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Kim Y, Huang LL, Wu N, Kluger R. Efficient conversion of hemoglobin to a non-vasoactive oxygen carrier by site-specific cross-linking with azido acyl methyl phosphates followed by bio-orthogonal CuAAC with a bis-alkyne. Bioorg Chem 2024; 149:107464. [PMID: 38810483 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
While cross-linked hemoglobin tetramers are functional acellular oxygen carriers, their ability to scavenge endogenous nitric oxide (NO) by endothelial pore penetration results in adverse cardiovascular effects. Animal studies established that cross-linked human hemoglobins, chemically joined into a double protein, avoid NO scavenging, presumably due to their larger size preventing penetration into endothelial regions that produce NO. In the present report, we utilize azide-containing acyl phosphate reagents to form cross-linked hemoglobins then bio-orthogonally click-couple them with a bis-alkyne (CuAAC). The production of these larger oxygen-carrying hemoglobin conjugates is obtained in high yields through subunit-specific cross-linking between each βLys82 ε-amino group. The methyl phosphate leaving groups provide electrostatically induced β-subunit site-selectivity, producing azido-cross-linked hemoglobin that undergoes highly efficient CuAAC compared with previous cross-linkers. The acyl phosphates also efficiently cross-link both T-state and R-state hemoglobin. The resulting bis- and tris-tetrameric hemoglobin conjugates exhibit oxygen affinity and cooperativity that are comparable to those of the native protein. The hemoglobin derivatives from the process we describe can function as sources of oxygen in biomedical applications, such as in ex-vivo donor organ perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuju Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Lucia L Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Nathan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Ronald Kluger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada.
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2
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Wang A, Singh S, Yu B, Bloch DB, Zapol WM, Kluger R. Cross-linked hemoglobin bis-tetramers from bioorthogonal coupling do not induce vasoconstriction in the circulation. Transfusion 2018; 59:359-370. [PMID: 30444016 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) are potential alternatives to red blood cells in transfusions. Clinical trials using early versions of HBOCs noted adverse effects that appeared to result from removal of the vasodilator nitric oxide (NO). Previous reports suggest that size-enlarged HBOCs may avoid NO-rich regions along the vasculature and therefore not cause vasoconstriction and hypertension. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Hemoglobin (Hb) bis-tetramers (bis-tetramers of hemoglobin that are prepared using CuAAC chemistry [BT-Hb] and bis-tetramers of hemoglobin that are specifically acetylated and prepared using CuAAC chemistry [BT-acHb]) can be reliably produced by a bio-orthogonal cyclo-addition approach. We considered that an HBOC derived from chemical coupling of two Hbs would be sufficiently large to avoid NO scavenging and related side effects. The ability of intravenously infused BT-Hb and BT-acHb to remain in the circulation without causing hypertension were determined in wild-type (WT) and diabetic (db/db) mouse models. RESULTS In WT mice, the coupled oxygen-carrying proteins retained their function over several hours after administration. No significant changes in systolic blood pressure from baseline were observed after intravenous infusion of BT-Hb or BT-acHb in awake WT and db/db mice. In contrast, infusion of native Hb or cross-linked Hb tetramers in both animal models induced systemic hypertension. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that bis-tetrameric HBOCs derived from the bio-orthogonal cyclo-addition process are likely to overcome clinical issues that arise from NO scavenging by Hb derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizhou Wang
- Davenport Chemistry Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Serena Singh
- Davenport Chemistry Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Binglan Yu
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Donald B Bloch
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Warren M Zapol
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ronald Kluger
- Davenport Chemistry Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Matsuhira T, Kure T, Yamamoto K, Sakai H. Analysis of Dimeric αβ Subunit Exchange between PEGylated and Native Hemoglobins (α2β2 Tetramer) in an Equilibrated State by Intramolecular ββ-Cross-Linking. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:3412-3420. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Matsuhira
- Department of Chemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kure
- Department of Chemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Keizo Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, 634-8521, Japan
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4
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Qadri SM, Donkor DA, Yan M, Ning S, Branch DR, Seghatchian J, Sheffield WP. Red blood cells, still vital after all these years: Commentary on Canadian Blood Services' International Symposium 2017. Transfus Apher Sci 2018; 57:298-303. [PMID: 29691151 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Canadian Blood Services (CBS), Canada's national blood transfusion service, has for many years sponsored an annual conference, for the education and awareness of interested participants, showcasing the latest evidence-based understanding of both basic science and clinical issues in transfusion medicine and science. The 15th iteration of this symposium took place September 9, 2017 and focused on some of the vital aspects of red blood cells (RBC), in line with the" 3Rs" concept, namely the provision of the Right red blood cell (RBC) product to the Right patient at the Right time. Presentations touched upon: the evolution of blood banking in North America; the monocyte monolayer assay as a predictor of post-transfusion hemolysis; hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers; RBC alloimmunization; serological approaches to complex RBC antibody problems; randomized clinical trials related to the age of stored RBC; RBC genotyping; pathophysiology, prevention and treatment of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN); and testing and timing in perinatal serology. This commentary provides summaries of all speakers' presentations annotated with relevant references. Special thanks are due to all contributors for their praiseworthy approaches in sharing their experiences and knowledge on this interesting scientific/clinical and management theme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed M Qadri
- Centre for Innovation of Canadian Blood Services, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Donkor
- Centre for Innovation of Canadian Blood Services, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Yan
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shuoyan Ning
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donald R Branch
- Centre for Innovation of Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jerard Seghatchian
- International Consultancy in Blood Components Quality/Safety Improvement, Audit/Inspection and DDR Strategies, London, United Kingdom.
| | - William P Sheffield
- Centre for Innovation of Canadian Blood Services, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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5
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Fischer-Valuck BW, Henke L, Green O, Kashani R, Acharya S, Bradley JD, Robinson CG, Thomas M, Zoberi I, Thorstad W, Gay H, Huang J, Roach M, Rodriguez V, Santanam L, Li H, Li H, Contreras J, Mazur T, Hallahan D, Olsen JR, Parikh P, Mutic S, Michalski J. Two-and-a-half-year clinical experience with the world's first magnetic resonance image guided radiation therapy system. Adv Radiat Oncol 2017; 2:485-493. [PMID: 29114617 PMCID: PMC5605309 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Magnetic resonance image guided radiation therapy (MR-IGRT) has been used at our institution since 2014. We report on more than 2 years of clinical experience in treating patients with the world's first MR-IGRT system. Methods and materials A clinical service was opened for MR-IGRT in January 2014 with an MR-IGRT system consisting of a split 0.35T magnetic resonance scanner that straddles a ring gantry with 3 multileaf collimator-equipped 60Co heads. The service was expanded to include online adaptive radiation therapy (ART) MR-IGRT and cine gating after 6 and 9 months, respectively. Patients selected for MR-IGRT were enrolled in a prospective registry between January 2014 and June 2016. Patients were treated with a variety of radiation therapy techniques including intensity modulated radiation therapy and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). When applicable, online ART was performed and gating on sagittal 2-dimensional cine MR was used. The charts of patients treated with MR-IGRT were reviewed to report on the clinical and treatment characteristics of the initial patients who were treated with this novel technique. Results A total of 316 patients have been treated with the MR-IGRT system, which has been integrated into a high-volume clinic. The cases were most commonly selected for improved soft tissue visualization, ART, and cine gating. Seventy-six patients were treated with 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy, 146 patients with intensity modulated radiation therapy, and 94 patients with SBRT. The most commonly treated disease sites were the abdomen (28%), breast (26%), pelvis (22%), thorax (19%), and head and neck (5%). Sixty-seven patients were treated with online ART over a total of 244 adapted fractions. Cine treatment gating was used for a total of 81 patients. Conclusions MR-IGRT has been successfully implemented in a high-volume radiation clinic and provides unique advantages in the treatment of a variety of malignancies. Additional clinical trials are in development to formally evaluate MR-IGRT in the treatment of multiple disease sites with techniques such as SBRT and ART.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren Henke
- Washington University, Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Olga Green
- Washington University, Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Rojano Kashani
- Washington University, Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sahaja Acharya
- Washington University, Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jeffrey D Bradley
- Washington University, Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Clifford G Robinson
- Washington University, Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Maria Thomas
- Washington University, Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Imran Zoberi
- Washington University, Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Wade Thorstad
- Washington University, Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Hiram Gay
- Washington University, Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jiayi Huang
- Washington University, Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Michael Roach
- Washington University, Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Vivian Rodriguez
- Washington University, Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Lakshmi Santanam
- Washington University, Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Harold Li
- Washington University, Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Hua Li
- Washington University, Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jessika Contreras
- Washington University, Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Thomas Mazur
- Washington University, Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Dennis Hallahan
- Washington University, Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jeffrey R Olsen
- University of Colorado, Department of Radiation Oncology, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Parag Parikh
- Washington University, Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sasa Mutic
- Washington University, Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jeff Michalski
- Washington University, Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Louis, Missouri
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6
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Webster KD, Dahhan D, Otto AM, Frosti CL, Dean WL, Chaires JB, Olsen KW. "Inside-Out" PEGylation of Bovine β-Cross-Linked Hemoglobin. Artif Organs 2017; 41:351-358. [PMID: 28321886 DOI: 10.1111/aor.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of a blood substitute is urgent due to blood shortages and potential communicable diseases. A novel method, inside-out PEGylation, has been used here to conjugate a multiarm maleimide-PEG (Mal-PEG) to β-cross-linked (βXL-Hb) hemoglobin (Hb) tetramers through the Cys β93 residues. This method produces a polymer with a single PEG backbone that is surrounded by multiple proteins, rather than coating a single protein with multiple PEG chains. Electrophoresis under denaturing conditions showed a large molecular weight species. Gel filtration chromatography and analytical ultracentrifugation determined the most prevalent species had three βXL-Hb to one Mal-PEG. Thermal denaturation studies showed that the cross-linked and PEGylated species were more stable than native Hb. Cross-linking under oxy-conditions produced a high oxygen affinity Hb species (P50 = 9.18 Torr), but the oxygen affinity was not significantly altered by PEGylation (P50 = 9.67 Torr). Inside-out PEGylation can be used to produce a hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier and potentially for other multiprotein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Webster
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Dana Dahhan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Abigail M Otto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Cheyanne L Frosti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Jonathan B Chaires
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kenneth W Olsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL
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7
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Wang A, Kluger R. Enhanced Nitrite Reductase Activity and Its Correlation with Oxygen Affinity in Hemoglobin Bis-Tetramers. Biochemistry 2016; 55:4688-96. [PMID: 27454142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The vasoactivity of circulating cross-linked hemoglobin is consistent with the acellular protein penetrating the endothelial lining of blood vessels where hemoglobin can bind nitric oxide, the signal for relaxation of the muscles that surround blood vessels. In an important contrast, derivatives of bis-tetramers that are produced from hemoglobin by chemical coupling do not cause vasoconstriction in animal models. Presumably, they are unable to enter the endothelia where hemoglobin tetramers bind to nitric oxide. In addition, hemoglobin bis-tetramers can produce nitric oxide in circulation through their intrinsic nitrite reductase activity. Examination of this activity for hemoglobin-derived bis-tetramers that are acetylated at lysyl amino groups in their α subunits reveals enhanced activity (k = 2.21 M(-1) s(-1)) compared to that of nonacetylated bis-tetramers (k = 0.70 M(-1) s(-1)). Plots of nitrite reductase activities as a function of the corresponding oxygen affinities of certain allosteric-state-stabilized derivatives reveal a significant correlation, providing a basis for interpretation of the correlated functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizhou Wang
- Davenport Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Ronald Kluger
- Davenport Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3H6
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8
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Singh S, Kluger R. Self-Assembly of a Functional Triple Protein: Hemoglobin-Avidin-Hemoglobin via Biotin–Avidin Interactions. Biochemistry 2016; 55:2875-82. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Singh
- Davenport Chemical Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Ronald Kluger
- Davenport Chemical Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3H6
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9
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Singh S, Dubinsky-Davidchik IS, Kluger R. Strain-promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition for protein–protein coupling in the formation of a bis-hemoglobin as a copper-free oxygen carrier. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:10011-10017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01817c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Conventional chemical approaches to protein–protein coupling present challenges due to the intrinsic competition between the desired interactions of reagents with groups of the protein as well as reactions with water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Singh
- Davenport Chemical Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada M5S 3H6
| | | | - Ronald Kluger
- Davenport Chemical Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada M5S 3H6
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10
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Singh S, Dubinsky-Davidchik IS, Yang Y, Kluger R. Subunit-directed click coupling via doubly cross-linked hemoglobin efficiently produces readily purified functional bis-tetrameric oxygen carriers. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:11118-28. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01755f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Sequential cross-linking leads to CuAAC phase-directed protein–protein coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Singh
- Davenport Chemical Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada M5S 3H6
| | | | - Ying Yang
- Davenport Chemical Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Ronald Kluger
- Davenport Chemical Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada M5S 3H6
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11
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Wang A, Kluger R. Increasing Efficiency in Protein–Protein Coupling: Subunit-Directed Acetylation and Phase-Directed CuAAC (“Click Coupling”) in the Formation of Hemoglobin Bis-Tetramers. Biochemistry 2014; 53:6793-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bi501054b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aizhou Wang
- Davenport
Chemical Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Ronald Kluger
- Davenport
Chemical Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
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