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Chen G, Xu R, Zhang J, Yang M, Fan J, Huang Y, Sun X. Composition of breast milk from mothers of premature and full-term infants and its influence in Z-Scores for infant physical growth. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:292. [PMID: 38689260 PMCID: PMC11059756 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04757-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast milk contains various crucial nutrients and biologically active substances and is ideal for newborns. This study aimed to analyze the composition of breast milk from mothers of premature and full-term infants and its influences on the growth of infants. METHODS Infant-mother dyads examined at our Hospital (March 2016 to May 2017) were included. Milk was collected at 0-1 month, 2-3 months, and 5-6 months and analyzed using a MIRIS human milk analyzer. Z-scores of weight-for-length (WLZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), and length-for-age (LAZ) were calculated. RESULTS This study included full-term (> 37 weeks of gestation, n = 177) and premature (< 37 weeks, n = 94) infant-mother dyads. The premature infants showed higher ΔWAZ, ΔLAZ, and ΔWLZ from infancy to toddlerhood for the physical growth speed, compared with term infants (P < 0.001). All proteins and true protein components of breast milk decreased with infants' age (P < 0.001). For premature and full-term infants, differences in ΔWAZ and ΔLAZ from birth to infancy and the difference in ΔLAZ, WAZ, and LAZ in toddlerhood were positively associated with non-protein nitrogen (NPN) (all P < 0.05), while the Z-score differences in ΔWLZ from birth to infancy were negatively associated with NPN (all P < 0.05). For premature babies, from birth to infancy stage, ΔWAZ was positively correlated with NPN and carbohydrates while negatively correlated with dry matter (all P < 0.05), and ΔLAZ correlated with NPN (β = 0.428, P = 0.005). CONCLUSION Breastfeeding helped premature infants compensatory growth when compared to term infants. Whileduring early infancy stage ΔWLZ gain was negatively associated with increased amounts of NPN in breast milk. This might mean although NPN increase the Z-scores of weight-for-age and length-for-age, with no rise in adipose tissue mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixia Chen
- Department of Child Healthcare, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University/Xiamen Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Xiamen, China.
| | - Rongxian Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiyong Zhang
- Department of Child Healthcare, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University/Xiamen Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Meifeng Yang
- Department of Child Healthcare, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University/Xiamen Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianxia Fan
- Department of Child Healthcare, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University/Xiamen Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Yinying Huang
- Nursing Department, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University/Xiamen Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoling Sun
- Department of Child Healthcare, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University/Xiamen Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Xiamen, China
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2
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Miranda MP. Comparison of the effect of Sodium Chloride concentration on protein determination: Bradford and Biuret methods. Anal Biochem 2024; 687:115450. [PMID: 38159714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Protein quantification methods using spectrophotometry are widely used in laboratory routines for different purposes. Samples generally contain non-protein components that can interfere with the quality of the analysis. A simple and quick test with different concentrations of sodium chloride demonstrated that the Bradford method is significantly affected by the presence of salt, while Biuret remains stable. Therefore, the choice of method is an important factor in reducing errors and ensuring more reliable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Pires Miranda
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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3
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Hamzelou S, Belobrajdic D, Broadbent JA, Juhász A, Lee Chang K, Jameson I, Ralph P, Colgrave ML. Utilizing proteomics to identify and optimize microalgae strains for high-quality dietary protein: a review. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023:1-16. [PMID: 38035669 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2283376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Algae-derived protein has immense potential to provide high-quality protein foods for the expanding human population. To meet its potential, a broad range of scientific tools are required to identify optimal algal strains from the hundreds of thousands available and identify ideal growing conditions for strains that produce high-quality protein with functional benefits. A research pipeline that includes proteomics can provide a deeper interpretation of microalgal composition and biochemistry in the pursuit of these goals. To date, proteomic investigations have largely focused on pathways that involve lipid production in selected microalgae species. Herein, we report the current state of microalgal proteome measurement and discuss promising approaches for the development of protein-containing food products derived from algae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Angéla Juhász
- School of Science, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | | | - Ian Jameson
- CSIRO Ocean and Atmosphere, Hobart, Australia
| | - Peter Ralph
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Michelle L Colgrave
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, Australia
- School of Science, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
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4
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Lago A, Greses S, Aboudi K, Moreno I, González-Fernández C. Effect of decoupling hydraulic and solid retention times on carbohydrate-rich residue valorization into carboxylic acids. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20590. [PMID: 37996698 PMCID: PMC10667524 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48097-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This research assessed the effect of decoupling hydraulic retention time (HRT) and solid retention time (SRT) on the production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) via anaerobic fermentation of beet molasses. The performance of a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR, STR = HTR = 30 days) and two anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (AnSBR) with decoupled STR (30 days) and HRT (20 and 10 days) was compared. Previously, a temperature study in batch reactors (25, 35, and 55 °C) revealed 25 °C as the optimal temperature to maximize the VFAs yield and the long-chain VFAs (> C4) production, being selected for the continuous reactors operation. An HRT of 20 days in AnSBR led to an enhancement in bioconversion efficiency into VFAs (55.5% chemical oxygen demand basis) compared to the CSTR (34.9%). In contrast, the CSTR allowed the production of valuable caproic acid (25.4% vs 4.1% w/w of total VFAs in AnSBR). Decreasing further the HRT to 10 days in AnSBR was detrimental in terms of bioconversion efficiency (21.7%) due to primary intermediates (lactate) accumulation. By decoupling HRT and SRT, VFAs were maximized, revealing HRT as an effective tool to drive specific conversion routes (butyrate- or lactate-fermentation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Lago
- Biotechnological Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra 3, 28935, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
- Thermochemical Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra 3, 28935, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Greses
- Biotechnological Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra 3, 28935, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kaoutar Aboudi
- Biotechnological Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra 3, 28935, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences (Wine and Agri-Food Research Institute-IVAGRO and International Campus of Excellence-ceiA3), University of Cádiz, Republic Saharawi Avenue, P.O. Box No. 40, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Inés Moreno
- Thermochemical Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra 3, 28935, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Group, ESCET, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina González-Fernández
- Biotechnological Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra 3, 28935, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, S/N, 47011, Valladolid, Spain.
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, Dr. Mergelina, S/N, 47011, Valladolid, Spain.
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Hosaagrahara Ramakrishna S, Shah N, Acharyya BC, Durairaj E, Verma L, Sankaranarayanan S, Wadhwa N, Venter C. The Need for Culturally Appropriate Food Allergy Management Strategies: The Indian Milk Ladder. Nutrients 2023; 15:3921. [PMID: 37764705 PMCID: PMC10535525 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is one of the most common and complex food allergies affecting children worldwide and, with a few exceptions, presents in the first few months of life. Baked-milk-containing diets are well tolerated in the majority of milk-allergic children and allow dietary restrictions to be relaxed. In addition, the early introduction of tolerated forms of allergenic foods to an infant's diet in small amounts may enhance the outgrowth of their milk allergy through oral tolerance induction. The methods of milk introduction vary widely across the globe. METHODS We convened an expert group to develop a comprehensive milk ladder based on the calculated milk protein content of Indian foods. To validate the milk ladder, the foods chosen for the ladder were analyzed and the ladder was re-evaluated based on the cooked milk protein content. RESULTS Combining expert consensus and validation of milk protein content, we created the world's first milk ladder containing Indian foods. This is the first ladder that provides information on the timing and temperature of cooking, with validated milk protein content. CONCLUSIONS This is the first milk ladder based on the unique features of Indian food habits built by the consensus of Indian experts along with international collaboration with laboratory quantification of milk protein in each step. We believe the "The Indian Milk Ladder" will be a very helpful tool for pediatricians helping manage CMA in children as well as their parents and caregivers, not only in India, but in countries world-wide where these foods are commonly consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neil Shah
- The Portland Hospital, London W1W 5AH, UK
- Reckitt Nutrition, Slough SL1 3UH, UK
| | - Bhaswati C Acharyya
- Department of Paediatric Hepatology & Gastroenterology, AMRI Hospitals, Kolkata 700028, India
- Department of Paediatric Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Institute of Child Health, Kolkata 700017, India
| | - Emmany Durairaj
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Narayana Health City, Bengaluru 560099, India
| | - Lalit Verma
- Department of Paediatric Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Global Hospitals, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Srinivas Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Paediatric Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, Chennai 600024, India
- Department of Paediatric Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Apollo Children Hospital, Chennai 600006, India
| | - Nishant Wadhwa
- Institute of Child Health, Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Sir Gangaram Hospital, New Delhi 110060, India
| | - Carina Venter
- Paediatrics, Section of Allergy & Immunology, Denver School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80204, USA
- Paediatrics, Section of Allergy & Immunology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Denver, CO 80218, USA
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6
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Zhou Y, Bai R, Huang Y, Li W, Chen J, Cheng Z, Wu X, Diao Y. The anti-photoaging effect of C-phycocyanin on ultraviolet B-irradiated BALB/c-nu mouse skin. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1229387. [PMID: 37675406 PMCID: PMC10478087 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1229387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: C-phycocyanin (C-PC), a photosynthetic protein obtained from Spirulina, is regarded a highly promising commercially available biochemical. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have provided evidence of C-PC's ability to mitigate the inflammatory response, alleviate oxidative stress, and facilitate wound healing. However, despite the existing knowledge regarding C-PC's protective mechanism against cellular apoptosis induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, further in vivo experiments are needed to explore its anti-photoaging mechanism. Methods: In this study, a UVB-induced skin photoaging model was established using BALB/c-nu mice, and the potential protective effects of topically administered c-PC were investigated by various molecular biology tools. In addition, a novel delivery system, C-PC nanodispersion, was developed to facilitate the transdermal delivery of C-PC. Results: C- PC demonstrated significant anti-photoaging activities in the UVB-induced skin. The application of C-PC to the dorsal skin of the mice resulted in improved macroscopic characteristics, such as reduced sagging and coarse wrinkling, under UVB irradiation Histological analyses showed that C-PC treatment significantly decreased the symptoms of epidermal thickening, prevented dermal collagen fiber loosening, increased the hydroxyproline (Hyp) content and activities of antioxidant enzymes (such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) in mouse skin, decreased malondialdehyde levels and expressions of inflammatory factors (interleukin-1α [IL-1α], IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α), reduced matrix metalloproteinase [MMP-3 and MMP-9] expressions, and inhibited the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and p38 proteins in the mitogen-activated protein kinase family. Discussion: By analyzing the results of the study, a new drug delivery system, C-PC nano-dispersion, was proposed, and the anti-photoaging effect of C-PC and its mechanism were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhou
- School of Biomedical Science, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Renao Bai
- School of Biomedical Science, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China
- Shantou Polytechnic, Shantou, China
| | - Yifeng Huang
- Haixia Hospital Affiliated to Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Weina Li
- Haixia Hospital Affiliated to Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jiana Chen
- Haixia Hospital Affiliated to Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Zhiyun Cheng
- School of Biomedical Science, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xunxun Wu
- School of Biomedical Science, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yong Diao
- School of Biomedical Science, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China
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7
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Chen Y, Xiong H, Ravelombola W, Bhattarai G, Barickman C, Alatawi I, Phiri TM, Chiwina K, Mou B, Tallury S, Shi A. A Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Region Associated with Seed Protein Content in Cowpea. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2705. [PMID: 37514320 PMCID: PMC10383739 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp., 2n = 2x = 22) is a protein-rich crop that complements staple cereals for humans and serves as fodder for livestock. It is widely grown in Africa and other developing countries as the primary source of protein in the diet; therefore, it is necessary to identify the protein-related loci to improve cowpea breeding. In the current study, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on 161 cowpea accessions (151 USDA germplasm plus 10 Arkansas breeding lines) with a wide range of seed protein contents (21.8~28.9%) with 110,155 high-quality whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to identify markers associated with protein content, then performed genomic prediction (GP) for future breeding. A total of seven significant SNP markers were identified using five GWAS models (single-marker regression (SMR), the general linear model (GLM), Mixed Linear Model (MLM), Fixed and Random Model Circulating Probability Unification (FarmCPU), and Bayesian-information and Linkage-disequilibrium Iteratively Nested Keyway (BLINK), which are located at the same locus on chromosome 8 for seed protein content. This locus was associated with the gene Vigun08g039200, which was annotated as the protein of the thioredoxin superfamily, playing a critical function for protein content increase and nutritional quality improvement. In this study, a genomic prediction (GP) approach was employed to assess the accuracy of predicting seed protein content in cowpea. The GP was conducted using cross-prediction with five models, namely ridge regression best linear unbiased prediction (rrBLUP), Bayesian ridge regression (BRR), Bayesian A (BA), Bayesian B (BB), and Bayesian least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (BL), applied to seven random whole genome marker sets with different densities (10 k, 5 k, 2 k, 1 k, 500, 200, and 7), as well as significant markers identified through GWAS. The accuracies of the GP varied between 42.9% and 52.1% across the seven SNPs considered, depending on the model used. These findings not only have the potential to expedite the breeding cycle through early prediction of individual performance prior to phenotyping, but also offer practical implications for cowpea breeding programs striving to enhance seed protein content and nutritional quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Chen
- Department of Horticulture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Haizheng Xiong
- Department of Horticulture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | | | - Gehendra Bhattarai
- Department of Horticulture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Casey Barickman
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, North Mississippi Research and Extension Center, Verona, MS 38879, USA
| | - Ibtisam Alatawi
- Department of Horticulture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | | | - Kenani Chiwina
- Department of Horticulture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Beiquan Mou
- USDA-ARS, Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, Salinas, CA 93905, USA
| | - Shyam Tallury
- USDA-ARS, Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223, USA
| | - Ainong Shi
- Department of Horticulture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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Hamzelou S, Belobrajdic D, Juhász A, Brook H, Bose U, Colgrave ML, Broadbent JA. Nutrition, allergenicity and physicochemical qualities of food-grade protein extracts from Nannochloropsis oculata. Food Chem 2023; 424:136459. [PMID: 37247596 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae offer an opportunity to act as a sustainable source of dietary protein. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of different protein extraction methods on the nutritional and physicochemical properties of Nannochloropsis oculata. Food-grade protein extracts were obtained by hypotonic osmotic shock using milli-Q water. Food grade (FG) and non-food grade (NFG) extraction buffers were compared along with three cell disruption methods including bead beating, probe sonication and a combination of both methods for protein extraction. Mass spectrometry was used for protein and putative allergen identification in FG extracts. Bead beating led to a slightly higher number of identifiable proteins in FG extracts compared to control condition. Putative allergenic proteins were identified in FG extracts of N. oculata using different in-silico methods. These findings support the need to further evaluate the potential allergenic proteins in microalgae including N. oculata such as immunoglobulin E (IgE) binding tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hamzelou
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | | | - Angéla Juhász
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Henri Brook
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Utpal Bose
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Michelle L Colgrave
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
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9
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Cultivation and characterisation of Salicornia europaea, Tripolium pannonicum and Crithmum maritimum biomass for green biorefinery applications. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20507. [PMID: 36443447 PMCID: PMC9705282 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24865-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt-tolerant halophytes have shown potential for biorefinery and agricultural use in salt-affected soils, increasing the value of marginal lands. They could provide a bio-based source for compounds obtained from the petrochemical industry or an alternative for biomass currently imported overseas. Salicornia europaea, Tripolium pannonicum and Crithmum maritimum were cultivated in hydroponic systems under various salinity conditions, harvested green but not food-grade, and fractionated to green juice and fibre residue. Obtained fractions were characterised for contents of carbohydrates, Klason lignin, crude protein, organic acids, lipids, and minerals to evaluate the biomass' suitability for biorefinery. Significant differences were observed in the biomass yield and the composition of the biomass fractions from different cultivation salinities. High concentrations of crude protein were found. Thus, these species could have the potential for green protein production. Fractions rich in carbohydrates could be used for lignocellulose processing and processes utilising micro-organisms.
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Effects of extremely low frequency pulsed electric field (ELF-PEF) on the quality and microstructure of tilapia during cold storage. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Bhandari SD, Gallegos-Peretz T, Wheat T, Jaudzems G, Kouznetsova N, Petrova K, Shah D, Hengst D, Vacha E, Lu W, Moore JC, Metra P, Xie Z. Amino Acid Fingerprinting of Authentic Nonfat Dry Milk and Skim Milk Powder and Effects of Spiking with Selected Potential Adulterants. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182868. [PMID: 36140996 PMCID: PMC9498471 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A collaborative study was undertaken in which five international laboratories participated to determine amino acid fingerprints in 39 authentic nonfat dry milk (NFDM)/skim milk powder (SMP) samples. A rapid method of amino acid analysis involving microwave-assisted hydrolysis followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (UHPLC-UV) was used for quantitation of amino acids and to calculate their distribution. The performance of this rapid method of analysis was evaluated and was used to determine the amino acid fingerprint of authentic milk powders. The distribution of different amino acids and their predictable upper and lower tolerance limits in authentic NFDM/SMP samples were established as a reference. Amino acid fingerprints of NFDM/SMP were compared with selected proteins and nitrogen rich compounds (proteins from pea, soy, rice, wheat, whey, and fish gelatin) which can be potential economically motivated adulterants (EMA). The amino acid fingerprints of NFDM/SMP were found to be affected by spiking with pea, soy, rice, whey, fish gelatin and arginine among the investigated adulterants but not by wheat protein and melamine. The study results establish an amino acid fingerprint of authentic NFDM/SMP and demonstrate the utility of this method as a tool in verifying the authenticity of milk powders and detecting their adulteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneh D. Bhandari
- Merieux NutriSciences, 3600 Eagle Nest Drive, Crete, IL 60417, USA
| | | | - Thomas Wheat
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA 01757, USA
| | - Gregory Jaudzems
- Nestlé Quality Assurance Center, 6625 Eiterman Rd., Dublin, OH 43017, USA
| | - Natalia Kouznetsova
- United States Pharmacopeia (USP), 12601 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Katya Petrova
- United States Pharmacopeia (USP), 12601 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Dimple Shah
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA 01757, USA
| | - Daniel Hengst
- Eurofins Food Integrity and Innovation, Madison, WI 53704, USA
| | - Erika Vacha
- Eurofins Food Integrity and Innovation, Madison, WI 53704, USA
| | - Weiying Lu
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jeffrey C. Moore
- United States Pharmacopeia (USP), 12601 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Pierre Metra
- Merieux NutriSciences Corporation, 113 Route de Paris, 69160 Tassin la Demi-Lune, France
| | - Zhuohong Xie
- United States Pharmacopeia (USP), 12601 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-240-221-2052
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12
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Hueso D, Fontecha J, Gómez-Cortés P. Comparative study of the most commonly used methods for total protein determination in milk of different species and their ultrafiltration products. Front Nutr 2022; 9:925565. [PMID: 36176633 PMCID: PMC9513457 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.925565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk ultrafiltration is a widely used membrane filtration process that allows the recuperation of whey proteins in a concentrate high in total solids, which can later be transformed in multiple healthy dairy products with great prospects for the food industry. Protein content is a decisive factor for the technological performance of milk concentrates and currently, the ISO standard method for its determination is Kjeldahl, which is time-consuming and requires specific instrumentation. For this reason, the use of rapid methods to quantify protein would greatly facilitate the monitoring of the milk ultrafiltration process. In this study, the bicinchoninic acid assay (BCA), the detergent compatible Bradford assay and the Dumas method were compared to Kjeldahl protein determination to select a quick and accurate methodology suitable for milk of different species and its ultrafiltration products (retentates and permeates). The protein content obtained from Bradford assay and Dumas method in origin milk and retentate samples was consistent with Kjeldahl values. In contrast, BCA protein levels were significantly different when compared to Kjeldahl and no method was proved to be suitable for protein determination in permeate samples. The use of sodium dodecyl sulfate was also examined to improve protein measurements without success. In comparison with the official method, Bradford assay quantitatively provided the best results, and it would be recommended for a quick, economic and easy determination of total protein content in milk and retentate samples.
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Zapata-Muriel A, Echeverry P, Van Dusseldorp TA, Kurtz J, Monsalves-Alvarez M. Measured versus label declared macronutrient and calorie content in Colombian commercially available whey proteins. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2022; 19:258-266. [PMID: 35813847 PMCID: PMC9261742 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2022.2090828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Whey protein (WP) supplements have grown in popularity for exercising populations to enhance muscle protein synthesis and promote recovery. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the macronutrient profile, especially protein, of commonly sold protein powder brands in the Colombian (South America) sports supplement market. Eleven popular whey proteins supplements made and sold on the Colombian market were sampled and determined the humidity, ash, total carbohydrates, fat, proteins, and calories (kcal). The mean calorie content declared by product labeling was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than measured (labeled 349.8 ± 20.3 kcal; analyzed 368.2 ± 14.9 kcal). Carbohydrate content was higher than labeled on average (labeled 3.5 ± 6 g/100 g; analyzed 21.9 ± 12.5 g/100 g) (p < 0.05). The protein content on the labels showed a significantly higher content, on average, than analyzed in all samples (labeled 81.4 ± 7.4; analyzed 65.7 ± 14.1) (p < 0.05). These data suggest, that for brands analyzed in this research, nutrient labels may be misleading, especially regarding protein, carbohydrate, and total calorie content. Consumers should diligently read, but also learn the different product labeling; however, brands should emphasize on testing their products and add amino acid profiles to guarantee quality of their products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia Echeverry
- Human Performance Laboratory, Motion Training, Rehab & Nutrition, Lo Barnechea, Chile
- Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Medicina-Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago Chile
| | - Trisha A. Van Dusseldorp
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
- Bonafide Health, LLC, Harrison, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Kurtz
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matías Monsalves-Alvarez
- Human Performance Laboratory, Motion Training, Rehab & Nutrition, Lo Barnechea, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O´Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
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14
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Langyan S, Bhardwaj R, Radhamani J, Yadav R, Gautam RK, Kalia S, Kumar A. A Quick Analysis Method for Protein Quantification in Oilseed Crops: A Comparison With Standard Protocol. Front Nutr 2022; 9:892695. [PMID: 35711548 PMCID: PMC9195008 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.892695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein is one of the most abundant substances in plants and plays a major role in human health hence standardization of its analytical quantification method is essential. Various methods for protein quantification exist, such as Kjeldahl, Bradford, Lowry, bicinchoninic acid assay (BCA), Biuret, and total amino acid content methods. These methods are widely applied; however, the development of the rapid and efficient method is the need of the time hence the objective of this research was to analyze and comparing compare the modification of the Kjeldahl method for the determination of protein content in oilseed crops. The study was performed to improve the sample preparation method (processing and digestion) for protein quantification. Generally, the method initially requires homogenization of grains to a fine flour, which involves time and increases the risk of sample cross-contamination and partial loss of oil from the sample during grinding. Moreover at times, it becomes challenging to homogenize oil seeds to fine flour due to high oil content. However, in the present research, the whole grain was digested in place of grounded flour to accomplish quick protein quantification and compared it with the flour matrix of different oil seeds. To further reduce the digestion time and avoid frothing, we have used the modified digestion mixture. The developed method was statistically validated using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation reliability test, paired T-test, and different types of plot analysis. The validation of the sample preparation method in protein quantification demonstrated non-significant differences that the protein content from whole grain of all the five oilseed crops shows 100% non-significant results compared with the flour matrix in both the digestion mixtures. The developed novel method could be used to prepare the sample for protein analysis and reduces the overall analysis time while ensuring the accuracy of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Langyan
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Bhardwaj
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), New Delhi, India
| | - J. Radhamani
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), New Delhi, India
| | - Rashmi Yadav
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), New Delhi, India
| | - Raj Kumar Gautam
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Kalia
- Department of Biotechnology (DBT), New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), New Delhi, India
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15
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Inagawa A, Kimura M, Uehara N. Total protein assay by PCA-based RGB-spectrum conversion methods with smartphone-acquired digital images. ANAL SCI 2022; 38:869-880. [PMID: 35325437 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-022-00107-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Total protein concentrations in the aqueous solutions were determined from the absorption spectra reproduced from smartphone-captured digital color images. We employed two different procedures for protein determination: the pyrogallol red molybdate method and Bradford's method. The principal-component-analysis-based reproduction process, which was previously reported by our research group, enabled the conversion of RGB values to score values for a linear combination of loading vectors to generate reproduced absorption spectra. The reproduced spectra were identical to those measured using a commercially available spectrophotometer. The total protein assays of commercial soymilk and human serum samples were carried out with both coloration reagents, and the obtained results were in good agreement with those attained using a conventional spectrophotometer. These results show that the proposed method enables smartphone-based ratiometric analysis of real samples without requiring any monochromating equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arinori Inagawa
- Faculty of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2 Yoto, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8585, Japan.
| | - Miwa Kimura
- Faculty of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2 Yoto, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8585, Japan
| | - Nobuo Uehara
- Faculty of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2 Yoto, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8585, Japan.
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Anantawat V, Loveday SM, Singh H, Anema SG. Acid gelation of heat-treated recombined milk: Fat globule membrane composition and gelation functionality. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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17
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Brooks C, Parr L, Smith JM, Buchanan D, Snioch D, Hebishy E. A review of food fraud and food authenticity across the food supply chain, with an examination of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and Brexit on food industry. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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18
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Zaguri M, Kandel S, Lavie N, Hawlena D. Methodological limitations and conceptual implications of nutritional estimations. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Zaguri
- Risk‐Management Ecology Lab, Dept of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Inst. of Life Sciences, The Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram Jerusalem Israel
| | - Shani Kandel
- Risk‐Management Ecology Lab, Dept of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Inst. of Life Sciences, The Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram Jerusalem Israel
| | - Noa Lavie
- Risk‐Management Ecology Lab, Dept of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Inst. of Life Sciences, The Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram Jerusalem Israel
| | - Dror Hawlena
- Risk‐Management Ecology Lab, Dept of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Inst. of Life Sciences, The Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram Jerusalem Israel
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19
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Beć KB, Grabska J, Plewka N, Huck CW. Insect Protein Content Analysis in Handcrafted Fitness Bars by NIR Spectroscopy. Gaussian Process Regression and Data Fusion for Performance Enhancement of Miniaturized Cost-Effective Consumer-Grade Sensors. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216390. [PMID: 34770798 PMCID: PMC8587585 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Future food supply will become increasingly dependent on edible material extracted from insects. The growing popularity of artisanal food products enhanced by insect proteins creates particular needs for establishing effective methods for quality control. This study focuses on developing rapid and efficient on-site quantitative analysis of protein content in handcrafted insect bars by miniaturized near-infrared (NIR) spectrometers. Benchtop (Büchi NIRFlex N-500) and three miniaturized (MicroNIR 1700 ES, Tellspec Enterprise Sensor and SCiO Sensor) in hyphenation to partial least squares regression (PLSR) and Gaussian process regression (GPR) calibration methods and data fusion concept were evaluated via test-set validation in performance of protein content analysis. These NIR spectrometers markedly differ by technical principles, operational characteristics and cost-effectiveness. In the non-destructive analysis of intact bars, the root mean square error of cross prediction (RMSEP) values were 0.611% (benchtop) and 0.545–0.659% (miniaturized) with PLSR, and 0.506% (benchtop) and 0.482–0.580% (miniaturized) with GPR calibration, while the analyzed total protein content was 19.3–23.0%. For milled samples, with PLSR the RMSEP values improved to 0.210% for benchtop spectrometer but remained in the inferior range of 0.525–0.571% for the miniaturized ones. GPR calibration improved the predictive performance of the miniaturized spectrometers, with RMSEP values of 0.230% (MicroNIR 1700 ES), 0.326% (Tellspec) and 0.338% (SCiO). Furthermore, Tellspec and SCiO sensors are consumer-oriented devices, and their combined use for enhanced performance remains a viable economical choice. With GPR calibration and test-set validation performed for fused (Tellspec + SCiO) data, the RMSEP values were improved to 0.517% (in the analysis of intact samples) and 0.295% (for milled samples).
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20
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A Comprehensive Study on Sorption, Water Barrier, and Physicochemical Properties of Some Protein- and Carbohydrate-Based Edible Films. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-021-02712-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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OLIVEIRA CM, BORGES EDL, AMARAL RVA, CARDOSO NA, SOUSA RGC. Difference in nutritional values between wild and farmed tambaqui in the north region of Brazil. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.17220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Patra T, Rinnan Å, Olsen K. The physical stability of plant-based drinks and the analysis methods thereof. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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23
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Strashnov I, Karunarathna NB, Fernando BR, Dissanayake C, Binduhewa KM. An isotope dilution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for detection of melamine in milk powder. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:1805-1816. [PMID: 34270389 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1937709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Adulteration/unintentional contamination of milk with melamine could have negative health and economic implications especially in the developing countries due to insufficient laboratory support and surveillance. This paper presents an Isotope Dilution Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (ID LC-MS) method developed for detection of melamine in powdered milk. The rapid sample preparation involved dissolution of 1g of milk powder in 2.5% formic acid, precipitation of protein with acetonitrile, spiking of samples with melamine (triamine-15N3) at 200 µg L-1 and detection of intrinsic 14N-melamine molecular ratio to the spike. The isotope dilution calibration procedure was free from matrix effects, unlike other methods where the detector sensitivity can fluctuate up to several orders of magnitude. Limit of detection of the method was 13 µg kg-1, and the recovery of melamine at 50, 100, and 250 µg kg-1 was 78.7-126.3%. The method was used to determine melamine levels in 22 milk powder products (local and imported) available in Sri Lanka. Melamine was detected in all the samples (range = 0.33-0.96 mg kg-1). Full cream milk powders (both local and imported) contained melamine in the range of 0.39-0.84 mg kg-1, and various health and pregnancy formulas contained <0.5 mg kg-1 of melamine. Two imported infant formula samples contained the highest levels of melamine (0.96 and 0.94 mg kg-1). Although these melamine levels are below the regulatory limit in Sri Lanka (1 mg kg-1), a monitoring programme would ensure consumer safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Strashnov
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nuwan Bandara Karunarathna
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Biyagamage Ruchika Fernando
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Champa Dissanayake
- Life Sciences Division, Sri Lanka Atomic Energy Board, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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Abstract
The growing consumer awareness regarding health and fitness has been leading to a huge rise in the consumption of nutritional supplements and, consequently, to an increase in concerns about their quality. In this sense, one of the most consumed products is protein supplements and, despite being safer than other types of supplements, there are several studies showing incompatibilities between what is present on the labels and their actual content. Therefore, this review is focused on gathering information about the problems arising from poor manufacturing practices and inadequate quality control of sport protein supplements. These issues are mainly related to three aspects: reduction of the supplements’ nutritional value, the presence of pharmacological substances, and contamination with microorganisms or toxic metals. Regarding the first aspect, reports about the “classic” addition of nitrogen-rich compounds to mask the protein content measured by the Kjeldahl method were discussed, as well as recent topics such as the addition of cheaper proteins to produce an “undetectable” adulteration in whey protein supplements. With respect to the presence of pharmacological compounds, it is a finding that is not very common in protein supplements; however, even trace amounts of foreign substances in this type of product may cause adverse effects to consumers, and, in the case of an elite athlete, may result in doping. Finally, we discuss about the contamination with microorganisms and toxic metals, this latter being a subject that should be further explored due to few studies in the literature.
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Ellison C, Moreno T, Catchpole O, Fenton T, Lagutin K, MacKenzie A, Mitchell K, Scott D. Extraction of hemp seed using near-critical CO2, propane and dimethyl ether. J Supercrit Fluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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26
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Faller AC, Shanmughanandhan D, Ragupathy S, Zhang Y, Lu Z, Chang P, Swanson G, Newmaster SG. Validation of a Triplex Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Detection and Quantification of Traditional Protein Sources, Pisum sativum L. and Glycine max (L.) Merr., in Protein Powder Mixtures. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:661770. [PMID: 34108980 PMCID: PMC8183462 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.661770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Several botanicals have been traditionally used as protein sources, including the leguminous Pisum sativum L. and Glycine max (L.) Merr. While a rich history exists of cultivating these plants for their whole, protein-rich grain, modern use as powdered supplements present a new challenge in material authentication. The absence of clear morphological identifiers of an intact plant and the existence of long, complex supply chains behoove industry to create quick, reliable analytical tools to identify the botanical source of a protein product (many of which contain multiple sources). The utility of molecular tools for plant-based protein powder authentication is gaining traction, but few validated tools exist. Multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) can provide an economical means by which sources can be identified and relative proportions quantified. We followed established guidelines for the design, optimization, and validation of qPCR assay, and developed a triplex qPCR assay that can amplify and quantify pea and soy DNA targets, normalized by a calibrator. The assay was evaluated for analytical specificity, analytical sensitivity, efficiency, precision, dynamic range, repeatability, and reproducibility. We tested the quantitative ability of the assay using pea and soy DNA mixtures, finding exceptional quantitative linearity for both targets - 0.9983 (p < 0.0001) for soy and 0.9915 (p < 0.0001) for pea. Ratios based on mass of protein powder were also tested, resulting in non-linear patterns in data that suggested the requirement of further sample preparation optimization or algorithmic correction. Variation in fragment size within different lots of commercial protein powder samples was also analyzed, revealing low SD among lots. Ultimately, this study demonstrated the utility of qPCR in the context of protein powder mixtures and highlighted key considerations to take into account for commercial implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C. Faller
- Natural Health Product Research Alliance, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Dhivya Shanmughanandhan
- Natural Health Product Research Alliance, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Subramanyam Ragupathy
- Natural Health Product Research Alliance, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Herbalife International, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Zhengfei Lu
- Herbalife International, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Peter Chang
- Herbalife International, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Gary Swanson
- Herbalife International, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Steven G. Newmaster
- Natural Health Product Research Alliance, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Farag MA, Tanios M, AlKarimy S, Ibrahim H, Guirguis HA. Biosensing approaches to detect potential milk contaminants: a comprehensive review. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:1169-1192. [PMID: 33989131 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1914864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Accidentally present contaminants or intentionally added adulterants in milk lead potentially to delivering not only unhealthy but seriously hazardous products. Thorough, fast and sensitive analytical tools are essential for monitoring of milk quality, and for screening of any objectionable contaminants. Biosensors represent an innovative, time-efficient and on-site solution to assess milk quality in addition to their specificity towards target analytes alongside high accuracy within such complex matrices. Most biosensors use antibodies, aptamers or enzymes as the bio-receptor and rely on optical, electrochemical or thermometric transduction to generate a signal. The simplest biosensors appear to be those based on a colorimetric assay, being simple and having a signal that can be detected visually. Electrochemical sensors are more specific and sensitive, though with more complicated designs, whereas thermometric sensors have not been thoroughly explored concerning biosensing contaminants in milk. This review discusses recent advances in the field of biosensors and analyzes the various methods of bio-recognition and transduction with regard to their advantages, limitations, and application to milk products. Additionally, challenges facing further development of these strategies to fulfil the increasing demand for fast and on-line milk quality control are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Chemistry Department, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marie Tanios
- Chemistry Department, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara AlKarimy
- Chemistry Department, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hany Ibrahim
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hania A Guirguis
- Chemistry Department, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
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28
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Evaluation of Protein and Antioxidant Content in Apricot Kernels as a Sustainable Additional Source of Nutrition. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13094742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Apricot fruits are a favorite for consumption; however, their kernels are a rich source of nutritionally interesting substances, too. Nevertheless, in processing of apricots, the kernels remain often unused. In this study, 32 cultivars of different origin were analyzed for their protein content and content of secondary metabolites (phenolics and flavonoids). The weight and taste of kernels were assessed and these data were summarized for an evaluation of the attractiveness of the studied apricot kernels. Results showed that the protein content of kernels ranged from 14.56% to 28.77% and did not depend on the origin or weight of kernel, or taste. In addition, total phenolic (63.5–1277.3 mg GAE/100 g DW) and total flavonoid (0–153.1 mg CE/100 g DW) contents and antioxidant capacity (483.4–2348.4 mg TE/100 g DW) were measured in kernels. In conclusion, the Czech hybrids LE-5959, LE-5500 and French cultivar Koolgat are prospective for kernel processing and consumption because of their high protein content and sweet taste. Hybrid LI-3-6, originating in China, showed high protein content as well but because of bitter taste could be useful rather in medicine.
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29
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Zaguri M, Kandel S, Rinehart SA, Torsekar VR, Hawlena D. Protein quantification in ecological studies: A literature review and empirical comparisons of standard methodologies. Methods Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Zaguri
- Risk‐Management Ecology Lab Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| | - Shani Kandel
- Risk‐Management Ecology Lab Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| | - Shelby A. Rinehart
- Risk‐Management Ecology Lab Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| | - Viraj R. Torsekar
- Risk‐Management Ecology Lab Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| | - Dror Hawlena
- Risk‐Management Ecology Lab Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
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30
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Lane M, Van Wychen S, Politis A, Laurens LM. A data-driven comparison of commercially available testing methods for algae characterization. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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McClements DJ, Weiss J, Kinchla AJ, Nolden AA, Grossmann L. Methods for Testing the Quality Attributes of Plant-Based Foods: Meat- and Processed-Meat Analogs. Foods 2021; 10:260. [PMID: 33513814 PMCID: PMC7911933 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The modern food system is seeing a change in consumption patterns provoked by several drivers-including ethical, health, and environmental concerns-that are increasing the sales of meat analog foods. This change is accompanied by increased research and development activities in the area of plant-based meats. The aim of the present review is to describe methods that are being employed by scientists to analyze and characterize the properties of meat alternatives and to propose standardized methods that could be utilized in the future. In particular, methods to determine the proximate composition, microstructure, appearance, textural properties, water-holding properties, cooking resilience, and sensory attributes, of plant-based meat are given. The principles behind these methods are presented, their utility is critically assessed, and practical examples will be discussed. This article will help to guide further studies and to choose appropriate methods to assess raw materials, processes, products, and consumption behavior of meat analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (D.J.M.); (A.J.K.); (A.A.N.)
| | - Jochen Weiss
- Department of Food Material Science, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 21/25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Amanda J. Kinchla
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (D.J.M.); (A.J.K.); (A.A.N.)
| | - Alissa A. Nolden
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (D.J.M.); (A.J.K.); (A.A.N.)
| | - Lutz Grossmann
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (D.J.M.); (A.J.K.); (A.A.N.)
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Pei J, Li C, Ren L, Zong S. Factors Influencing Cold Hardiness during Overwintering of Streltzoviella insularis (Lepidoptera: Cossidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:1254-1261. [PMID: 32161958 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Streltzoviella insularis (Staudinger) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) is a woodboring pest that severely damages urban and plain afforestation trees in northern China. Cold hardiness is an important strategy for the insect to survived during low winter temperatures. Understanding the strategy of S. insularis might provide insights for pest management approaches. To assess the key factors affecting cold hardiness, we measured the supercooling point, freezing point, total water content, total fat content, glycogen content, and total protein content of overwintering larvae. The relationships between supercooling points, temperature, body size, and nutrients were analyzed. The results showed that the supercooling point and freezing point of the larvae decreased first, reached the lowest point in January, and then increased during the rest of the overwintering period. The supercooling point positively correlated with the daily average temperature and the daily minimum temperature. Total lipid content negatively correlated with the supercooling point, while glycogen content had a significant positive correlation with the supercooling point. The temperature may have a major impact on cold hardiness, whereas individual body size may have no significant influence over cold tolerance. During the overwintering process, glycogen and total lipid contents may directly affect cold hardiness. Therefore, the lipid and carbohydrate metabolism may play a role in the cold tolerance of S. insularis larvae. This study provides a physiological and biochemical basis for future metabolic studies on S. insularis larva and the research of overwintering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahe Pei
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Sino-French joint Laboratory for Invasive Forest Pests in Eurasia, INRA- Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Sino-French joint Laboratory for Invasive Forest Pests in Eurasia, INRA- Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Sino-French joint Laboratory for Invasive Forest Pests in Eurasia, INRA- Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shixiang Zong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Sino-French joint Laboratory for Invasive Forest Pests in Eurasia, INRA- Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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33
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Lu Y, Fu TJ. Performance of Commercial Colorimetric Assays for Quantitation of Total Soluble Protein in Thermally Treated Milk Samples. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01748-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Chatzimichail S, Casey D, Salehi-Reyhani A. Zero electrical power pump for portable high-performance liquid chromatography. Analyst 2019; 144:6207-6213. [PMID: 31573005 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01302d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A major trend in analytical chemistry is the miniaturization of laboratory instrumentation. We report a pump requiring no power to operate based on the controlled expansion of a pre-pressurised gas for use in portable applications of high-performance liquid chromatography. The performance of the gas pump is characterised and integrated into a compact liquid chromatography system capable of isocratic separations integrating an LED-based UV-absorption detector. The system weighed 6.7 kg when the mobile phase reservoir was fully charged with 150 mL solvent and included an on-board computer to control the system and analyse data. We characterise the flow-rate through chromatography columns with a variety of geometries and packing materials for a range of pressures up to 150 bar. The maximum variation in flow rate was measured to be 6.5 nL min-1, limited by the resolution of the flow detector. All tests were made on battery power and results are a mixture of those made in the laboratory and in the field. Additionally, we performed a series of 1 m drop tests on the device and show the system's high tolerance to mechanical shocks during operation in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stelios Chatzimichail
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London, SE1 1DB, UK.
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35
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Khazaei H, Subedi M, Nickerson M, Martínez-Villaluenga C, Frias J, Vandenberg A. Seed Protein of Lentils: Current Status, Progress, and Food Applications. Foods 2019; 8:E391. [PMID: 31487958 PMCID: PMC6769807 DOI: 10.3390/foods8090391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Grain legumes are widely recognized as staple sources of dietary protein worldwide. Lentil seeds are an excellent source of plant-based proteins and represent a viable alternative to animal and soybean proteins for food processing formulations. Lentil proteins provide not only dietary amino acids but are also a source of bioactive peptides that provide health benefits. This review focuses on the current knowledge of seed protein, extraction and isolation methods, bioactive peptides, and food applications of lentil protein. Lentil is the most rapidly expanding crop for direct human consumption, and has potential for greater impact as a protein source for food processing applications. Improvements in lentil protein quality, amino acid composition, and processing fractions will enhance the nutritional quality of this rapidly expanding crop globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Khazaei
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada.
| | - Maya Subedi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Mike Nickerson
- Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Cristina Martínez-Villaluenga
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Jose Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Frias
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Jose Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Albert Vandenberg
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
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Faller AC, Arunachalam T, Shanmughanandhan D, Kesanakurti P, Shehata HR, Ragupathy S, Newmaster SG. Investigating appropriate molecular and chemical methods for ingredient identity testing of plant-based protein powder dietary supplements. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12130. [PMID: 31431646 PMCID: PMC6702227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48467-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based protein powders are rapidly growing in popularity, and outdated quality assurance tools expose vulnerabilities to adulteration via different methods of "protein spiking". Adequate diagnostic tools are urgently needed to be able to authenticate protein source ingredients and screen for potential adulterants. We explored the application of three diagnostic tools for ingredient identification: targeted PCR with Sanger sequencing, NGS, and LC-MS/MS. We collected 33 samples of common commercial products from the plant-based protein powder market and sought to identify botanical components using the three technologies. We found success in detection with all approaches, with at least one main protein source being identified by at least one approach in all samples. The investigation uncovered challenges to data collection or result interpretation with each technology including but not limited to amplification biases with PCR technologies, potential influence of DNA degradation, and issues with protein solubility during isolation. Ultimately, each platform demonstrated utility along with certain caveats, which epitomized the importance of orthogonality of testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Faller
- NHP Research Alliance, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Thirugnanasambandam Arunachalam
- NHP Research Alliance, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Dhivya Shanmughanandhan
- NHP Research Alliance, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Prasad Kesanakurti
- NHP Research Alliance, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Hanan R Shehata
- NHP Research Alliance, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Subramanyam Ragupathy
- NHP Research Alliance, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Steven G Newmaster
- NHP Research Alliance, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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Kraiem K, Kallali H, Wahab MA, Fra-Vazquez A, Mosquera-Corral A, Jedidi N. Comparative study on pilots between ANAMMOX favored conditions in a partially saturated vertical flow constructed wetland and a hybrid system for rural wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 670:644-653. [PMID: 30909042 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to evaluate the nitrogen removal in a single stage rural wastewater treatment system. It was a modified subsurface vertical flow (SSVF) constructed wetland. The so-called Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation(ANAMMOX) process is favored by imposing a saturated zone at the bottom of the basin. The nitrogen removal performances of this modified SSVF were compared to those of a conventional hybrid system where the well-known nitrification-denitrification process is performed. This study was carried out using three lab-scale pilots of constructed wetlands during four months: (1) a hybrid constructed wetlands with a reed-Phragmites australis SSVF bed in serial with a cattail-Typha angustofolia SSHF bed (SSVFp + SSHF). (2) A reed-Phragmites australis SSVF bed partially saturated at 40% of its depth (SSVFPS); (3) A cattail-Typha angustofolia SSVF bed partially saturated at 40% of its depth (SSVFTS). The results showed that the three configurations used in this study were efficient for most of the pollutants reduction. In fact, single-stage reactors have achieved similar chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal in comparison to the two-stage reactor independently of the macrophytes species. However, for Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), a slightly higher nitrogen removal efficiency was recorded for (SSVF p + SSHF) with an average removal rate of 53% versus 48% and 51% for SSVF PS and SSVFTS respectively. These findings were highlighted with fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis, which demonstrated the presence of major differences in the community composition and abundance of the bacteria involved with denitrification and nitrification in the three systems. In fact, SSVFP of the hybrid system was characterized by highest relative abundance of nitrifying bacteria (13% Nitrosomonas, 11% Nitrosospira, 14% Nitrospira and 10% Nitrobacter). While, the SSHF of hybrid system had larger number of denitrifying species than SSVF, with relative abundances of pseudomonas (3%), Paracoccus (9%), Zoogloea (6%), Thauera (4%), Thiobacillus (2%) and Aeromonas (1%). Interestingly, in the SSVFST (planted with Thypha angustofolia) where the relative abundance of nitrifying bacteria was very low (4% Nitrosomonas, 4% Nitrosospira, 4% Nitrospira and 1% Nitrobacter), we have detected the presence of ANAMMOX bacteria (3%). Accordingly SSVFST in the presence of Thypha angustofolia have favored the development of ANAMMOX activity in comparison to the other configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Kraiem
- Effluent Treatment and Valorization Laboratory (ETVL), Water Research and Technology Center (WATREC), Carthage University, Technopark Tourist Route of Soliman Nabeul, PO-box N°273-8020, Soliman, Tunisia; Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, B.P. no. 94 - ROMMANA, Tunis 1068, Tunisia.
| | - Hamadi Kallali
- Effluent Treatment and Valorization Laboratory (ETVL), Water Research and Technology Center (WATREC), Carthage University, Technopark Tourist Route of Soliman Nabeul, PO-box N°273-8020, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ali Wahab
- Effluent Treatment and Valorization Laboratory (ETVL), Water Research and Technology Center (WATREC), Carthage University, Technopark Tourist Route of Soliman Nabeul, PO-box N°273-8020, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Andrea Fra-Vazquez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technological Research, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rua Lope Gómez de Marzoa s/n, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Anukha Mosquera-Corral
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technological Research, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rua Lope Gómez de Marzoa s/n, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Naceur Jedidi
- Effluent Treatment and Valorization Laboratory (ETVL), Water Research and Technology Center (WATREC), Carthage University, Technopark Tourist Route of Soliman Nabeul, PO-box N°273-8020, Soliman, Tunisia
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38
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Jiao X, Meng Y, Wang K, Huang W, Li N, Liu TCY. Rapid Detection of Adulterants in Whey Protein Supplement by Raman Spectroscopy Combined with Multivariate Analysis. Molecules 2019; 24:E1889. [PMID: 31100965 PMCID: PMC6571825 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing demand for whey protein supplements has made them the target of adulteration with cheap substances. Therefore, Raman spectroscopy in tandem with chemometrics was proposed to simultaneously detect and quantify three common adulterants (creatine, l-glutamine and taurine) in whey protein concentrate (WPC) powder. Soft independent modeling class analogy (SIMCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models were built based on two spectral regions (400-1800 cm-1 and 500-1100 cm-1) to classify different types of adulterated samples. The most effective was the SIMCA model in 500-1100 cm-1 with an accuracy of 96.9% and an error rate of 5%. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) models for each adulterant were developed using two different Raman spectral ranges (400-1800 cm-1 and selected specific region) and data pretreatment methods. The determination coefficients (R2) of all models were higher than 0.96. PLSR models based on typical Raman regions (500-1100 cm-1 for creatine and taurine, the combination of range 800-1000 cm-1 and 1300-1500 cm-1 for glutamine) were superior to models in the full spectrum. The lowest root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) was 0.21%, 0.33%, 0.42% for creatine, taurine and glutamine, and the corresponding limit of detection (LOD) values for them were 0.53%, 0.71% and 1.13%, respectively. This proves that Raman spectroscopy with the help of multivariate approaches is a powerful method to detect adulterants in WPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhi Jiao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Laboratory of Photonic Chinese Medicine, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangdong 510631, China.
| | - Yaoyong Meng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Laboratory of Photonic Chinese Medicine, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangdong 510631, China.
| | - Kangkang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Laboratory of Photonic Chinese Medicine, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangdong 510631, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Laboratory of Photonic Chinese Medicine, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangdong 510631, China.
| | - Nan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Laboratory of Photonic Chinese Medicine, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangdong 510631, China.
| | - Timon Cheng-Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, South China Normal University, Guangdong 510631, China.
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39
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Characterization of bovine serum albumin hydrolysates prepared by subcritical water processing. Food Chem 2019; 278:203-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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40
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Kala R, Samková E, Hanuš O, Pecová L, Sekmokas K, Riaukienė D. Milk Protein Analysis: an Overview of the Methods - Development and Application. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201967010345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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41
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Wang C, Zhang Q, Liu X, Li G, Kong H, Khan MI, Xiao H, Wang Y, Liu W, Cao C. Double inner standard plot model of an electrophoresis titration chip for a portable and green assay of protein content in milk. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:484-492. [PMID: 30601538 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc01015c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
High portability and environmental safety ("green") are two of the most important objectives pursued by microfluidic methods. However, there remain many challenges for the design of portable and visual microfluidic methods (e.g., chip electrophoresis) due to use of a cumbersome pump, power supply and detector. Herein, a facile double inner standard plot (DISP) model of electrophoresis titration (ET) was proposed for portable and visual assay of proteins in test milk samples without use of a pump, power supply or detector based on a moving reaction boundary (MRB) chip. The DISP-ET model predicted that: (i) by setting the upper limit (UL) and lower limit (LL) of double inner standard milk protein contents, points U and L were, respectively, achieved in the relationship D = -aC + b (D: MRB motion distance; C: protein content); and (ii) the two points divided both the C-axis and D-axis into "poor", "eligible" and "superior" rulers scaled for quantitative assay of test samples. To demonstrate the model of DISP-ET, an original portable device (120 mm × 78 mm × 30 mm, 341 g) was designed, which had a chip (25 mm × 25 mm × 4 mm) of three channels (15 mm × 200 μm × 80 μm), platinum electrodes, a lithium cell and touch screen. A series of experiments were undertaken based on the developed portable device. The relevant experiments demonstrated systemically the validity of the DISP-ET model, theory and method. In particular, the experiments clearly showed the advantages of the DISP-ET chip: portability, visuality, green use, rapidity, and flexibility for real-life use. Finally, the device was applied for a portable and visual assay of fresh milk from a cow on a dairy farm. The DISP-ET model opens a window for designing portable and visual quantitative methods of food-safety control and clinical diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunhuai Wang
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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42
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Krul ES. Calculation of Nitrogen‐to‐Protein Conversion Factors: A Review with a Focus on Soy Protein. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine S. Krul
- PresidentEKSci, LLC 594 Gederson Lane, Saint Louis MO 63122 USA
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43
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Loveday SM. Food Proteins: Technological, Nutritional, and Sustainability Attributes of Traditional and Emerging Proteins. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2019; 10:311-339. [PMID: 30649962 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-032818-121128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Protein is an essential macronutrient and a key structural component of many foods. The nutritional and technological properties of food protein ingredients depend on their source, extraction and purification, modification during food manufacture, and interactions with other food components. In addition to covering these elements, this review seeks to highlight underappreciated aspects of protein environmental sustainability and explores the potential of cultured meat and insect-derived proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M Loveday
- Food and Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch Limited, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
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44
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A systematic evaluation of various methods for quantifying food protein hydrolysate peptides. Food Chem 2019; 270:25-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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45
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Montemurro M, Schwaighofer A, Schmidt A, Culzoni MJ, Mayer HK, Lendl B. High-throughput quantitation of bovine milk proteins and discrimination of commercial milk types by external cavity-quantum cascade laser spectroscopy and chemometrics. Analyst 2019; 144:5571-5579. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an00746f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mid-infrared (IR) external cavity-quantum cascade laser (EC-QCL) spectroscopy combined with partial least square modeling (PLS) enables quantitation of bovine milk proteins and discrimination of commercial milk types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Montemurro
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics
- Vienna University of Technology
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ)
| | - Andreas Schwaighofer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics
- Vienna University of Technology
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Anatol Schmidt
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- Food Chemistry Laboratory
- BOKU – University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
- 1190 Vienna
- Austria
| | - María J. Culzoni
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ)
- Cátedra de Química Analítica I
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas
- Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET
- Ciudad Universitaria
| | - Helmut K. Mayer
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- Food Chemistry Laboratory
- BOKU – University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
- 1190 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Bernhard Lendl
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics
- Vienna University of Technology
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
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46
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Liu Z, Minor M, Morel PCH, Najar-Rodriguez AJ. Bioconversion of Three Organic Wastes by Black Soldier Fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 47:1609-1617. [PMID: 30371752 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvy141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the suitability of several organic waste substrates to be processed by the larvae of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) (BSFL) in a value-added bioconversion system. Three types of organic waste (brewer's waste, solid phase of pig manure, and semidigested grass) were tested and compared with a standard larval diet, broll (wheat middling). Larval survival and growth, chemical composition of the resulting prepupae, conversion ratios of nutrients and waste dry matter, and waste reduction rate were measured. Larval survival was high in all tested substrates. Compared with the larvae fed pig manure or semidigested grass, those fed standard diet or brewer's waste showed shorter development time, higher weight gain, and higher prepupal crude protein and crude fat content. BSFL also reduce more dry matter in the standard diet or in brewer's waste than in the other two substrates. On the other hand, larvae fed semidigested grass took 70 d to complete development and suffered fat loss. Thus, we suggest that brewer's waste is the most suitable substrate among the selected wastes for being processed by BSFL, whereas semidigested grass is an unsuitable substrate. We found that lignin had a significantly negative effect on larval growth, and emphasized the importance of applying lignin-digesting microorganisms to lignin-rich substrates being converted by BSFL. Moreover, a protein:fat:digestible carbohydrate ratio of 2:1:2 was hypothesized to benefit larval development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Liu
- Wildlife & Ecology Group, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Applied Entomology Group, Plant and Food Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Maria Minor
- Wildlife & Ecology Group, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Patrick C H Morel
- Monogastric Research Center, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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47
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Lukacs M, Bazar G, Pollner B, Henn R, Kirchler CG, Huck CW, Kovacs Z. Near infrared spectroscopy as an alternative quick method for simultaneous detection of multiple adulterants in whey protein-based sports supplement. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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48
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Luo A, Zheng Y, Chen X, Cong F. Undergraduate laboratory experiment on determination of total protein content in milk powder by moving reaction boundary titration. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION : A BIMONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 46:644-651. [PMID: 30387293 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.21177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory exercises focused on protein quantification are frequently conducted in traditional undergraduate biochemistry laboratory curriculum. The laboratory course described here is designed to provide students with experience in measurement of protein content in milk powder by moving reaction boundary titration (MRBT), a new rapid technique for total protein content determination in milk. In addition, this approach is weakly influenced by nonprotein nitrogen reagents such as melamine and urea. The course was done as three weekly laboratory exercises. First, students established a standard curve for milk protein concentration by MRBT method. Then, students investigated the influence of nonprotein nitrogen reagents on MRBT method. Finally, students made a comparison among three different protein quantification methods (MRBT, Biuret, and Kjeldahl method). From the experiments, students grasped the concept and advantages of MRBT and deepened the understanding of protein quantification. This course offer students the opportunity to be exposed to an advanced technique, which may have practical significance to their future study and work in the life science field. © 2018 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46(6):644-651, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anling Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youli Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengsong Cong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Limm W, Karunathilaka SR, Yakes BJ, Mossoba MM. A portable mid-infrared spectrometer and a non-targeted chemometric approach for the rapid screening of economically motivated adulteration of milk powder. Int Dairy J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Sapucaia nut (Lecythis pisonis Cambess.) flour as a new industrial ingredient: Physicochemical, thermal, and functional properties. Food Res Int 2018; 109:572-582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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