1
|
Stearns FM, Eichel HJ. Pyridine Nucleotide-Linked Lactate Dehydrogenase of Tetrahymena: Evidence for D- and L-Enzymes in the Mitochondria. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2021; 68:e12851. [PMID: 33749960 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An NAD-linked lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in a crude mitochondrial fraction obtained from Tetrahymena homogenates was previously reported by this laboratory. This fraction contains the NADH and succinate oxidase system as well as the mitochondrial cytochromes and carries out oxidative phosphorylation. The preparation catalyzes the oxidation of D- and L-lactate linked only to certain analogs of NAD; it has not been possible to demonstrate NAD-dependent D- or L-lactate oxidation nor is there any evidence that either of these enzymes is a flavoprotein as indicated by their inability to reduce directly certain artificial electron acceptors. A lactate racemase is not present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank M Stearns
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Hahnemann Medical College, 230 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19102, USA
| | - Herbert J Eichel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Hahnemann Medical College, 230 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19102, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hong S, Dechaumphai E, Green CR, Lal R, Murphy AN, Metallo CM, Chen R. Sub-nanowatt microfluidic single-cell calorimetry. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2982. [PMID: 32532969 PMCID: PMC7292832 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16697-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive and label-free calorimetry could become a disruptive technique to study single cell metabolic heat production without altering the cell behavior, but it is currently limited by insufficient sensitivity. Here, we demonstrate microfluidic single-cell calorimetry with 0.2-nW sensitivity, representing more than ten-fold enhancement over previous record, which is enabled by (i) a low-noise thermometry platform with ultralow long-term (10-h) temperature noise (80 μK) and (ii) a microfluidic channel-in-vacuum design allowing cell flow and nutrient delivery while maintaining a low thermal conductance of 2.5 μW K−1. Using Tetrahymena thermophila as an example, we demonstrate on-chip single-cell calorimetry measurement with metabolic heat rates ranging from 1 to 4 nW, which are found to correlate well with the cell size. Finally, we perform real-time monitoring of metabolic rate stimulation by introducing a mitochondrial uncoupling agent to the microchannel, enabling determination of the spare respiratory capacity of the cells. Calorimetrically measuring the heat of single cells is currently not possible due to the sensitivity of existing calorimeters. Here the authors present on-chip single cell calorimetry, with a sensitivity over ten-fold greater than the current gold-standard.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahngki Hong
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Edward Dechaumphai
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Courtney R Green
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ratneshwar Lal
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Anne N Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Christian M Metallo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Renkun Chen
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. .,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
CONNER ROBERTL, CLINE SYLVIAG. Some Factors Governing Respiration, Glucose Metabolism and Iodoacetate Sensitivity in Tetrahymena pyriformis*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1967.tb01441.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
4
|
|
5
|
COX DUDLEY. Prolonged Survival ofTetrahymenaat 0.5 C in Citrated, Lecithinized, Defined Media. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1970.tb02345.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
6
|
BUTZEL HENRYM, FISCHER JANICE. The Effects of Purine and Pyrimidines Upon Transformation inTetrahymena vorax, StrainV2S1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1983.tb02910.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
7
|
RYALS PHILLIPE, SMITH-SOMERVILLE HARRIETTE. Studies of Macrostome Formation of Low-TransformingTetrahymena vorax.Transformation Enhancers, Generation Time, and Membrane Fluidity1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1986.tb05627.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
8
|
CONNER RL, CLINE SG, KOROLY MJ, HAMILTON B. A Method for Harvesting Mass Cultures ofTetrahymena pyriformis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1966.tb01923.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
9
|
SCHICK BARBARAP, CONNER ROBERTL. In Vivo Incorporation of a Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid into thesn-C-1 andsn-C-2 Positions ofTetrahymenaGlycerophospholipids1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1981.tb02859.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
10
|
Leondaritis G, Galanopoulou D. Characterization of inositol phospholipids and identification of a mastoparan-induced polyphosphoinositide response in Tetrahymena pyriformis. Lipids 2000; 35:525-32. [PMID: 10907787 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-000-552-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The unicellular eukaryote Tetrahymena is a popular model for the study of lipid metabolism. Less attention, however, has been given to the inositol phospholipids of the cell, although it is known that this class of lipids plays an important role in eukaryotic cell signaling. Tetrahymena pyriformis phosphatidylinositol was isolated, purified, and characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance analysis and [2-(3)H]myoinositol labeling. Labeling was also used for polyphosphoinositide (phosphatidylinositol phosphate and phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate) identification. Tetrahymena inositol phospholipids were found to belong to the diacylglycerol group, although major Tetrahymena phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine and aminoethylphosphonoglycerides, have been found to be mainly alkylacylglyceroderivatives. Further characterization of Tetrahymena phosphatidylinositol by gas chromatographic analysis indicated that 80% of fatty acids were myristic acid and palmitic acid. This is also in contrast to the fatty acid profile of Tetrahymena phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, with respect both to the fatty acid length and degree of unsaturation, and may indicate that specific diacylglycerol species are connected with the phosphatidylinositol metabolism in this cell. Treatment of [3H]inositol-labeled Tetrahymena cells with mastoparan, a G-protein-activating peptide, induced changes in the polyphosphoinositide levels, suggesting that inositol phospholipids may form in Tetrahymena a functional signaling system similar to that of higher eukaryotes. Addition of 10 microM mastoparan resulted in a rapid and transient increase in [3H]phosphatidylinositol phosphate followed by a decrease in [3H]phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate. Similar changes in lipids have been reported when phosphoinositide-phospholipase C pathway is activated in both animal and plant cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Leondaritis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Schousboe P, Christensen ST, Ghiladi M, Rasmussen L. Porphyrin rings and phospholipids: stimulators of cloning efficiency in certain species of Tetrahymena. THE JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY 1992; 39:343-5. [PMID: 1578410 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1992.tb01327.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Species of Tetrahymena, including T. vorax, T. thermophila, T. pyriformis, and T. pigmentosa, were tested for cloning efficiency in proteose peptone and in synthetic nutrient media to which were added hemin, protoporphyrin IX, chlorophyllin, or asolectin, an impure mixture of phospholipids. All species could be cloned with high efficiency in the crude media. In unsupplemented synthetic medium the cloning efficiencies were 0-10%, around 50%, around 50%, and 90-100% for T. thermophila, T. vorax, T. pyriformis, and T. pigmentosa, respectively. The first three were all stimulated to 90-100% by addition of the porphyrin or phospholipid compounds mentioned above. Uroporphyrin III and coproporphyrin I and III had no effect. We suggest that cells unable to form clones suffer from a lack of cellular energy. This situation may be alleviated by our additions, certain porphyrin rings may be built into cytochromes and phospholipids may be used as fuel. Thus, the synthetic media used so far for these ciliates have not been optimal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Schousboe
- Institute of Medical Biology, Department of Anatomy and Cytology, Odense University, Denmark
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
McKee T, Prescott DJ. Characterization of the extracellular ribonuclease of Tetrahymena pyriformis W. THE JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY 1991; 38:465-71. [PMID: 1920145 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1991.tb04818.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Several investigations have indicated that Tetrahymena pyriformis secretes ribonuclease activity into culture media. The extracellular ribonuclease from strain W has been purified and partially characterized. The molecular weight was determined by gel filtration to be 26,500. The amino acid composition of the enzyme was compared with those of the three intracellular ribonucleases characterized by Trangas, and substantial differences were demonstrated. The extracellular enzyme hydrolyzed both polyadenylic and polyuridylic acids, indicating lack of absolute base specificity. The hydrolysis of polyadenylic acid followed normal Michaelis-Menten kinetics, but substrate inhibition occurred at high concentrations of polyuridylic acid. The hydrolysis of polyuridylic acid was competitively inhibited by 2'- and 3'-cytidine, guanine, and uridine nucleotides, and by 2'AMP. No inhibition of the hydrolysis of Torula yeast RNA was detected. The kinetic properties of the extracellular ribonuclease are compared with those of the intracellular enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T McKee
- Department of Biology, Bryn Mawr College, Pennsylvania 19010
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
The ciliate, Tetrahymena, was provided a supplement of the fatty acid [1-14 C]18:2 delta 6.9. After a period of growth the cells were claimed, the lipids extracted, the polar lipids recovered and the mild alkali-labile fatty acid methyl esters generated. The fatty acids were resolved by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), the 18:3 delta 6.9,12(gamma-linolenic acid) was recovered and its identity verified by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas liquid chromatography (GLC), hydrogenation and oxidation. Fifty-three percent of the cell-associated label was found in gamma-linolenic acid; thus, a delta 12 fatty acid desaturase converts the 6,9 octadecadienoic acid to the 6,9,12 derivative. No carboxyl or methyl terminus restriction appears on delta 9 monoenoic or dienoic fatty acid desaturation in this cell as is found in higher plants and animals.
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Reinhart MP, Koroly MJ. Analysis of nucleotides from Tetrahymena by high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Biochem 1982; 119:392-6. [PMID: 7072957 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(82)90603-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
16
|
Lund-Katz S, Conner RL. The effect of temperature on the 1-O-alkyl content of the glycerophospholipids in Tetrahymena. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1981; 101:837-45. [PMID: 7306116 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(81)91826-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
17
|
Adrian GS, Keenan RW. Isolation and characterization of dolichols from Tetrahymena pyriformis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1981; 663:637-44. [PMID: 6784768 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(81)90074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Dolichols of Tetrahymena pyriformis were isolated and characterized by TLC, HPLC and mass spectrometry. Four strains of Tetrahymena were studied and found to have relatively small amounts of dolichol, from 0.26 to 2.60 mg dolichol/kg wet weight. All four strains had approximately the same relative proportions of isoprenologs, dolichol-13 (2%), dolichol-14 (74%), dolichol-15 (23%), and dolichol-16 (less than 1%). Tetrahymena dolichols were found mainly in the mitochondrial subcellular fraction (86%). The pellicle fraction contained 9% and the microsomal fraction, 5% of the remaining dolichol. Free dolichol has also been found in the mitochondrial fraction of four other organisms. We were not able to demonstrate dolichyl esters in these organisms, but their presence is inferred, because reduced yields of dolichol were obtained if the lipid extracts were not saponified prior to HPLC assay.
Collapse
|
18
|
Cassel DL, Ragona DG, Carriero L, Kempe JA, Conner RL. Metabolism of odd-numbered, normal fatty acids in Tetrahymena pyriformis W. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1981; 663:121-33. [PMID: 6783106 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(81)90199-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Tetrahymena pyriformis W cells were grown with short- and long-chain, odd and even normal fatty acid supplements. Tris acetate addition had no effect on the fatty acyl composition of the glycerophospholipids or sphingolipids, while Tris propionate supplementation led to a marked increase in odd normal fatty acids at the expense of even normal acids in both classes of complex lipids. This enhancement of odd normal acids permitted the identification of 17:1 delta 9(n), 17:2 delta 6,9(n), 17:2 delta 9,12(n), 17:3 delta 6,9,12(n), 19:1 delta 9(n), 19:2 delta 9,12(n) and 19:3 delta 6,9,12(n) by oxidation with periodate-permanganate and examination of the short-chain fragments. Supplementation with pentadecanoic acid (15:0(n)) led to an increase in the proportions of normal C15, C17 and C19 acids. The increase in C15 acids primarily reflected a rise in 15:0(n), whereas the rise in the levels of C17 and C19 acids was accounted for by an elevation of unsaturated acids. Growth with heptadecanoic acid (17:0(n)) resulted in substantial increases in unsaturated normal C17 and C19 fatty acids, while nonadecanoic acid (19:0(n)) addition led only to an increase in the proportion of unsaturated C19 acids. Retroconversion of these saturated, odd normal long chain fatty acid supplements was limited. Supplementation with arachidic acid (20:0(n)) resulted in only a marginal increase (1.4%) in normal C20 fatty acids of both the glycerophospholipids and the mild alkali labile neutral lipids and provided no evidence that desaturation occurred. The release of 14CO2 from [1-14C]arachidic acid when incubated with the ciliates indicated that this long-chain saturate is accumulated, activated and degraded. Normal C16-C19 saturated fatty acids are substrates for the delta 9 desaturase. The delta 11 isomers arise by chain elongation. Normal C16-C19 delta 9 monoenoic acids are substrates for the delta 12 desaturase. Normal C16-C18 delta 9 monoenes, normal C16-C19 delta 9,12 dienes and 18:1 delta 11(n) are desaturated at the C-6,7 position.
Collapse
|
19
|
Ragona DG, Cassel DL, Harnick VM, Conner RL. Metabolism of branched-chain fatty acids in Tetrahymena pyriformis W. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1981; 663:134-42. [PMID: 6783107 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(81)90200-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
20
|
Bouvier P, Berger Y, Rohmer M, Ourisson G. Non-specific biosynthesis of gammacerane derivatives by a cell-free system from the protozoon Tetrahymena pyriformis. Conformations of squalene, (3S)-squalene epoxide and (3R)-squalene epoxide during the cyclization. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1980; 112:549-56. [PMID: 6780347 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1980.tb06119.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
1. A cell-free system from the protozoon Tetrahymena pyriformis was incubated with either [12-3H]squalene or (RS)-2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydro-[12,13-3H]squalene. Squalene was cyclized into tetrahymanol whereas racemic squalene epoxide was transformed into gammacerane-3 alpha,21 alpha-diol and gammacerane-3 beta,21 alpha-diol. After cyclization of (RS)-2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydro-[3-3H]squalene, both epimeric gammaceranediols were labelled with a tritium atom located at C-3, showing that no isomerization via a 3-oxo compound occurred. 2. The proton NMR spectra of the cyclization products of synthetic (2E, 22E)-(1,1,1,24,24,24-2H6)squalene and (RS)-(22E)-2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydro-(1,1,1,24,24,24-2H6)squalene show that squalene and the (3S)enantiomer of its epoxide are cyclized in an all pre-chair conformation, whereas the (3R) enantiomer of squalene epoxide is cyclized in a pre-boat conformation as concerns the cycle A. 3. The squalene cyclase of T. pyriformis presents the same lack of substrate specificity as the cyclase of Acetobacter pasteurianum: in addition to squalene, its normal substrate, it also cyclizes both enantiomers of its epoxide. This conformational versatility is characteristic of squalene cyclases but no longer exists in the squalene epoxide cyclases from eukaryotes.
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Simple media for Tetrahymena, using rat gut or soybean as the nutrient source are described. Cultures can be maintained in these media up to one year at room temperature.
Collapse
|
22
|
Schick BP, Harpul LG, Conner RL. The effect of temperature on unsaturated fatty acid loss in Tetrahymena pyriformis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1979; 575:475-8. [PMID: 117840 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(79)90119-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cultures of Tetrahymena pyriformis W incorporate exogenous 3-[14C]-cilienic acid and gamma-[1(-14)C] linolenic acid, terminal products of unsaturated fatty acid synthesis, into glycerophosphatides without randomization of the radiolabel. There was no difference in the rate of loss of each of the two acids at 15 or 28.5 degrees C. Differential turnover of these fatty acids, therefore, does not appear to be the cause of the shift in fatty acid pattern observed with temperature reduction.
Collapse
|
23
|
Adrian GS, Keenan RW. A dolichyl phosphate-cleaving acid phosphatase from Tetrahymena pyriformis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1979; 575:431-8. [PMID: 229909 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(79)90112-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahymena pyriformis contains an enzyme which hydrolyzed dolichyl phosphate. This activity was solubilized from lyophilized samples of this organism and was relatively stable when stored frozen. The soluble enzyme preparation had an acid pH optimum and hydrolyzed both dolichyl and phytanyl phosphates at equivalent rates. The polyprenylphosphate phosphatase activity was compared with the acid phosphatases which hydrolyzed p-nitrophenyl phosphate and marked differences were found. Dolichyl phosphate hydrolysis required Mg2+ for maximum activity while the bulk of the phosphatase activity was not effected by the absence of this ion. Other differences were that the polyprenylphosphate phosphatase was relatively insensitive to inhibitors such as tartrate and vanadium oxide sulfate which had a pronounced effect on the rate of p-nitrophenyl phosphate hydrolysis. The two activities also appeared to have different subcellular distributions. The polyprenylphosphate phosphatase was markedly inhibited by ethoxy formic anhydride, a reagent which is active against enzymes containing a histidine residue at their active site, while p-nitrophenyl phosphate hydrolysis was unaffected. The polyprenylphosphate phosphatase may be important in regulating the level of dolichyl phosphate in T. pyriformis and thus the rate of glycoprotein synthesis. It is also a useful tool which is capable of liberating dolichol from dolichyl phosphate under mild conditions which will permit the further characterization of the polyprenols.
Collapse
|
24
|
Suhr-Jessen PB, Orias E. Mutants of Tetrahymena thermophila with temperature sensitive food vacuole formation. II. Physiological and morphological studies. Exp Cell Res 1979; 124:317-27. [PMID: 315879 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(79)90207-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
25
|
VOIGT MN, EITENMILLER RR, WARE GO. COMPARISON OF PROTOZOAN AND CONVENTIONAL METHODS OF VITAMIN ANALYSIS. J Food Sci 1979. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1979.tb08486.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
26
|
Pieringer J, Conner RL. Positional distribution of fatty acids in the glycerophospholipids of Tetrahymena pyriformis. J Lipid Res 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)40619-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
27
|
Shipiro H, Prescott D, Rabinowitz JL. Preliminary characterization of the delta-9 desaturase of Tetrahymena pyriformis W. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1978; 61:513-20. [PMID: 45543 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(78)90044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
1. In vitro assay conditions have been defined for measurement of delta 9 desaturase activity in Tetrahymena pyriformis W. 2. The reaction depends on the presence of oxygen and a reduced pyridine nucleotide cofactor. FAD supports a low level of enzymatic activity. 3. Both stearyl-CoA and palmityl-CoA are acceptable substrates. Oleate formation is maximal at 30 degrees C. 4. Delta-9 desaturase activity appears to be localized in the microsomal fraction. Delta-6 and/or delta 12 desaturase activities have also been observed. 5. When the specificity of the delta 9 desaturase towards stearyl-CoA and palmityl-CoA was observed at 30 and 16 degrees C it was found that lowering the assay temperature did not affect specificity. Stearyl-CoA was more readily desaturated at both temperatures. 6. Exogenous oleyl-CoA and diisopropylfluorophosphate had little effect on delta 9 desaturase activity. However, cyanide strongly inhibited desaturation and a sensitivity to sulfhydryl-binding reagents has also been demonstrated.
Collapse
|
28
|
Orias E. Dual capacity for nutrient uptake in Tetrahymena. II. Role of the two systems in vitamin uptake. THE JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY 1977; 24:507-11. [PMID: 413910 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1977.tb01001.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we found that a mutant strain of Tetrahymena pyriformis without food vacuoles failed to grow unless the nutrient media were richly supplemented with vitamins and trace metals. Here we show that calcium folinate alone can replace the extra vitamin supplementation. The mutant requires approximately 90-fold higher concentration of folinate than the wild-type cells to give similar growth responses in a chemically defined medium. We infer that the food vacuole is an important route of uptake for this vitamin in the wild-type cells. We found no difference between mutant and wild-type cells in their requirements for nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, riboflavin-monophosphate, and pyridoxal. We infer that an extravacuolar route contributes importantly to uptake of these 4 compounds.
Collapse
|
29
|
Koroly MJ, Conner RL. Unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in Tetrahymena. Evidence for two pathways. J Biol Chem 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)32892-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
30
|
Dual capacity for nutrient uptake in tetrahymena importance of the oral uptake system for Fe and Cu uptake. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1976. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02906419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
31
|
McLaughlin D, Johnson GR, Bradley CJ. Growth of the peritrich Opercularia coarctata in axenic culture. THE JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY 1974; 21:561-4. [PMID: 4214405 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1974.tb03699.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
32
|
Conner RL, Koo KE, Landrey JR. Isovaleric acid as a precursor of odd numbered iso fatty acids in Tetrahymena. Lipids 1974; 9:554-9. [PMID: 4370638 DOI: 10.1007/bf02532504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
33
|
Koroly MJ, Conner RL. The fate of RNA degradation products in starved cultures of Tetrahymena pyriformis W. THE JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY 1974; 21:169-77. [PMID: 4817980 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1974.tb03633.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
34
|
Conner RL, Koroly MJ. Relationship of cellular energetics to RNA metabolism in Tetrahymena pyriformis W. THE JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY 1974; 21:177-82. [PMID: 4817981 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1974.tb03634.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
35
|
Kaneshiro ES, Scott S, Conner RL. Divalent cations and inorganic phosphate metabolism in starved Tetrahymena. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(74)90318-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
36
|
Viswanathan CV, Nagabhushanam A. Preparative isolation of phosphonolipids by ascending dry-column chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1973; 75:227-33. [PMID: 4633807 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)85551-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
37
|
Keenan RW. Sphingolipid base phosphorylation by cell-free preparations from Tetrahymena pyriformis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1972; 270:383-96. [PMID: 4625266 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(72)90201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
38
|
Berger H, Jones P, Hanahan DJ. Structural studies on lipids of Tetrahymena pyriformis W. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1972; 260:617-29. [PMID: 4337562 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(72)90011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
39
|
Perlish JS, Eichel HJ. A succinate- and DPNH-reducible o-type cytochrome in mitochondrial preparations from Tetrahymena pyriformis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1971; 44:973-80. [PMID: 4331044 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(71)90807-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
40
|
Berger H, Hanahan DJ. The isolation of phosphonolipids from Tetrahymena pyriformis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 231:584-7. [PMID: 5519134 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(71)90134-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
41
|
Mallory FB, Conner RL. Dehydrogenation and dealkylation of various sterols by Tetrahymena pyriformis. Lipids 1971; 6:149-53. [PMID: 4102490 DOI: 10.1007/bf02533028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
42
|
Nes WR, Malya PG, Mallory FB, Ferguson KA, Landrey JR, Conner RL. Conformational Analysis of the Enzyme-Substrate Complex in the Dehydrogenation of Sterols by Tetrahymena pyriformis. J Biol Chem 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)62451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
43
|
Conner RL, Linden C. Purine and pyrimidine 5'-nucleotide catabolism in Tetrahymena pyriformis W. THE JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY 1970; 17:659-62. [PMID: 5505364 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1970.tb04743.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
44
|
Conner RL, Mallory FB, Landrey JR, Iyengar CWL. The Conversion of Cholesterol to Δ5,7,22-Cholestatrien-3β-ol by Tetrahymena pyriformis. J Biol Chem 1969. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)78229-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
45
|
Kapoulas VM, Thompson GA, Hanahan DJ. Metabolism of alpha-glyceryl ethers by Tetrahymena pyriformis. I. Characteristics of the in vivo degradation system. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1969; 176:237-49. [PMID: 5775946 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(69)90183-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
46
|
Reynolds H. An apparent carbohydrate-amino acid interaction in Tetrahymena pyriformis. THE JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY 1969; 16:204-10. [PMID: 5806198 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1969.tb02258.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
47
|
Conner RL, Landrey JR, Burns CH, Mallory FB. Cholesterol inhibition of pentacyclic triterpenoid biosynthesis in Tetrahymena pyriformis. THE JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY 1968; 15:600-5. [PMID: 5703082 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1968.tb02178.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
48
|
Pruett PO, Conner RL. Orthophosphate flux across the membrane of Tetrahymena pyriformis W. J Cell Physiol 1967; 70:217-24. [PMID: 5583337 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1040700212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
49
|
Cline SG, Conner RL. Orthophosphate excretion as related to RNA metabolism in Tetrahymena. J Cell Physiol 1966; 68:149-56. [PMID: 5964356 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1040680209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
50
|
Culbertson JR. Cilia Isolated from Tetrahymena after Membrane Stabilization by 1,5-Difluoro-2,4-Dinitrobenzene. Science 1966; 153:1390-1. [PMID: 17814390 DOI: 10.1126/science.153.3742.1390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The tendency for Tetrahymena pyriformis cells to lyse when they are centrifuged at speeds above 120g and then exposed to an ethanolic deciliating medium is inhibited by treatment with 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. This treatment facilitates greater yields and purer preparations of isolated cilia. Cilia from treated and untreated cells do not differ in some of their biochemical properties.
Collapse
|