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Ma C, Nie H, Liu LX, Wang FR, Chen Y, Zhang W, Liu YG. Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) technique and its recent applications in grain research. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 38817147 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Grains are the primary source of food for most people worldwide and constitute a major source of carbohydrates. Many novel technologies are being employed to ensure the safety and reliability of grain supply and production. Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) can effectively separate and sensitively detect volatile organic compounds. It possesses advantages such as speed, convenience, high sensitivity, no pretreatment, and wide applicability. In recent years, many studies have shown that the application of GC-IMS technology for grain flavor analysis can play a crucial role in grains. This article elucidates the working principle of GC-IMS technology, reviews the application of GC-IMS in grains in the past 5 years. GC-IMS technology is mainly applied in four aspects in grains. In grain classification, it distinguishes varieties, quality, origin, production year, and processing methods based on the trace differences in volatile organic compounds, thereby fulfilling various grain classification requirements such as origin tracing, geographical indication product recognition, variety identification, production year identification, and detection of counterfeit and inferior grain samples. In optimizing the processing technology of grains and their products, it can improve food flavor, reduce undesirable flavors, and identify better processing parameters. In grain storage, it can determine the storage time, detect spoilage phenomena such as mold and discoloration during storage, eliminate pests affecting storage, and predict the vitality of seeds after storage. In aroma evaluation of grains and their processed products, it can assess the impact of new raw materials, new technologies, fermentation processes, and even oral processing on the quality of grain products. This article also summarizes the characteristics of GC-IMS technology, compiles typical grain flavor compounds, and provides prospects for the future application of GC-IMS. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, China
- Center for International Education, Philippine Christian University, Manila, Philippines
| | - Honglei Nie
- Linyi Inspection and Testing Center, Linyi, China
| | - Ling-Xiao Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, China
- Linyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Linyi, China
| | - Fu-Rong Wang
- No 1 Middle School of Linyi Shandong, Linyi, China
| | - Yingjie Chen
- Linyi Inspection and Testing Center, Linyi, China
| | - Wenmeng Zhang
- Linyi Vocational University of Science and Technology, Linyi, China
| | - Yun-Guo Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, China
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Bratu AM, Bojan M, Popa C, Petrus M. Infrared to terahertz identification of chemical substances used for the production of IEDs. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 312:124055. [PMID: 38422931 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
In our modern times, improvised explosive devices (IEDs) have become more sophisticated than ever, capable of causing destruction and loss of life. The creative use of homemade substances for IEDs manufactures has led to efforts in developing sensitive detection methods that can anticipate, identify and protect against improvised attacks. Laser-based spectroscopic techniques provide rapid and accurate detection of chemicals in improvised explosives, but no single method can detect all components of all explosives. In this study, two spectroscopic methods are used for the sensitive identification of 8 explosive chemical substances in the form of powders and vapors. Absorption spectra of benzene, toluene, acetone and ethylene glycol were examined with CO2 laser photoacoustic spectroscopy. The photoacoustic signals of the samples were recorded in the CO2 laser emission range from 9.2 to 10.8 µm and a different spectral behavior was observed for each analyzed substance. Time-domain spectroscopy with THz radiation was used to analyze ammonium nitrate, potassium chlorate, dinitrobenzene, hexamethylenetetramine transmission spectra in the 0.1-3 THz range, and it was observed that they have characteristic THz fingerprint spectra. CO2 laser photoacoustic spectroscopy and THz time domain spectroscopy have met the criterion of proven effectiveness in identifying explosive components. The combination of these spectroscopic methods is innovative, giving a promising new approach for detection of a large number of IED components.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Bratu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor St., PO Box MG-36, 077125 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - M Bojan
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor St., PO Box MG-36, 077125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - C Popa
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor St., PO Box MG-36, 077125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - M Petrus
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor St., PO Box MG-36, 077125 Bucharest, Romania
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Liu W, Ali W, Liu Y, Li M, Li Z. Sensitive Detection of Trace Explosives by a Self-Assembled Monolayer Sensor. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:2179. [PMID: 38138348 PMCID: PMC10745381 DOI: 10.3390/mi14122179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence probe technology holds great promise in the application of trace explosive detection due to its high sensitivity, fast response speed, good selectivity, and low cost. In this work, a designed approach has been employed to prepare the TPE-PA-8 molecule, utilizing the classic aggregation-induced emission (AIE) property of 1,1,2,2-tetraphenylethene (TPE), for the development of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) targeting the detection of trace nitroaromatic compound (NAC) explosives. The phosphoric acid acts as an anchoring unit, connecting to TPE through an alkyl chain of eight molecules, which has been found to play a crucial role in promoting the aggregation of TPE luminogens, leading to the enhanced light-emission property and sensing performance of SAMs. The SAMs assembled on Al2O3-deposited fiber film exhibit remarkable detection performances, with detection limits of 0.68 ppm, 1.68 ppm, and 2.5 ppm for trinitrotoluene, dinitrotoluene, and nitrobenzene, respectively. This work provides a candidate for the design and fabrication of flexible sensors possessing the high-performance and user-friendly detection of trace NACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Liu
- Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Wajid Ali
- Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Mingliang Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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4
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Schaefer C, Lippmann M, Beukers M, Beijer N, van de Kamp B, Knotter J, Zimmermann S. Detection of Triacetone Triperoxide by High Kinetic Energy Ion Mobility Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17099-17107. [PMID: 37946366 PMCID: PMC10666079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
High Kinetic Energy Ion Mobility Spectrometry (HiKE-IMS) is a versatile technique for the detection of gaseous target molecules that is particularly useful in complex chemical environments, while the instrumental effort is low. Operating HiKE-IMS at reduced pressures from 10 to 60 mbar results in fewer ion-neutral collisions than at ambient pressure, reducing chemical cross-sensitivities and eliminating the need for a preceding separation dimension, e.g., by gas chromatography. In addition, HiKE-IMS allows operation over a wide range of reduced electric field strengths E/N up to 120 Td, allowing separation of ions by low-field ion mobility and exploiting the field dependence of ion mobility, potentially allowing separation of ion species at high E/N despite similar low-field ion mobilities. Given these advantages, HiKE-IMS can be a useful tool for trace gas analysis such as triacetone triperoxide (TATP) detection. In this study, we employed HiKE-IMS to detect TATP. We explore the ionization of TATP and the field-dependent ion mobilities, providing a database of the ion mobilities depending on E/N. Confirming the literature results, ionization of TATP by proton transfer with H3O+ in HiKE-IMS generates fragments, but using NH4+ as the primary reactant ion leads to the TATP·NH4+ adduct. This adduct fragments at high E/N, which could provide additional information for reliable detection of TATP. Thus, operating HiKE-IMS at variable E/N in the drift region generates a unique fingerprint of TATP made of all ion species related to TATP and their ion mobilities depending on E/N, potentially reducing the rate of false positives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schaefer
- Institute
of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Department of
Sensors and Measurement Technology, Leibniz
University Hannover, Appelstr. 9A, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - Martin Lippmann
- Institute
of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Department of
Sensors and Measurement Technology, Leibniz
University Hannover, Appelstr. 9A, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - Michiel Beukers
- Research
Group Technologies for Criminal Investigations, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, M.H Tromplaan 28, Enschede 7513AB, The Netherlands
- Knowledge
Centre of Digitalization, Intelligence, and Technology, Police Academy of The Netherlands, Arnhemseweg 348, Apeldoorn 7334AC, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Beijer
- Research
Group Technologies for Criminal Investigations, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, M.H Tromplaan 28, Enschede 7513AB, The Netherlands
- Knowledge
Centre of Digitalization, Intelligence, and Technology, Police Academy of The Netherlands, Arnhemseweg 348, Apeldoorn 7334AC, The Netherlands
| | - Ben van de Kamp
- Research
Group Technologies for Criminal Investigations, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, M.H Tromplaan 28, Enschede 7513AB, The Netherlands
- Knowledge
Centre of Digitalization, Intelligence, and Technology, Police Academy of The Netherlands, Arnhemseweg 348, Apeldoorn 7334AC, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Knotter
- Research
Group Technologies for Criminal Investigations, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, M.H Tromplaan 28, Enschede 7513AB, The Netherlands
- Knowledge
Centre of Digitalization, Intelligence, and Technology, Police Academy of The Netherlands, Arnhemseweg 348, Apeldoorn 7334AC, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Zimmermann
- Institute
of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Department of
Sensors and Measurement Technology, Leibniz
University Hannover, Appelstr. 9A, Hannover 30167, Germany
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Augustini ALRM, Borg C, Sielemann S, Telgheder U. Making Every Single Puff Count-Simple and Sensitive E-Cigarette Aerosol Sampling for GCxIMS and GC-MS Analysis. Molecules 2023; 28:6574. [PMID: 37764350 PMCID: PMC10536117 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The analysis of the aerosol from tobaccoless electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is an important part of understanding their impact on human health, yet sampling aerosol from e-cigarettes is still considered a challenge. It lacks a standard method for research and quality control and there are a variety of methods. However, few are simple and inexpensive, and none have been suggested for the use with gas chromatography coupled ion mobility spectrometry (GCxIMS). This work presents and evaluates such a setup made from standard lab equipment to quickly collect a quantitative sample from the aerosol of a single puff (5 s totaling 125 mL). The aerosol condensates directly in the cooled headspace (HS) vial, which is analyzed in the HS-GCxIMS or mass spectrometer (HS-GC-MS). The combined use of GC-MS and GCxIMS allows the simple and sensitive identification of unknown substances in complex mixtures and the identification of degradation products in the aerosols. A calibration of 26 flavor compounds (0.2-20 µg/g) was created using single puffs of a spiked, flavorless commercial refill solution and 2-alkanones as internal standards. This sensitive but easily reproducible setup enables a wide range of further investigations, even for labs that were previously unable to afford it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L. R. M. Augustini
- Department Hamm 2, Hamm-Lippstadt University of Applied Sciences, Marker Allee 76-78, 59063 Hamm, Germany; (A.L.R.M.A.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Christopher Borg
- Department Hamm 2, Hamm-Lippstadt University of Applied Sciences, Marker Allee 76-78, 59063 Hamm, Germany; (A.L.R.M.A.)
| | - Stefanie Sielemann
- Department Hamm 2, Hamm-Lippstadt University of Applied Sciences, Marker Allee 76-78, 59063 Hamm, Germany; (A.L.R.M.A.)
| | - Ursula Telgheder
- Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
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Serol M, Ahmad SM, Quintas A, Família C. Chemical Analysis of Gunpowder and Gunshot Residues. Molecules 2023; 28:5550. [PMID: 37513421 PMCID: PMC10386329 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of firearms is of paramount importance for investigating crimes involving firearms, as it establishes the link between a particular firearm and firearm-related elements found at a crime scene, such as projectiles and cartridge cases. This identification relies on the visual comparison of such elements against reference samples from suspect firearms or those existing in databases. Whenever this approach is not possible, the chemical analysis of the gunpowder and gunshot residue can provide additional information that may assist in establishing a link between samples retrieved at a crime scene and those from a suspect or in the identification of the corresponding model and manufacturer of the ammunition used. The most commonly used method for the chemical analysis of gunshot residue is scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray, which focuses on the inorganic elements present in ammunition formulation, particularly heavy metals. However, a change in the legal paradigm is pushing changes in these formulations to remove heavy metals due to their potential for environmental contamination and the health hazards they represent. For this reason, the importance of the analysis of organic compounds is leading to the adoption of a different set of analytical methodologies, mostly based on spectroscopy and chromatography. This manuscript reviews the constitution of primer and gunpowder formulations and the analytical methods currently used for detecting, characterising, and identifying their compounds. In addition, this contribution also explores how the information provided by these methodologies can be used in ammunition identification and how it is driving the development of novel applications within forensic ballistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Serol
- Molecular Pathology and Forensic Biochemistry Laboratory, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Campus Universitário-Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Samir Marcos Ahmad
- Molecular Pathology and Forensic Biochemistry Laboratory, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Campus Universitário-Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
- Forensic and Psychological Sciences Laboratory Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário-Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Quintas
- Molecular Pathology and Forensic Biochemistry Laboratory, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Campus Universitário-Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
- Forensic and Psychological Sciences Laboratory Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário-Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carlos Família
- Molecular Pathology and Forensic Biochemistry Laboratory, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Campus Universitário-Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
- Forensic and Psychological Sciences Laboratory Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário-Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
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Capitain CC, Zischka M, Sirkeci C, Weller P. Evaluation of IMS drift tube temperature on the peak shape of high boiling fragrance compounds towards allergen detection in complex cosmetic products and essential oils. Talanta 2023; 257:124397. [PMID: 36858010 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) has recently gained increasing attention for the analysis of volatile compounds due to its high sensitivity, selectivity, and robust design. Peak shape distortion, including peak tailing or broadening, are well known challenges in chromatographic analysis that result in peak asymmetry and decreased resolution. However, in IMS analysis peak tailing, which is independent on the column separation technique, have also been observed. As high boiling substances, such as monoterpenes, are mainly affected by enlarged peak tailing in GC-IMS, we propose that condensation or adsorption effects within the "cold" IMS cell, which is commonly operated at 45 °C-90 °C, are the root cause. To avoid condensation and to decrease peak tailing, we used a prototypic high temperature ion mobility spectrometry (HTIMS) in this work, which allows an increase of the IMS drift tube temperature up to 180 °C. This HTIMS was coupled to a GC column separation and used to analyse the peak shape of homologues series of ketones, alcohols, aldehydes, as well as high boiling fragrance compounds, such as monoterpenes and phenylpropanoids. While we were able to show that an increased IMS drift tube temperatures correlates well with improved peak shapes, the GC parameters of the HS-GC-HTIMS method, however, were found to have little effect on the peak shapes in IMS spectra. In particular monoterpenes, which display intense peak tailing at lower IMS drift tube temperatures, show significant improvement of the peak shape at higher IMS drift tube temperatures. This leads to the assumption that high boiling substances indeed undergo condensation effects within the IMS cell at low drift tube temperatures. For many separation tasks, such as the separation of the phenylpropanoids eugenol and isoeugenol, comparably low IMS temperatures of 120 °C are already sufficient to achieve a resolution above 1.5. However, the optimal drift tube temperature is dependent on the substance class. While the aspect ratio increases steadily for most monoterpenes, phenylpropanoids and aldehyde monomer peaks investigated, an optimal aspect ratio was found for ketones between 140 °C and 160 °C and alcohols between 120 °C and 140 °C. Lastly, the change of the reduced mobility K0 with the increase of drift tube temperature was analysed. Compounds with similar chemical structure, such as the alcoholic monoterpenes citronellol and geraniol or the phenylpropanoids eugenol and isoeugenol show similar shifts of the K0 value. Substances which differ in their chemical structure, such as the aldehyde monoterpenes citral and cinnamal have substantially different shifts of the K0 value. With a future large substance database, the temperature dependant slope of the K0 value of a substance could be used to identify the substance groups of unknown molecules. Furthermore, substances with the same drift time but different chemical composition could be separable through a change in drift tube temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte C Capitain
- Institute for Instrumental Analytics and Bioanalytics, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martin Zischka
- Institute for Instrumental Analytics and Bioanalytics, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Cengiz Sirkeci
- G.A.S. Gesellschaft für Analytische Sensorsysteme mbH, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Philipp Weller
- Institute for Instrumental Analytics and Bioanalytics, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany.
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Augustini ALRM, Sielemann S, Telgheder U. Quantitation of Flavor Compounds in Refill Solutions for Electronic Cigarettes Using HS-GCxIMS and Internal Standards. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27228067. [PMID: 36432167 PMCID: PMC9698780 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
New regulations on the use of flavor compounds in tobaccoless electronic cigarettes require comprehensive analyses. Gas chromatography coupled ion mobility spectrometry is on the rise as an analytical technique for analyzing volatile organic compounds as it combines sensitivity, selectivity, and easy usage with a full-range screening. A current challenge is the quantitative GCxIMS-analysis. Non-linear calibration methods are predominantly used. This work presents a new calibration method using linearization and its corresponding fit based on the relation between the reactant and analyte ions from the chemical ionization. The analysis of e-liquids is used to compare the presented calibration with an established method based on a non-linear Boltzmann fit. Since e-liquids contain matrix compounds that have been shown to influence the analyte signals, the use of internal standards is introduced to reduce these effects in GCxIMS-analysis directly. Different matrix mixtures were evaluated in the matrix-matched calibration to improve the quantitation further. The system's detection and quantitation limits were determined using a separate linear calibration. A matrix-matched calibration series of 29 volatile compounds with 12 levels were used to determine the concentration of these substances in a spiked, flavorless e-liquid and a banana-flavored e-liquid, validating the quality of the different calibrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L. R. M. Augustini
- Hamm-Lippstadt University of Applied Sciences, Marker Allee 76-78, 59063 Hamm, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Sielemann
- Hamm-Lippstadt University of Applied Sciences, Marker Allee 76-78, 59063 Hamm, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Ursula Telgheder
- Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
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Identification of volatile organic compounds in muscle tissues of different species based on Headspace-Gas-Chromatography Ion-Mobility Spectrometry. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2022; 59:102132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2022.102132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gu S, Wang Z, Wang J. Untargeted rapid differentiation and targeted growth tracking of fungal contamination in rice grains based on headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:3673-3682. [PMID: 34890123 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Milled rice are prone to be contaminated with spoilage or toxigenic fungi during storage, which may pose a real threat to human health. Most traditional methods require long periods of time for enumeration and quantification. However, headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) technology could characterize the complex volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from samples in a non-destructive and environmentally friendly manner. Thus, this study described an innovative HS-GC-IMS strategy for analyzing VOC profiles to detect fungal contamination in milled rice. RESULTS A total of 24 typical target compounds were identified. Analysis of variance-partial least squares regression (APLSR) showed significant correlations between the target compounds and colony counts of fungi. While the changes of selected volatile components (acetic acid, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone and oct-en-3-ol) in fungi-inoculated rice had sufficiently high positive correlations with the colony counts, the logistic model could effectively be used to monitor the growth of individual fungus (R2 = 0.902-0.980). PLSR could effectively be used to predict fungal colony counts in rice samples (R2 = 0.831-0.953), and the different fungi-inoculated rice samples at 24 h could be successfully distinguished by support vector machine (SVM) (94.6%). The ability of HS-GC-IMS to monitor fungal infection would help to prevent contaminated rice grains from entering the food chain. CONCLUSIONS This result indicated that HS-GC-IMS three-dimensional fingerprints may be appropriate for the early detection of fungal infection in rice grains. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Gu
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhe Wang
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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Volatilomics-Based Microbiome Evaluation of Fermented Dairy by Prototypic Headspace-Gas Chromatography–High-Temperature Ion Mobility Spectrometry (HS-GC-HTIMS) and Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NNMF). Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040299. [PMID: 35448485 PMCID: PMC9025153 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermented foods, such as yogurt and kefir, contain a versatile spectrum of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including ethanol, acetic acid, ethyl acetate, and diacetyl. To overcome the challenge of overlapping peaks regarding these key compounds, the drift tube temperature was raised in a prototypic high-temperature ion mobility spectrometer (HTIMS). This HS-GC-HTIMS was used for the volatilomic profiling of 33 traditional kefir, 13 commercial kefir, and 15 commercial yogurt samples. Pattern recognition techniques, including principal component analysis (PCA) and NNMF, in combination with non-targeted screening, revealed distinct differences between traditional and commercial kefir while showing strong similarities between commercial kefir and yogurt. Classification of fermented dairy samples into commercial yogurt, commercial kefir, traditional mild kefir, and traditional tangy kefir was also possible for both PCA- and NNMF-based models, obtaining cross-validation (CV) error rates of 0% for PCA-LDA, PCA-kNN (k = 5), and NNMF-kNN (k = 5) and 3.3% for PCA-SVM and NNMF-LDA. Through back projection of NNMF loadings, characteristic substances were identified, indicating a mild flavor composition of commercial samples, with high concentrations of buttery-flavored diacetyl. In contrast, traditional kefir showed a diverse VOC profile with high amounts of flavorful alcohols (including ethanol and methyl-1-butanol), esters (including ethyl acetate and 3-methylbutyl acetate), and aldehydes. For validation of the results and deeper understanding, qPCR sequencing was used to evaluate the microbial consortia, confirming the microbial associations between commercial kefir and commercial yogurt and reinforcing the differences between traditional and commercial kefir. The diverse flavor profile of traditional kefir primarily results from the yeast consortium, while commercial kefir and yogurt is primarily, but not exclusively, produced through bacterial fermentation. The flavor profile of fermented dairy products may be used to directly evaluate the microbial consortium using HS-GC-HTIMS analysis.
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12
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Denia A, Esteve-Turrillas FA, Armenta S. Analysis of drugs including illicit and new psychoactive substances in oral fluids by gas chromatography-drift tube ion mobility spectrometry. Talanta 2022; 238:122966. [PMID: 34857341 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a gas chromatograph (GC) has been coupled to a drift tube ion mobility spectrometer (IMS) in order to develop an analytical procedure for the determination of psychoactive substances in oral fluids. Working parameters, including the GC-IMS interface ones, were adjusted in order to obtain sensitive and robust signals. A volume of 500 μL of oral fluid was extracted with 250 μL chloroform and, after centrifugation, were injected into the GC-IMS system. Amphetamine, methylone, α-PVP, ketamine, lidocaine, MPHP, cocaine, THJ-2201, and 5F-ADB were employed as model compounds, providing limits of detection from 6 to 15 μg L-1 and recoveries from 70 to 115% for field oral fluids spiked with target analytes at 250, 500, and 600 μg L-1. Moreover, two oral fluid certified reference materials were analysed by the proposed GC-IMS based methodology with obtained relative percentage errors lower than 8.4%, being the proposed GC-IMS procedure a reliable, selective, and sensitive technique for the determination of psychoactive substances in oral fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Denia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de València, 50th Dr. Moliner St., 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | | | - Sergio Armenta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de València, 50th Dr. Moliner St., 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
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Gao R, Li J, Gao W, Li L, Wang X, Wu B, Wu Y, Yu J. An overlapping peaks separation algorithm for ion mobility spectrometry based on second-order differentiation and dynamic inertia weight particle swarm optimization algorithm. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9220. [PMID: 34741365 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is a powerful analytical tool extensively applied in numerous domains. However, there still exists the phenomenon of peaks overlapping in the analysis of isomers with similar structures due to the limited resolution of IMS. In this paper, a dynamic inertia weight particle swarm optimization (DIWPSO) algorithm combined with second-order differentiation is proposed to separate the IMS overlapping peaks efficiently and precisely. METHODS It can identify the component number of overlapping peaks and limit those parameters (ion mobility, intensity, and full-width at half maximum of each single peak) of the peak model in a small range using second-order differentiation. Based on this, DIWPSO that has been set the best operating parameters is capable of accurately separating IMS overlapping peaks to identify the compound within a short time. RESULTS A comparison between the performance of DIWPSO and the improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) found that DIWPSO with separation errors less than 2.34% overall outperforms IPSO whose maximum error is up to 5.58%. Moreover, the running time of DIWPSO is 30-80 times less than that of IPSO, and DIWPSO exhibits stronger robustness. CONCLUSIONS This method can automatically identify the component number of IMS overlapping peaks and resolve them with muticomponents and different overlapped degrees rapidly and accurately, which further improves the structural resolution of IMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Gao
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Junhui Li
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Wenqing Gao
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Lei Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xinkai Wang
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jiancheng Yu
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
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14
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Tyagi H, Daulton E, Bannaga AS, Arasaradnam RP, Covington JA. Urinary Volatiles and Chemical Characterisation for the Non-Invasive Detection of Prostate and Bladder Cancers. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:bios11110437. [PMID: 34821653 PMCID: PMC8615657 DOI: 10.3390/bios11110437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) and prostate cancer (PCa) are some of the most common cancers in the world. In both BCa and PCa, the diagnosis is often confirmed with an invasive technique that carries a risk to the patient. Consequently, a non-invasive diagnostic approach would be medically desirable and beneficial to the patient. The use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for disease diagnosis, including cancer, is a promising research area that could support the diagnosis process. In this study, we investigated the urinary VOC profiles in BCa, PCa patients and non-cancerous controls by using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) to analyse patient samples. GC-IMS separated BCa from PCa (area under the curve: AUC: 0.97 (0.93-1.00)), BCa vs. non-cancerous (AUC: 0.95 (0.90-0.99)) and PCa vs. non-cancerous (AUC: 0.89 (0.83-0.94)) whereas GC-TOF-MS differentiated BCa from PCa (AUC: 0.84 (0.73-0.93)), BCa vs. non-cancerous (AUC: 0.81 (0.70-0.90)) and PCa vs. non-cancerous (AUC: 0.94 (0.90-0.97)). According to our study, a total of 34 biomarkers were found using GC-TOF-MS data, of which 13 VOCs were associated with BCa, seven were associated with PCa, and 14 VOCs were found in the comparison of BCa and PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Tyagi
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (H.T.); (E.D.)
| | - Emma Daulton
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (H.T.); (E.D.)
| | - Ayman S. Bannaga
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Coventry & Warwickshire, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; (A.S.B.); (R.P.A.)
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7HL, UK
| | - Ramesh P. Arasaradnam
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Coventry & Warwickshire, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; (A.S.B.); (R.P.A.)
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7HL, UK
- School of Health Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - James A. Covington
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (H.T.); (E.D.)
- Correspondence:
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Gu S, Zhang J, Wang J, Wang X, Du D. Recent development of HS-GC-IMS technology in rapid and non-destructive detection of quality and contamination in agri-food products. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Capitain C, Weller P. Non-Targeted Screening Approaches for Profiling of Volatile Organic Compounds Based on Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectroscopy (GC-IMS) and Machine Learning. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185457. [PMID: 34576928 PMCID: PMC8468721 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its high sensitivity and resolving power, gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) is a powerful technique for the separation and sensitive detection of volatile organic compounds. It is a robust and easy-to-handle technique, which has recently gained attention for non-targeted screening (NTS) approaches. In this article, the general working principles of GC-IMS are presented. Next, the workflow for NTS using GC-IMS is described, including data acquisition, data processing and model building, model interpretation and complementary data analysis. A detailed overview of recent studies for NTS using GC-IMS is included, including several examples which have demonstrated GC-IMS to be an effective technique for various classification and quantification tasks. Lastly, a comparison of targeted and non-targeted strategies using GC-IMS are provided, highlighting the potential of GC-IMS in combination with NTS.
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Zheng X, Zheng L, Yang Y, Ai B, Zhong S, Xiao D, Sheng Z. Analysis of the volatile organic components of
Camellia oleifera
Abel. oil from China using headspace‐gas chromatography‐ion mobility spectrometry. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zheng
- Haikou Experimental Station Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Haikou China
- Haikou Key Laboratory of Banana Biology Haikou China
| | - Lili Zheng
- Haikou Experimental Station Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Haikou China
- Haikou Key Laboratory of Banana Biology Haikou China
| | - Yang Yang
- Haikou Experimental Station Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Haikou China
- Haikou Key Laboratory of Banana Biology Haikou China
| | - Binling Ai
- Haikou Experimental Station Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Haikou China
- Haikou Key Laboratory of Banana Biology Haikou China
| | - Shuang Zhong
- Haikou Experimental Station Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Haikou China
- Haikou Key Laboratory of Banana Biology Haikou China
| | - Dao Xiao
- Haikou Experimental Station Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Haikou China
- Haikou Key Laboratory of Banana Biology Haikou China
| | - Zhanwu Sheng
- Haikou Experimental Station Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Haikou China
- Haikou Key Laboratory of Banana Biology Haikou China
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18
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Yang Q, Tu J, Chen M, Gong X. Discrimination of Fruit Beer Based on Fingerprints by Static Headspace-Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/03610470.2021.1946654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- R & D department, Guangzhou Nansha Zhujiang Brewery Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxia Tu
- R & D department, Guangzhou Nansha Zhujiang Brewery Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Chen
- R & D department, Guangzhou Nansha Zhujiang Brewery Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Gong
- R & D department, Guangzhou Nansha Zhujiang Brewery Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
- Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
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19
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Qiao T, Kim S, Lee W, Lee H. An enhanced fluorescence detection of a nitroaromatic compound using bacteria embedded in porous poly lactic-co-glycolic acid microbeads. Analyst 2021; 146:4615-4621. [PMID: 34164639 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00510c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The detection of explosive nitroaromatic compounds has caused worldwide concern for human safety. In this study, we introduce a fluorescent biosensor based on porous biocompatible microspheres loaded with a bioreporter for the detection of nitroaromatic compounds. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microbeads were designed as biosensors embedded with the bacterial bioreporters. The genetically engineered bacterial bioreporter can express a green fluorescent protein in response to nitroaromatic compounds (e.g., trinitrotoluene and dinitrotoluene). The modified surface structure in microbeads provides a large surface area, as well as easy penetration, and increases the number of attached bioreporters for enhanced fluorescent signals of biosensors. Moreover, the addition of the M13 bacteriophage in open porous microbeads significantly amplified the fluorescence signal for detection by the π-π interaction between peptides in the M13 bacteriophage and nitroaromatic compounds. The modification of the surface morphology, as well as the genetically engineered M13 phage, significantly amplifies the fluorescence signal, which makes the detection of explosives easier, and has great potential for the stand-off remote sensing of TNT buried in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Qiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kookmin Univ.77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kookmin Univ.77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wonmok Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sejong Univ., Neungdong-ro 209, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143747, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunjung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kookmin Univ.77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Jurado-Campos N, Chiluwal U, Eiceman GA. Improved selectivity for the determination of trinitrotoluene through reactive stage tandem ion mobility spectrometry and a quantitative measure of source-based suppression of ionization. Talanta 2021; 226:121944. [PMID: 33676637 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A tandem ion mobility spectrometer was used to mobility isolate ions at the drift time for trinitrotoluene (TNT) in a first mobility stage, remove an interfering compound by ion decomposition in a middle reactive stage, and mobility characterize the remaining TNT ions in a second mobility stage. This sequential processing of ions provided decisive detection of TNT in the presence of an interfering peak differing from TNT in reduced mobility coefficient (Ko) by only 0.02 cm2/V. Even though ions of TNT (as M - 1)- and the interfering compound were more than 90% convolved, TNT could be selectively detected with more than 95% decomposition of the interferent at 123 Td to an ion now separated by ΔKo of 0.2 cm2/V from TNT. Ions for TNT were not decomposed in these electric fields though transmission efficiency was decreased by 20% through a wire grid assembly (the reactive stage). Although tandem ion mobility spectrometry with a reactive stage improves selectivity of measurement in the drift time dimension, the chemistry of ion formation in the ion source is affected still by ion suppression. Response to 1 ng TNT was decreased as much as 30% from 200 ng of interferent deposited on sample trap.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jurado-Campos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - U Chiluwal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, United States
| | - G A Eiceman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, United States
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21
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Ahrens A, Zimmermann S. Towards a hand-held, fast, and sensitive gas chromatograph-ion mobility spectrometer for detecting volatile compounds. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:1009-1016. [PMID: 33222000 PMCID: PMC7813738 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-03059-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Ion mobility spectrometers can detect gaseous compounds at atmospheric pressure in the range of parts per trillion within a second. Due to their fast response times, high sensitivity, and limited instrumental effort, they are used in a variety of applications, especially as mobile or hand-held devices. However, most real-life samples are gas mixtures, which can pose a challenge for IMS with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mainly due to competing gas-phase ionization processes. Therefore, we present a miniaturized drift tube IMS coupled to a compact gas chromatograph for pre-separation, built of seven bundled standard GC columns (Rtx-Volatiles, Restek GmbH) with 250 μm ID and 1.07 m in length. Such pre-separation significantly reduces chemical cross sensitivities caused by competing gas-phase ionization processes and adds orthogonality. Our miniaturized GC-IMS system is characterized with alcohols, halocarbons, and ketones as model substances, reaching detection limits down to 70 pptv with IMS averaging times of just 125 ms. It separates test mixtures of ketones and halocarbons within 180 s and 50 s, respectively. The IMS has a short drift length of 40.6 mm and reaches a high resolving power of RP = 68. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Ahrens
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement Technology, Leibniz University Hannover, Appelstr. 9A, 30167, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Stefan Zimmermann
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement Technology, Leibniz University Hannover, Appelstr. 9A, 30167, Hannover, Germany
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22
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Chiluwal U, Eiceman GA. Quantitative response to nitrite from field-induced decomposition of the chloride adduct of RDX by reactive stage tandem ion mobility spectrometry. Analyst 2021; 146:565-573. [PMID: 33170181 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01778g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An additional dimension of selectivity for the determination of RDX by ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) was introduced through field-induced decomposition of RDX·Cl- to NO2- on a spectral baseline free of interfering peaks. In this variant of reactive stage tandem IMS, the explosive ion is decomposed selectively in the presence of an interferent and from significantly convolved peaks which were mobility isolated within a narrow range of drift times using dual ion shutters. Field-induced decomposition at 170 °C and field strength of 112 Td (∼16 kV cm-1) provided 15% decomposition yield and RDX, amid interferent, was detected decisively even when peaks differed in reduced mobility coefficients (Ko) by only 0.02 cm2 V-1 s-1. A nitrite peak with S/N of 8.5 was observed with vapour concentrations of 54 ppb for RDX and 329 ppb for Interferent A in the ionization volume corresponding to 2 ng of RDX and 100 ng of Interferent A deposited on sample traps in the thermal desorption inlet. Findings on quantitative response suggest the presence of excessive amounts of interferent caused ionization suppression of RDX. Still, RDX was determined quantitatively using sequential processing of ions by mobility isolation, selective field induced decomposition, and mobility analysis in a second drift region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Chiluwal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.
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23
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Early warning of rice mildew based on gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry technology and chemometrics. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00775-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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24
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Pallis GC, Psarras GP, Vamvakari J, Kuula MJ, Kiljunen H, Hakulinen H, Vanninen P. Fast, Miniaturized, Real-Time Unit for Sampling, Modulation, and Separation in Detection of Hazardous Chemicals. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14589-14593. [PMID: 33080133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A sampling, modulation, and separation (SMS) unit was tested for detection of hazardous chemicals. The SMS unit, designed and developed for on-site sampling and analysis, consists of a dynamic inlet system coupled with a fast, miniaturized gas chromatograph (GC). Feasibility of the SMS unit was evaluated together with a hazardous chemical vapor generator. The performance of the SMS unit was tested with automated thermal desorption after SMS to collect samples for GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) measurements. Detection of sarin nerve agent was verified. Additionally, the vapor generator was connected to the SMS unit, which was hyphenated with a photoionization detector (PID), thus creating a fast GC-PID system. This system gave a positive response for degradation products of sulfur mustard, thereby indicating suitability of the SMS-PID unit for field drone applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- George C Pallis
- Advanced Technology Innovation Centre, T4i Engineering Ltd., 5 Oakwood Drive, LE11 3QF Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - George P Psarras
- Advanced Technology Innovation Centre, T4i Engineering Ltd., 5 Oakwood Drive, LE11 3QF Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Vamvakari
- Advanced Technology Innovation Centre, T4i Engineering Ltd., 5 Oakwood Drive, LE11 3QF Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Matti J Kuula
- VERIFIN, Finnish Institute for Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Kiljunen
- VERIFIN, Finnish Institute for Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Hakulinen
- VERIFIN, Finnish Institute for Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Vanninen
- VERIFIN, Finnish Institute for Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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26
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Black C, D'Souza T, Smith JC, Hearns NG. Identification of post-blast explosive residues using direct-analysis-in-real-time and mass spectrometry (DART-MS). Forensic Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2019.100185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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27
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Chen T, Qi X, Chen M, Chen B. Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry Detection of Odor Fingerprint as Markers of Rapeseed Oil Refined Grade. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2019; 2019:3163204. [PMID: 31467768 PMCID: PMC6701408 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3163204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) was used to analyze the volatile organic compound changes of rapeseed oil with different refined grades, the odor fingerprints of refined rapeseed oil were constructed, and a nonlinear model was built to realize rapid and accurate discrimination of rapeseed oil with different refined grades. 124 rapeseed oil samples with different refined grades were collected and analyzed by GC-IMS and chemometric tools, and 34 characteristic peaks were selected by the colorized difference method as variables to characterize the internal quality in rapeseed oil of different refined grades. The principal component analysis algorithm was used to further reduce dimensionality and extract the most relevant information. The k-nearest neighbor algorithm was applied to build a discriminant model. All the samples were recognized accurately without errors, and the results show the potential of this method to discriminate different refined grades of vegetable oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xingpu Qi
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, No. 8 East Phoenix Road, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Mingjie Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Bin Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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28
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Detection of Adulteration in Canola Oil by Using GC-IMS and Chemometric Analysis. Int J Anal Chem 2018; 2018:3160265. [PMID: 30344608 PMCID: PMC6174727 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3160265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to detect adulteration of canola oil with other vegetable oils such as sunflower, soybean, and peanut oils and to build models for predicting the content of adulterant oil in canola oil. In this work, 147 adulterated samples were detected by gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) and chemometric analysis, and two methods of feature extraction, histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) and multiway principal component analysis (MPCA), were combined to pretreat the data set. The results evaluated by canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) algorithm indicated that the HOG-MPCA-CDA model was feasible to discriminate the canola oil adulterated with other oils and to precisely classify different levels of each adulterant oil. Partial least square analysis (PLS) was used to build prediction models for adulterant oil level in canola oil. The model built by PLS was proven to be effective and precise for predicting adulteration with good regression (R2>0.95) and low errors (RMSE ≤ 3.23).
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29
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Identification of terpenes and essential oils by means of static headspace gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:6595-6603. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0613-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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30
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Zheng X, Wojcik R, Zhang X, Ibrahim YM, Burnum-Johnson KE, Orton DJ, Monroe ME, Moore RJ, Smith RD, Baker ES. Coupling Front-End Separations, Ion Mobility Spectrometry, and Mass Spectrometry For Enhanced Multidimensional Biological and Environmental Analyses. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2017; 10:71-92. [PMID: 28301728 PMCID: PMC5627998 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061516-045212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is a widely used analytical technique for rapid molecular separations in the gas phase. Though IMS alone is useful, its coupling with mass spectrometry (MS) and front-end separations is extremely beneficial for increasing measurement sensitivity, peak capacity of complex mixtures, and the scope of molecular information available from biological and environmental sample analyses. In fact, multiple disease screening and environmental evaluations have illustrated that the IMS-based multidimensional separations extract information that cannot be acquired with each technique individually. This review highlights three-dimensional separations using IMS-MS in conjunction with a range of front-end techniques, such as gas chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography, liquid chromatography, solid-phase extractions, capillary electrophoresis, field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry, and microfluidic devices. The origination, current state, various applications, and future capabilities of these multidimensional approaches are described in detail to provide insight into their uses and benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyun Zheng
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352;
| | - Roza Wojcik
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352;
| | - Xing Zhang
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado 80045
| | - Yehia M Ibrahim
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352;
| | - Kristin E Burnum-Johnson
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352;
| | - Daniel J Orton
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352;
| | - Matthew E Monroe
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352;
| | - Ronald J Moore
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352;
| | - Richard D Smith
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352;
| | - Erin S Baker
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352;
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31
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Nascimento Correa D, Melendez-Perez J, Jardim Zacca J, Borges R, Morgado Schmidt E, Eberlin M, Meurer E. Direct Detection of Triacetone Triperoxide (TATP) in Real Banknotes from ATM Explosion by EASI-MS. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.201600046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deleon Nascimento Correa
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry; University of Campinas - UNICAMP; 13083-970 Campinas, SP Brazil
- Technical-Scientific Police Superintendency from São Paulo State; Criminalistic Institute, 05507-060; São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Jose J. Melendez-Perez
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry; University of Campinas - UNICAMP; 13083-970 Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Jorge Jardim Zacca
- Brazilian Federal Police; Scientific and Technical Dept.; 70037-900 Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Borges
- National Institute of Metrology; Quality and Technology - INMETRO; 25250-020 Duque de Caxias, RJ Brazil
| | - Eduardo Morgado Schmidt
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry; University of Campinas - UNICAMP; 13083-970 Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Marcos Nogueira Eberlin
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry; University of Campinas - UNICAMP; 13083-970 Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Eduardo César Meurer
- Fenn Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry; Federal University of Paraná; Paraná Brazil
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JIANG DD, PENG LY, ZHOU QH, CHEN C, LIU JW, WANG S, LI HY. Quantitative Detection of Hexamethylene Triperoxide Diamine in Complex Matrix by Dopant-assisted Photoionization Ion Mobility Spectrometry. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(16)60972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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33
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Fabrication of l -cysteine-capped CdTe quantum dots based ratiometric fluorescence nanosensor for onsite visual determination of trace TNT explosive. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 946:80-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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34
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Application of CdSe quantum dots for the direct detection of TNT. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 259:101-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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35
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Chouyyok W, Bays JT, Gerasimenko AA, Cinson AD, Ewing RG, Atkinson DA, Addleman RS. Improved explosive collection and detection with rationally assembled surface sampling materials. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20157a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic sampling cloth chemically modified with phenyl-functional groups for improving the collection and detection of trace explosives.
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36
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Goudsmits E, Sharples GP, Birkett JW. Recent trends in organic gunshot residue analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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37
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Brown KE, Greenfield MT, McGrane SD, Moore DS. Advances in explosives analysis--part I: animal, chemical, ion, and mechanical methods. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 408:35-47. [PMID: 26462922 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The number and capability of explosives detection and analysis methods have increased substantially since the publication of the Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry special issue devoted to Explosives Analysis (Moore and Goodpaster, Anal Bioanal Chem 395(2):245-246, 2009). Here we review and critically evaluate the latest (the past five years) important advances in explosives detection, with details of the improvements over previous methods, and suggest possible avenues towards further advances in, e.g., stand-off distance, detection limit, selectivity, and penetration through camouflage or packaging. The review consists of two parts. This part, Part I, reviews methods based on animals, chemicals (including colorimetry, molecularly imprinted polymers, electrochemistry, and immunochemistry), ions (both ion-mobility spectrometry and mass spectrometry), and mechanical devices. Part II will review methods based on photons, from very energetic photons including X-rays and gamma rays down to the terahertz range, and neutrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Brown
- Shock and Detonation Physics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Margo T Greenfield
- Shock and Detonation Physics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Shawn D McGrane
- Shock and Detonation Physics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - David S Moore
- Shock and Detonation Physics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
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38
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Hill AR, Edgar M, Chatzigeorgiou M, Reynolds JC, Kelly PF, Creaser CS. Analysis of triacetone triperoxide complexes with alkali metal ions by electrospray and extractive electrospray ionisation combined with ion mobility spectrometry and mass spectrometry. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2015; 21:265-274. [PMID: 26307706 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The complexation of triacetone triperoxide (TATP) with a range of alkali metals has been studied by electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry yield [M+Cat](+) ions for all of the alkali metals. The formation of [2TATP+Li+LiX](+) (X = Br, Cl) sandwich complexes was also observed. Collision cross- sections for the lithium-containing complexes of TATP were measured by travelling wave ion mobility spectrometry mass spectrometry, and compared well with computationally determined structures. Extractive electrospray ionisation (EESI) using a lithium doped electrospray is demonstrated for the detection of TATP vapours desorbed from a metal surface. The limit of detection for EESI was shown to be 20 ng using the [TATP+Li](+) ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex R Hill
- Centr e for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Mark Edgar
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Maria Chatzigeorgiou
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK. m.chatzigeorgiou- 13@
| | - James C Reynolds
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Paul F Kelly
- Cent re for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Colin S Creaser
- C entre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
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39
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Characterization of TATP gas phase product ion chemistry via isotope labeling experiments using ion mobility spectrometry interfaced with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Talanta 2014; 127:152-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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40
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Verkouteren JR, Lawrence J, Klouda GA, Najarro M, Grandner J, Verkouteren RM, York SJ. Performance metrics based on signal intensity for ion mobility spectrometry – based explosive trace detectors using inkjet printed materials. Analyst 2014; 139:5488-98. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an01184h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) explosive trace detectors (ETDs) have become an integral part of security practices aimed at protecting the public, transportation, and facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. R. Verkouteren
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- Gaithersburg, USA
| | - J. Lawrence
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- Gaithersburg, USA
| | - G. A. Klouda
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- Gaithersburg, USA
| | - M. Najarro
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- Gaithersburg, USA
| | - J. Grandner
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- Gaithersburg, USA
| | - R. M. Verkouteren
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- Gaithersburg, USA
| | - S. J. York
- U.S. Department of State DS/FSE/FSB
- Springfield, USA
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41
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Stevens ME, Tipple CA, Smith PA, Cho DS, Mustacich RV, Eckenrode BA. Application of a High Surface Area Solid-Phase Microextraction Air Sampling Device: Collection and Analysis of Chemical Warfare Agent Surrogate and Degradation Compounds. Anal Chem 2013; 85:8626-33. [DOI: 10.1021/ac401033a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Stevens
- Visiting Scientist Program,
Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Counterterrorism and
Forensic Science Research Unit, Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory, Quantico, Virginia 22135, United States
| | - Christopher A. Tipple
- Counterterrorism and Forensic
Science Research Unit, Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory, Quantico, Virginia 22135, United States
| | - Philip A. Smith
- Department of Preventive Medicine
and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - David S. Cho
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science
and Education, Counterterrorism and Forensic Science Research Unit, Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory, Quantico,
Virginia 22135, United States
| | - Robert V. Mustacich
- Agilent Technologies, Incorporated, Santa
Clara, California 95051, United States
| | - Brian A. Eckenrode
- Counterterrorism and Forensic
Science Research Unit, Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory, Quantico, Virginia 22135, United States
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42
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Comparison of reactant and analyte ions for 63Nickel, corona discharge, and secondary electrospray ionization sources with ion mobility-mass spectrometry. Talanta 2013; 107:225-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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43
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Hajialigol S, Ghorashi SA, Alinoori AH, Torabpour A, Azimi M. Thermal Solid Sample Introduction–Fast Gas Chromatography–Low Flow Ion Mobility Spectrometry as a field screening detection system. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1268:123-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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44
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Xin Y, Wang Q, Liu T, Wang L, Li J, Fang Y. A portable and autonomous multichannel fluorescence detector for on-line and in situ explosive detection in aqueous phase. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:4821-4828. [PMID: 23007322 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40804j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A multichannel fluorescence detector used to detect nitroaromatic explosives in aqueous phase has been developed, which is composed of a five-channel sample-sensor unit, a measurement and control unit, a microcontroller, and a communication unit. The characteristics of the detector as developed are mainly embedded in the sensor unit, and each sensor consists of a fluorescent sensing film, a light emitting diode (LED), a multi-pixel photon counter (MPPC), and an optical module with special bandpass optical filters. Due to the high sensitivity of the sensing film, the small size and low cost of LED and MPPC, the developed detector not only has a better detecting performance and small size, but also has a very low cost - it is an alternative to the device made with an expensive high power lamp and photomultiplier tube. The wavelengths of the five sensors covered extend from the upper UV through the visible spectrum, 370-640 nm, and thereby it possesses the potential to detect a variety of explosives and other hazardous materials in aqueous phase. An additional function of the detector is its ability to function via a wireless network, by which the data recorded by the detector can be sent to the host computer, and at the same time the instructions can be sent to the detector from the host computer. By means of the powerful computing ability of the host computer, and utilizing the classical principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm, effective classification of the analytes is achieved. Furthermore, the detector has been tested and evaluated using NB, PA, TNT and DNT as the analytes, and toluene, benzene, methanol and ethanol as interferent compounds (concentration various from 10 and 60 μM). It has been shown that the detector can detect the four nitroaromatics with high sensitivity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhong Xin
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China.
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45
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Preliminary evaluation of the persistence of organic gunshot residue. Forensic Sci Int 2012; 222:137-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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46
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Liu J, Khaing Oo MK, Reddy K, Gianchandani YB, Schultz JC, Appel HM, Fan X. Adaptive Two-Dimensional Microgas Chromatography. Anal Chem 2012; 84:4214-20. [DOI: 10.1021/ac300588z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101
Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor,
Michigan 48109, United States
- Center for Wireless Integrated
Microsensing and Systems, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Maung Kyaw Khaing Oo
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101
Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor,
Michigan 48109, United States
- Center for Wireless Integrated
Microsensing and Systems, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Karthik Reddy
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101
Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor,
Michigan 48109, United States
- Center for Wireless Integrated
Microsensing and Systems, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering
and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States
| | - Yogesh B. Gianchandani
- Center for Wireless Integrated
Microsensing and Systems, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering
and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States
| | - Jack C. Schultz
- College of Agriculture, Food,
and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Bond Life Sciences Center, 1201 E. Rollins Road, Columbia, Missouri,
65211, United States
| | - Heidi M. Appel
- College of Agriculture, Food,
and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Bond Life Sciences Center, 1201 E. Rollins Road, Columbia, Missouri,
65211, United States
| | - Xudong Fan
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101
Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor,
Michigan 48109, United States
- Center for Wireless Integrated
Microsensing and Systems, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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47
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Fan W, Young M, Canino J, Smith J, Oxley J, Almirall JR. Fast detection of triacetone triperoxide (TATP) from headspace using planar solid-phase microextraction (PSPME) coupled to an IMS detector. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:401-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5878-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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48
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Wei W, Huang X, Chen K, Tao Y, Tang X. Fluorescent organic–inorganic hybrid polyphosphazene microspheres for the trace detection of nitroaromatic explosives. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20263h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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49
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Kozole J, Stairs JR, Cho I, Harper JD, Lukow SR, Lareau RT, DeBono R, Kuja F. Interfacing an Ion Mobility Spectrometry Based Explosive Trace Detector to a Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer. Anal Chem 2011; 83:8596-603. [DOI: 10.1021/ac201999a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kozole
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science & Technology Directorate, Transportation Security Laboratory, Atlantic City International Airport, New Jersey 08405, United States
- Nova Research, Inc., 1900 Elkin Street, Suite 230, Alexandria, Virginia 22308, United States
| | - Jason R. Stairs
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science & Technology Directorate, Transportation Security Laboratory, Atlantic City International Airport, New Jersey 08405, United States
| | - Inho Cho
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science & Technology Directorate, Transportation Security Laboratory, Atlantic City International Airport, New Jersey 08405, United States
- Nova Research, Inc., 1900 Elkin Street, Suite 230, Alexandria, Virginia 22308, United States
| | - Jason D. Harper
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science & Technology Directorate, Transportation Security Laboratory, Atlantic City International Airport, New Jersey 08405, United States
- Nova Research, Inc., 1900 Elkin Street, Suite 230, Alexandria, Virginia 22308, United States
| | - Stefan R. Lukow
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science & Technology Directorate, Transportation Security Laboratory, Atlantic City International Airport, New Jersey 08405, United States
| | - Richard T. Lareau
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science & Technology Directorate, Transportation Security Laboratory, Atlantic City International Airport, New Jersey 08405, United States
| | - Reno DeBono
- Smiths Detection, Inc., 7030 Century Avenue, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frank Kuja
- Smiths Detection, Inc., 7030 Century Avenue, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- T. A. Brettell
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Cedar Crest College, 100 College Drive, Allentown, Pennsylvania 18104-6196, United States
| | - J. M. Butler
- Biochemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8312, United States
| | - J. R. Almirall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and International Forensic Research Institute, Florida International University, University Park, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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