1
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Albakri M, Tashkandi H, Zhou L. A Review of Advances in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization and the Potential Role of Notch2 Blockade. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720947146. [PMID: 32749152 PMCID: PMC7563033 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720947146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation can be a potential cure for
hematological malignancies and some nonhematologic diseases. Hematopoietic stem
and progenitor cells (HSPCs) collected from peripheral blood after mobilization
are the primary source to provide HSC transplantation. In most of the cases,
mobilization by the cytokine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor with
chemotherapy, and in some settings, with the CXC chemokine receptor type 4
antagonist plerixafor, can achieve high yield of hematopoietic progenitor cells
(HPCs). However, adequate mobilization is not always successful in a significant
portion of donors. Research is going on to find new agents or strategies to
increase HSC mobilization. Here, we briefly review the history of HSC
transplantation, current mobilization regimens, some of the novel agents that
are under investigation for clinical practice, and our recent findings from
animal studies regarding Notch and ligand interaction as potential targets for
HSPC mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwah Albakri
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hammad Tashkandi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA, USA
| | - Lan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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2
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Liu SQ, Grantham A, Landry C, Granda B, Chopra R, Chakravarthy S, Deutsch S, Vogel M, Russo K, Seiss K, Tschantz WR, Rejtar T, Ruddy DA, Hu T, Aardalen K, Wagner JP, Dranoff G, D'Alessio JA. A CRISPR Screen Reveals Resistance Mechanisms to CD3-Bispecific Antibody Therapy. Cancer Immunol Res 2020; 9:34-49. [PMID: 33177106 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CD3-bispecific antibodies represent an important therapeutic strategy in oncology. These molecules work by redirecting cytotoxic T cells to antigen-bearing tumor cells. Although CD3-bispecific antibodies have been developed for several clinical indications, cases of cancer-derived resistance are an emerging limitation to the more generalized application of these molecules. Here, we devised whole-genome CRISPR screens to identify cancer resistance mechanisms to CD3-bispecific antibodies across multiple targets and cancer types. By validating the screen hits, we found that deficiency in IFNγ signaling has a prominent role in cancer resistance. IFNγ functioned by stimulating the expression of T-cell killing-related molecules in a cell type-specific manner. By assessing resistance to the clinical CD3-bispecific antibody flotetuzumab, we identified core fucosylation as a critical pathway to regulate flotetuzumab binding to the CD123 antigen. Disruption of this pathway resulted in significant resistance to flotetuzumab treatment. Proper fucosylation of CD123 was required for its normal biological functions. In order to treat the resistance associated with fucosylation loss, flotetuzumab in combination with an alternative targeting CD3-bispecific antibody demonstrated superior efficacy. Together, our study reveals multiple mechanisms that can be targeted to enhance the clinical potential of current and future T-cell-engaging CD3-bispecific antibody therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Qi Liu
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Alyssa Grantham
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Casey Landry
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Brian Granda
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Rajiv Chopra
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Sabine Deutsch
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Vogel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katie Russo
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine Seiss
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Tomas Rejtar
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - David A Ruddy
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Tiancen Hu
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kimberly Aardalen
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Joel P Wagner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Glenn Dranoff
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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3
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Hong S, Sahai-Hernandez P, Chapla DG, Moremen KW, Traver D, Wu P. Direct Visualization of Live Zebrafish Glycans via Single-Step Metabolic Labeling with Fluorophore-Tagged Nucleotide Sugars. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14327-14333. [PMID: 31295389 PMCID: PMC6820142 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic turnover of cell-surface glycans is involved in a myriad of biological events, making this process an attractive target for in vivo molecular imaging. Metabolic glycan labeling coupled with bioorthogonal chemistry has paved the way for visualizing glycans in living organisms. However, a two-step labeling sequence is required, which suffers from the tissue-penetration difficulties of the imaging probes. Here, by exploring the substrate promiscuity of endogenous glycosyltransferases, we developed a single-step fluorescent glycan labeling strategy by using fluorophore-tagged analogues of the nucleotide sugars. Injecting fluorophore-tagged sialic acid and fucose into the yolk of zebrafish embryos at the one-cell stage enables systematic imaging of sialylation and fucosylation in live zebrafish embryos at distinct developmental stages. From these studies, we obtained insights into the role of sialylated and fucosylated glycans in zebrafish hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senlian Hong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Pankaj Sahai-Hernandez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | | | - Kelley W Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - David Traver
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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4
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Hong S, Sahai‐Hernandez P, Chapla DG, Moremen KW, Traver D, Wu P. Direct Visualization of Live Zebrafish Glycans via Single‐Step Metabolic Labeling with Fluorophore‐Tagged Nucleotide Sugars. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Senlian Hong
- Department of Molecular Medicine The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Pankaj Sahai‐Hernandez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California at San Diego La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | | | - Kelley W. Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - David Traver
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California at San Diego La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Molecular Medicine The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
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5
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Ascites from Ovarian Cancer Induces Novel Fucosylated Proteins. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2019; 12:181-195. [PMID: 31267484 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-019-00227-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is considered to be the most lethal type of gynecological cancer. During the advanced stages of ovarian cancer, an accumulation of ascites is observed. Fucosylation has been classified as an abnormal post-translational modification that is present in many diseases, including ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer cells that are cultured with ascites stimulation change their morphology; concomitantly, the fucosylation process is altered. However, it is not known which fucosylated proteins are modified. The goal of this work was to identify the differentially fucosylated proteins that are expressed by ovarian cancer cell lines that are cultured with ovarian cancer patients' ascites. Aleuria aurantia lectin was used to detect fucosylation, and some changes were observed, especially in the cell membrane. Affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) were used to identify 6 fucosylated proteins. Four proteins (Intermediate filament family orphan 1 [IFFO1], PHD finger protein 20-like protein 1 [PHF20L1], immunoglobulin gamma 1 heavy chain variable region partial [IGHV1-2], and Zinc finger protein 224 [ZNF224]) were obtained from cell cultures stimulated with ascites, and the other two proteins (Peregrin [BRPF1] and Dystrobrevin alpha [DTNA]) were obtained under normal culture conditions. The fucosylated state of some of these proteins was further analyzed. The experimental results show that the ascites of ovarian cancer patients modulated the fucosylation process. The PHD finger protein 20-like protein 1, Zinc finger protein 224 and Peregrin proteins colocalize with fucosylation at different levels.
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6
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Derakhshani M, Abbaszadeh H, Movassaghpour AA, Mehdizadeh A, Ebrahimi-Warkiani M, Yousefi M. Strategies for elevating hematopoietic stem cells expansion and engraftment capacity. Life Sci 2019; 232:116598. [PMID: 31247209 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a rare cell population in adult bone marrow, mobilized peripheral blood, and umbilical cord blood possessing self-renewal and differentiation capability into a full spectrum of blood cells. Bone marrow HSC transplantation has been considered as an ideal option for certain disorders treatment including hematologic diseases, leukemia, immunodeficiency, bone marrow failure syndrome, genetic defects such as thalassemia, sickle cell anemia, autoimmune disease, and certain solid cancers. Ex vivo proliferation of these cells prior to transplantation has been proposed as a potential solution against limited number of stem cells. In such culture process, MSCs have also been shown to exhibit high capacity for secretion of soluble mediators contributing to the principle biological and therapeutic activities of HSCs. In addition, endothelial cells have been introduced to bridge the blood and sub tissues in the bone marrow, as well as, HSCs regeneration induction and survival. Cell culture in the laboratory environment requires cell growth strict control to protect against contamination, symmetrical cell division and optimal conditions for maximum yield. In this regard, microfluidic systems provide culture and analysis capabilities in micro volume scales. Moreover, two-dimensional cultures cannot fully demonstrate extracellular matrix found in different tissues and organs as an abstract representation of three dimensional cell structure. Microfluidic systems can also strongly describe the effects of physical factors such as temperature and pressure on cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Derakhshani
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Abbaszadeh
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Movassaghpour
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Ebrahimi-Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University Technology of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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7
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Varshney S, Stanley P. Multiple roles for O-glycans in Notch signalling. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3819-3834. [PMID: 30207383 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Notch signalling regulates a plethora of developmental processes and is also essential for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis in adults. Therefore, fine-tuning of Notch signalling strength needs to be tightly regulated. Of key importance for the regulation of Notch signalling are O-fucose, O-GlcNAc and O-glucose glycans attached to the extracellular domain of Notch receptors. The EGF repeats of the Notch receptor extracellular domain harbour consensus sites for addition of the different types of O-glycan to Ser or Thr, which takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum. Studies from Drosophila to mammals have demonstrated the multifaceted roles of O-glycosylation in regulating Notch signalling. O-glycosylation modulates different aspects of Notch signalling including recognition by Notch ligands, the strength of ligand binding, Notch receptor trafficking, stability and activation at the cell surface. Defects in O-glycosylation of Notch receptors give rise to pathologies in humans. This Review summarizes the nature of the O-glycans on Notch receptors and their differential effects on Notch signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Varshney
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pamela Stanley
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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8
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Wang W, Zimmerman G, Huang X, Yu S, Myers J, Wang Y, Moreton S, Nthale J, Awadallah A, Beck R, Xin W, Wald D, Huang AY, Zhou L. Aberrant Notch Signaling in the Bone Marrow Microenvironment of Acute Lymphoid Leukemia Suppresses Osteoblast-Mediated Support of Hematopoietic Niche Function. Cancer Res 2016; 76:1641-52. [PMID: 26801976 PMCID: PMC4794354 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
More than half of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) patients harbor gain-of-function mutations in the intracellular domain of Notch1. Diffuse infiltration of the bone marrow commonly occurs in T-ALL and relapsed B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients, and is associated with worse prognosis. However, the mechanism of leukemia outgrowth in the marrow and the resulting biologic impact on hematopoiesis are poorly understood. Here, we investigated targetable cellular and molecular abnormalities in leukemia marrow stroma responsible for the suppression of normal hematopoiesis using a T-ALL mouse model and human T-ALL xenografts. We found that actively proliferating leukemia cells inhibited normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) proliferation and homing to the perivascular region. In addition, leukemia development was accompanied by the suppression of the endosteum-lining osteoblast population. We further demonstrated that aberrant Notch activation in the stroma plays an important role in negatively regulating the expression of CXLC12 on osteoblasts and their differentiation. Notch blockade reversed attenuated HSPC cycling, leukemia-associated abnormal blood lineage distribution, and thrombocytopenia as well as recovered osteoblast and HSPC abundance and improved the hematopoietic-supportive functions of osteoblasts. Finally, we confirmed that reduced osteoblast frequency and enhanced Notch signaling were also features of the marrow stroma of human ALL tissues. Collectively, our findings suggest that therapeutically targeting the leukemia-infiltrated hematopoietic niche may restore HSPC homeostasis and improve the outcome of ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Grant Zimmerman
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Xiaoran Huang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Shuiliang Yu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jay Myers
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Stephen Moreton
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Joseph Nthale
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Amad Awadallah
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Rose Beck
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Wei Xin
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - David Wald
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Alex Y Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Lan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.
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9
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Lau E, Feng Y, Claps G, Fukuda MN, Perlina A, Donn D, Jilaveanu L, Kluger H, Freeze HH, Ronai ZA. The transcription factor ATF2 promotes melanoma metastasis by suppressing protein fucosylation. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra124. [PMID: 26645581 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aac6479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most lethal skin cancers worldwide, primarily because of its propensity to metastasize. Thus, the elucidation of mechanisms that govern metastatic propensity is urgently needed. We found that protein kinase Cε (PKCε)-mediated activation of activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) controls the migratory and invasive behaviors of melanoma cells. PKCε-dependent phosphorylation of ATF2 promoted its transcriptional repression of the gene encoding fucokinase (FUK), which mediates the fucose salvage pathway and thus global cellular protein fucosylation. In primary melanocytes and cell lines representing early-stage melanoma, the abundance of PKCε-phosphorylated ATF2 was low, thereby enabling the expression of FUK and cellular protein fucosylation, which promoted cellular adhesion and reduced motility. In contrast, increased expression of the gene encoding PKCε and abundance of phosphorylated, transcriptionally active ATF2 were observed in advanced-stage melanomas and correlated with decreased FUK expression, decreased cellular protein fucosylation, attenuated cell adhesion, and increased cell motility. Restoring fucosylation in mice either by dietary fucose supplementation or by genetic manipulation of murine Fuk expression attenuated primary melanoma growth, increased the number of intratumoral natural killer cells, and decreased distal metastasis in murine isograft models. Tumor microarray analysis of human melanoma specimens confirmed reduced fucosylation in metastatic tumors and a better prognosis for primary melanomas that had high abundance of fucosylation. Thus, inhibiting PKCε or ATF2 or increasing protein fucosylation in tumor cells may improve clinical outcome in melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lau
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Yongmei Feng
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Giuseppina Claps
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michiko N Fukuda
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ally Perlina
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Dylan Donn
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lucia Jilaveanu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Harriet Kluger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Hudson H Freeze
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ze'ev A Ronai
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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10
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Yang Y, Ma T, Ge J, Quan X, Yang L, Zhu S, Huang L, Liu Z, Liu L, Geng D, Huang J, Luo Z. Facilitated Neural Differentiation of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells by Electrical Stimulation and Nurr-1 Gene Transduction. Cell Transplant 2015; 25:1265-76. [PMID: 26337634 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x688957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuron-like cells derived from adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been considered one of the most promising cells for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and neurotrauma in the central nervous system (CNS). Thus far, extensive efforts have been made to facilitate neuronal differentiation of ADSCs, but limited progress has been achieved. In the present study, we tested the possibility of using a combination of electrical stimulation (ES) with Nurr-1 gene transduction to promote neuronal differentiation of ADSCs. The tolerance of ADSCs to ES was first examined by a cell apoptosis assay. The proliferation of cells was characterized using a CCK-8 assay. The morphology of cells was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The differentiation of ADSCs into neuron-like cells was examined by immunocytochemistry (ICC)-immunofluorescence staining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blotting, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The gene expression of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2), β-tubulin, neurofilament 200 (NF-200), octamer binding transcription factor 4 (OCT-4), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) after stimulation was examined by qRT-PCR. We found that the optimal intensity of ES for neuronal differentiation of ADSCs was 1 V/cm. In addition, ES combined with Nurr-1 gene transduction increased the neuronal differentiation rate of ADSCs, the length of neurite-like processes, and the secretion of dopamine. Further studies showed that a combination of ES with Nurr-1 gene transduction was capable of promoting the expression of MAP-2, β-tubulin, and NF-200 but decreased the expression of OCT-4 and GFAP. All of these findings indicate that a combination of ES with Nurr-1 gene transduction could facilitate neuronal differentiation of ADSCs, which raises the possibility of its application in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and neurotrauma in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Yang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
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11
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Abstract
In this issue of Blood, Parmar et al report on preclinical data suggesting that use of ex vivo fucosylated third-party human regulatory T cells (Tregs) could be an effective strategy for prevention of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).
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12
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Wang W, Yu S, Zimmerman G, Wang Y, Myers J, Yu VWC, Huang D, Huang X, Shim J, Huang Y, Xin W, Qiao P, Yan M, Xin W, Scadden DT, Stanley P, Lowe JB, Huang AY, Siebel CW, Zhou L. Notch Receptor-Ligand Engagement Maintains Hematopoietic Stem Cell Quiescence and Niche Retention. Stem Cells 2015; 33:2280-93. [PMID: 25851125 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Notch is long recognized as a signaling molecule important for stem cell self-renewal and fate determination. Here, we reveal a novel adhesive role of Notch-ligand engagement in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Using mice with conditional loss of O-fucosylglycans on Notch EGF-like repeats important for the binding of Notch ligands, we report that HSPCs with faulty ligand binding ability display enhanced cycling accompanied by increased egress from the marrow, a phenotype mainly attributed to their reduced adhesion to Notch ligand-expressing stromal cells and osteoblastic cells and their altered occupation in osteoblastic niches. Adhesion to Notch ligand-bearing osteoblastic or stromal cells inhibits wild type but not O-fucosylglycan-deficient HSPC cycling, independent of RBP-JK -mediated canonical Notch signaling. Furthermore, Notch-ligand neutralizing antibodies induce RBP-JK -independent HSPC egress and enhanced HSPC mobilization. We, therefore, conclude that Notch receptor-ligand engagement controls HSPC quiescence and retention in the marrow niche that is dependent on O-fucosylglycans on Notch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shuiliang Yu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Grant Zimmerman
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jay Myers
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Vionnie W C Yu
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaoran Huang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeongsup Shim
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yuanshuai Huang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - William Xin
- University School, Hunting Valley, Ohio, USA
| | - Peter Qiao
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Minhong Yan
- Department of Molecular Biology Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Wei Xin
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - David T Scadden
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pamela Stanley
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - John B Lowe
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alex Y Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Christian W Siebel
- Department of Molecular Biology Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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13
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Physiologic corticosterone oscillations regulate murine hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell proliferation and CXCL12 expression by bone marrow stromal progenitors. Leukemia 2013; 27:2006-15. [PMID: 23680895 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of corticosterone (Cort), the immune system's major stress hormone, in the regulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and their dynamic bone marrow (BM) microenvironment is currently unknown. We report that corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 (CRFR1) mutant mice with chronically low Cort levels showed aberrant HSPC regulation, having higher HSPC numbers and upregulation of the chemokine CXCL12, phenotypes that were restored by Cort supplementation. Expanded stromal progenitors known to support HSPCs were also observed in these low-Cort-containing mice. A similar phenotype was induced in wild-type (WT) mice by Metyrapone, a Cort synthesis inhibitor. Conversely, high Cort exposure induced HSPC apoptosis, reduced long-term BM repopulation and decreased stromal progenitor cell numbers. We documented circadian oscillations of Cort in WT BM but not in CRFR1 mutant mice, leading to diminished circadian BM CXCL12 fluctuations and increased number of circulating HSPCs in these mice. Finally, low Cort induced expansion of stromal progenitors, CXCL12 expression, HSPC proliferation and BM repopulation capacity, involving Notch1 signaling. This was associated with upregulation of the Notch ligand, Jagged1, in BM myeloid cells. Our results suggest that daily physiologic Cort oscillations are critical for balanced HSPC proliferation and function involving Notch1 signaling and their supportive BM microenvironment.
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Huang AY, Haining WN, Barkauskas DS, Myers JT, Petrosiute A, Garrett AP, Singh K, Cooke KR, Kean LS. Viewing transplantation immunology through today's lens: new models, new imaging, and new insights. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2013; 19:S44-51. [PMID: 23092813 PMCID: PMC4437564 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2012.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Y. Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - W. Nicholas Haining
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Jay T. Myers
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Agne Petrosiute
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Aneesah P. Garrett
- Department of Surgery, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Karnail Singh
- Department of Surgery, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kenneth R. Cooke
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Leslie S. Kean
- Department of Surgery, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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Myeloproliferation and hematopoietic stem cell dysfunction due to defective Notch receptor modification by O-fucose glycans. Semin Immunopathol 2012; 34:455-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s00281-012-0303-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (Pofut1) regulates lymphoid and myeloid homeostasis through modulation of Notch receptor ligand interactions. Blood 2011; 117:5652-62. [PMID: 21464368 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-12-326074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is essential for lymphocyte development and is also implicated in myelopoiesis. Notch receptors are modified by O-fucosylation catalyzed by protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (Pofut1). Fringe enzymes add N-acetylglucosamine to O-fucose and modify Notch signaling by altering the sensitivity of Notch receptors to Notch ligands. To address physiologic functions in hematopoiesis of Notch modified by O-fucose glycans, we examined mice with inducible inactivation of Pofut1 using Mx-Cre. These mice exhibited a reduction in T lymphopoiesis and in the production of marginal-zone B cells, in addition to myeloid hyperplasia. Restoration of Notch1 signaling rescued T lymphopoiesis and the marrow myeloid hyperplasia. After marrow transfer, both cell-autonomous and environmental cues were found to contribute to lymphoid developmental defects and myeloid hyperplasia in Pofut1-deleted mice. Although Pofut1 deficiency slightly decreased cell surface expression of Notch1 and Notch2, it completely abrogated the binding of Notch receptors with Delta-like Notch ligands and suppressed downstream Notch target activation, indicating that O-fucose glycans are critical for efficient Notch-ligand binding that transduce Notch signals. The combined data support a key role for the O-fucose glycans generated by Pofut1 in Notch regulation of hematopoietic homeostasis through modulation of Notch-ligand interactions.
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