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Prion agents (1st section). Transfusion 2024; 64 Suppl 1:S4-S18. [PMID: 38394039 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
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2
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Li M, Irsch J, Corash L, Benjamin RJ. Is pathogen reduction an acceptable alternative to irradiation for risk mitigation of transfusion-associated graft versus host disease? Transfus Apher Sci 2022; 61:103404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2022.103404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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3
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Douet JY, Huor A, Cassard H, Lugan S, Aron N, Arnold M, Vilette D, Torres JM, Ironside JW, Andreoletti O. Wide distribution of prion infectivity in the peripheral tissues of vCJD and sCJD patients. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 141:383-397. [PMID: 33532912 PMCID: PMC7882550 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02270-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) is the commonest human prion disease, occurring most likely as the consequence of spontaneous formation of abnormal prion protein in the central nervous system (CNS). Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD) is an acquired prion disease that was first identified in 1996. In marked contrast to vCJD, previous investigations in sCJD revealed either inconsistent levels or an absence of PrPSc in peripheral tissues. These findings contributed to the consensus that risks of transmitting sCJD as a consequence of non-CNS invasive clinical procedures were low. In this study, we systematically measured prion infectivity levels in CNS and peripheral tissues collected from vCJD and sCJD patients. Unexpectedly, prion infectivity was detected in a wide variety of peripheral tissues in sCJD cases. Although the sCJD infectivity levels varied unpredictably in the tissues sampled and between patients, these findings could impact on our perception of the possible transmission risks associated with sCJD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Yves Douet
- UMR INRA ENVT 1225, Interactions Hôtes Agents Pathogènes, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076, Toulouse, France
| | - Alvina Huor
- UMR INRA ENVT 1225, Interactions Hôtes Agents Pathogènes, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076, Toulouse, France
| | - Hervé Cassard
- UMR INRA ENVT 1225, Interactions Hôtes Agents Pathogènes, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076, Toulouse, France
| | - Séverine Lugan
- UMR INRA ENVT 1225, Interactions Hôtes Agents Pathogènes, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076, Toulouse, France
| | - Naima Aron
- UMR INRA ENVT 1225, Interactions Hôtes Agents Pathogènes, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076, Toulouse, France
| | - Mark Arnold
- APHA Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, LE12 5NB, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Didier Vilette
- UMR INRA ENVT 1225, Interactions Hôtes Agents Pathogènes, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076, Toulouse, France
| | - Juan-Maria Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, CISA-INIA, Valdeolmos, Spain
| | - James W Ironside
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Olivier Andreoletti
- UMR INRA ENVT 1225, Interactions Hôtes Agents Pathogènes, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076, Toulouse, France.
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4
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Muller JY. [Nobel prize and the history of blood transfusion]. Transfus Clin Biol 2019; 26:135-143. [PMID: 31256953 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2019.06.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J-Y Muller
- Société française de transfusion sanguine, CHU de Nantes, 30, allée de la Mare-Gabrielle, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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Osho P, Oluwole M, Fasipe O, Osho S, Koledoye V, Oni O, Akinbodewa A. Do we meet up with the standard blood demand, usage, and availability levels in State Specialist Hospital, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria? JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jcls.jcls_26_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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6
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Garraud O, Sut C, Haddad A, Tariket S, Aloui C, Laradi S, Hamzeh-Cognasse H, Bourlet T, Zeni F, Aubron C, Ozier Y, Laperche S, Peyrard T, Buffet P, Guyotat D, Tavernier E, Cognasse F, Pozzetto B, Andreu G. Transfusion-associated hazards: A revisit of their presentation. Transfus Clin Biol 2018; 25:118-135. [PMID: 29625790 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As a therapy or a support to other therapies, despite being largely beneficial to patients in general, transfusion it is not devoid of some risks. In a moderate number of cases, patients may manifest adverse reactions, otherwise referred to as transfusion-associated hazards (TAHs). The latest French 2016 haemovigilance report indicates that 93% of TAHs are minor (grade 1), 5.5% are moderate (grade 2) and 1.6% are severe (grade 3), with only five deaths (grade 4) being attributed to transfusion with relative certainty (imputability of level [or grade] 1 to 3). Health-care providers need to be well aware of the benefits and potential risks (to best evaluate and discuss the benefit-risk ratio), how to prevent TAHs, the overall costs and the availability of alternative therapeutic options. In high-income countries, most blood establishments (BEs) and hospital blood banks (HBBs) have developed tools for reporting and analysing at least severe transfusion reactions. With nearly two decades of haemovigilance, transfusion reaction databases should be quite informative, though there are four main caveats that prevent it from being fully efficient: (ai) reporting is mainly declarative and is thus barely exhaustive even in countries where it is mandatory by law; (aii) it is often difficult to differentiate between the different complications related to transfusion, diseases, comorbidities and other types of therapies in patients suffering from debilitating conditions; (aiii) there is a lack of consistency in the definitions used to describe and report some transfusion reactions, their severity and their likelihood of being related to transfusion; and (aiv) it is difficult to assess the imputability of a particular BC given to a patient who has previously received many BCs over a relatively short period of time. When compiling all available information published so far, it appears that TAHs can be analysed using different approaches: (bi) their pathophysiological nature; (bii) their severity; (biii) the onset scheme; (biv) a quality assessment (preventable or non-preventable); (bv) their impact on ongoing therapy. Moreover, TAHs can be reported either in a non-integrative or in an integrative way; in the latter case, presentation may also differ when issued by a blood establishment or a treating ward. At some point, a recapitulative document would be useful to gain a better understanding of TAHs in order to decrease their occurrence and severity and allow decision makers to determine action plans: this is what this review attempts to make. This review attempts to merge the different aspects, with a focus on the hospital side, i.e., how the most frequent TAHs can be avoided or mitigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Garraud
- EA3064, University of Lyon/Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France; Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, 75017 Paris, France.
| | - C Sut
- EA3064, University of Lyon/Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - A Haddad
- EA3064, University of Lyon/Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France; Sacré-Cœur University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - S Tariket
- EA3064, University of Lyon/Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - C Aloui
- EA3064, University of Lyon/Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - S Laradi
- EA3064, University of Lyon/Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France; Sacré-Cœur University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - T Bourlet
- EA3064, University of Lyon/Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Microbiology, University Hospital, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - F Zeni
- EA3064, University of Lyon/Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Critical Care, University Hospital, 29200 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - C Aubron
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 29200 Brest, France; Department of Critical Care, University Hospital, 75005 Brest, France
| | - Y Ozier
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 29200 Brest, France; Department of Critical Care, University Hospital, 75005 Brest, France
| | - S Laperche
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, 75017 Paris, France
| | - T Peyrard
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, 75017 Paris, France; Inserm S_1134, 75015 Paris, France
| | - P Buffet
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, 75017 Paris, France; Inserm S_1134, 75015 Paris, France; University Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - D Guyotat
- UMR_5229, University of Lyon, 69675 Lyon, France; Institut du Cancer Lucien Neuwirth, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - E Tavernier
- UMR_5229, University of Lyon, 69675 Lyon, France; Institut du Cancer Lucien Neuwirth, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - F Cognasse
- EA3064, University of Lyon/Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France; Sacré-Cœur University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - B Pozzetto
- EA3064, University of Lyon/Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Microbiology, University Hospital, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - G Andreu
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, 75017 Paris, France
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Douet JY, Lacroux C, Aron N, Head MW, Lugan S, Tillier C, Huor A, Cassard H, Arnold M, Beringue V, Ironside JW, Andréoletti O. Distribution and Quantitative Estimates of Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Prions in Tissues of Clinical and Asymptomatic Patients. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 23:946-956. [PMID: 28518033 PMCID: PMC5443438 DOI: 10.3201/eid2306.161734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the United-Kingdom, ≈1 of 2,000 persons could be infected with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). Therefore, risk of transmission of vCJD by medical procedures remains a major concern for public health authorities. In this study, we used in vitro amplification of prions by protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) to estimate distribution and level of the vCJD agent in 21 tissues from 4 patients who died of clinical vCJD and from 1 asymptomatic person with vCJD. PMCA identified major levels of vCJD prions in a range of tissues, including liver, salivary gland, kidney, lung, and bone marrow. Bioassays confirmed that the quantitative estimate of levels of vCJD prion accumulation provided by PMCA are indicative of vCJD infectivity levels in tissues. Findings provide critical data for the design of measures to minimize risk for iatrogenic transmission of vCJD.
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8
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Bioassay of prion-infected blood plasma in PrP transgenic Drosophila. Biochem J 2016; 473:4399-4412. [PMID: 27733649 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In pursuit of a tractable bioassay to assess blood prion infectivity, we have generated prion protein (PrP) transgenic Drosophila, which show a neurotoxic phenotype in adulthood after exposure to exogenous prions at the larval stage. Here, we determined the sensitivity of ovine PrP transgenic Drosophila to ovine prion infectivity by exposure of these flies to a dilution series of scrapie-infected sheep brain homogenate. Ovine PrP transgenic Drosophila showed a significant neurotoxic response to dilutions of 10-2 to 10-10 of the original scrapie-infected sheep brain homogenate. Significantly, we determined that this prion-induced neurotoxic response in ovine PrP transgenic Drosophila was transmissible to ovine PrP transgenic mice, which is indicative of authentic mammalian prion detection by these flies. As a consequence, we considered that PrP transgenic Drosophila were sufficiently sensitive to exogenous mammalian prions to be capable of detecting prion infectivity in the blood of scrapie-infected sheep. To test this hypothesis, we exposed ovine PrP transgenic Drosophila to scrapie-infected plasma, a blood fraction notoriously difficult to assess by conventional prion bioassays. Notably, pre-clinical plasma from scrapie-infected sheep induced neurotoxicity in PrP transgenic Drosophila and this effect was more pronounced after exposure to samples collected at the clinical phase of disease. The neurotoxic phenotype in ovine PrP transgenic Drosophila induced by plasma from scrapie-infected sheep was transmissible since head homogenate from these flies caused neurotoxicity in recipient flies during fly-to-fly transmission. Our data show that PrP transgenic Drosophila can be used successfully to bioassay prion infectivity in blood from a prion-diseased mammalian host.
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Schmidt AE, Refaai MA, Blumberg N. Past, present and forecast of transfusion medicine: What has changed and what is expected to change? Presse Med 2016; 45:e253-72. [PMID: 27474234 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood transfusion is the second most used medical procedures in health care systems worldwide. Over the last few decades, significant changes have been evolved in transfusion medicine practices. These changes were mainly needed to increase safety, efficacy, and availability of blood products as well as reduce recipients' unnecessary exposure to allogeneic blood. Blood products collection, processing, and storage as well as transfusion practices throughout all patient populations were the main stream of these changes. Health care systems across the world have adopted some or most of these changes to reduce transfusion risks, to improve overall patients' outcome, and to reduce health care costs. In this article, we are going to present and discuss some of these recent modifications and their impact on patients' safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Schmidt
- University of Rochester medical center, department of pathology and laboratory medicine, 14642 Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Majed A Refaai
- University of Rochester medical center, department of pathology and laboratory medicine, 14642 Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Neil Blumberg
- University of Rochester medical center, department of pathology and laboratory medicine, 14642 Rochester, NY, USA.
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Abstract
A goal of platelet storage is to maintain the quality of platelets from the point of donation to the point of transfusion - to suspend the aging process. This effort is judged by clinical and laboratory measures with varying degrees of success. Recent work gives encouragement that platelets can be maintained ex vivo beyond the current 5 -7 day shelf life whilst maintaining their quality, as measured by posttransfusion recovery and survival. However, additional measures are needed to validate the development of technologies that may further reduce the aging of stored platelets, or enhance their hemostatic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Smethurst
- a Components Development Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK, and Department of Haematology , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
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11
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Abstract
Viral safety remains a major concern in transfusion of blood products. Over years, the control measures applied to blood products were made more and more sophisticated; however, the number of infectious agents, and notably of viruses, that can be transmitted by transfusion is increasing continuously. The aim of this review paper is to actualize that published in the same journal by the same authors in 2011 with more details on some of actual vs virtual viral threats that were identified recently in the field of blood transfusion. The main subjects that are covered successively concern the transmission via transfusion of hepatitis E virus, the frequency of transfusion transmitted arboviruses, transfusion at the time of the Ebola epidemics in West Africa, the debated role of Marseillevirus (giant viruses infecting amoebae and suspected to infect human blood latently), and, finally, the recent report of the identification in blood donors of a new member of the Flaviviridae family. The addition of these new viral risks to those already identified-partially controlled or not-pleads for the urgent need to move forward to considering inactivation of infectious agents in blood products.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pozzetto
- EA3064, Groupe immunité des muqueuses et agents pathogènes (GIMAP), faculté de médecine de Saint-Étienne, université de Lyon, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France; Laboratoire des agents infectieux et d'hygiène, hôpital Nord, CHU de Saint-Étienne, 42055 Saint-Étienne, France.
| | - O Garraud
- EA3064, Groupe immunité des muqueuses et agents pathogènes (GIMAP), faculté de médecine de Saint-Étienne, université de Lyon, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France; Institut national de la transfusion sanguine (INTS), 75015 Paris, France
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Mononucleated Blood Cell Populations Display Different Abilities To Transmit Prion Disease by the Transfusion Route. J Virol 2016; 90:3439-45. [PMID: 26764000 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02783-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Previous experiments carried out in a sheep scrapie model demonstrated that the transfusion of 200 μl of prion-infected whole blood has an apparent 100% efficacy for disease transmission. These experiments also indicated that, despite the apparent low infectious titer, the intravenous administration of white blood cells (WBC) resulted in efficient disease transmission. In the study presented here, using the same transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) animal model, our aim was to determine the minimal number of white blood cells and the specific abilities of mononucleated cell populations to transmit scrapie by the transfusion route. Our results confirmed that the transfusion of 100 μl, but not 10 μl, of fresh whole blood collected in asymptomatic scrapie-infected donor sheep can transmit the disease. The data also show that the intravenous administration of 10(5) WBCs is sufficient to cause scrapie in recipient sheep. Cell-sorted CD45R(+) (predominantly B lymphocytes), CD4(+)/CD8(+) (T lymphocytes), and CD14(+) (monocytes/macrophages) blood cell subpopulations all were shown to contain prion infectivity by bioassays in ovine PrP transgenic mice. However, while the intravenous administration of 10(6) CD45(+) or CD4(+)/8(+) living cells was able to transmit the disease, similar numbers of CD14(+) cells failed to infect the recipients. These data support the contention that mononucleated blood cell populations display different abilities to transmit TSE by the transfusion route. They also represent an important input for the risk assessment of blood-borne prion disease transmission and for refining the target performance of leukoreduction processes that currently are applied to mitigate the transmission risk in transfusion medicine. IMPORTANCE Interindividual variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) transmission through blood and blood-derived products is considered a major public health issue in transfusion medicine. Over the last decade, TSE in sheep has emerged as a relevant model for assessing the blood-borne vCJD transmission risk. In this study, using a sheep TSE model, we characterized the ability of different peripheral blood mononucleated cell populations to infect TSE-free recipients by the transfusion route. Our results indicate that as little as 10(5) WBC and 100 μl of blood collected from asymptomatic scrapie infected animals can transmit the disease. They also demonstrate unambiguously that peripheral blood mononuclear cell subpopulations display dramatically different abilities to transmit the disease. These data represent an important input for the risk assessment of blood-borne prion disease transmission and for refining the target performance of leukoreduction processes that currently are applied to mitigate the transmission risk in transfusion medicine.
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Lim K, Kim SY, Lee B, Segarra C, Kang S, Ju Y, Schmerr MJ, Coste J, Kim SY, Yokoyama T, An SSA. Magnetic microparticle-based multimer detection system for the detection of prion oligomers in sheep. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:241-50. [PMID: 26425091 PMCID: PMC4583538 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s88377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are zoonotic fatal neurodegenerative diseases in animals and humans. TSEs are commonly known as bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle, scrapie in sheep and goats, chronic wasting disease in cervids, and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease in humans. The putative transmissible agents are infectious prion proteins (PrPSc), which are formed by the conversion of the normal prion protein on the glycoprotein cell surface in the presence of other PrPSc. Reports of the transmission of TSEs through blood raised considerable concern about the safety of blood and blood products. To address this issue, many laboratories attempted to develop a sensitive and accurate blood diagnostic test to detect PrPSc. Previously, we reported that, compared to normal controls, the multimer detection system (MDS) was more efficient in detecting PrPSc in infected hamster brain homogenate, mouse plasma spiked with purified PrPSc from scrapie mouse brain, and scrapie-infected hamster plasmas. MDS differentiates prion multimers from the cellular monomer through the multimeric expression of epitopes on prion multimers, in contrast to the monomeric form. In this study, MDS detected PrPSc in plasma samples from scrapie-infected sheep expressing clinical symptoms, demonstrating 100% sensitivity and specificity in these samples. Plasma samples from asymptomatic lambs at the preclinical stage (8-month-old naturally infected offspring of scrapie-infected parents expressing a highly susceptible genotype) tested positive with 50% sensitivity and 100% specificity. In the first of two coded analyses using clinical scrapie-infected sheep and normal healthy samples, MDS successfully identified all but one of the clinical samples with 92% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Similar results were obtained in the second coded analysis using preclinical samples. MDS again successfully identified all but one of the samples with 87% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The false-negative sample was subjected to a protease pretreatment. In conclusion, MDS could accurately detect scrapie in plasma samples at both preclinical and clinical stages. From these studies, we conclude that MDS could be a promising tool for the early diagnosis of TSEs from blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntaek Lim
- Department of Research and Development, PeopleBio Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Kim
- Department of Arborbiology, Korean Center for Diseases and Control (KCDC), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungsub Lee
- Department of Research and Development, PeopleBio Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Christiane Segarra
- Department of Blood Screening, Etablissement Français Du Sang (EFS), Montpellier, France
| | - Sungmin Kang
- Department of Research and Development, PeopleBio Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngran Ju
- Department of Arborbiology, Korean Center for Diseases and Control (KCDC), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mary Jo Schmerr
- Ames Laboratories, US Department of Energy (USDOE), Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Joliette Coste
- Department of Blood Screening, Etablissement Français Du Sang (EFS), Montpellier, France
| | - Sang Yun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Sungnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Takashi Yokoyama
- Department of Prion Research, National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Sungnam-si, Republic of Korea
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Propagated protein misfolding: New opportunities for therapeutics, new public health risk. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 41:196-199. [PMID: 29769952 DOI: 10.14745/ccdr.v41i08a03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There is now good consensus that propagated protein misfolding is the underlying mechanism for the infectious prion diseases (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans, scrapie in sheep and goats, bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle, and chronic wasting disease in deer and elk). Over the past decade it has become increasingly clear that other diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis may progress via the same mechanism, involving a disease-specific polypeptide rather than the prion protein. Recent literature in these non-prion neurodegenerative diseases also points to the existence of multiple "strains" that express themselves differently in different contexts, resulting in different disease phenotypes. The probable cause of these neurodegenerative diseases is now referred to collectively as "propagated protein misfolding." Propagated protein misfolding raises many opportunities for new therapeutics and diagnostics. However, it also raises the theoretical risk of iatrogenic transmission, although experimental support for this notion is limited at present.
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Laperche S, Lefrère JJ, Morel P, Pouchol E, Pozzetto B. [Blood transfusion: control of infectious risks]. Presse Med 2014; 44:189-99. [PMID: 25547992 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2014.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
From blood donor collection to transfusion of the recipient, there are several layers of protection of the blood supply. These measures combined with huge progresses over the three past decades in pathogen discovery and blood testing for specific pathogens (human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses, Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)), provide the greatest safety. With the implementation of serological and molecular testing, at least in high-income countries, transfusion-transmitted infections have become extremely rare. However, for pathogen agents, which are not tested and especially those which are responsible for emerging infectious disease, it became apparent that full control of infectious disease had not been achieved. In addition, the immune status of the recipient has also an impact in the outcome of infectious diseases transmitted by transfusion. Blood safety is based on several measures: education and deferral of donors with risk factors for transmissible disease, blood testing, pathogen reduction interventions, and patient blood management. This paper proposes a review of the residual risk of transmission of infectious diseases by transfusion and of the additional interventions able to further reduce it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syria Laperche
- Centre national de référence des hépatites B et C et du VIH en transfusion, Institut national de la transfusion sanguine, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Jean-Jacques Lefrère
- Institut national de la transfusion sanguine, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris 5 (Paris Descartes), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Morel
- Établissement français du sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Elodie Pouchol
- Agence nationale de sécurité du médicament et des produits de santé, 93200 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Bruno Pozzetto
- Université de Lyon, faculté de médecine de Saint-Étienne, EA 3064, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France; CHU de Saint-Étienne, service de bactériologie, virologie, hygiène, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France
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17
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Lee J, Kim SY, Hwang KJ, Ju YR, Woo HJ. Prion diseases as transmissible zoonotic diseases. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2014; 4:57-66. [PMID: 24159531 PMCID: PMC3747681 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrp.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases, also called transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), lead to neurological dysfunction in animals and are fatal. Infectious prion proteins are causative agents of many mammalian TSEs, including scrapie (in sheep), chronic wasting disease (in deer and elk), bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE; in cattle), and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD; in humans). BSE, better known as mad cow disease, is among the many recently discovered zoonotic diseases. BSE cases were first reported in the United Kingdom in 1986. Variant CJD (vCJD) is a disease that was first detected in 1996, which affects humans and is linked to the BSE epidemic in cattle. vCJD is presumed to be caused by consumption of contaminated meat and other food products derived from affected cattle. The BSE epidemic peaked in 1992 and decreased thereafter; this decline is continuing sharply owing to intensive surveillance and screening programs in the Western world. However, there are still new outbreaks and/or progression of prion diseases, including atypical BSE, and iatrogenic CJD and vCJD via organ transplantation and blood transfusion. This paper summarizes studies on prions, particularly on prion molecular mechanisms, BSE, vCJD, and diagnostic procedures. Risk perception and communication policies of the European Union for the prevention of prion diseases are also addressed to provide recommendations for appropriate government policies in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Lee
- Laboratory of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea
- Division of Zoonoses, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong,
Korea
| | - Su Yeon Kim
- Division of Zoonoses, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong,
Korea
| | - Kyu Jam Hwang
- Division of Zoonoses, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong,
Korea
| | - Young Ran Ju
- Division of Zoonoses, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong,
Korea
| | - Hee-Jong Woo
- Laboratory of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
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Shih DTB, Burnouf T. Preparation, quality criteria, and properties of human blood platelet lysate supplements for ex vivo stem cell expansion. N Biotechnol 2014; 32:199-211. [PMID: 24929129 PMCID: PMC7102808 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Most clinical applications of human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for cell therapy, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and treatment of immune and inflammatory diseases require a phase of isolation and ex vivo expansion allowing a clinically meaningful cell number to be reached. Conditions used for cell isolation and expansion should meet strict quality and safety requirements. This is particularly true for the growth medium used for MSC isolation and expansion. Basal growth media used for MSC expansion are supplemented with multiple nutrients and growth factors. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) has long been the gold standard medium supplement for laboratory-scale MSC culture. However, FBS has a poorly characterized composition and poses risk factors, as it may be a source of xenogenic antigens and zoonotic infections. FBS has therefore become undesirable as a growth medium supplement for isolating and expanding MSCs for human therapy protocols. In recent years, human blood materials, and most particularly lysates and releasates of platelet concentrates have emerged as efficient medium supplements for isolating and expanding MSCs from various origins. This review analyzes the advantages and limits of using human platelet materials as medium supplements for MSC isolation and expansion. We present the modes of production of allogeneic and autologous platelet concentrates, measures taken to ensure optimal pathogen safety profiles, and methods of preparing PLs for MSC expansion. We also discuss the supply of such blood preparations. Produced under optimal conditions of standardization and safety, human platelet materials can become the future 'gold standard' supplement for ex vivo production of MSCs for translational medicine and cell therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tzu-Bi Shih
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Pediatrics Department, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thierry Burnouf
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Busby H, Kent J, Farrell AM. Revaluing donor and recipient bodies in the globalised blood economy: transitions in public policy on blood safety in the United Kingdom. Health (London) 2014; 18:79-94. [PMID: 23467898 PMCID: PMC3930469 DOI: 10.1177/1363459313476966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The clinical use of blood has a long history, but its apparent stability belies the complexity of contemporary practices in this field. In this article, we explore how the production, supply and deployment of blood products are socially mediated, drawing on theoretical perspectives from recent work on 'tissue economies'. We highlight the ways in which safety threats in the form of infections that might be transmitted through blood and plasma impact on this tissue economy and how these have led to a revaluation of donor bodies and restructuring of blood economies. Specifically, we consider these themes in relation to the management of recent threats to blood safety in the United Kingdom. We show that the tension between securing the supply of blood and its products and ensuring its safety may give rise to ethical concerns and reshape relations between donor and recipient bodies.
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Oumata N, Nguyen PH, Beringue V, Soubigou F, Pang Y, Desban N, Massacrier C, Morel Y, Paturel C, Contesse MA, Bouaziz S, Sanyal S, Galons H, Blondel M, Voisset C. The toll-like receptor agonist imiquimod is active against prions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72112. [PMID: 23977222 PMCID: PMC3745460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a yeast-based assay, a previously unsuspected antiprion activity was found for imiquimod (IQ), a potent Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist already used for clinical applications. The antiprion activity of IQ was first detected against yeast prions [PSI+] and [URE3], and then against mammalian prion both ex vivo in a cell-based assay and in vivo in a transgenic mouse model for prion diseases. In order to facilitate structure-activity relationship studies, we conducted a new synthetic pathway which provides a more efficient means of producing new IQ chemical derivatives, the activity of which was tested against both yeast and mammalian prions. The comparable antiprion activity of IQ and its chemical derivatives in the above life forms further emphasizes the conservation of prion controlling mechanisms throughout evolution. Interestingly, this study also demonstrated that the antiprion activity of IQ and IQ-derived compounds is independent from their ability to stimulate TLRs. Furthermore, we found that IQ and its active chemical derivatives inhibit the protein folding activity of the ribosome (PFAR) in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassima Oumata
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2, INSERM U1022, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Phu hai Nguyen
- Institut National de la Sante et de la recherche Medicale UMR1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé ; Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne ; CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest, France
| | - Vincent Beringue
- Virologie Immunologie Moléculaires, UR892, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Flavie Soubigou
- Institut National de la Sante et de la recherche Medicale UMR1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé ; Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne ; CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest, France
| | - Yanhong Pang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nathalie Desban
- Protein Phosphorylation & Disease Laboratory, CNRS UPS2682, Roscoff, France
| | | | | | | | - Marie-Astrid Contesse
- Institut National de la Sante et de la recherche Medicale UMR1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé ; Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne ; CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest, France
| | - Serge Bouaziz
- UMR 8015 CNRS, Laboratoire de Cristallographie et RMN Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Suparna Sanyal
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hervé Galons
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2, INSERM U1022, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Marc Blondel
- Institut National de la Sante et de la recherche Medicale UMR1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé ; Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne ; CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest, France
- * E-mail: (CV); (MB)
| | - Cécile Voisset
- Institut National de la Sante et de la recherche Medicale UMR1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé ; Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne ; CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest, France
- * E-mail: (CV); (MB)
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Coste J. An overview of the diagnostic tools. Transfus Clin Biol 2013; 20:412-5. [PMID: 23928182 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2013.04.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Prions are unconventional infectious agents that cause fatal neurological illnesses such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), bovine spongiform encephalopathy, and scrapie. Variant CJD can occur via blood transfusions. However, as no screening assay is available, uncertainties remain over the prevalence of vCJD in asymptomatic blood donors. Development of a diagnostic assay is therefore a primary objective. Little is known about the nature, distribution and level of infectivity in human blood and we have to rely on assumptions made from animal models. Ideally, two types of assays are required: a rapid high-throughput assay to routinely screen all blood donations and a confirmatory assay to ensure that all positive results from initial screening are true positives. Key event in prion disease is thought to be the conversion of normal cellular prion protein PrPc to a misfolded aggregated form termed PrP(TSE). This specific characteristic has been exploited to develop some tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Coste
- Laboratoire R&D sécurité transfusionnelle et innovation diagnostique (TransDiag), établissement français du sang de Pyrénées-Méditerranée, 392, avenue du Professeur-Jean-Louis-Viala, 34184 Montpellier cedex 3, France.
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Lacroux C, Bougard D, Litaise C, Simmons H, Corbiere F, Dernis D, Tardivel R, Morel N, Simon S, Lugan S, Costes P, Weisbecker JL, Schelcher F, Grassi J, Coste J, Andréoletti O. Impact of leucocyte depletion and prion reduction filters on TSE blood borne transmission. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42019. [PMID: 22860049 PMCID: PMC3409224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification in the UK of 4 v-CJD infected patients thought to be due to the use of transfused Red Blood Cell units prepared from blood of donors incubating v-CJD raised major concerns in transfusion medicine. The demonstration of leucocyte associated infectivity using various animal models of TSE infection led to the implementation of systematic leuco-depletion (LD) of Red Blood cells concentrates (RBCs) in a number of countries. In the same models, plasma also demonstrated a significant level of infectivity which raised questions on the impact of LD on the v-CJD transmission risk. The recent development of filters combining LD and the capture of non-leucocyte associated prion infectivity meant a comparison of the benefits of LD alone versus LD/prion-reduction filters (LD/PR) on blood-borne TSE transmission could be made. Due to the similarity of blood/plasma volumes to human transfusion medicine an experimental TSE sheep model was used to characterize the abilities of whole blood, RBCs, plasma and buffy-coat to transmit the disease through the transfusion route. The impact of a standard RBCs LD filter and of two different RBCs LD/PR prototype filters on the disease transmission was then measured. Homologous recipients transfused with whole-blood, buffy-coat and RBCs developed the disease with 100% efficiency. Conversely, plasma, when intravenously administered resulted in an inconstant infection of the recipients and no disease transmission was observed in sheep that received cryo-precipitated fraction or supernatant obtained from infectious plasma. Despite their high efficacy, LD and LD/PR filtration of the Red Blood Cells concentrate did not provide absolute protection from infection. These results support the view that leuco-depletion strongly mitigates the v-CJD blood borne transmission risk and provide information about the relative benefits of prion reduction filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Lacroux
- UMR INRA ENVT 1225, Interactions Hôte Agent Pathogène, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Daisy Bougard
- UPR CNRS 1142, R&D TransDiag, EFS Pyrénées –Méditerranée, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Litaise
- UMR INRA ENVT 1225, Interactions Hôte Agent Pathogène, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Hugh Simmons
- AHVLA Weybridge, ASU, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Fabien Corbiere
- UMR INRA ENVT 1225, Interactions Hôte Agent Pathogène, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Nathalie Morel
- CEA, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, IBiTec-S, DSV, CEA/Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Stephanie Simon
- CEA, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, IBiTec-S, DSV, CEA/Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Séverine Lugan
- UMR INRA ENVT 1225, Interactions Hôte Agent Pathogène, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierrette Costes
- UMR INRA ENVT 1225, Interactions Hôte Agent Pathogène, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - François Schelcher
- UMR INRA ENVT 1225, Interactions Hôte Agent Pathogène, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jacques Grassi
- CEA, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, IBiTec-S, DSV, CEA/Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Joliette Coste
- UPR CNRS 1142, R&D TransDiag, EFS Pyrénées –Méditerranée, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Andréoletti
- UMR INRA ENVT 1225, Interactions Hôte Agent Pathogène, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- * E-mail:
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23
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Andréoletti O, Litaise C, Simmons H, Corbière F, Lugan S, Costes P, Schelcher F, Vilette D, Grassi J, Lacroux C. Highly efficient prion transmission by blood transfusion. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002782. [PMID: 22737075 PMCID: PMC3380953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now clearly established that the transfusion of blood from variant CJD (v-CJD) infected individuals can transmit the disease. Since the number of asymptomatic infected donors remains unresolved, inter-individual v-CJD transmission through blood and blood derived products is a major public health concern. Current risk assessments for transmission of v-CJD by blood and blood derived products by transfusion rely on infectious titers measured in rodent models of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSE) using intra-cerebral (IC) inoculation of blood components. To address the biological relevance of this approach, we compared the efficiency of TSE transmission by blood and blood components when administrated either through transfusion in sheep or by intra-cerebral inoculation (IC) in transgenic mice (tg338) over-expressing ovine PrP. Transfusion of 200 µL of blood from asymptomatic infected donor sheep transmitted prion disease with 100% efficiency thereby displaying greater virulence than the transfusion of 200 mL of normal blood spiked with brain homogenate material containing 103ID50 as measured by intracerebral inoculation of tg338 mice (ID50 IC in tg338). This was consistent with a whole blood titer greater than 103.6 ID50 IC in tg338 per mL. However, when the same blood samples were assayed by IC inoculation into tg338 the infectious titers were less than 32 ID per mL. Whereas the transfusion of crude plasma to sheep transmitted the disease with limited efficacy, White Blood Cells (WBC) displayed a similar ability to whole blood to infect recipients. Strikingly, fixation of WBC with paraformaldehyde did not affect the infectivity titer as measured in tg338 but dramatically impaired disease transmission by transfusion in sheep. These results demonstrate that TSE transmission by blood transfusion can be highly efficient and that this efficiency is more dependent on the viability of transfused cells than the level of infectivity measured by IC inoculation. In the UK, several v-CJD cases have been identified in patients that received blood or blood-derived products prepared from incubating asymptomatic donors. Since there is no screening test to identify infected donors, procedural risk reduction measures remain the only protection against v-CJD transfusion risk. These measures rely, in part, on the assumptions that (i) the level of infectivity in blood is low and (ii) the risk of blood borne transmission is directly correlated with the infectious titer of blood and blood products. Using a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) animal model, we have provided evidence that despite a very low infectious titer in blood as measured by inoculation into brain, the transfusion of 0.2 mL of blood from asymptomatic infected donors is sufficient to transmit the disease with a 100% efficacy. We further demonstrated that this high efficiency of disease transmission is crucially dependant on the viability of the transfused white blood cells rather than on their infectious titer. These findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of TSE diseases and require revision of some of the key assumptions of the v-CJD blood borne risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Andréoletti
- UMR INRA ENVT 1225, Interactions Hôtes Agents Pathogènes, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
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Prionemia and leukocyte-platelet-associated infectivity in sheep transmissible spongiform encephalopathy models. J Virol 2011; 86:2056-66. [PMID: 22156536 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.06532-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of the circulation and distribution of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) agents in the blood of infected individuals remain largely unknown. This clearly limits the understanding of the role of blood in TSE pathogenesis and the development of a reliable TSE blood detection assay. Using two distinct sheep scrapie models and blood transfusion, this work demonstrates the occurrence of a very early and persistent prionemia. This ability to transmit disease by blood transfusion was correlated with the presence of infectivity in white blood cells (WBC) and peripheral blood mononucleated cells (PBMC) as detected by bioassay in mice overexpressing the ovine prion protein PrP (tg338 mice) and with the identification of abnormal PrP in WBC after using protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA). Platelets and a large variety of leukocyte subpopulations also were shown to be infectious. The use of endpoint titration in tg338 mice indicated that the infectivity in WBC (per ml of blood) was 10(6.5)-fold lower than that in 1 g of posterior brainstem sample. In both WBC and brainstem, infectivity displayed similar resistance to PK digestion. The data strongly support the concept that WBC are an accurate target for reliable TSE detection by PMCA. The presence of infectivity in short-life-span blood cellular elements raises the question of the origin of prionemia.
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Martinsen TC, Benestad SL, Moldal T, Waldum HL. Inhibitors of gastric acid secretion increase the risk of prion infection in mice. Scand J Gastroenterol 2011; 46:1418-22. [PMID: 21936725 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2011.619277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Gastric juice is a unique combination of hydrochloric acid and the proteolytic enzyme pepsin. Its main function is to inactivate ingested microorganisms. Prions cause fatal transmissible degenerative encephalopathies in animals and man. These diseases have attracted attention due to the proposed link between bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle and the occurrence of a new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans where the most probable route of transmission is via contaminated food. The role of gastric juice in the protection against these agents is not settled. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine if drug-induced gastric hypoacidity increases the susceptibility of prion infection transmitted by the oral route. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-six mice (tg338) were given brain homogenates contaminated with scrapie by gastric intubation. Twenty-two of these animals were concomitantly dosed with omeprazole increasing the median gastric pH from 1.2 to 5.3. After 381 days, the animals were sacrificed and all the brains were examined for detection of pathogenic prion proteins by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot. RESULTS Drug-induced decrease in gastric acidity more than doubled the rate (59% vs. 25%, p < 0.035) of brain infection compared to controls with normal gastric acidity at the time of inoculation. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that the normal gastric juice constitutes a significant defense against prion disease in mice. Thus, gastric hypochlorhydria would be expected to enhance the susceptibility to prion infection by the oral route. This finding may have relevance to the pathogenesis of the new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and prion diseases in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom C Martinsen
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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Dassanayake RP, Schneider DA, Truscott TC, Young AJ, Zhuang D, O'Rourke KI. Classical scrapie prions in ovine blood are associated with B lymphocytes and platelet-rich plasma. BMC Vet Res 2011; 7:75. [PMID: 22112371 PMCID: PMC3233507 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-7-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Classical scrapie is a naturally occurring transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of sheep and goats characterized by cellular accumulation of abnormal isoforms of prion protein (PrPSc) in the central nervous system and the follicles of peripheral lymphoid tissues. Previous studies have shown that the whole blood and buffy coat blood fraction of scrapie infected sheep harbor prion infectivity. Although PrPSc has been detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), plasma, and more recently within a subpopulation of B lymphocytes, the infectivity status of these cells and plasma in sheep remains unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether circulating PBMCs, B lymphocytes and platelets from classical scrapie infected sheep harbor prion infectivity using a sheep bioassay. Results Serial rectal mucosal biopsy and immunohistochemistry were used to detect preclinical infection in lambs transfused with whole blood or blood cell fractions from preclinical or clinical scrapie infected sheep. PrPSc immunolabeling was detected in antemortem rectal and postmortem lymphoid tissues from recipient lambs receiving PBMCs (15/15), CD72+ B lymphocytes (3/3), CD21+ B lymphocytes (3/3) or platelet-rich plasma (2/3) fractions. As expected, whole blood (11/13) and buffy coat (5/5) recipients showed positive PrPSc labeling in lymphoid follicles. However, at 549 days post-transfusion, PrPSc was not detected in rectal or other lymphoid tissues in three sheep receiving platelet-poor plasma fraction. Conclusions Prion infectivity was detected in circulating PBMCs, CD72+ pan B lymphocytes, the CD21+ subpopulation of B lymphocytes and platelet-rich plasma of classical scrapie infected sheep using a sheep bioassay. Combining platelets with B lymphocytes might enhance PrPSc detection levels in blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohana P Dassanayake
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA.
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Cardone F, Simoneau S, Arzel A, Puopolo M, Berardi VA, Abdel-Haq H, Galeno R, De Pascalis A, Sbriccoli M, Graziano S, Valanzano A, Porte P, Diringer H, Brown P, Flan B, Pocchiari M. Comparison of nanofiltration efficacy in reducing infectivity of centrifuged versus ultracentrifuged 263K scrapie-infected brain homogenates in "spiked" albumin solutions. Transfusion 2011; 52:953-62. [PMID: 22082124 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03425.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The safety of plasma-derived products is of concern for possible transmission of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The absence of validated screening tests requires the use of procedures to remove or inactivate prions during the manufacture of plasma-derived products to minimize the risk of transmission. These procedures need proper validation studies based on spiking human plasma or intermediate fractions of plasma fractionation with prions in a form as close as possible to that present in blood. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Human albumin was spiked with low-speed or high-speed supernatants of 263K scrapie-infected hamster brain homogenates. Spiked albumin was then passed through a cascade of filters from 100 nm down to 20 to 15 nm. Residual infectivity was measured by bioassay. RESULTS The overall removal of infectivity spiked into albumin through serial nanofiltration steps was 4 to 5 logs using low-speed supernatant and 2 to 3 logs with high-speed supernatant. CONCLUSION These findings confirm the utility of nanofiltration in removing infectivity from plasma (or other products) spiked with scrapie brain homogenate supernatants. However, efficiency is diminished using supernatants that have been ultracentrifuged to reduce aggregated forms of the infectious agent. Thus, filtration removal data based on experiments using "standard" low-speed centrifugation supernatants might overestimate the amount of prion removal in plasma or urine-derived therapeutic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Cardone
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
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O'Brien SF, Zou S, Laperche S, Brant LJ, Seed CR, Kleinman SH. Surveillance of transfusion-transmissible infections comparison of systems in five developed countries. Transfus Med Rev 2011; 26:38-57. [PMID: 21944935 PMCID: PMC7134890 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Most industrialized countries maintain surveillance programs for monitoring transmissible infection in blood donations, revising approaches to methodology and risk assessment as new threats emerge. A comparison of programs in the United States, Canada, France, the UK, and Australia indicates that they have similar function, although the structure of blood programs vary as does the extent and nature of formal ties with public health. The emergence of HIV in the late 1970s and early 1980s was key in recognizing that surveillance systems specific to blood transfusion were essential. Hence, most industrialized countries monitor transfusion-transmissible infections in donors and evaluate the impact of new testing and of predonation screening strategies. Emerging infections since HIV have had different transmission pathways and challenged blood programs to draw upon resources for a rapid and effective response, with recognition that the original focus on sexual/drug-related risk of HIV and hepatitis was inadequate. The focus of surveillance programs on new and emerging pathogens fulfills a key role in risk assessment and policy formulation. The precise nature of such activities varies by country because of the structure of the blood programs and surveillance systems, the strategic focus of the blood programs, and the epidemiology of disease in each country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila F O'Brien
- National Epidemiology and Surveillance, Canadian Blood Services, 1800 Alta Vista Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1G 4J5. sheila.o'
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Gregori L, Yang H, Anderson S. Estimation of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease infectivity titers in human blood. Transfusion 2011; 51:2596-602. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03199.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Au cours des 20 dernières années, la sécurité en transfusion sanguine a fait de très grands progrès vis-à-vis du risque infectieux et notamment de celui représenté par les rétrovirus (HIV et HTLV) et les virus des hépatites B et C. L’objet de cette revue est de répertorier les risques viraux résiduels ou émergents qui seraient susceptibles d’entraîner de nouvelles contaminations chez les receveurs. À côté de nombreux autres virus (HHV-8, erythrovirus B19, virus des hépatites A et E…), une place toute particulière est faite aux arboviroses émergentes (infections à West Nile virus, dengue et chikungunya) qui menacent de toucher le territoire métropolitain suite à l’implantation en Europe du moustique Aedes albopictus, principal vecteur de la dengue et du chikungunya dans les régions tempérées. Un autre risque sanguin émergent, particulièrement au Royaume-Uni et en France, est constitué par le prion à l’origine de la forme variante de la maladie de Creutzfeldt-Jakob. La revue se termine par un rapide panorama des mesures qui sont susceptibles de contrôler ces émergences : exclusion des donneurs à risque, tests diagnostiques spécifiques de tel ou tel agent, déleucocytation des produits sanguins labiles et traitements physiques ou chimiques capables d’inactiver de façon non spécifique les agents infectieux potentiellement contaminants sans trop altérer les propriétés des composants sanguins. La capacité à maîtriser de façon prospective les nouveaux risques viraux au niveau transfusionnel représente un vrai défi pour préserver la confiance retrouvée des prescripteurs et des receveurs vis-à-vis des produits sanguins.
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Vamvakas EC. Universal white blood cell reduction in Europe: has transmission of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease been prevented? Transfus Med Rev 2011; 25:133-44. [PMID: 21345641 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2010.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Universal white blood cell (WBC) reduction was introduced in Europe to prevent transmission of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) by transfusion. Findings from rodent models indicate that WBC reduction should not prevent vCJD transmission because the residual plasma infectivity suffices to infect transfusion recipients even under optimistic infectivity assumptions. Although infectivity in human blood may not partition in the manner in which it is distributed in rodents, prion-reduction filters remove the residual plasma infectivity in rodent models. Precautionary introduction of prion filtration in the UK--for patients without dietary exposure to bovine spongiform encephalopathy and in the absence of a reported case of vCJD transmission attributable to infectivity residing in plasma--is consistent with the (already in place for such subjects) precautionary importation to the UK of fresh frozen plasma from low-risk countries. Thus, implementation of prion filtration in the UK does not imply that universal WBC reduction--as currently practiced in Europe--does not abrogate transmission of vCJD. Because neither a human case of vCJD transmission through transfusion of WBC-reduced red blood cells nor a case of experimental bovine spongiform encephalopathy transmission by WBC-reduced transfusion to sheep has been reported, it cannot be concluded that ordinary WBC reduction is ineffective in preventing transfusion transmission in humans. Accordingly, universal WBC reduction for the prevention of vCJD in Europe should continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios C Vamvakas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Room 3733, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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Tyshenko MG, ElSaadany S, Oraby T, Darshan S, Aspinall W, Cooke R, Catford A, Krewski D. Expert elicitation for the judgment of prion disease risk uncertainties. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2011; 74:261-285. [PMID: 21218351 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2011.529783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
There is a high level of uncertainty surrounding the potential for iatrogenic prion transmission through transplantation, medical instrument reuse, blood transfusion, and blood product use due to a lack of evidence-based research on this important risk issue. A group of specialists was enlisted to evaluate some of the knowledge gaps in this area using the "Classical Model," a structured elicitation procedure for weighting and pooling expert judgment. The elicitation exercise was undertaken in March 2009 with 11 transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) experts who were first calibrated using a series of seed questions for which the answers are known; they were then asked to answer a number of target questions that are important for risk assessment purposes, but for which there remains high uncertainty at this time. The target questions focused on variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) prevalence, incubation times for vCJD, genetic susceptibility to prion disease, blood infectivity, prion reduction of blood and blood products, surgical instrument risks, and interspecies transmission of TSEs. The experts were also asked to perform pairwise risk rankings for 12 different potential routes of infection. Dura mater transplantation was seen as having the highest risk, while dental tissue grafts were viewed as presenting the lowest risk of iatrogenic transmission. The structured elicitation procedure provides a rational, auditable, and repeatable basis for obtaining useful information on prion disease risk issues, for which data are sparse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Tyshenko
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) can be transmitted by transfusion. The risk depends on the number of infected donors in the community. An estimate of these numbers in a less genetically susceptible population, based on the epidemic seen so far, suggests a maximum of 300 more cases. From this, it is possible to predict a maximum of one transfusion acquired case in 3 years from plasma transfusion. Importation of plasma from outside the UK has been advocated to prevent these cases and would cost around £30 million per year. An alternative measure is to use the observed susceptibility and exposure to dietary vCJD by age, and to target low risk donors for the production of components such as fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and platelets. This will reduce the possible cases of plasma transfusion-acquired vCJD at little or no extra cost to the health service.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Wallis
- Department of Haematology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Krasemann S, Neumann M, Geissen M, Bodemer W, Kaup FJ, Schulz-Schaeffer W, Morel N, Aguzzi A, Glatzel M. Preclinical deposition of pathological prion protein in muscle of experimentally infected primates. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13906. [PMID: 21085647 PMCID: PMC2978702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are transmissible fatal neurodegenerative disorders affecting humans and animals. A central step in disease progression is the accumulation of a misfolded form (PrPSc) of the host encoded prion protein (PrPC) in neuronal and non-neuronal tissues. The involvement of peripheral tissues in preclinical states increases the risk of accidental transmission. On the other hand, detection of PrPSc in non-neuronal easy-accessible compartments such as muscle may offer a novel diagnostic tool. Primate models have proven invaluable to investigate prion diseases. We have studied the deposition of PrPSc in muscle and central nervous system of rhesus monkeys challenged with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD), variant CJD (vCJD) and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in preclinical and clinical stage using biochemical and morphological methods. Here, we show the preclinical presence of PrPSc in muscle and central nervous system of rhesus monkeys experimentally infected with vCJD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Krasemann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Neumann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Geissen
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Nathalie Morel
- CEA, IBitec-S, Service de Pharmacologie et dlmmunoanalyse, CEA/Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (AA); , (MG)
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (AA); , (MG)
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Panigaj M, Brouckova A, Glierova H, Dvorakova E, Simak J, Vostal JG, Holada K. Underestimation of the expression of cellular prion protein on human red blood cells. Transfusion 2010; 51:1012-21. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.02924.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bouakaze C, Eschbach J, Fouquerel E, Gasser I, Kieffer E, Krieger S, Milosevic S, Saandi T, Florentz C, Maréchal-Drouard L, Labouesse M. "OpenLAB": A 2-hour PCR-based practical for high school students. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION : A BIMONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 38:296-302. [PMID: 21567848 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.20408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The Strasbourg University PhD school in Life and Health Sciences launched an initiative called "OpenLAB." This project was developed in an effort to help high school teenagers understand theoretical and abstract concepts in genetics. A second objective of this program is to help students in defining their future orientation and to attract them to biology. The general idea is a 2-hour PCR-based practical that is developed around a fictitious criminal investigation. The practical is taught by PhD graduate students who bring all the required reagents and modern equipment into the classroom. Running the PCR provides free time dedicated to discussions with students about their future plans after the high school diploma. A specific website and a powerpoint presentation were developed to provide appropriate scientific information. Starting on a modest scale in Strasbourg in December 2008, "OpenLAB" was rapidly and well received all around, visiting 53 classes spread over a 200 km area in Alsace until May 2009. It permitted interactions with almost one thousand students in their last year of high school, with the prospect to visit 20% more classes this school year. Our experience, along with feedback from students and their teachers, suggests that it is possible to reach out to many students and have a strong impact with a rather limited budget.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bouakaze
- Ecole Doctorale des Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé (ED414), Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue de l'Université, F-67000 Strasbourg; Faculté de Médecine, 11 rue Humann, F-67000 STRASBOURG
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Deischl K, Habereder P, Hautmann W, Hellwig M, Ludwig M, Mitschek C, Nottenkämper-Gerth D, Schick M, Sing A, Wildner M, Zapf A. Schutz vor BSE. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2010; 53:589-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00103-010-1061-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Mathiason CK, Hayes-Klug J, Hays SA, Powers J, Osborn DA, Dahmes SJ, Miller KV, Warren RJ, Mason GL, Telling GC, Young AJ, Hoover EA. B cells and platelets harbor prion infectivity in the blood of deer infected with chronic wasting disease. J Virol 2010; 84:5097-107. [PMID: 20219916 PMCID: PMC2863796 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02169-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence for prion transmission via blood transfusion exists for many transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) diseases. Determining which cell phenotype(s) is responsible for trafficking infectivity has important implications for our understanding of the dissemination of prions, as well as their detection and elimination from blood products. We used bioassay studies of native white-tailed deer and transgenic cervidized mice to determine (i) if chronic wasting disease (CWD) blood infectivity is associated with the cellular versus the cell-free/plasma fraction of blood and (ii) in particular if B-cell (MAb 2-104(+)), platelet (CD41/61(+)), or CD14(+) monocyte blood cell phenotypes harbor infectious prions. All four deer transfused with the blood mononuclear cell fraction from CWD(+) donor deer became PrP(CWD) positive by 19 months postinoculation, whereas none of the four deer inoculated with cell-free plasma from the same source developed prion infection. All four of the deer injected with B cells and three of four deer receiving platelets from CWD(+) donor deer became PrP(CWD) positive in as little as 6 months postinoculation, whereas none of the four deer receiving blood CD14(+) monocytes developed evidence of CWD infection (immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis) after 19 months of observation. Results of the Tg(CerPrP) mouse bioassays mirrored those of the native cervid host. These results indicate that CWD blood infectivity is cell associated and suggest a significant role for B cells and platelets in trafficking CWD infectivity in vivo and support earlier tissue-based studies associating putative follicular B cells with PrP(CWD). Localization of CWD infectivity with leukocyte subpopulations may aid in enhancing the sensitivity of blood-based diagnostic assays for CWD and other TSEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace K. Mathiason
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, WASCO Inc., Monroe, Georgia, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota
| | - Jeanette Hayes-Klug
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, WASCO Inc., Monroe, Georgia, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota
| | - Sheila A. Hays
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, WASCO Inc., Monroe, Georgia, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota
| | - Jenny Powers
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, WASCO Inc., Monroe, Georgia, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota
| | - David A. Osborn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, WASCO Inc., Monroe, Georgia, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota
| | - Sallie J. Dahmes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, WASCO Inc., Monroe, Georgia, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota
| | - Karl V. Miller
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, WASCO Inc., Monroe, Georgia, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota
| | - Robert J. Warren
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, WASCO Inc., Monroe, Georgia, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota
| | - Gary L. Mason
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, WASCO Inc., Monroe, Georgia, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota
| | - Glenn C. Telling
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, WASCO Inc., Monroe, Georgia, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota
| | - Alan J. Young
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, WASCO Inc., Monroe, Georgia, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota
| | - Edward A. Hoover
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, WASCO Inc., Monroe, Georgia, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota
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Cahill MR, Murphy T, Khan M, Fagan J, Murphy WG. Phase I/II safety study of transfusion of prion-filtered red cell concentrates in transfusion-dependent patients. Vox Sang 2010; 99:174-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2010.01330.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Guntz P, Walter C, Schosseler P, Morel P, Coste J, Cazenave JP. Feasibility study of a screening assay that identifies the abnormal prion protein PrPTSE in plasma: initial results with 20,000 samples. Transfusion 2010; 50:989-95. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02569.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Stramer SL, Hollinger FB, Katz LM, Kleinman S, Metzel PS, Gregory KR, Dodd RY. Emerging infectious disease agents and their potential threat to transfusion safety. Transfusion 2009; 49 Suppl 2:1S-29S. [PMID: 19686562 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02279.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging infections have been identified as a continuing threat to human health. Many such infections are known to be transmissible by blood transfusion, while others have properties indicating this potential. There has been no comprehensive review of such infectious agents and their threat to transfusion recipient safety to date. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The members of AABB's Transfusion Transmitted Diseases Committee reviewed a large number of information sources in order to identify infectious agents with actual or potential risk of transfusion transmission now or in the future in the US or Canada; with few exceptions, these agents do not have available interventions to reduce the risk of such transmission. Using a group discussion and writing process, key characteristics of each agent were identified, researched, recorded and documented in standardized format. A group process was used to prioritize each agent on the basis of scientific/epidemiologic data and a subjective assessment of public perception and/or concern expressed by regulatory agencies. RESULTS Sixty-eight infectious agents were identified and are described in detail in a single Supplement to TRANSFUSION. Key information will also be provided in web-based form and updated as necessary. The highest priorities were assigned to Babesia species, Dengue virus, and vCJD. CONCLUSION The information is expected to support the needs of clinicians and transfusion medicine experts in the recognition and management of emerging infections among blood donors and blood recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Stramer
- Scientific Support Office, American Red Cross, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20877, USA.
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