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Glette MK, Kringeland T, Samal L, Bates DW, Wiig S. A qualitative study of leaders' experiences of handling challenges and changes induced by the COVID-19 pandemic in rural nursing homes and homecare services. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:442. [PMID: 38594669 PMCID: PMC11005178 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-10935-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on healthcare services globally. In care settings such as small rural nursing homes and homes care services leaders were forced to confront, and adapt to, both new and ongoing challenges to protect their employees and patients and maintain their organization's operation. The aim of this study was to assess how healthcare leaders, working in rural primary healthcare services, led nursing homes and homecare services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, the study sought to explore how adaptations to changes and challenges induced by the pandemic were handled by leaders in rural nursing homes and homecare services. METHODS The study employed a qualitative explorative design with individual interviews. Nine leaders at different levels, working in small, rural nursing homes and homecare services in western Norway were included. RESULTS Three main themes emerged from the thematic analysis: "Navigating the role of a leader during the pandemic," "The aftermath - management of COVID-19 in rural primary healthcare services", and "The benefits and drawbacks of being small and rural during the pandemic." CONCLUSIONS Leaders in rural nursing homes and homecare services handled a multitude of immediate challenges and used a variety of adaptive strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic. While handling their own uncertainty and rapidly changing roles, they also coped with organizational challenges and adopted strategies to maintain good working conditions for their employees, as well as maintain sound healthcare management. The study results establish the intricate nature of resilient leadership, encompassing individual resilience, personality, governance, resource availability, and the capability to adjust to organizational and employee requirements, and how the rural context may affect these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Knutsen Glette
- SHARE - Center for Resilience in Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.
- Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Haugesund, Norway.
| | - Tone Kringeland
- Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Haugesund, Norway
| | - Lipika Samal
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David W Bates
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Siri Wiig
- SHARE - Center for Resilience in Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
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Beks H, Walsh SM, Binder MJ, Jones M, Versace VL. Contribution of nurse leaders to rural and remote health research in Australia: A non-systematic scoping review. Collegian 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colegn.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hawkins N, Jeong S, Smith T. Negative workplace behavior and coping strategies among nurses: A cross-sectional study. Nurs Health Sci 2020; 23:123-135. [PMID: 32914557 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Negative workplace behavior affecting nurses is an internationally recognized problem. This study examines the types and extent of negative workplace behavior experienced by nurses in non-metropolitan, regional acute care settings and their ways of coping when subject to that behavior. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 74 nurse participants in four regional hospitals in Australia. The structured questionnaire consisted of four parts: demographic questions, the Negative Acts Questionnaire - Revised, questions on exposure to bullying and/or incivility and policy awareness and use of pathways, and the Ways of Coping Questionnaire. Overall, 34% of participants were exposed to bullying and 49% to incivility over the previous month. The most common type of negative workplace behavior reported was "work-related bullying," which included exposure to excessive workloads, unrealistic deadlines, and information being withheld. Nurses reported the use of a variety of coping mechanisms, including problem-focused coping strategies and seeking social support. The findings imply that negative workplace behaviors occur not only at individual nurses' level but also derive from the broader contexts of organizational management and systemic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Hawkins
- The School of Nursing & Midwifery, The University of Newcastle, Taree, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah Jeong
- The School of Nursing & Midwifery, The University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tony Smith
- Department of Rural Health, The University of Newcastle, Taree, New South Wales, Australia
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Roji G, Jooste K. Perceptions of nurses on access to structural empowerment in a hospital in the Western Cape. Curationis 2020; 43:e1-e9. [PMID: 32787427 PMCID: PMC7433236 DOI: 10.4102/curationis.v43i1.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Structural empowerment is an ever-evolving concept interpreted and applied in many different ways as it focuses on the structures in a healthcare organisation to allow competent nurses to manage empowering opportunities in a professional manner. At a public hospital in the Western Cape, nurses complained about a lack of access to structural empowerment in a hospital, including structures of power, such as clear information, to partake in important decisions. Objectives The purpose of this study was to describe how nurse managers could support nurses in accessing structural empowerment through power resources. Method A quantitative design was followed with a survey. The accessible population in this study was different categories of nurses of professional, enrolled and assistant nurses (N = 200), which were on duty at the time of data gathering. The sample was selected by means of probability sampling (n = 110). An existing instrument based on a five-point Likert scale was distributed that took 45 minutes to complete. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated, and the chi-square was used to indicate statistical significance differences among the nursing categories on the items (p < 0.05). Results The general results indicated that the majority of nurses had challenges to access structural empowerment through power sources (information, support and resources). Significant differences were found between nurse categories for having the necessary supplies for the job (p = 0.043) and rewards for unusual job performance (p = 0.023). Those aspects on which no significant differences were found are of utmost importance, as they indicate the urgency of addressing limitations in power sources for all categories of nurses. Conclusion Empowerment can be achieved by enabling access to structural empowerment through power sources (i.e. opportunities, information, resources and support) at different levels for all categories of nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladness Roji
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town.
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Ortega J, Hooshmand M, Foronda C, Padron M, Simon D, Waters M, Cassiani S, Montano NP. Developing nurse leaders across the Americas: evaluation of an online nursing leadership course. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2018; 42:e152. [PMID: 31093180 PMCID: PMC6386060 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2018.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of leadership capacities in the nursing workforce is essential to achieving universal health in the Region of the Americas. This evaluation considered the effectiveness of an online leadership course offered in English and Spanish to nurses throughout Latin America and the Caribbean. The online course was an asynchronous eight-module leadership nursing course created and offered by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) Virtual Campus. A retrospective, descriptive design was used to evaluate learner performance data from the modules. Learner performance on the course was analyzed. Electronic surveys were distributed to individuals who withdrew prior to course completion to obtain information regarding the reason for withdrawal. In all, 289 individuals from 41 countries participated in the online course. Learner performance demonstrated improvement from pre- to post-test. The most frequent reason for not completing the course was being too busy with other obligations. The Spanish-language course version received more enrollment applications than any other course in the virtual campus' 12-year history. The evaluation concluded that continuing education that develops nursing leadership is desired across Latin America and the Caribbean. Online education through the PAHO Virtual Campus may be a low-cost yet powerful means of disseminating knowledge to the nursing workforce throughout the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johis Ortega
- University of Miami School of Nursing and Health Studies, Coral Gables, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mary Hooshmand
- University of Miami School of Nursing and Health Studies, Coral Gables, Florida, United States of America
| | - Cynthia Foronda
- Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) / World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center, University of Miami School of Nursing and Health Studies, Coral Gables, Florida, United States
| | - Maria Padron
- Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) / World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center, University of Miami School of Nursing and Health Studies, Coral Gables, Florida, United States
| | - Desiree Simon
- University of Miami School of Nursing and Health Studies, Coral Gables, Florida, United States of America
| | - Michelle Waters
- University of Miami School of Nursing and Health Studies, Coral Gables, Florida, United States of America
| | - Silvia Cassiani
- Health Systems and Services, PAHO/WHO, Washington, D.C., United States
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Burman ME, Fahrenwald NL. Academic nursing leadership in a rural setting: Different game, same standards. J Prof Nurs 2018; 34:128-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Leading-following, as defined by Parse, is "deliberately innovating with potent engaging in persistently pursuing excellence. It is an indivisible, unpredictable, ever changing cocreation." Parse noted that processes forming the essence of leading-following require commitment, risk-taking, acknowledging ambiguity, respecting others, and vigilance. There is a bond between members of society and nurses-an expectation that nurses will provide care to individuals, families, and communities. Nursing is a profession where the potential to create meaning in healthcare has not yet been fully realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Stewart Fahs
- 1 Professor and Associate Dean, Decker Chair in Rural Nursing, Decker School of Nursing, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
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10
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Knight KM, Kenny A, Endacott R. Gaps in governance: protective mechanisms used by nurse leaders when policy and practice are misaligned. BMC Health Serv Res 2015; 15:145. [PMID: 25884686 PMCID: PMC4396727 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-015-0827-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to large geographical distances, the telephone is central to enabling rural Australian communities to access care from their local health service. While there is a history of rural nurses providing care via the telephone, it has been a highly controversial practice that is not routinely documented and little is known about how the practice is governed. The lack of knowledge regarding governance extends to the role of Directors of Nursing as clinical leaders charged with the responsibility of ensuring practice safety, quality, regulation and risk management. The purpose of this study was to identify clinical governance processes related to managing telephone presentations, and to explore Directors of Nursing perceptions of processes and clinical practices related to the management of telephone presentations to health services in rural Victoria, Australia. METHODS Qualitative documentary analysis and semi structured interviews were used in the study to examine the content of health service policies and explore the perceptions of Directors of Nursing in eight rural health services regarding policy content and enactment when people telephone rural health services for care. Participants were purposively selected for their knowledge and leadership role in governance processes and clinical practice. Data from the interviews were analysed using framework analysis. The process of analysis resulted in the identification of five themes. RESULTS The majority of policies reviewed provided little guidance for managing telephone presentations. The Directors of Nursing perceived policy content and enactment to be largely inadequate. When organisational structures failed to provide appropriate governance for the context, the Directors of Nursing engaged in protective mechanisms to support rural nurses who manage telephone presentations. CONCLUSIONS Rural Directors of Nursing employed intuitive behaviours to protect rural nurses practicing within a clinical governance context that is inadequate for the complexities of the environment. Protective mechanisms provided indicators of clinical leadership and governance effectiveness, which may assist rural nurse leaders to strengthen quality and safe care by unlocking the potential of intuitive behaviours. Kanter's theory of structural power provides a way of conceptualising these protective mechanisms, illustrating how rural nurse leaders enact power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaye M Knight
- La Trobe Rural Health School, Bendigo, VIC, Australia.
| | - Amanda Kenny
- La Trobe Rural Health School, Bendigo, VIC, Australia.
| | - Ruth Endacott
- Centre for Health and Social Care Innovation, Faculty of Health and Human Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth UK & Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Buckner E, Anderson D, Garzon N, Hafsteinsdóttir T, Lai C, Roshan R. Perspectives on global nursing leadership: international experiences from the field. Int Nurs Rev 2014; 61:463-71. [DOI: 10.1111/inr.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E.B. Buckner
- College of Nursing; University of South Alabama; Mobile AL USA
| | - D.J. Anderson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery; Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - N. Garzon
- School of Nursing; Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Bogota Colombia
- International Council of Nurses (1985-1989)
| | - T.B. Hafsteinsdóttir
- Department of Rehabililtation; Nursing Science and Sport; Rudolf Magnus Institute; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
- The Research Center for Innovations in Health Care; University of Applied Sciences Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
- Faculty of Nursing; University of Iceland; Reykjavík Iceland
| | - C.K.Y. Lai
- School of Nursing; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hong Kong SAR
| | - R. Roshan
- Quality and Patient Safety; Aga Khan University Hospital; Karachi Pakistan
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Fardellone C, Musil CM, Smith E, Click ER. Leadership Behaviors of Frontline Staff Nurses. J Contin Educ Nurs 2014; 45:506-13. [DOI: 10.3928/00220124-20141023-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Trede F, McEwen C, Kenny A, O'Meara P. Supervisors' experiences of workplace supervision of nursing and paramedic students in rural settings: a scoping review. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2014; 34:783-8. [PMID: 24698307 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We present our findings from a scoping review that sought to identify what is known about nursing and paramedic clinical supervisors' experiences of their supervision practices in rural settings. Our interest in these two groups is based on the central role that nurses and paramedics play in rural health care. DESIGN Scoping reviews support identification of a broad range of literature, including all types of study designs. We adopted Arksey and O'Malley's five-stage approach: identifying the research question; identifying relevant studies; study selection; charting the data; and collating, summarising and reporting results. DATA SOURCES Databases searched included Academic Search Complete, Springer, Factiva, ProQuest, Ebsco, Informit, VOCEDplus and Scopus. REVIEW METHOD Based on our research question and inclusion and exclusion criteria we selected relevant literature and summarised and reported it using Arksey and O'Malley's framework. RESULTS The review yielded five articles from four countries: Sweden, Belgium, Malaysia and Australia. CONCLUSION From this scoping review, we identified key themes related to supervisors' experiences, including clarification of expectations, support from managers and colleagues, the need for shared understanding between university, students and supervisors and required skills and competence in supervising students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Trede
- The Education For Practice Institute, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 450, Silverwater, NSW 2128, Australia.
| | - Celina McEwen
- The Education For Practice Institute, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 450, Silverwater, NSW 2128, Australia.
| | - Amanda Kenny
- La Trobe Rural Health School, Faculty of Health Sciences, La Trobe University Health Sciences, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia.
| | - Peter O'Meara
- La Trobe Rural Health School, Faculty of Health Sciences, La Trobe University Health Sciences, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia.
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Abstract
This essay focuses on various types of literature reviews, including scoping reviews, realist reviews, and integrative reviews. As contributions to understanding the state of nursing science about a particular topic, each literature review should be but rarely is guided by a nursing conceptual model, and the research findings should be but rarely are interpreted as theories that were generated or tested. Examples that are exceptions to usual literature reviews are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Fawcett
- Department of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Boston, ME 02125-3393, USA.
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