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Li X, Li M, Wang Y, Duan S, Wang H, Li Y, Cai Z, Wang R, Gao S, Qu Y, Wang T, Cheng F, Liu T. The development and application of a novel reagent for fixing red blood cells with glutaraldehyde and paraformaldehyde. Hematology 2023; 28:2204612. [PMID: 37114668 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2023.2204612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The currently employed red blood cell reagents have a short shelf life. Some hospitals with a small number of specimens will be unable to utilize them within the validity period, resulting in a substantial increase in the purchase price. Therefore, the method of developing long-term red blood cell reagents is a problem worthy of further study. METHODS In this experiment, the type and concentration of the red blood cell reagent treatment solution were evaluated based on the red blood cell antigen concentration 24 h after treatment. In addition, the qualified glutaraldehyde/paraformaldehyde reagent was stored for six months, and five red blood cell indices were measured every month. At the same time, the detection indices of treated red blood cell reagents and untreated red blood cell reagents were compared. RESULTS It was discovered that treated red blood cells containing 0.005% GA and 0.05% PFA were more suitable for the preservation of red blood cells than other treated concentrations, and the preservation time could reach six months. The test tube method (n = 24) and microcolumn gel card (n = 35) were used to determine the accuracy of the treated blood cells containing 0.005% glutaraldehyde +0.05% paraformaldehyde, with an accuracy of 100%. CONCLUSION This experiment resulted in the development of a novel reagent for treating red blood cells with glutaraldehyde/paraformaldehyde fixed solution that can effectively prolong its storage time by two to three times that of red blood cell reagents currently on the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Miyang Li
- Department of Laboratory, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Population life science and technology research institute in Jilin province, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengbao Duan
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Li
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghe Cai
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Population life science and technology research institute in Jilin province, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiyao Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Population life science and technology research institute in Jilin province, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Population life science and technology research institute in Jilin province, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Qu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Population life science and technology research institute in Jilin province, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxia Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Population life science and technology research institute in Jilin province, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Cheng
- Department of Laboratory,Population life science and technology research institute in Jilin province, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiemei Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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Hutchison CJ, Srivastava K, Polin H, Bueno MU, Flegel WA. Rh flow cytometry: An updated methodology for D antigen density applied to weak D types 164 and 165. Transfusion 2023; 63:2141-2151. [PMID: 37792462 PMCID: PMC10680490 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An original methodology for determining the D antigen density on red cells was published in 2000 and has been applied in many publications since. This flow cytometry-based assay remained largely unrevised utilizing monoclonal anti-Ds that are not readily available anymore. We updated the methodology to quantify erythrocyte D antigen sites using microspheres and monoclonal anti-Ds that are commercially available today. METHODS The absolute D antigen density of a frozen standard CcDEe cell, drawn in 2003, a fresh blood donation from the same individual, drawn in 2022, and an internal control CcDEe cell, was quantified by flow cytometry using fluorescence-labeled microspheres. The internal control CcDEe cell was used in conjunction with 9 commercial anti-Ds to determine D antigen densities of 7 normal D, 4 partial D, and 11 weak D type samples, including 2 novel alleles. RESULTS The reproducibility of the updated assay was evaluated with red cells of published D antigen densities. The current results matched the known ones closely. The new weak D types 164 and 165 carried 4500 and 1505 D antigens/red cell, respectively. The absolute D antigen density decreased from 27,231 to 26,037 in an individual over 19 years. DISCUSSION The updated assay gave highly reproducible results for the D antigen densities of Rh phenotypes. Readily available anti-Ds allowed for the determination of the D antigen densities of 7 weak D types. The assay is suitable to evaluate the effects of distinct amino acid substitutions on the RhD phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Jayne Hutchison
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kshitij Srivastava
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Helene Polin
- Department of Immunogenetics, Red Cross Transfusion Service for Upper Austria, Linz, Austria
| | - Marina Ursula Bueno
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Willy Albert Flegel
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Mok MY, Luo CY, Huang FP, Kong WY, Chan GCF. IL-33 Orchestrated the Interaction and Immunoregulatory Functions of Alternatively Activated Macrophages and Regulatory T Cells In Vitro. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:1134-1143. [PMID: 37566486 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Our group has previously demonstrated elevated serum-soluble ST2 in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus, suggesting a role of IL-33 in the underlying pathogenesis. However, inconsistent results have been reported on the effect of exogenous IL-33 on murine lupus activity, which may be mediated by concerted actions of various immune cells in vivo. This study aimed to examine the function of IL-33 on macrophage polarization and regulatory T cells (Treg) and their interactive effects in the lupus setting by in vitro coculture experiments of macrophages and T cells that were performed in the presence or absence of IL-33-containing medium. Compared to IL-4-polarized bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) from MRL/MpJ mice, adding IL-33 enhanced mRNA expression of markers of alternatively activated macrophages, including CD206 and Arg1. IL-33 and IL-4 copolarized BMDM produced higher TGF-β but not IL-6 upon inflammatory challenge. These BMDM induced an increase in the Foxp3+CD25+ Treg population in cocultured allogeneic T cells from MRL/MpJ and predisease MRL/lpr mice. These copolarized BMDM also showed an enhanced suppressive effect on T cell proliferation with reduced IFN-γ and IL-17 release but increased TGF-β production. In the presence of TGF-β and IL-2, IL-33 also directly promoted inducible Treg that expressed a high level of CD25 and more sustained Foxp3. Unpolarized BMDM cocultured with these Treg displayed higher phagocytosis. In conclusion, TGF-β was identified as a key cytokine produced by IL-4 and IL-33 copolarized alternatively activated macrophages and the induced Treg, which may contribute to a positive feedback loop potentiating the immunoregulatory functions of IL-33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Yin Mok
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cai Yun Luo
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fang Ping Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing Yin Kong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Godfrey Chi Fung Chan
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Wang Y, Khalenkov A, Scott DE. An optimized microplate-based method to evaluate complement-dependent hemolysis mediated by intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG). Biologicals 2022; 78:1-9. [PMID: 35842374 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemolytic reactions can cause serious complications after administration of Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG), due to passive transfer of anti-A and anti-B IgG antibodies (isoagglutinins). A maximum allowable amount of isoagglutinins is established in the US and EU for licensed IVIG, as measured by a specified direct hemagglutination test (DHAT). Despite this limit, reports of hemolysis have increased over time, raising the question of how well the DHAT predicts clinically significant hemolysis. This study was undertaken to develop a microplate-based complement-dependent hemolysis assay (CDHA) that reproducibly measures functional hemolytic activity of IVIG, for assessment of IVIG products. An IVIG working reference reagent (NIBSC 14/160) was qualified as an assay control and for quantitation purposes. Hemolytic activities of 36 IVIG product lots encompassing seven brands and including 6 clinically hemolytic lots were measured. Hemolytic activity varied among IVIG product brands, and to a lesser extent, from lot-to-lot for individual brands. Correlation between the CDHA and DHAT was not robust which may reflect imprecision of the DHAT method or additional variables that influence complement-dependent hemolysis after opsonization. In conclusion, the CDHA provides a simple, specific, and sensitive tool for IVIG product characterization and investigation of hemolytic events by manufacturers, researchers, and regulatory authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Wang
- Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Alexey Khalenkov
- Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Dorothy E Scott
- Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
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Eades B. Freezing and recovering rare red blood cells using liquid nitrogen. Immunohematology 2021; 37:157-159. [PMID: 34964316 DOI: 10.21307/immunohematology-2021-025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Rare red blood cells (RBCs) can be used to resolve reactivity in antibody identification or compatibility testing. Because these RBCs are usually not readily available, when identified in donors or patients, a quick and easy method for long-term storage is needed. By freezing in liquid nitrogen, injury to the RBCs is prevented, and rendering them usable for testing takes only a few washes. Rare red blood cells (RBCs) can be used to resolve reactivity in antibody identification or compatibility testing. Because these RBCs are usually not readily available, when identified in donors or patients, a quick and easy method for long-term storage is needed. By freezing in liquid nitrogen, injury to the RBCs is prevented, and rendering them usable for testing takes only a few washes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Eades
- Immunohematology Reference Laboratory Manager, American Red Cross Biomedical Services , Mid-Atlantic Region, 611 West Brambleton Avenue , Norfolk, VA 23510
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Ma Y, Gao L, Tian Y, Chen P, Yang J, Zhang L. Advanced biomaterials in cell preservation: Hypothermic preservation and cryopreservation. Acta Biomater 2021; 131:97-116. [PMID: 34242810 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based medicine has made great advances in clinical diagnosis and therapy for various refractory diseases, inducing a growing demand for cell preservation as support technology. However, the bottleneck problems in cell preservation include low efficiency and poor biocompatibility of traditional protectants. In this review, cell preservation technologies are categorized according to storage conditions: hypothermic preservation at 1 °C~35 °C to maintain short-term cell viability that is useful in cell diagnosis and transport, while cryopreservation at -196 °C~-80 °C to maintain long-term cell viability that provides opportunities for therapeutic cell product storage. Firstly, the background and developmental history of the protectants used in the two preservation technologies are briefly introduced. Secondly, the progress in different cellular protection mechanisms for advanced biomaterials are discussed in two preservation technologies. In hypothermic preservation, the hypothermia-induced and extracellular matrix-loss injuries to cells are comprehensively summarized, as well as the recent biomaterials dependent on regulation of cellular ATP level, stabilization of cellular membrane, balance of antioxidant defense system, and supply of mimetic ECM to prolong cell longevity are provided. In cryopreservation, cellular injuries and advanced biomaterials that can protect cells from osmotic or ice injury, and alleviate oxidative stress to allow cell survival are concluded. Last, an insight into the perspectives and challenges of this technology is provided. We envision advanced biocompatible materials for highly efficient cell preservation as critical in future developments and trends to support cell-based medicine. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Cell preservation technologies present a critical role in cell-based applications, and more efficient biocompatible protectants are highly required. This review categorizes cell preservation technologies into hypothermic preservation and cryopreservation according to their storage conditions, and comprehensively reviews the recently advanced biomaterials related. The background, development, and cellular protective mechanisms of these two preservation technologies are respectively introduced and summarized. Moreover, the differences, connections, individual demands of these two technologies are also provided and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Ma
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China; Frontier Technology Research Institute, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China; Frontier Technology Research Institute, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Yunqing Tian
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China; Frontier Technology Research Institute, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Pengguang Chen
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China; Frontier Technology Research Institute, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China; Frontier Technology Research Institute, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China; Frontier Technology Research Institute, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
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7
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Flegel WA, Srivastava K. When recombinant proteins can replace rare red cells in immunohematology workups. Transfusion 2021; 61:2204-2212. [PMID: 34060094 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Willy A Flegel
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kshitij Srivastava
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Gorka M, Cherepanov DA, Semenov AY, Golbeck JH. Control of electron transfer by protein dynamics in photosynthetic reaction centers. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 55:425-468. [PMID: 32883115 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1810623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Trehalose and glycerol are low molecular mass sugars/polyols that have found widespread use in the protection of native protein states, in both short- and long-term storage of biological materials, and as a means of understanding protein dynamics. These myriad uses are often attributed to their ability to form an amorphous glassy matrix. In glycerol, the glass is formed only at cryogenic temperatures, while in trehalose, the glass is formed at room temperature, but only upon dehydration of the sample. While much work has been carried out to elucidate a mechanistic view of how each of these matrices interact with proteins to provide stability, rarely have the effects of these two independent systems been directly compared to each other. This review aims to compile decades of research on how different glassy matrices affect two types of photosynthetic proteins: (i) the Type II bacterial reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides and (ii) the Type I Photosystem I reaction center from cyanobacteria. By comparing aggregate data on electron transfer, protein structure, and protein dynamics, it appears that the effects of these two distinct matrices are remarkably similar. Both seem to cause a "tightening" of the solvation shell when in a glassy state, resulting in severely restricted conformational mobility of the protein and associated water molecules. Thus, trehalose appears to be able to mimic, at room temperature, nearly all of the effects on protein dynamics observed in low temperature glycerol glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gorka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Dmitry A Cherepanov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Yu Semenov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - John H Golbeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Chen JY, Galwankar NS, Emch HN, Menon SS, Cortes C, Thurman JM, Merrill SA, Brodsky RA, Ferreira VP. Properdin Is a Key Player in Lysis of Red Blood Cells and Complement Activation on Endothelial Cells in Hemolytic Anemias Caused by Complement Dysregulation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1460. [PMID: 32793201 PMCID: PMC7387411 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system alternative pathway (AP) can be activated excessively in inflammatory diseases, particularly when there is defective complement regulation. For instance, deficiency in complement regulators CD55 and CD59, leads to paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), whereas Factor H mutations predispose to atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), both causing severe thrombohemolysis. Despite eculizumab being the treatment for these diseases, benefits vary considerably among patients. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in complement regulation is essential for developing new treatments. Properdin, the positive AP regulator, is essential for complement amplification by stabilizing enzymatic convertases. In this study, the role of properdin in red blood cell (RBC) lysis and endothelial cell opsonization in these AP-mediated diseases was addressed by developing in vitro assays using PNH patient RBCs and human primary endothelial cells, where the effects of inhibiting properdin, using novel monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) that we generated and characterized, were compared to other complement inhibitors. In in vitro models of PNH, properdin inhibition prevented hemolysis of patient PNH type II and III RBCs more than inhibition of Factor B, C3, and C5 (>17-fold, or >81-fold, or >12-fold lower molar IC90 values, respectively). When tested in an in vitro aHUS hemolysis model, the anti-properdin MoAbs had 11-fold, and 86-fold lower molar IC90 values than inhibition of Factor B, or C3, respectively (P < 0.0001). When comparing target/inhibitor ratios in all hemolysis assays, inhibiting properdin was at least as efficient as the other complement inhibitors in most cases. In addition, using in vitro endothelial cell assays, the data indicate a critical novel role for properdin in promoting complement activation on human endothelial cells exposed to heme (a hemolysis by-product) and rH19-20 (to inhibit Factor H cell-surface protection), as occurs in aHUS. Inhibition of properdin or C3 in this system significantly reduced C3 fragment deposition by 75%. Altogether, the data indicate properdin is key in promoting RBC lysis and complement activation on human endothelial cells, contributing to the understanding of PNH and aHUS pathogenesis. Further studies to determine therapeutic values of inhibiting properdin in complement-mediated diseases, in particular those that are characterized by AP dysregulation, are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Y Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Neeti S Galwankar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Heather N Emch
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Smrithi S Menon
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Claudio Cortes
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Joshua M Thurman
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Samuel A Merrill
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Robert A Brodsky
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Viviana P Ferreira
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
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Byrne KM, Paige TD, Flegel WA. An outcome-based review of an accredited Specialist in Blood Banking (SBB) program: 25 years and counting. Immunohematology 2020; 36:7-13. [PMID: 32324039 PMCID: PMC7219471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
CONCLUSIONS Specialist in Blood Banking (SBB) programs play an important role in preparing technologists to become leaders and contributors to the field of transfusion medicine through dedicated education and training. The SBB program at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center has graduated 55 students since 1994 with an overall pass rate of 96 percent for the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) SBB examination. Graduates hold positions in a variety of transfusion medicine-related fields, with hospitals, blood centers, and Immunohematology Reference Laboratories being the most common categories of employer. Projects completed as part of the program added to transfusion medicine knowledge as evidenced by publications and awards. Almost half of all projects completed led to publications (49%), and greater than 50 percent of submissions have been selected for the AABB Future Leaders Scholarship (previously known as AABB Fenwal Scholarship Award). The students have completed over 40 program value-added opportunities. This information was available for retrieval and review. In this review, we analyzed data for the last 25 years from the SBB program at the NIH Clinical Center on program statistics, student accomplishments (such as publications in peer-reviewed journals), program value-added opportunities (such as other publications and audits performed with our Quality Assurance office), and job procurement. The collected, reviewed, and organized data provided a useful internal self-assessment to review the history of our program and head into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Byrne
- Education Coordinator, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health
| | - Traci D Paige
- Supervisor, Transfusion Services Laboratory, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health
| | - Willy A Flegel
- Laboratory Services Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health
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Lumefantrine and o-choline - Parasite metabolism specific drug molecules inhibited in vitro growth of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in MASP culture system. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2019; 10:568-574. [PMID: 30733146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Theileria equi and Babesia caballi are tick-borne apicomplexan haemoprotozoan parasites of equines and are responsible for considerable economic losses to stakeholders. Chemotherapeutic drugs that are available not only require multiple dosages but also prompt multiple organ toxicity in treated host though incapable of clearing parasitaemia completely. In this study, we have screened the in vitro inhibitory efficacy of four different drug molecules (o-choline, DABCO®, lumefantrine and eugenol) against T. equi and B. caballi, targeting different parasite metabolism pathways. Imidocarb dipropionate and diminazene aceturate were used as reference control drugs. The 50% in vitro growth inhibitory concentration (IC50) of lumefantrine, o-choline, DABCO® and eugenol for T. equi were: 30.90 μM; 84.38 μM; 443 μM; 120 μM and for B. caballi growth inhibition were: 5.58 μM; 135.29 μM; 150 μM; 197.05 μM, respectively. Imidocarb dipropionate inhibited the in vitro growth of T. equi at IC50 of 257.5 nM, while diminazene aceturate inhibited the in vitro growth of B. caballi at IC50 of 22 nM. DABCO® and eugenol were not so effective in inhibiting the in vitro growth of T. equi and B. caballi, while lumefantrine and o-choline significantly (p ≤ 0.05) inhibited the in vitro growth of these piroplasms targeting haem digestion and parasite membrane phospholipid synthesis.
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Avlasevich SL, Torous DK, Bemis JC, Bhalli JA, Tebbe CC, Noteboom J, Thomas D, Roberts DJ, Barragato M, Schneider B, Prattico J, Richardson M, Gollapudi BB, Dertinger SD. Suitability of Long-Term Frozen Rat Blood Samples for the Interrogation of Pig-a Gene Mutation by Flow Cytometry. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2019; 60:47-55. [PMID: 30264522 DOI: 10.1002/em.22249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The rodent blood Pig-a assay has been undergoing international validation for use as an in vivo hematopoietic cell gene mutation assay, and given the promising results an Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Test Guideline is currently under development. Enthusiasm for the assay stems in part from its alignment with 3Rs principles permitting combination with other genotoxicity endpoint(s) and integration into repeat-dose toxicology studies. One logistical requirement and experimental design limitation has been that blood samples required antibody labeling and flow cytometric analysis within one week of collection. In the current report, we describe the performance of freeze-thaw reagents that enable storage and subsequent labeling and analysis of rat blood samples for at least seven months. Data generated from three laboratories are presented that demonstrate rat erythrocyte recoveries in the range of 80-90%. Despite some loss of erythrocytes, Pearson coefficients and Bland-Altman analyses based on fresh blood vs. frozen/thawed matched pairs indicate that mutant cell and reticulocyte frequencies are not significantly affected, as the measurements are highly correlated and exhibit low bias. Collectively, these data support the effectiveness and suitability of a freeze-thaw procedure that endows the assay with several new advantageous characteristics that include: flexibility in scheduling personnel/instrumentation; reliability when shipping samples from in-life facilities to analytical sites; 3Rs-friendly, as blood from positive control animals can be stored frozen to serve as analytical controls; and ability to defer a decision to generate Pig-a data until more toxicological information becomes available on a test substance. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:47-55, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Anliker M, Schmidt CQ, Harder MJ, Ganchev G, von Zabern I, Höchsmann B, Schrezenmeier H, Weinstock C. Complement activation by human red blood cell antibodies: hemolytic potential of antibodies and efficacy of complement inhibitors assessed by a sensitive flow cytometric assay. Transfusion 2018; 58:2992-3002. [PMID: 30367826 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic intervention strategies in complement-mediated hemolytic diseases are still inappropriate, and lethal events cannot be reliably prevented. As an in vitro model of intravascular hemolysis, a sensitive flow cytometric assay was designed using red blood cells (RBCs) of patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) as target cells. Complement activation by human allo- and autoantibodies directed against RBC antigens and the effect of different complement inhibitors were studied. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS RBCs of patients with a PNH III RBC clone of more than 20% were coated with different human allo- or autoantibodies. Hemolysis was initiated with pooled normal human AB serum with or without the addition of complement inhibitors. Loss of PNH III RBCs was estimated by flow cytometry. RESULTS RBC antibodies of 174 different patients representing 37 different specificities were tested for their potency to activate complement. In correlation with blood group specificities roughly three different patterns were observed: 1) strong and regular, 2) sporadic, and 3) weak or absent complement activation. Remarkably strong complement activators were among antibodies directed against high-prevalence blood group antigens. The C5 inhibitor eculizumab abrogated mild but not strong complement activation, even in presence of excess inhibitor. However, this residual complement activity could be further depressed by combining eculizumab with other inhibitors. CONCLUSION The PNH hemolysis assay offers a sensitive tool for in vitro analyses of classical pathway-mediated complement activation. The recognition of additive effects of complement inhibitors may guide novel intervention strategies against unwanted complement damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Anliker
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen and University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.,Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics (ZIMCL), University Hospital Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Q Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus J Harder
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Georgi Ganchev
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen and University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Inge von Zabern
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen and University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Britta Höchsmann
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen and University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen and University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christof Weinstock
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen and University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
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Bizjak DA, Jungen P, Bloch W, Grau M. Cryopreservation of red blood cells: Effect on rheologic properties and associated metabolic and nitric oxide related parameters. Cryobiology 2018; 84:59-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Mock DM, Nalbant D, Kyosseva SV, Schmidt RL, An G, Matthews NI, Vlaar APJ, van Bruggen R, de Korte D, Strauss RG, Cancelas JA, Franco RS, Veng-Pedersen P, Widness JA. Development, validation, and potential applications of biotinylated red blood cells for posttransfusion kinetics and other physiological studies: evidenced-based analysis and recommendations. Transfusion 2018; 58:2068-2081. [PMID: 29770455 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The current reference method in the United States for measuring in vivo population red blood cell (RBC) kinetics utilizes chromium-51 (51 Cr) RBC labeling for determining RBC volume, 24-hour posttransfusion RBC recovery, and long-term RBC survival. Here we provide evidence supporting adoption of a method for kinetics that uses the biotin-labeled RBCs (BioRBCs) as a superior, versatile method for both regulatory and investigational purposes. RBC kinetic analysis using BioRBCs has important methodologic, analytical, and safety advantages over 51 Cr-labeled RBCs. We critically review recent advances in labeling human RBCs at multiple and progressively lower biotin label densities for concurrent, accurate, and sensitive determination of both autologous and allogeneic RBC population kinetics. BioRBC methods valid for RBC kinetic studies, including successful variations used by the authors, are presented along with pharmacokinetic modeling approaches for the accurate determination of RBC pharmacokinetic variables in health and disease. The advantages and limitations of the BioRBC method-including its capability of determining multiple BioRBC densities simultaneously in the same individual throughout the entire RBC life span-are presented and compared with the 51 Cr method. Finally, potential applications and limitations of kinetic BioRBC determinations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald M Mock
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Demet Nalbant
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Svetlana V Kyosseva
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Robert L Schmidt
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Guohua An
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa College of Pharmacy, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Nell I Matthews
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Alexander P J Vlaar
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesia, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Intensive Care, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robin van Bruggen
- Sanquin Blood Supply, Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk de Korte
- Sanquin Blood Supply, Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald G Strauss
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Department of Pathology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - José A Cancelas
- Hoxworth Blood Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Robert S Franco
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Peter Veng-Pedersen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa College of Pharmacy, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - John A Widness
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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Schmidt RL, Mock DM, Franco RS, Cohen RM, North AK, Cancelas JA, Geisen C, Strauss RG, Vlaar AP, Nalbant D, Widness JA. Antibodies to biotinylated red blood cells in adults and infants: improved detection, partial characterization, and dependence on red blood cell-biotin dose. Transfusion 2017; 57:1488-1496. [PMID: 28261808 PMCID: PMC5567754 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biotin-labeled red blood cells (BioRBCs) are used for in vivo kinetic studies. Because BioRBC dosing occasionally induces antibodies, a sensitive and specific anti-BioRBC detection assay is needed. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Aims were to 1) develop a gel card assay to evaluate existing, naturally occurring and BioRBC-induced plasma antibodies, 2) compare gel card and tube agglutination detection results, and 3) test for a relationship of antibody induction and BioRBC dose. Reagent BioRBCs were prepared using sulfo-NHS biotin ranging from densities 18 (BioRBC-18) to 1458 (BioRBC-1458) µg/mL RBCs. RESULTS Among BioRBC-exposed subjects, gel card and tube agglutination results were concordant in 21 of 22 adults and all 19 infant plasma samples. Gel card antibody detection sensitivity was more than 10-fold greater than tube agglutination. Twelve to 16 weeks after BioRBC exposure, induced anti-antibodies were detected by gel card in three of 26 adults (12%) at reagent densities BioRBC-256 or less, but in none of 41 infants. Importantly, induced anti-BioRBC antibodies were associated with higher BioRBC dose (p = 0.008); no antibodies were detected in 18 subjects who received BioRBC doses less than or equal to BioRBC-18. For noninduced BioRBC antibodies, six of 1125 naïve adults (0.3%) and none of 46 naïve infants demonstrated existing anti-BioRBC antibodies using reagent BioRBC-140 or -162. Existing anti-BioRBCs were all neutralized by biotin compounds, while induced antibodies were not. CONCLUSIONS The gel card assay is more sensitive than the tube agglutination assay. We recommend reagent BioRBC-256 for identifying anti-BioRBCs. Use of a low total RBC biotin label dose (≤ BioRBC-18) may minimize antibody induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L. Schmidt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Donald M. Mock
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Robert S. Franco
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Medical Service, Cincinnati VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Robert M. Cohen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Medical Service, Cincinnati VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | | | - José A. Cancelas
- Hoxworth Blood Center and the Department of Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Christof Geisen
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhämatologie, Klinikum der Goethe Universität, Frankfurt am Main, DRK-Blutspendedienst Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Germany
| | - Ronald G. Strauss
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Alexander P. Vlaar
- Department of Intensive Care and Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anesthesia, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Demet Nalbant
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - John A. Widness
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
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Harder MJ, Kuhn N, Schrezenmeier H, Höchsmann B, von Zabern I, Weinstock C, Simmet T, Ricklin D, Lambris JD, Skerra A, Anliker M, Schmidt CQ. Incomplete inhibition by eculizumab: mechanistic evidence for residual C5 activity during strong complement activation. Blood 2017; 129:970-980. [PMID: 28028023 PMCID: PMC5324716 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-08-732800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Eculizumab inhibits the terminal, lytic pathway of complement by blocking the activation of the complement protein C5 and shows remarkable clinical benefits in certain complement-mediated diseases. However, several reports suggest that activation of C5 is not always completely suppressed in patients even under excess of eculizumab over C5, indicating that residual C5 activity may derogate the drug's therapeutic benefit under certain conditions. By using eculizumab and the tick-derived C5 inhibitor coversin, we determined conditions ex vivo in which C5 inhibition is incomplete. The degree of such residual lytic activity depended on the strength of the complement activator and the resulting surface density of the complement activation product C3b, which autoamplifies via the alternative pathway (AP) amplification loop. We show that at high C3b densities required for binding and activation of C5, both inhibitors reduce but do not abolish this interaction. The decrease of C5 binding to C3b clusters in the presence of C5 inhibitors correlated with the levels of residual hemolysis. However, by employing different C5 inhibitors simultaneously, residual hemolytic activity could be abolished. The importance of AP-produced C3b clusters for C5 activation in the presence of eculizumab was corroborated by the finding that residual hemolysis after forceful activation of the classical pathway could be reduced by blocking the AP. By providing insights into C5 activation and inhibition, our study delivers the rationale for the clinically observed phenomenon of residual terminal pathway activity under eculizumab treatment with important implications for anti-C5 therapy in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus J Harder
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nadine Kuhn
- Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service and University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; and
| | - Britta Höchsmann
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service and University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; and
| | - Inge von Zabern
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service and University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; and
| | - Christof Weinstock
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service and University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; and
| | - Thomas Simmet
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Ricklin
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service and University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; and
| | - John D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Arne Skerra
- Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Markus Anliker
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service and University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; and
| | - Christoph Q Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Chagas MAB, Chaves DG, Haddad SK, Ubiali EMA, Schmidt LC, Silva-Malta MCF. Effect of red blood cell preservation by droplet freezing with non-permeable cryoprotective agents in blood group antigen reactivity. Transfus Med 2017; 27:142-146. [DOI: 10.1111/tme.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. B. Chagas
- Fundação Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia de Minas Gerais - Hemominas; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - D. G. Chaves
- Fundação Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia de Minas Gerais - Hemominas; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - S. K. Haddad
- Centro Regional de Hemoterapia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo; Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - E. M. A. Ubiali
- Centro Regional de Hemoterapia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo; Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - L. C. Schmidt
- Fundação Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia de Minas Gerais - Hemominas; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - M. C. F. Silva-Malta
- Fundação Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia de Minas Gerais - Hemominas; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
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20
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Kojima SI, Kaku M, Kawata T, Motokawa M, Sumi H, Shikata H, Abonti TH, Kojima ST, Yamamoto T, Tanne K, Tanimoto K. Cranial suture-like gap and bone regeneration after transplantation of cryopreserved MSCs by use of a programmed freezer with magnetic field in rats. Cryobiology 2015; 70:262-8. [PMID: 25858791 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be used for regeneration of various organs and tissues. A previous study revealed that cryopreserved MSCs, which were frozen by a programmed freezer with a magnetic field (Cells Alive System: CAS) and cryopreserved for 7 days in a -150°C deep freezer, can maintain high survival and proliferation rates while retaining both adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation abilities. The purpose of this study was to examine MSC viability and tissue regenerative ability after long-term cryopreservation using a CAS freezer. MSCs were isolated from rat femora bone marrow and cryopreserved in a -150°C deep freezer (CAS group) or directly cryopreserved in a deep freezer (Direct group). After 3 years, the cells were thawed and the number of viable cells was counted. Cell proliferation was also examined after 14 days in culture. For histological examination, forty 4-week-old Fischer 344 male rats received bone and sagittal suture defects with a diameter of 6.0mm, and MSCs (CAS or Direct group) cryopreserved for 1 year were grafted with membranes. Non-cryopreserved MSCs (Control group) were transplanted to an additional twenty rats. The rats were sacrificed at 4, 8, 16, and 24 weeks after surgery. The parietal bones, including the sagittal suture, were observed under a light microscope and the extent of bone regeneration was measured. Our results indicate that MSCs survival and proliferation rates were significantly higher in the CAS group than in the Direct group. In the Control and CAS groups, a large amount of new bone formation and a suture-like gap was identified 24 weeks after transplantation, whereas only a small amount of new bone formation was observed in the Direct group. These results suggest that the CAS freezer is amenable to long-term cryopreservation of MSCs, which can be applied to the regeneration of various tissues, including bone tissue with suture-like gap formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-I Kojima
- Department of Orthodontics, Applied Life Sciences, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Japan.
| | - M Kaku
- Department of Orthodontics, Applied Life Sciences, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Japan
| | - T Kawata
- Department of Orthodontics, Kanagawa Dental University, Japan
| | - M Motokawa
- Department of Orthodontics, Applied Life Sciences, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Japan
| | - H Sumi
- Department of Orthodontics, Applied Life Sciences, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Japan
| | - H Shikata
- Department of Orthodontics, Applied Life Sciences, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Japan
| | - T H Abonti
- Department of Orthodontics, Applied Life Sciences, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Japan
| | - S-T Kojima
- Department of Orthodontics, Applied Life Sciences, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Japan
| | - T Yamamoto
- Department of Orthodontics, Applied Life Sciences, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Japan
| | - K Tanne
- Department of Orthodontics, Applied Life Sciences, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Japan
| | - K Tanimoto
- Department of Orthodontics, Applied Life Sciences, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Japan
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Wagner FF, Flegel WA. The Rhesus Site. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 41:357-63. [PMID: 25538538 DOI: 10.1159/000366176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The Rhesus Site is a resource for information of the 'Rhesus' blood group. It is intended for specialists and non-specialists. The website details research in the field relevant for transfusion medicine, immunohematology, and molecular research. Link areas guide to important publications and to methodological resources for Rhesus. Many data originally presented at The Rhesus Site have been formally published later. The 'RhesusBase' section represents the largest database for RHD alleles; the 'RhesusSurveillance' section details the results of the largest prospective observational study on anti-D immunization events in D-positive patients. Visitors to the website are encouraged to explore the intricacies of the most complex blood group gene locus.
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Kumpel B, Hazell M, Guest A, Dixey J, Mushens R, Bishop D, Wreford-Bush T, Lee E. Accurate quantitation of D+ fetomaternal hemorrhage by flow cytometry using a novel reagent to eliminate granulocytes from analysis. Transfusion 2013; 54:1305-16. [PMID: 24236535 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitation of fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) is performed to determine the dose of prophylactic anti-D (RhIG) required to prevent D immunization of D- women. Flow cytometry (FC) is the most accurate method. However, maternal white blood cells (WBCs) can give high background by binding anti-D nonspecifically, compromising accuracy. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Maternal blood samples (69) were sent for FC quantitation of FMH after positive Kleihauer-Betke test (KBT) analysis and RhIG administration. Reagents used were BRAD-3-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC; anti-D), AEVZ5.3-FITC (anti-varicella zoster [anti-VZ], negative control), anti-fetal hemoglobin (HbF)-FITC, blended two-color reagents, BRAD-3-FITC/anti-CD45-phycoerythrin (PE; anti-D/L), and BRAD-3-FITC/anti-CD66b-PE (anti-D/G). PE-positive WBCs were eliminated from analysis by gating. Full blood counts were performed on maternal samples and female donors. RESULTS Elevated numbers of neutrophils were present in 80% of patients. Red blood cell (RBC) indices varied widely in maternal blood. D+ FMH values obtained with anti-D/L, anti-D/G, and anti-HbF-FITC were very similar (r = 0.99, p < 0.001). Correlation between KBT and anti-HbF-FITC FMH results was low (r = 0.716). Inaccurate FMH quantitation using the current method (anti-D minus anti-VZ) occurred with 71% samples having less than 15 mL of D+ FMH (RBCs) and insufficient RhIG calculated for 9%. Using two-color reagents and anti-HbF-FITC, approximately 30% patients had elevated F cells, 26% had no fetal cells, 6% had D- FMH, 26% had 4 to 15 mL of D+ FMH, and 12% patients had more than 15 mL of D+ FMH (RBCs) requiring more than 300 μg of RhIG. CONCLUSION Without accurate quantitation of D+ FMH by FC, some women would receive inappropriate or inadequate anti-D prophylaxis. The latter may be at risk of immunization leading to hemolytic disease of the newborn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Kumpel
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, UK; International Blood Group Reference Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, UK
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Applying molecular immunohaematology to regularly transfused thalassaemic patients in Thailand. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2013; 12:28-35. [PMID: 24120606 DOI: 10.2450/2013.0058-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red blood cell transfusion is the principal therapy in patients with severe thalassaemias and haemoglobinopathies, which are prevalent in Thailand. Serological red blood cell typing is confounded by chronic transfusion, because of circulating donor red blood cells. We evaluated the concordance of serological phenotypes between a routine and a reference laboratory and with red cell genotyping. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten consecutive Thai patients with β-thalassemia major who received regular transfusions were enrolled in Thailand. Phenotypes were tested serologically at Songklanagarind Hospital and at the National Institutes of Health. Red blood cell genotyping was performed with commercially available kits and a platform. RESULTS In only three patients was the red cell genotyping concordant with the serological phenotypes for five antithetical antigen pairs in four blood group systems at the two institutions. At the National Institutes of Health, 32 of the 100 serological tests yielded invalid or discrepant results. The positive predictive value of serology did not reach 1 for any blood group system at either of the two institutions in this set of ten patients. DISCUSSION Within this small study, numerous discrepancies were observed between serological phenotypes at the two institutes; red cell genotyping enabled determination of the blood group when serology failed due to transfused red blood cells. We question the utility of serological tests in regularly transfused paediatric patients and propose relying solely on red cell genotyping, which requires training for laboratory personnel and physicians. Red cell genotyping outperformed red cell serology by an order of magnitude in regularly transfused patients.
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Cryopreservation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity inside red blood cells: developing a specimen repository in support of development and evaluation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency tests. Malar J 2013; 12:286. [PMID: 23961874 PMCID: PMC3765399 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a common human enzyme deficiency. It is characterized by abnormally low levels of G6PD activity. Individuals with G6PD deficiency are at risk of undergoing acute haemolysis when exposed to 8‒aminoquinoline-based drugs, such as primaquine. For this reason it is imperative to identify individuals with G6PD deficiency prior to administering these anti-malarial drugs. There is a need for the development and evaluation of point-of-care G6PD deficiency screening tests suitable for areas of the developing world where malarial treatments are frequently administered. The development and evaluation of new G6PD tests will be greatly assisted with the availability of specimen repositories. Methods Cryopreservation of erythrocytes was evaluated as a means to preserve G6PD activity. Blood specimens from 31 patients including ten specimens with normal G6PD activity, three with intermediate activity, and 18 with deficient activity were cryopreserved for up to six months. Results Good correlation in G6PD activity between fresh and cryopreserved specimens (R2 = 0.95). The cryopreserved specimens show an overall small drop in mean G6PD activity of 0.23 U/g Hb (P=0.23). Cytochemical staining showed that intracellular G6PD activity distribution within the red blood cell populations is preserved during cryopreservation. Furthermore, the mosaic composition of red blood cells in heterozygous women is also preserved for six months or more. The fluorescent spot and the BinaxNOW qualitative tests for G6PD deficiency also showed high concordance in G6PD status determination between cryopreserved specimens and fresh specimens. Conclusions A methodology for establishing a specimen panel for evaluation of G6PD tests is described. The approach is similar to that used in several malaria research facilities for the cryopreservation of parasites in clinical specimens and axenic cultures. Specimens stored in this manner will aid both the development and evaluation of current and emerging G6PD tests. The availability of G6PD tests is a critical bottleneck to broader access to drugs that confer radical cure of Plasmodium vivax, a requirement for elimination of malaria.
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Kumpel BM, MacDonald AP, Bishop DR, Yates AF, Lee E. Quantitation of fetomaternal haemorrhage and F cells in unusual maternal blood samples by flow cytometry using anti-D and anti-HbF. Transfus Med 2013; 23:175-86. [DOI: 10.1111/tme.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. M. Kumpel
- International Blood Group Reference Laboratory; NHS Blood and Transplant; Bristol; UK
| | - A. P. MacDonald
- North of Scotland Blood Transfusion Centre; Raigmore Hospital; Inverness; UK
| | - D. R. Bishop
- Red Cell Immunohaematology; NHS Blood and Transplant; Bristol; UK
| | - A. F. Yates
- Blood Transfusion; Cheltenham General Hospital; Cheltenham; UK
| | - E. Lee
- Red Cell Immunohaematology; NHS Blood and Transplant; London; UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy A Flegel
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Paul M Ness
- Blood Bank, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
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Lee SG, Koh HY, Lee JH, Kang SH, Kim HJ. Cryopreservative effects of the recombinant ice-binding protein from the arctic yeast Leucosporidium sp. on red blood cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 167:824-34. [PMID: 22622645 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9739-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) have important functions in many freeze-tolerant organisms. The proteins non-colligatively lower the freezing point and functionally inhibit ice recrystallization in frozen solutions. In our previous studies, we found that the Arctic yeast Leucosporidium sp. produces an AFP (LeIBP), and that the protein could be successfully produced in Pichia expression system. The present study showed that recombinant LeIBP possesses the ability to reduce the damage induced to red blood cells (RBCs) by freeze thawing. In addition to 40 % glycerol, both 0.4 and 0.8 mg/ml LeIBPs significantly reduced freeze-thaw-induced hemolysis at either rapid- (45 °C) or slow-warming (22 °C) temperatures. Post-thaw cell counts of the cryopreserved RBCs were dramatically enhanced, in particular, in 0.8 mg/ml LeIBP. Interestingly, the cryopreserved cells in the presence of LeIBP showed preserved cell size distribution. These results indicate that the ability of LeIBP to inhibit ice recrystallization helps the RBCs avoid critically damaging electrolyte concentrations, which are known as solution effects. Considering all these data, LeIBP can be thought of as a key component in improving RBC cryopreservation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Gu Lee
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Schmid P, Ravenell KR, Sheldon SL, Flegel WA. DARC alleles and Duffy phenotypes in African Americans. Transfusion 2011; 52:1260-7. [PMID: 22082243 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03431.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The DARC (Duffy blood group, chemokine receptor) gene encodes for a transmembrane glycoprotein that functions as a chemokine transporter, is a receptor for Plasmodium vivax and P. knowlesi, and expresses the Duffy blood group antigens (Fy). The Fy(a-b-) phenotype found in people of African descent is typically associated with a -67t>c mutation in the 5'-untranslated region (UTR), which prevents red blood cells being invaded by P. vivax and P. knowlesi. The aim of this study was to establish DARC allele frequencies in an African American blood donor cohort, determine a phylogenetic tree for DARC, and compare human and Neandertal DARC genes. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The DARC nucleotide sequence of 54 African American blood donors was determined from genomic DNA. Heterozygous substitutions were resolved by sequencing of haplotype-specific amplifications. A phylogenetic tree for DARC was established using the neighbor-joining method with Pan troglodytes as root. RESULTS A total of 108 haplotypes of the DARC gene could be unambiguously determined from nucleotide position -300 in the 5' UTR to +300 in the 3' UTR. Eleven different alleles were found, including the clinically relevant FY*A, FY*B, FY*B-67C, FY*B298A, and FY*X alleles. All phenotype predictions based on genotypes matched the serologically determined phenotypes exactly: 52% Fy(a-b-), 28% Fy(a-b+), and 20% Fy(a+b-). CONCLUSIONS The nucleotide sequencing approach using one amplicon is a practical genotyping method for DARC and allows the determination of haplotypes even in heterozygous constellations. We developed a phylogenetic tree for DARC alleles and postulated a distinct FY*B allele as ancestral for the extant DARC alleles in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirmin Schmid
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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