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Preckler-Quisquater S, Quinn CB, Sacks BN. Maintenance of a narrow hybrid zone between native and introduced red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) despite conspecificity and high dispersal capabilities. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17418. [PMID: 38847182 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Human-facilitated introductions of nonnative populations can lead to secondary contact between allopatric lineages, resulting in lineage homogenisation or the formation of stable hybrid zones maintained by reproductive barriers. We investigated patterns of gene flow between the native Sacramento Valley red fox (Vulpes vulpes patwin) and introduced conspecifics of captive-bred origin in California's Central Valley. Considering their recent divergence (20-70 kya), we hypothesised that any observed barriers to gene flow were primarily driven by pre-zygotic (e.g. behavioural differences) rather than post-zygotic (e.g. reduced hybrid fitness) barriers. We also explored whether nonnative genes could confer higher fitness in the human-dominated landscape resulting in selective introgression into the native population. Genetic analysis of red foxes (n = 682) at both mitochondrial (cytochrome b + D-loop) and nuclear (19,051 SNPs) loci revealed narrower cline widths than expected under a simulated model of unrestricted gene flow, consistent with the existence of reproductive barriers. We identified several loci with reduced introgression that were previously linked to behavioural divergence in captive-bred and domestic canids, supporting pre-zygotic, yet possibly hereditary, barriers as a mechanism driving the narrowness and stability of the hybrid zone. Several loci with elevated gene flow from the nonnative into the native population were linked to genes associated with domestication and adaptation to human-dominated landscapes. This study contributes to our understanding of hybridisation dynamics in vertebrates, particularly in the context of species introductions and landscape changes, underscoring the importance of considering how multiple mechanisms may be maintaining lineages at the species and subspecies level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Preckler-Quisquater
- Mammalian Ecology and Conservation Unit, Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Cate B Quinn
- Mammalian Ecology and Conservation Unit, Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, National Genomics Center for Wildlife and Fish Conservation, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Benjamin N Sacks
- Mammalian Ecology and Conservation Unit, Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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2
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Justen HC, Easton WE, Delmore KE. Mapping seasonal migration in a songbird hybrid zone -- heritability, genetic correlations, and genomic patterns linked to speciation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313442121. [PMID: 38648483 PMCID: PMC11067064 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313442121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Seasonal migration is a widespread behavior relevant for adaptation and speciation, yet knowledge of its genetic basis is limited. We leveraged advances in tracking and sequencing technologies to bridge this gap in a well-characterized hybrid zone between songbirds that differ in migratory behavior. Migration requires the coordinated action of many traits, including orientation, timing, and wing morphology. We used genetic mapping to show these traits are highly heritable and genetically correlated, explaining how migration has evolved so rapidly in the past and suggesting future responses to climate change may be possible. Many of these traits mapped to the same genomic regions and small structural variants indicating the same, or tightly linked, genes underlie them. Analyses integrating transcriptomic data indicate cholinergic receptors could control multiple traits. Furthermore, analyses integrating genomic differentiation further suggested genes underlying migratory traits help maintain reproductive isolation in this hybrid zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C. Justen
- Biology Department, Texas Agricultural and Mechanical University, TAMUCollege Station, TX3528
| | - Wendy E. Easton
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service-Pacific Region, Delta, BCV4K 3N2, Canada
| | - Kira E. Delmore
- Biology Department, Texas Agricultural and Mechanical University, TAMUCollege Station, TX3528
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3
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Blain SA, Justen HC, Easton W, Delmore KE. Reduced hybrid survival in a migratory divide between songbirds. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14420. [PMID: 38578004 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Migratory divides, hybrid zones between populations that use different seasonal migration routes, are hypothesised to contribute to speciation. Specifically, relative to parental species, hybrids at divides are predicted to exhibit (1) intermediate migratory behaviour and (2) reduced fitness as a result. We provide the first direct test of the second prediction here with one of the largest existing avian tracking datasets, leveraging a divide between Swainson's thrushes where the first prediction is supported. Using detection rates as a proxy for survival, our results supported the migratory divide hypothesis with lower survival rates for hybrids than parental forms. This finding was juvenile-specific (vs. adults), suggesting selection against hybrids is stronger earlier in life. Reduced hybrid survival was not explained by selection against intermediate phenotypes or negative interactions among phenotypes. Additional work connecting specific features of migration is needed, but these patterns provide strong support for migration as an ecological driver of speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Blain
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Hannah C Justen
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Wendy Easton
- Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Delta, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kira E Delmore
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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4
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Louder MIM, Justen H, Kimmitt AA, Lawley KS, Turner LM, Dickman JD, Delmore KE. Gene regulation and speciation in a migratory divide between songbirds. Nat Commun 2024; 15:98. [PMID: 38167733 PMCID: PMC10761872 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44352-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Behavioral variation abounds in nature. This variation is important for adaptation and speciation, but its molecular basis remains elusive. Here, we use a hybrid zone between two subspecies of songbirds that differ in migration - an ecologically important and taxonomically widespread behavior---to gain insight into this topic. We measure gene expression in five brain regions. Differential expression between migratory states was dominated by circadian genes in all brain regions. The remaining patterns were largely brain-region specific. For example, expression differences between the subspecies that interact with migratory state likely help maintain reproductive isolation in this system and were documented in only three brain regions. Contrary to existing work on regulatory mechanisms underlying species-specific traits, two lines of evidence suggest that trans- (vs. cis) regulatory changes underlie these patterns - no evidence for allele-specific expression in hybrids and minimal associations between genomic differentiation and expression differences. Additional work with hybrids shows expression levels were often distinct (transgressive) from parental forms. Behavioral contrasts and functional enrichment analyses allowed us to connect these patterns to mitonuclear incompatibilities and compensatory responses to stress that could exacerbate selection on hybrids and contribute to speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah Justen
- Biology Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Koedi S Lawley
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Leslie M Turner
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - J David Dickman
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kira E Delmore
- Biology Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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5
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Hobson KA, Kardynal KJ. Multi-isotope (δ 2H, δ 13C, δ 15N) feather profiles and morphometrics inform patterns of migratory connectivity in three species of North American swallows. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2023; 11:48. [PMID: 37528460 PMCID: PMC10391972 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-023-00412-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Aerial insectivorous birds have suffered steep population declines in North America over the last 60 years. A lack of information on migratory connectivity between breeding and non-breeding grounds for these species limits our ability to interpret factors affecting their population-specific trends. We determined likely Latin American non-breeding regions of Bank (Riparia riparia), Barn (Hirundo rustica) and Cliff (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) swallow from populations across their breeding ranges. We used predicted feather hydrogen (δ2Hf) and carbon (δ13Cf) isoscapes for winter-grown feathers to indicate areas of highest probability of moult origin and incorporated these results into a cluster analysis to determine likely broad non-breeding regions. We also assessed variation in wing length among populations to determine the potential for this metric to differentiate population moult origins. We then investigated patterns of multi-isotopic (δ2Hf, δ13Cf, δ15Nf) and wing-length niche occupancy by quantifying niche size and overlap among populations under the assumption that broad niches were consistent with low within-species migratory connectivity and narrow and non-overlapping niches with higher connectivity. Multivariate assignment identified different non-breeding regions and potential clusters of moult origin generally corresponding to Central America and northern South America, eastern and south-central South America, and the western and southern part of that continent, with variation within and among populations and species. Separate niche space indicated different wintering habitat or areas used by species or populations whereas niche overlap indicated only potential spatial similarity. Wing length varied significantly among populations by species, being longer in the west and north for Bank and Cliff Swallow and longer in eastern Canadian Barn Swallow populations. Barn Swallow occupied consistently larger isotopic and wing length niche space than the other species. Comparisons among populations across species showed variable isotopic and wing-length niche overlap generally being greater within breeding regions and lower between western and eastern breeding populations supporting a general North American continental divide for all species with generally low migratory connectivity for all species. We present a novel approach to assessing connectivity using inexpensive and broad isotopic approaches that provides the basis for hypothesis testing using more spatially explicit expensive techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Hobson
- Wildlife and Landscape Research Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 3H5, Canada.
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada.
| | - Kevin J Kardynal
- Wildlife and Landscape Research Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 3H5, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
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6
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Alario A, Trevino M, Justen H, Woodman CJ, Roth TC, Delmore KE. Learning and memory in hybrid migratory songbirds: cognition as a reproductive isolating barrier across seasons. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10866. [PMID: 37407574 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37379-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybrid zones can be used to identify traits that maintain reproductive isolation and contribute to speciation. Cognitive traits may serve as post-mating reproductive isolating barriers, reducing the fitness of hybrids if, for example, misexpression occurs in hybrids and disrupts important neurological mechanisms. We tested this hypothesis in a hybrid zone between two subspecies of Swainson's thrushes (Catharus ustulatus) using two cognitive tests-an associative learning spatial test and neophobia test. We included comparisons across the sexes and seasons (spring migration and winter), testing if hybrid females performed worse than males (as per Haldane's rule) and if birds (regardless of ancestry or sex) performed better during migration, when they are building navigational maps and encountering new environments. We documented reduced cognitive abilities in hybrids, but this result was limited to males and winter. Hybrid females did not perform worse than males in either season. Although season was a significant predictor of performance, contrary to our prediction, all birds learned faster during the winter. The hypothesis that cognitive traits could serve as post-mating isolating barriers is relatively new; this is one of the first tests in a natural hybrid zone and non-food-caching species. We also provide one of the first comparisons of cognitive abilities between seasons. Future neurostructural and neurophysiological work should be used to examine mechanisms underlying our behavioral observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Alario
- Texas A&M University, 3528 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Marlene Trevino
- Texas A&M University, 3528 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Hannah Justen
- Texas A&M University, 3528 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | | | - Timothy C Roth
- Department of Psychology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, 17603, USA
| | - Kira E Delmore
- Texas A&M University, 3528 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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7
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Genetic and ecological drivers of molt in a migratory bird. Sci Rep 2023; 13:814. [PMID: 36646769 PMCID: PMC9842746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26973-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of animals to sync the timing and location of molting (the replacement of hair, skin, exoskeletons or feathers) with peaks in resource availability has important implications for their ecology and evolution. In migratory birds, the timing and location of pre-migratory feather molting, a period when feathers are shed and replaced with newer, more aerodynamic feathers, can vary within and between species. While hypotheses to explain the evolution of intraspecific variation in the timing and location of molt have been proposed, little is known about the genetic basis of this trait or the specific environmental drivers that may result in natural selection for distinct molting phenotypes. Here we take advantage of intraspecific variation in the timing and location of molt in the iconic songbird, the Painted Bunting (Passerina ciris) to investigate the genetic and ecological drivers of distinct molting phenotypes. Specifically, we use genome-wide genetic sequencing in combination with stable isotope analysis to determine population genetic structure and molting phenotype across thirteen breeding sites. We then use genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) to identify a suite of genes associated with molting and pair this with gene-environment association analysis (GEA) to investigate potential environmental drivers of genetic variation in this trait. Associations between genetic variation in molt-linked genes and the environment are further tested via targeted SNP genotyping in 25 additional breeding populations across the range. Together, our integrative analysis suggests that molting is in part regulated by genes linked to feather development and structure (GLI2 and CSPG4) and that genetic variation in these genes is associated with seasonal variation in precipitation and aridity. Overall, this work provides important insights into the genetic basis and potential selective forces behind phenotypic variation in what is arguably one of the most important fitness-linked traits in a migratory bird.
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8
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As the Goose Flies: Migration Routes and Timing Influence Patterns of Genetic Diversity in a Circumpolar Migratory Herbivore. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14121067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Migration schedules and the timing of other annual events (e.g., pair formation and molt) can affect the distribution of genetic diversity as much as where these events occur. The greater white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons) is a circumpolar goose species, exhibiting temporal and spatial variation of events among populations during the annual cycle. Previous range-wide genetic assessments of the nuclear genome based on eight microsatellite loci suggest a single, largely panmictic population despite up to five subspecies currently recognized based on phenotypic differences. We used double digest restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD-seq) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data to re-evaluate estimates of spatial genomic structure and to characterize how past and present processes have shaped the patterns of genetic diversity and connectivity across the Arctic and subarctic. We uncovered previously undetected inter-population differentiation with genetic clusters corresponding to sampling locales associated with current management groups. We further observed subtle genetic clustering within each management unit that can be at least partially explained by the timing and directionality of migration events along with other behaviors during the annual cycle. The Tule Goose (A. a. elgasi) and Greenland subspecies (A. a. flavirostris) showed the highest level of divergence among all sampling locales investigated. The recovery of previously undetected broad and fine-scale spatial structure suggests that the strong cultural transmission of migratory behavior restricts gene flow across portions of the species’ range. Our data further highlight the importance of re-evaluating previous assessments conducted based on a small number of highly variable genetic markers in phenotypically diverse species.
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9
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Turbek SP, Schield DR, Scordato ESC, Contina A, Da XW, Liu Y, Liu Y, Pagani-Núñez E, Ren QM, Smith CCR, Stricker CA, Wunder M, Zonana DM, Safran RJ. A migratory divide spanning two continents is associated with genomic and ecological divergence. Evolution 2022; 76:722-736. [PMID: 35166383 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Migratory divides are contact zones between breeding populations with divergent migratory strategies during the nonbreeding season. These locations provide an opportunity to evaluate the role of seasonal migration in the maintenance of reproductive isolation, particularly the relationship between population structure and features associated with distinct migratory strategies. We combine light-level geolocators, genomic sequencing, and stable isotopes to investigate the timing of migration and migratory routes of individuals breeding on either side of a migratory divide coinciding with genomic differentiation across a hybrid zone between barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) subspecies in China. Individuals west of the hybrid zone, with H. r. rustica ancestry, had comparatively enriched stable-carbon and hydrogen isotope values and overwintered in eastern Africa, whereas birds east of the hybrid zone, with H. r. gutturalis ancestry, had depleted isotope values and migrated to southern India. The two subspecies took divergent migratory routes around the high-altitude Karakoram Range and arrived on the breeding grounds over 3 weeks apart. These results indicate that assortative mating by timing of arrival and/or selection against hybrids with intermediate migratory traits may maintain reproductive isolation between the subspecies, and that inhospitable geographic features may have contributed to the diversification of Asian avifauna by influencing migratory patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheela P Turbek
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309
| | - Drew R Schield
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309
| | - Elizabeth S C Scordato
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309.,Department of Biological Sciences, Cal Poly Pomona, Pomona, California, 91768
| | - Andrea Contina
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, 80217
| | - Xin-Wei Da
- College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Emilio Pagani-Núñez
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qing-Miao Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chris C R Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309
| | - Craig A Stricker
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80526
| | - Michael Wunder
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, 80217
| | - David M Zonana
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, 80210
| | - Rebecca J Safran
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309
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Moran BM, Payne C, Langdon Q, Powell DL, Brandvain Y, Schumer M. The genomic consequences of hybridization. eLife 2021; 10:e69016. [PMID: 34346866 PMCID: PMC8337078 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, advances in genome sequencing have allowed researchers to uncover the history of hybridization in diverse groups of species, including our own. Although the field has made impressive progress in documenting the extent of natural hybridization, both historical and recent, there are still many unanswered questions about its genetic and evolutionary consequences. Recent work has suggested that the outcomes of hybridization in the genome may be in part predictable, but many open questions about the nature of selection on hybrids and the biological variables that shape such selection have hampered progress in this area. We synthesize what is known about the mechanisms that drive changes in ancestry in the genome after hybridization, highlight major unresolved questions, and discuss their implications for the predictability of genome evolution after hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Moran
- Department of Biology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas de las Huastecas “Aguazarca”HidalgoMexico
| | - Cheyenne Payne
- Department of Biology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas de las Huastecas “Aguazarca”HidalgoMexico
| | - Quinn Langdon
- Department of Biology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Daniel L Powell
- Department of Biology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas de las Huastecas “Aguazarca”HidalgoMexico
| | - Yaniv Brandvain
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior and Plant and Microbial Biology, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Molly Schumer
- Department of Biology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas de las Huastecas “Aguazarca”HidalgoMexico
- Hanna H. Gray Fellow, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteStanfordUnited States
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11
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Justen H, Kimmitt AA, Delmore KE. Estimating hybridization rates in the wild: Easier said than done? Evolution 2021; 75:2137-2144. [PMID: 32820532 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hybridization has important effects on the evolutionary trajectories of natural populations but estimates of this process in the wild and at the individual-level are lacking. Justyn et al. attempted to fill this gap using the citizen science database eBird but there are limitations to this approach. Here, we outline and directly test these limitations using literature searches, case studies, and a comparison between eBird and Birds of North America (BNA), a database that documents hybridization using the scientific literature. We use a hybrid zone between Lazuli and Indigo buntings to highlight the importance of considering geographic range when estimating rates of hybridization and two literature searches to show the importance of considering cryptic hybrids (those that cannot be identified using phenotypic traits) when quantifying these rates. We also use BNA and a case study of hybrid White-faced and Glossy Ibises to show that citizen scientists are underreporting hybrids compared with experts. Justyn et al. highlighted an important gap in the literature, but their results likely represent the lower limit of hybridization between birds and a more nuanced interpretation of their results (e.g., considering extrinsic postzygotic selection) is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Justen
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | | | - Kira E Delmore
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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12
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Zhao T, Ilieva M, Larson K, Lundberg M, Neto JM, Sokolovskis K, Åkesson S, Bensch S. Autumn migration direction of juvenile willow warblers ( Phylloscopus t. trochilus and P. t. acredula) and their hybrids assessed by qPCR SNP genotyping. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2020; 8:22. [PMID: 32514357 PMCID: PMC7257155 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-020-00209-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Geographic regions, where two closely related taxa with different migration routes come into contact, are known as migratory divides. Hybrids originating from migratory divides are hypothesized to migrate intermediately relative to the parental populations. Few studies have tested this hypothesis in wild birds, and only in hybrids that have completed the migration back to the breeding grounds. Here, we make use of the well-established migration routes of willow warblers (Phylloscopus trochilus), for which the subspecies trochilus and acredula have migration-associated genetic markers on chromosomes 1 and 5. The genetic approach enabled us to analyze the geographic distribution of juveniles during their first autumn migration, predicting that hybrids should be more frequent in the central flyway over Italy than along the typical SW routes of trochilus and SE routes of acredula. METHODS Blood and feather samples were collected from wintering birds in Africa (n = 69), and from juveniles during autumn migration in Portugal (n = 33), Italy (n = 38) and Bulgaria (n = 32). Genotyping was carried out by qPCR SNP assays, on one SNP each on chromosome 1 (SNP 65) and chromosome 5 (SNP 285). Both these SNPs have alternative alleles that are highly fixed (> 97%) in each of the subspecies. RESULTS The observed combined genotypes of the two SNPs were associated with the known migration routes and wintering distributions of trochilus and acredula, respectively. We found hybrids (HH) among the juveniles in Italy (5/38) and in Portugal (2/33). The proportion of hybrids in Italy was significantly higher than expected from a background rate of hybrid genotypes (1.5%) in allopatric populations of the subspecies. CONCLUSIONS Our genetic approach to assign individuals to subspecies and hybrids allowed us to investigate migration direction in juvenile birds on their first migration, which should better reflect the innate migratory direction than studies restricted to successful migrants. The excess of hybrids in Italy, suggests that they employ an intermediate route relative to the parental populations. Our qPCR SNP genotyping method is efficient for processing large sample sizes, and will therefore be useful in migration research of species with known population genetic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Zhao
- Department of Biology, Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, SE Sweden
| | - Mihaela Ilieva
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin str, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Keith Larson
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, SE Sweden
| | - Max Lundberg
- Department of Biology, Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, SE Sweden
| | - Júlio M. Neto
- Department of Biology, Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, SE Sweden
| | - Kristaps Sokolovskis
- Department of Biology, Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, SE Sweden
| | - Susanne Åkesson
- Department of Biology, Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, SE Sweden
| | - Staffan Bensch
- Department of Biology, Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, SE Sweden
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13
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McEntee JP, Burleigh JG, Singhal S. Dispersal Predicts Hybrid Zone Widths across Animal Diversity: Implications for Species Borders under Incomplete Reproductive Isolation. Am Nat 2020; 196:9-28. [PMID: 32552108 DOI: 10.1086/709109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid zones occur as range boundaries for many animal taxa. One model for how hybrid zones form and stabilize is the tension zone model, a version of which predicts that hybrid zone widths are determined by a balance between random dispersal into hybrid zones and selection against hybrids. Here, we examine whether random dispersal and proxies for selection against hybrids (genetic distances between hybridizing pairs) can explain variation in hybrid zone widths across 131 hybridizing pairs of animals. We show that these factors alone can explain ∼40% of the variation in zone width among animal hybrid zones, with dispersal explaining far more of the variation than genetic distances. Patterns within clades were idiosyncratic. Genetic distances predicted hybrid zone widths particularly well for reptiles, while this relationship was opposite tension zone predictions in birds. Last, the data suggest that dispersal and molecular divergence set lower bounds on hybrid zone widths in animals, indicating that there are geographic restrictions on hybrid zone formation. Overall, our analyses reinforce the fundamental importance of dispersal in hybrid zone formation and more generally in the ecology of range boundaries.
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14
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Slager DL, Epperly KL, Ha RR, Rohwer S, Wood C, Van Hemert C, Klicka J. Cryptic and extensive hybridization between ancient lineages of American crows. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:956-969. [PMID: 32034818 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Most species and therefore most hybrid zones have historically been defined using phenotypic characters. However, both speciation and hybridization can occur with negligible morphological differentiation. Recently developed genomic tools provide the means to better understand cryptic speciation and hybridization. The Northwestern Crow (Corvus caurinus) and American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) are continuously distributed sister taxa that lack reliable traditional characters for identification. In this first population genomic study of Northwestern and American crows, we use genomic SNPs (nuDNA) and mtDNA to investigate the degree of genetic differentiation between these crows and the extent to which they may hybridize. Our results indicate that American and Northwestern crows have distinct evolutionary histories, supported by two nuDNA ancestry clusters and two 1.1%-divergent mtDNA clades dating to the late Pleistocene, when glacial advances may have isolated crow populations in separate refugia. We document extensive hybridization, with geographic overlap of mtDNA clades and admixture of nuDNA across >900 km of western Washington and western British Columbia. This broad hybrid zone consists of late-generation hybrids and backcrosses, but not recent (e.g., F1) hybrids. Nuclear DNA and mtDNA clines had concordant widths and were both centred in southwestern British Columbia, farther north than previously postulated. Overall, our results suggest a history of reticulate evolution in American and Northwestern crows, perhaps due to recurring neutral expansion(s) from Pleistocene glacial refugia followed by lineage fusion(s). However, we do not rule out a contributing role for more recent potential drivers of hybridization, such as expansion into human-modified habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Slager
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kevin L Epperly
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Renee R Ha
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sievert Rohwer
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chris Wood
- Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - John Klicka
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, Seattle, WA, USA
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15
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Scordato ESC, Smith CCR, Semenov GA, Liu Y, Wilkins MR, Liang W, Rubtsov A, Sundev G, Koyama K, Turbek SP, Wunder MB, Stricker CA, Safran RJ. Migratory divides coincide with reproductive barriers across replicated avian hybrid zones above the Tibetan Plateau. Ecol Lett 2019; 23:231-241. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S. C. Scordato
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology The University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
- Department of Biological Sciences California State Polytechnic University Pomona CA USA
| | - Chris C. R. Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology The University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
| | - Georgy A. Semenov
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology The University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
- Institute of Ecology and Systematics of Animals Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Yu Liu
- Queen Mary University of London London England
- Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Matthew R. Wilkins
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology The University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
- Vanderbilt University Center for Science Outreach Nashville TN37212 USA
| | - Wei Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands College of Life Sciences Hainan Normal University Haikou571158 China
| | | | - Gomboobaatar Sundev
- National University of Mongolia P. O. Box 537 Ulaanbaatar210646 Mongolia
- Mongolian Ornithological Society P. O. Box 537 Ulaanbaatar210646 Mongolia
| | - Kazuo Koyama
- Japan Bird Research Association Tokyo Japan183‐0034
| | - Sheela P. Turbek
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology The University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
| | - Michael B. Wunder
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Colorado Denver Denver CO USA
| | | | - Rebecca J. Safran
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology The University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
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16
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Langton‐Myers SS, Holwell GI, Buckley TR. Weak premating isolation betweenClitarchusstick insect species despite divergent male and female genital morphology. J Evol Biol 2019; 32:398-411. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shelley S. Langton‐Myers
- Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research Auckland New Zealand
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- EcoQuest Education Foundation ‐ Te Rarangahau Taiao Whakatiwai New Zealand
| | - Gregory I. Holwell
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Thomas R. Buckley
- Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research Auckland New Zealand
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
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17
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Hindley J, Graham B, Burg T. Pleistocene glacial cycles and physical barriers influence phylogeographic structure in Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus), a widespread North American passerine. CAN J ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2018-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The nonmigratory Black-capped Chickadee (Poecile atricapillus (Linnaeus, 1766)) has a continent-wide distribution extending across large parts of North America. To investigate the phylogeographic structure and verify possible refugia during the last glacial maximum, we sequenced a 678 bp region of the mitochondrial control region from 633 Black-capped Chickadees at 35 sites across North America and performed paleoecological distribution modeling. Two genetically distinct groups were found using multiple analyses: one in Newfoundland (Canada) and a widespread continental group, with additional substructure evident in western continental populations. While gene flow is low throughout the range, it is especially low in peripheral populations. The Newfoundland population has remained isolated from continental populations for at least 65 000 years and contains a number of fixed nucleotide differences. Within the continental populations, Black-capped Chickadees are subdivided into Pacific Coast, Alaska (USA), southeast Rockies, and main-northeast groups consistent with late Pleistocene vicariance events. Evidence of secondary contact was identified between Pacific and main-northeast populations in northwest British Columbia (Canada) and between southeast Rockies and main-northeast groups in Montana (USA). Paleoecological distribution modeling predicted suitable habitat in Alaska, off the coast of Newfoundland, and several locations across the southern United States during the last glacial maximum, whereas suitable habitat during the last interglacial was more similar to the contemporary distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Hindley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - B.A. Graham
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - T.M. Burg
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
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18
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Winger BM, Auteri GG, Pegan TM, Weeks BC. A long winter for the Red Queen: rethinking the evolution of seasonal migration. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 94:737-752. [PMID: 30393938 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper advances an hypothesis that the primary adaptive driver of seasonal migration is maintenance of site fidelity to familiar breeding locations. We argue that seasonal migration is therefore principally an adaptation for geographic persistence when confronted with seasonality - analogous to hibernation, freeze tolerance, or other organismal adaptations to cyclically fluctuating environments. These ideas stand in contrast to traditional views that bird migration evolved as an adaptive dispersal strategy for exploiting new breeding areas and avoiding competitors. Our synthesis is supported by a large body of research on avian breeding biology that demonstrates the reproductive benefits of breeding-site fidelity. Conceptualizing migration as an adaptation for persistence places new emphasis on understanding the evolutionary trade-offs between migratory behaviour and other adaptations to fluctuating environments both within and across species. Seasonality-induced departures from breeding areas, coupled with the reproductive benefits of maintaining breeding-site fidelity, also provide a mechanism for explaining the evolution of migration that is agnostic to the geographic origin of migratory lineages (i.e. temperate or tropical). Thus, our framework reconciles much of the conflict in previous research on the historical biogeography of migratory species. Although migratory behaviour and geographic range change fluidly and rapidly in many populations, we argue that the loss of plasticity for migration via canalization is an overlooked aspect of the evolutionary dynamics of migration and helps explain the idiosyncratic distributions and migratory routes of long-distance migrants. Our synthesis, which revolves around the insight that migratory organisms travel long distances simply to stay in the same place, provides a necessary evolutionary context for understanding historical biogeographic patterns in migratory lineages as well as the ecological dynamics of migratory connectivity between breeding and non-breeding locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Winger
- Museum of Zoology and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, U.S.A
| | - Giorgia G Auteri
- Museum of Zoology and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, U.S.A
| | - Teresa M Pegan
- Museum of Zoology and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, U.S.A
| | - Brian C Weeks
- Museum of Zoology and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, U.S.A
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19
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Bell KC, Demboski JR, Cook JA. Sympatric Parasites Have Similar Host-Associated, but Asynchronous, Patterns of Diversification. Am Nat 2018; 192:E106-E119. [DOI: 10.1086/698300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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20
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Turbek SP, Scordato ES, Safran RJ. The Role of Seasonal Migration in Population Divergence and Reproductive Isolation. Trends Ecol Evol 2018; 33:164-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Bay RA, Ruegg K. Genomic islands of divergence or opportunities for introgression? Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2016.2414. [PMID: 28275143 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.2414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In animals, introgression between species is often perceived as the breakdown of reproductive isolating mechanisms, but gene flow between incipient species can also represent a source for potentially beneficial alleles. Recently, genome-wide datasets have revealed clusters of differentiated loci ('genomic islands of divergence') that are thought to play a role in reproductive isolation and therefore have reduced gene flow. We use simulations to further examine the evolutionary forces that shape and maintain genomic islands of divergence between two subspecies of the migratory songbird, Swainson's thrush (Catharus ustulatus), which have come into secondary contact since the last glacial maximum. We find that, contrary to expectation, gene flow is high within islands and is highly asymmetric. In addition, patterns of nucleotide diversity at highly differentiated loci suggest selection was more frequent in a single ecotype. We propose a mechanism whereby beneficial alleles spread via selective sweeps following a post-glacial demographic expansion in one subspecies and move preferentially across the hybrid zone. We find no evidence that genomic islands are the result of divergent selection or reproductive isolation, rather our results suggest that differentiated loci both within and outside islands could provide opportunities for adaptive introgression across porous species boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael A Bay
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute for the Environment and Sustainability, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kristen Ruegg
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute for the Environment and Sustainability, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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22
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Morales-Rozo A, Tenorio EA, Carling MD, Cadena CD. Origin and cross-century dynamics of an avian hybrid zone. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:257. [PMID: 29246108 PMCID: PMC5732383 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-1096-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Characterizations of the dynamics of hybrid zones in space and time can give insights about traits and processes important in population divergence and speciation. We characterized a hybrid zone between tanagers in the genus Ramphocelus (Aves, Thraupidae) located in southwestern Colombia. We evaluated whether this hybrid zone originated as a result of secondary contact or of primary differentiation, and described its dynamics across time using spatial analyses of molecular, morphological, and coloration data in combination with paleodistribution modeling. Results Models of potential historical distributions based on climatic data and genetic signatures of demographic expansion suggested that the hybrid zone likely originated following secondary contact between populations that expanded their ranges out of isolated areas in the Quaternary. Concordant patterns of variation in phenotypic characters across the hybrid zone and its narrow extent are suggestive of a tension zone, maintained by a balance between dispersal and selection against hybrids. Estimates of phenotypic cline parameters obtained using specimens collected over nearly a century revealed that, in recent decades, the zone appears to have moved to the east and to higher elevations, and may have become narrower. Genetic variation was not clearly structured along the hybrid zone, but comparisons between historical and contemporary specimens suggested that temporal changes in its genetic makeup may also have occurred. Conclusions Our data suggest that the hybrid zone likey resulted from secondary contact between populations. The observed changes in the hybrid zone may be a result of sexual selection, asymmetric gene flow, or environmental change. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi: 10.1186/s12862-017-1096-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Morales-Rozo
- Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva de Vertebrados, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.,Programa de Biología y Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad de los Llanos, Sede Barcelona, Villavicencio, Colombia
| | - Elkin A Tenorio
- Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva de Vertebrados, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.,Calima: Fundación para la Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Conservación en el Trópico, Cali, Colombia
| | - Matthew D Carling
- Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Carlos Daniel Cadena
- Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva de Vertebrados, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
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23
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Semenov GA, Scordato ESC, Khaydarov DR, Smith C, Kane NC, Safran RJ. Effects of assortative mate choice on the genomic and morphological structure of a hybrid zone between two bird subspecies. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:6430-6444. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgy A. Semenov
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology The University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals Novosibirsk Russia
| | | | | | - Chris C. R. Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology The University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
| | - Nolan C. Kane
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology The University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
| | - Rebecca J. Safran
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology The University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
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24
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Hanna ZR, Henderson JB, Sellas AB, Fuchs J, Bowie RCK, Dumbacher JP. Complete mitochondrial genome sequences of the northern spotted owl ( Strix occidentalis caurina) and the barred owl ( Strix varia; Aves: Strigiformes: Strigidae) confirm the presence of a duplicated control region. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3901. [PMID: 29038757 PMCID: PMC5639871 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here the successful assembly of the complete mitochondrial genomes of the northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) and the barred owl (S. varia). We utilized sequence data from two sequencing methodologies, Illumina paired-end sequence data with insert lengths ranging from approximately 250 nucleotides (nt) to 9,600 nt and read lengths from 100–375 nt and Sanger-derived sequences. We employed multiple assemblers and alignment methods to generate the final assemblies. The circular genomes of S. o. caurina and S. varia are comprised of 19,948 nt and 18,975 nt, respectively. Both code for two rRNAs, twenty-two tRNAs, and thirteen polypeptides. They both have duplicated control region sequences with complex repeat structures. We were not able to assemble the control regions solely using Illumina paired-end sequence data. By fully spanning the control regions, Sanger-derived sequences enabled accurate and complete assembly of these mitochondrial genomes. These are the first complete mitochondrial genome sequences of owls (Aves: Strigiformes) possessing duplicated control regions. We searched the nuclear genome of S. o. caurina for copies of mitochondrial genes and found at least nine separate stretches of nuclear copies of gene sequences originating in the mitochondrial genome (Numts). The Numts ranged from 226–19,522 nt in length and included copies of all mitochondrial genes except tRNAPro, ND6, and tRNAGlu. Strix occidentalis caurina and S. varia exhibited an average of 10.74% (8.68% uncorrected p-distance) divergence across the non-tRNA mitochondrial genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R Hanna
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America.,Department of Ornithology & Mammalogy, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, United States of America.,Center for Comparative Genomics, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - James B Henderson
- Department of Ornithology & Mammalogy, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, United States of America.,Center for Comparative Genomics, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Anna B Sellas
- Center for Comparative Genomics, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, United States of America.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Jérôme Fuchs
- Department of Ornithology & Mammalogy, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, United States of America.,UMR 7205 Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Rauri C K Bowie
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - John P Dumbacher
- Department of Ornithology & Mammalogy, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, United States of America.,Center for Comparative Genomics, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
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25
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Toews DPL, Heavyside J, Irwin DE. Linking the wintering and breeding grounds of warblers along the Pacific Flyway. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:6649-6658. [PMID: 28904747 PMCID: PMC5587466 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Long‐distance migration is a behavior that is exhibited by many animal groups. The evolution of novel migration routes can play an important role in range expansions, ecological interactions, and speciation. New migration routes may evolve in response to selection in favor of reducing distance between breeding and wintering areas, or avoiding navigational barriers. Many migratory changes are likely to evolve gradually and are therefore difficult to study. Here, we attempt to connect breeding and wintering populations of myrtle warblers (Setophaga coronata coronata) to better understand the possible evolution of distinct migration routes within this species. Myrtle warblers, unlike most other warblers with breeding ranges primarily in eastern North America, have two disjunct overwintering concentrations—one in the southeastern USA and one along the Pacific Coast—and presumably distinct routes to‐and‐from these locations. We studied both myrtle and Audubon's warblers (S. c. auduboni) captured during their spring migration along the Pacific Coast, south of the narrow region where these two taxa hybridize. Using stable hydrogen isotopes and biometric data, we show that those myrtle warblers wintering along the southern Pacific Coast of North America are likely to breed at high latitudes in Alaska and the Yukon rather than in Alberta or further east. Our interpretation is that the evolution of this wintering range and migration route along the Pacific Coast may have facilitated the breeding expansion of myrtle warblers into northwestern North America. Moreover, these data suggest that there may be a migratory divide within genetically similar populations of myrtle warblers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P L Toews
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada.,Cornell Lab of Ornithology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - Julian Heavyside
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Darren E Irwin
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
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26
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Toews DPL, Delmore KE, Osmond MM, Taylor PD, Irwin DE. Migratory orientation in a narrow avian hybrid zone. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3201. [PMID: 28439469 PMCID: PMC5398278 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zones of contact between closely related taxa with divergent migratory routes, termed migratory divides, have been suggested as areas where hybrid offspring may have intermediate and inferior migratory routes, resulting in low fitness of hybrids and thereby promoting speciation. In the Rocky Mountains of Canada there is a narrow hybrid zone between Audubon's and myrtle warblers that is likely maintained by selection against hybrids. Band recoveries and isotopic studies indicate that this hybrid zone broadly corresponds to the location of a possible migratory divide, with Audubon's warblers migrating south-southwest and myrtle warblers migrating southeast. We tested a key prediction of the migratory divide hypothesis: that genetic background would be predictive of migratory orientation among warblers in the center of the hybrid zone. METHODS We recorded fall migratory orientation of wild-caught migrating warblers in the center of the hybrid zone as measured by video-based monitoring of migratory restlessness in circular orientation chambers. We then tested whether there was a relationship between migratory orientation and genetic background, as measured using a set of species-specific diagnostic genetic markers. RESULTS We did not detect a significant association between orientation and genetic background. There was large variation among individuals in orientation direction. Mean orientation was towards the NE, surprising for birds on fall migration, but aligned with the mountain valley in which the study took place. CONCLUSIONS Only one other study has directly analyzed migratory orientation among naturally-produced hybrids in a migratory divide. While the other study showed an association between genetic background and orientation, we did not observe such an association in yellow-rumped warblers. We discuss possible reasons, including the possibility of a lack of a strong migratory divide in this hybrid zone and/or methodological limitations that may have prevented accurate measurements of long-distance migratory orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P L Toews
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Current Address: Fuller Evolutionary Biology Program, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Kira E Delmore
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Current Address: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - Matthew M Osmond
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Philip D Taylor
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Darren E Irwin
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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27
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Calderón L, Campagna L, Wilke T, Lormee H, Eraud C, Dunn JC, Rocha G, Zehtindjiev P, Bakaloudis DE, Metzger B, Cecere JG, Marx M, Quillfeldt P. Genomic evidence of demographic fluctuations and lack of genetic structure across flyways in a long distance migrant, the European turtle dove. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:237. [PMID: 27821052 PMCID: PMC5100323 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0817-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how past climatic oscillations have affected organismic evolution will help predict the impact that current climate change has on living organisms. The European turtle dove, Streptopelia turtur, is a warm-temperature adapted species and a long distance migrant that uses multiple flyways to move between Europe and Africa. Despite being abundant, it is categorized as vulnerable because of a long-term demographic decline. We studied the demographic history and population genetic structure of the European turtle dove using genomic data and mitochondrial DNA sequences from individuals sampled across Europe, and performing paleoclimatic niche modelling simulations. RESULTS Overall our data suggest that this species is panmictic across Europe, and is not genetically structured across flyways. We found the genetic signatures of demographic fluctuations, inferring an effective population size (Ne) expansion that occurred between the late Pleistocene and early Holocene, followed by a decrease in the Ne that started between the mid Holocene and the present. Our niche modelling analyses suggest that the variations in the Ne are coincident with recent changes in the availability of suitable habitat. CONCLUSIONS We argue that the European turtle dove is prone to undergo demographic fluctuations, a trait that makes it sensitive to anthropogenic impacts, especially when its numbers are decreasing. Also, considering the lack of genetic structure, we suggest all populations across Europe are equally relevant for conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Calderón
- Department of Animal Ecology & Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 82, Giessen, 35392, Germany.
| | - Leonardo Campagna
- Fuller Evolutionary Biology Program, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, 215 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Thomas Wilke
- Department of Animal Ecology & Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 82, Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Hervé Lormee
- Unité Avifaune Migratrice, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Villiers en Bois, Chizé, 79360, France
| | - Cyril Eraud
- Unité Avifaune Migratrice, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Villiers en Bois, Chizé, 79360, France
| | - Jenny C Dunn
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Gregorio Rocha
- Department of Agro-forestry Engineering, University of Extremadura, Avda. Virgen del Puerto 2, Plasencia, Cáceres, 10600, Spain
| | - Pavel Zehtindjiev
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, 2 Gagarin Street, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Dimitrios E Bakaloudis
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Forestry and Natural Environment, PO Box 241, Thessaloniki, 541 24, Greece
| | | | - Jacopo G Cecere
- Instituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, Via Ca' Fornacetta 9, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, (BO), 40064, Italy
| | - Melanie Marx
- Department of Animal Ecology & Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 82, Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Petra Quillfeldt
- Department of Animal Ecology & Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 82, Giessen, 35392, Germany
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Johnston RA, Paxton KL, Moore FR, Wayne RK, Smith TB. Seasonal gene expression in a migratory songbird. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:5680-5691. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Johnston
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California, Los Angeles 610 Charles E Young Dr. South Rm. 4162 Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Kristina L. Paxton
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
- Department of Biology University of Hawaii Hilo Hilo HI 96720 USA
| | - Frank R. Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Robert K. Wayne
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California, Los Angeles 610 Charles E Young Dr. South Rm. 4162 Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Thomas B. Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California, Los Angeles 610 Charles E Young Dr. South Rm. 4162 Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
- Center for Tropical Research Institute of the Environment and Sustainability University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
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29
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Delmore KE, Kenyon HL, Germain RR, Irwin DE. Phenotypic divergence during speciation is inversely associated with differences in seasonal migration. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:rspb.2015.1921. [PMID: 26559951 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.1921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Differences in seasonal migration might promote reproductive isolation and differentiation by causing populations in migratory divides to arrive on the breeding grounds at different times and/or produce hybrids that take inferior migratory routes. We examined this question by quantifying divergence in song, colour, and morphology between sister pairs of North American migratory birds. We predicted that apparent rates of phenotypic differentiation would differ between pairs that do and do not form migratory divides. Consistent with this prediction, results from mixed effects models and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck models of evolution showed different rates of divergence between these groups; surprisingly, differentiation was greater among non-divide pairs. We interpret this finding as a result of variable rates of population blending and fusion between partially diverged forms. Ancient pairs of populations that subsequently fused are now observed as a single form, whereas those that did not fuse are observable as pairs and included in our study. We propose that fusion of two populations is more likely to occur when they have similar migratory routes and little other phenotypic differentiation that would cause reproductive isolation. By contrast, pairs with migratory divides are more likely to remain reproductively isolated, even when differing little in other phenotypic traits. These findings suggest that migratory differences may be one among several isolating barriers that prevent divergent populations from fusing and thereby increase the likelihood that they will continue differentiating as distinct species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira E Delmore
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T1Z4
| | - Haley L Kenyon
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T1Z4
| | - Ryan R Germain
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T1Z4
| | - Darren E Irwin
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T1Z4
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30
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The Genetics of Seasonal Migration and Plumage Color. Curr Biol 2016; 26:2167-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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31
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Safran RJ, Scordato ESC, Wilkins MR, Hubbard JK, Jenkins BR, Albrecht T, Flaxman SM, Karaardıç H, Vortman Y, Lotem A, Nosil P, Pap P, Shen S, Chan S, Parchman T, Kane NC. Genome‐wide differentiation in closely related populations: the roles of selection and geographic isolation. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:3865-83. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. J. Safran
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
| | - E. S. C. Scordato
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
| | - M. R. Wilkins
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
- School of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska‐Lincoln Lincoln NE USA
| | - J. K. Hubbard
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
- School of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska‐Lincoln Lincoln NE USA
| | - B. R. Jenkins
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
| | - T. Albrecht
- Department of Zoology Charles University in Prague and Institute of Vertebrate Biology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague Czech Republic
| | - S. M. Flaxman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
| | - H. Karaardıç
- Elementary Science Education Department Education Faculty Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University Alanya Turkey
| | - Y. Vortman
- Department of Zoology Tel‐Aviv University Tel‐Aviv Israel
- Hula Research Center Department of Animal Sciences Tel‐Hai College Israel
| | - A. Lotem
- Department of Zoology Tel‐Aviv University Tel‐Aviv Israel
| | - P. Nosil
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - P. Pap
- Department of Taxonomy and Ecology Babeş‐Bolyai University Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - S. Shen
- Biodiversity Research Center Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
| | - S.‐F. Chan
- Biodiversity Research Center Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
| | - T.L. Parchman
- Department of Biology University of Nevada Reno NV USA
| | - N. C. Kane
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
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32
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McCabe JD, Olsen BJ, Hiebeler D. Wind patterns as a potential driver in the evolution and maintenance of a North American migratory suture zone. Evolution 2016; 70:2145-54. [PMID: 27435797 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Suture zones are areas where range contact zones and hybrid zones of multiple taxa are clustered. Migratory divides, contact zones between divergent populations that breed adjacent to one another but use different migratory routes, are a particular case of suture zones. Although multiple hypotheses for both the formation and maintenance of migratory divides have been suggested, quantitative tests are scarce. Here, we tested whether a novel factor, prevailing winds, was sufficient to explain both the evolution and maintenance of the Cordilleran migratory divide using individual-based models. Empirical observations of eastern birds suggest a circuitous migratory route across Canada before heading south. Western breeders, however, travel south along the Pacific coast to their wintering grounds. We modeled the effect of wind on bird migratory flights by allowing them to float at elevation using spatially explicit modeled wind data. Modeled eastern birds had easterly mean trajectories, whereas western breeders showed significantly more southern trajectories. We also determined that a mean airspeed of 18.5 m s(-1) would be necessary to eliminate this difference in trajectory, a speed that is achieved by waterfowl and shorebirds, but is faster than songbird flight speeds. These results lend support for the potential importance of wind in shaping the phylogeographic history of North American songbirds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D McCabe
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706. .,School of Biology & Ecology, Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469.
| | - Brian J Olsen
- School of Biology & Ecology, Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469
| | - David Hiebeler
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469
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33
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von Rönn JA, Shafer AB, Wolf JB. Disruptive selection without genome-wide evolution across a migratory divide. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:2529-41. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan A.C. von Rönn
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics; Max Planck Institute of Evolutionary Biology; August-Thienemann-Str. 2 24306 Plön Germany
| | - Aaron B.A. Shafer
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Science for Life Laboratory; Uppsala University; Norbyvägen 18D 75236 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Jochen B.W. Wolf
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics; Max Planck Institute of Evolutionary Biology; August-Thienemann-Str. 2 24306 Plön Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Science for Life Laboratory; Uppsala University; Norbyvägen 18D 75236 Uppsala Sweden
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34
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Takami Y, Osawa T. Ecological differentiation and habitat unsuitability maintaining a ground beetle hybrid zone. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:113-24. [PMID: 26811778 PMCID: PMC4716512 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exogenous selection via interactions between organisms and environments may influence the dynamics of hybrid zones between species in multiple ways. Two major models of a hybrid zone allowed us to hypothesize that environmental conditions influence hybrid zone dynamics in two ways. In the first model, an environmental gradient determines the mosaic distribution at the boundary between ecologically differentiated species (mosaic hybrid zone model). In the second model, a patch of unsuitable habitat traps a hybrid zone between species whose hybrids are unfit (tension zone model). To test these, we examined the environmental factors influencing the spatial structure of a hybrid zone between the ground beetles Carabus maiyasanus and C. iwawakianus using GIS‐based quantification of environmental factors and a statistical comparison of species distribution models (SDMs). We determined that both of the hypothetical processes can be important in the hybrid zone. We detected interspecific differences in the environmental factors in presence localities and their relative contribution in SDMs. SDMs were not identical between species even within contact areas, but tended to be similar within the range of each species. These results suggest an association between environments and species, and provide evidence that ecological differentiation between species plays a role in the maintenance of the hybrid zone. Contact areas were characterized by a relatively high temperature, low precipitation, and high topological wetness. Thus, the contact areas were regarded as being located in an unsuitable habitat with a drier climate, where those populations are likely to occur in patches with limited precipitation concentrated. A comparison of spatial scales suggests that exogenous selection via environmental factors may be weaker than endogenous selection via genitalic incompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuoki Takami
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment Kobe University Tsurukabuto 3-11, Nada Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Takeshi Osawa
- Nanional Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan; Japan Node of Global Biodiversity Information Facility Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
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35
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Dupuis JR, Sperling FAH. Repeated Reticulate Evolution in North American Papilio machaon Group Swallowtail Butterflies. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141882. [PMID: 26517268 PMCID: PMC4627828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybridization between distinct populations or species is increasingly recognized as an important process for generating biodiversity. However, the interaction between hybridization and speciation is complex, and the diverse evolutionary outcomes of hybridization are difficult to differentiate. Here we characterize potential hybridization in a species group of swallowtail butterflies using microsatellites, DNA sequences, and morphology, and assess whether adaptive introgression or homoploid hybrid speciation was the primary process leading to each putative hybrid lineage. Four geographically separated hybrid populations were identified in the Papilio machaon species group. One distinct mitochondrial DNA clade from P. machaon was fixed in three hybrid taxa (P. brevicauda, P. joanae, and P. m. kahli), while one hybrid swarm (P. zelicaon x machaon) exhibited this hybrid mtDNA clade as well as widespread parental mtDNA haplotypes from both parental species. Microsatellite markers and morphology showed variable admixture and intermediacy, ranging from signatures of prolonged differential introgression from the paternal species (P. polyxenes/P. zelicaon) to current gene flow with both parental species. Divergences of the hybrid lineages dated to early- to mid-Pleistocene, suggesting that repeated glaciations and subsequent range shifts of parental species, particularly P. machaon hudsonianus, facilitated initial hybridization. Although each lineage is distinct, P. joanae is the only taxon with sufficient evidence (ecological separation from parental species) to define it as a homoploid hybrid species. The repetition of hybridization in this group provides a valuable foundation for future research on hybridization, and these results emphasize the potential for hybridization to drive speciation in diverse ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian R. Dupuis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Felix A. H. Sperling
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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36
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Veloz S, Salas L, Altman B, Alexander J, Jongsomjit D, Elliott N, Ballard G. Improving effectiveness of systematic conservation planning with density data. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2015; 29:1217-1227. [PMID: 25873240 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Systematic conservation planning aims to design networks of protected areas that meet conservation goals across large landscapes. The optimal design of these conservation networks is most frequently based on the modeled habitat suitability or probability of occurrence of species, despite evidence that model predictions may not be highly correlated with species density. We hypothesized that conservation networks designed using species density distributions more efficiently conserve populations of all species considered than networks designed using probability of occurrence models. To test this hypothesis, we used the Zonation conservation prioritization algorithm to evaluate conservation network designs based on probability of occurrence versus density models for 26 land bird species in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. We assessed the efficacy of each conservation network based on predicted species densities and predicted species diversity. High-density model Zonation rankings protected more individuals per species when networks protected the highest priority 10-40% of the landscape. Compared with density-based models, the occurrence-based models protected more individuals in the lowest 50% priority areas of the landscape. The 2 approaches conserved species diversity in similar ways: predicted diversity was higher in higher priority locations in both conservation networks. We conclude that both density and probability of occurrence models can be useful for setting conservation priorities but that density-based models are best suited for identifying the highest priority areas. Developing methods to aggregate species count data from unrelated monitoring efforts and making these data widely available through ecoinformatics portals such as the Avian Knowledge Network will enable species count data to be more widely incorporated into systematic conservation planning efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Veloz
- Point Blue Conservation Science, 3820 Cypress Drive #11 Petaluma, CA, 94954, U.S.A
| | - Leonardo Salas
- Point Blue Conservation Science, 3820 Cypress Drive #11 Petaluma, CA, 94954, U.S.A
| | - Bob Altman
- American Bird Conservancy, 4249 Loudon Avenue, The Plains, VA, 20198, U.S.A
| | - John Alexander
- Klamath Bird Observatory, P.O. Box 758, Ashland, OR, 97520, U.S.A
| | - Dennis Jongsomjit
- Point Blue Conservation Science, 3820 Cypress Drive #11 Petaluma, CA, 94954, U.S.A
| | - Nathan Elliott
- Point Blue Conservation Science, 3820 Cypress Drive #11 Petaluma, CA, 94954, U.S.A
| | - Grant Ballard
- Point Blue Conservation Science, 3820 Cypress Drive #11 Petaluma, CA, 94954, U.S.A
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Delmore KE, Hübner S, Kane NC, Schuster R, Andrew RL, Câmara F, Guigó R, Irwin DE. Genomic analysis of a migratory divide reveals candidate genes for migration and implicates selective sweeps in generating islands of differentiation. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:1873-88. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kira E. Delmore
- Department of Zoology; University of British Columbia; 6270 University Blvd Vancouver BC Canada V6T1Z4
| | - Sariel Hübner
- Department of Botany; University of British Columbia; 6270 University Blvd Vancouver BC Canada V6T1Z4
| | - Nolan C. Kane
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Colorado at Boulder; Ramaley N122 Boulder CO 80309-0334 USA
| | - Richard Schuster
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences; University of British Columbia; 2424 Main Mall Vancouver BC Canada V6T1Z4
| | - Rose L. Andrew
- Molecular Ecology School of Environmental and Rural Science; University of New England Armidale; Armidale NSW 2351 Australia
| | - Francisco Câmara
- Centre for Genomic Regulation and UPF; Dr Aiguader 88 Barcelona 08003 Spain
| | - Roderic Guigó
- Centre for Genomic Regulation and UPF; Dr Aiguader 88 Barcelona 08003 Spain
| | - Darren E. Irwin
- Department of Zoology; University of British Columbia; 6270 University Blvd Vancouver BC Canada V6T1Z4
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38
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Delmore KE, Irwin DE. Hybrid songbirds employ intermediate routes in a migratory divide. Ecol Lett 2014; 17:1211-8. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kira E. Delmore
- Department of Zoology University of British Columbia 6270 University Blvd Vancouver British Columbia Canada V6T1Z4
| | - Darren E. Irwin
- Department of Zoology University of British Columbia 6270 University Blvd Vancouver British Columbia Canada V6T1Z4
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39
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Liedvogel M, Larson KW, Lundberg M, Gursoy A, Wassenaar LI, Hobson KA, Bensch S, Akesson S. No evidence for assortative mating within a willow warbler migratory divide. Front Zool 2014; 11:52. [PMID: 25053967 PMCID: PMC4105873 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-014-0052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In contact zones, genetic mixing of two taxa can be restricted by prezygotic (e.g. assortative mating) or postzygotic (lower fitness of hybrid offspring) barriers, or a combination of the two. A hybrid zone between two willow warbler subspecies (Phylloscopus trochilus trochilus, P. t. acredula) with distinctive migratory strategies occurs in central Sweden. These subspecies exhibit differences in migratory direction and distance, resulting in geographically distinct wintering areas in Africa. The subspecies may have diverged from a common refuge after the last ice age, and neutral genetic markers are homogeneous across their range. By contrast, several phenotypic traits and genetic markers of two chromosomal regions previously identified show steep clines across the divide. The evolutionary forces that maintain this migratory divide remain unknown. Here we use plumage colour, morphology, genetic markers and feather stable nitrogen-isotopes (δ15N) to assess if assortative mating between migratory phenotypes could be acting as a possible mechanism for keeping the two forms genetically separate and maintaining the migratory divide. We colour-ringed a willow warbler breeding population in the central part of the hybrid zone and observed the breeding population to assess phenotypic and genotypic traits of social pairs. Results Our data suggest that wintering area and genetic ancestry had an effect on male arrival time to the breeding grounds which could contribute to assortment. However, evidence for assortative mating could not be detected based on a comparison of plumage colour, morphology and δ15N between social mates. Conclusion This finding was strengthened by analyses of subspecies-specific genetic markers, which allowed us to identify the presence of a large proportion of potential hybrids and backcrosses at the study site. Our results supported the hypothesis that pre-mating isolation in willow warblers is weak, resulting in extensive hybridisation across the migratory divide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Liedvogel
- Center for Animal Movement Research (CAnMove), Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, 22362, Sweden ; Wildlife Ecology and Management, Freiburg University, Tennenbacher Str. 4, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Keith W Larson
- Center for Animal Movement Research (CAnMove), Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, 22362, Sweden
| | - Max Lundberg
- Center for Animal Movement Research (CAnMove), Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, 22362, Sweden
| | - Arzu Gursoy
- Center for Animal Movement Research (CAnMove), Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, 22362, Sweden ; Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
| | | | - Keith A Hobson
- Environment Canada, 11 Innovation Blvd., Saskatoon S7N 3H5, SK, Canada
| | - Staffan Bensch
- Center for Animal Movement Research (CAnMove), Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, 22362, Sweden
| | - Susanne Akesson
- Center for Animal Movement Research (CAnMove), Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, 22362, Sweden
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40
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Ruegg K, Anderson EC, Boone J, Pouls J, Smith TB. A role for migration-linked genes and genomic islands in divergence of a songbird. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:4757-69. [PMID: 24954641 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing has made it possible to begin asking questions about the process of divergence at the level of the genome. For example, recently, there has been a debate around the role of 'genomic islands of divergence' (i.e. blocks of outlier loci) in facilitating the process of speciation-with-gene-flow. The Swainson's thrush, Catharus ustulatus, is a migratory songbird with two genetically distinct subspecies that differ in a number of traits known to be involved in reproductive isolation in birds (plumage coloration, song and migratory behaviour), despite contemporary gene flow along a secondary contact zone. Here, we use RAD-PE sequencing to test emerging hypotheses about the process of divergence at the level of the genome and identify genes and gene regions involved in differentiation in this migratory songbird. Our analyses revealed distinct genomic islands on 15 of the 23 chromosomes and an accelerated rate of divergence on the Z chromosome, one of the avian sex chromosomes. Further, an analysis of loci linked to traits known to be involved in reproductive isolation in songbirds showed that genes linked to migration are significantly more differentiated than expected by chance, but that these genes lie primarily outside the genomic islands. Overall, our analysis supports the idea that genes linked to migration play an important role in divergence in migratory songbirds, but we find no compelling evidence that the observed genomic islands are facilitating adaptive divergence in migratory behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Ruegg
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, La Kretz Hall, Suite 300, 619 Charles E. Young Dr. East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
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Toews DPL, Brelsford A, Irwin DE. Isotopic variation across the Audubon's-myrtle warbler hybrid zone. J Evol Biol 2014; 27:1179-91. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. P. L. Toews
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - A. Brelsford
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; University of Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - D. E. Irwin
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
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Veen T. Unravelling migratory connections: the next level. Mol Ecol 2014; 22:4144-4146. [PMID: 23927409 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Migration is widespread among birds, and the strength of the link between the breeding and wintering grounds, migratory connectivity, influences many ecological and evolutionary processes. Despite its importance, migratory connectivity is poorly estimated for most species. Traditionally, visual observations and bird ringing have been used to monitor migration, but these methods require more effort for relatively little return. Genetic markers and stable isotope signatures have increasingly been used to study connectivity. Each approach has its distinct strengths and weaknesses, and as is often the case, a combination may yield the most insight. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Rundel and colleagues (2013) present a novel Bayesian statistical framework in which genetics and stable isotope data can be combined to improve the assignment of individuals to different winter or breeding regions. The development of such new statistical methods combined with the increasing number and ease of access of isotopic and genetic data sets will greatly enhance our understanding of migratory connectivity. Add to this the developments of miniature devices to track movements of individuals, and the field is destined to make major progression in the decades to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thor Veen
- Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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43
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Topp CM, Pruett CL, McCracken KG, Winker K. How migratory thrushes conquered northern North America: a comparative phylogeography approach. PeerJ 2013; 1:e206. [PMID: 24255819 PMCID: PMC3828608 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Five species of migratory thrushes (Turdidae) occupy a transcontinental distribution across northern North America. They have largely overlapping breeding ranges, relatively similar ecological niches, and mutualistic relationships with northern woodland communities as insectivores and seed-dispersing frugivores. As an assemblage of ecologically similar species, and given other vertebrate studies, we predicted a shared pattern of genetic divergence among these species between their eastern and western populations, and also that the timing of the coalescent events might be similar and coincident with historical glacial events. To determine how these five lineages effectively established transcontinental distributions, we used mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences to assess genetic structure and lineage coalescence from populations on each side of the continent. Two general patterns occur. Hermit and Swainson’s thrushes (Catharus guttatus and C. ustulatus) have relatively deep divergences between eastern and western phylogroups, probably reflecting shared historic vicariance. The Veery (C. fuscescens), Gray-cheeked Thrush (C. minimus), and American Robin (Turdus migratorius) have relatively shallow divergences between eastern and western populations. However, coalescent and approximate Bayesian computational analyses indicated that among all species as many as five transcontinental divergence events occurred. Divergence within both Hermit and Swainson’s thrushes resembled the divergence between Gray-cheeked Thrushes and Veeries and probably occurred during a similar time period. Despite these species’ ecological similarities, the assemblage exhibits heterogeneity at the species level in how they came to occupy transcontinental northern North America but two general continental patterns at an among-species organizational level, likely related to lineage age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie M Topp
- University of Alaska Museum and Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks , Fairbanks, AK , USA
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44
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Mettler R, Schaefer HM, Chernetsov N, Fiedler W, Hobson KA, Ilieva M, Imhof E, Johnsen A, Renner SC, Rolshausen G, Serrano D, Wesołowski T, Segelbacher G. Contrasting patterns of genetic differentiation among Blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla) with divergent migratory orientations in Europe. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81365. [PMID: 24278428 PMCID: PMC3836794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Migratory divides are thought to facilitate behavioral, ecological, and genetic divergence among populations with different migratory routes. However, it is currently contentious how much genetic divergence is needed to maintain distinct migratory behavior across migratory divides. Here we investigate patterns of neutral genetic differentiation among Blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla) populations with different migratory strategies across Europe. We compare the level of genetic divergence of populations migrating to southwestern (SW) or southeastern (SE) wintering areas with birds wintering in the British Isles following a recently established northwesterly (NW) migration route. The migratory divide between SW and SE wintering areas can be interpreted as a result of a re-colonization process after the last glaciation. Thus we predicted greater levels of genetic differentiation among the SW/SE populations. However, a lack of genetic differentiation was found between SW and SE populations, suggesting that interbreeding likely occurs among Blackcaps with different migratory orientations across a large area; therefore the SW/SE migratory divide can be seen as diffuse, broad band and is, at best, a weak isolating barrier. Conversely, weak, albeit significant genetic differentiation was evident between NW and SW migrants breeding sympatrically in southern Germany, suggesting a stronger isolating mechanism may be acting in this population. Populations located within/near the SW/SE contact zone were the least genetically divergent from NW migrants, confirming NW migrants likely originated from within the contact zone. Significant isolation-by-distance was found among eastern Blackcap populations (i.e. SE migrants), but not among western populations (i.e. NW and SW migrants), revealing different patterns of genetic divergence among Blackcap populations in Europe. We discuss possible explanations for the genetic structure of European Blackcaps and how gene flow influences the persistence of divergent migratory behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raeann Mettler
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Animal Ecology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - H. Martin Schaefer
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Animal Ecology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nikita Chernetsov
- Biological Station Rybachy, Zoological Institute, Rybachy, Kaliningrad Region, Russia
| | - Wolfgang Fiedler
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Vogelwarte, Radolfzell, Germany
- University of Konstanz, Department of Biology, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Keith A. Hobson
- Environment Canada, Science and Technology Branch, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Mihaela Ilieva
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Elisabeth Imhof
- Wildlife Ecology and Management, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Arild Johnsen
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Swen C. Renner
- Institute of Experimental Ecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, United States of America
| | - Gregor Rolshausen
- Redpath Museum & Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Serrano
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Gernot Segelbacher
- Wildlife Ecology and Management, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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45
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Delmore KE, Brenneman RA, Lei R, Bailey CA, Brelsford A, Louis EE, Johnson SE. Clinal variation in a brown lemur (Eulemur
spp.) hybrid zone: Combining morphological, genetic and climatic data to examine stability. J Evol Biol 2013; 26:1677-90. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. E. Delmore
- Department of Anthropology; University of Calgary; Calgary AB Canada
| | - R. A. Brenneman
- Center for Conservation and Research; Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo; Omaha NE USA
| | - R. Lei
- Center for Conservation and Research; Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo; Omaha NE USA
| | - C. A. Bailey
- Center for Conservation and Research; Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo; Omaha NE USA
| | - A. Brelsford
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; University of Lausanne; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - E. E. Louis
- Center for Conservation and Research; Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo; Omaha NE USA
| | - S. E. Johnson
- Department of Anthropology; University of Calgary; Calgary AB Canada
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46
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Taylor SA, Anderson DJ, Friesen VL. Evidence for asymmetrical divergence-gene flow of nuclear loci, but not mitochondrial loci, between seabird sister species: blue-footed (Sula nebouxii) and Peruvian (S. variegata) boobies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62256. [PMID: 23614045 PMCID: PMC3629132 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the process of speciation requires understanding how gene flow influences divergence. Recent analyses indicate that divergence can take place despite gene flow and that the sex chromosomes can exhibit different levels of gene flow than autosomes and mitochondrial DNA. Using an eight marker dataset including autosomal, z-linked, and mitochondrial loci we tested the hypothesis that blue-footed (Sula nebouxii) and Peruvian (S. variegata) boobies diverged from their common ancestor with gene flow, paying specific attention to the differences in gene flow estimates from nuclear and mitochondrial markers. We found no gene flow at mitochondrial markers, but found evidence from the combined autosomal and z-linked dataset that blue-footed and Peruvian boobies experienced asymmetrical gene flow during or after their initial divergence, predominantly from Peruvian boobies into blue-footed boobies. This gene exchange may have occurred either sporadically between periods of allopatry, or regularly throughout the divergence process. Our results add to growing evidence that diverging species can remain distinct but exchange genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Taylor
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
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47
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Smith KL, Hale JM, Kearney MR, Austin JJ, Melville J. Molecular patterns of introgression in a classic hybrid zone between the Australian tree frogs,Litoria ewingiiandL. paraewingi: evidence of a tension zone. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:1869-83. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katie L. Smith
- Department of Science; Museum Victoria; Melbourne Vic. 3001 Australia
- Department of Zoology; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne, Vic. 3010 Australia
- Department of Botany; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne, Vic. 3010 Australia
| | - Joshua M. Hale
- Department of Science; Museum Victoria; Melbourne Vic. 3001 Australia
- Department of Zoology; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne, Vic. 3010 Australia
- Department of Botany; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne, Vic. 3010 Australia
| | - Michael R. Kearney
- Department of Zoology; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne, Vic. 3010 Australia
| | - Jeremy J. Austin
- Department of Science; Museum Victoria; Melbourne Vic. 3001 Australia
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Adelaide; North Terrace Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Jane Melville
- Department of Science; Museum Victoria; Melbourne Vic. 3001 Australia
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48
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Hancock PA, Godfray HCJ. Modelling the spread of Wolbachia in spatially heterogeneous environments. J R Soc Interface 2012; 9:3045-54. [PMID: 22675165 PMCID: PMC3479901 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The endosymbiont Wolbachia infects a large number of insect species and is capable of rapid spread when introduced into a novel host population. The bacteria spread by manipulating their hosts' reproduction, and their dynamics are influenced by the demographic structure of the host population and patterns of contact between individuals. Reaction-diffusion models of the spatial spread of Wolbachia provide a simple analytical description of their spatial dynamics but do not account for significant details of host population dynamics. We develop a metapopulation model describing the spatial dynamics of Wolbachia in an age-structured host insect population regulated by juvenile density-dependent competition. The model produces similar dynamics to the reaction-diffusion model in the limiting case where the host's habitat quality is spatially homogeneous and Wolbachia has a small effect on host fitness. When habitat quality varies spatially, Wolbachia spread is usually much slower, and the conditions necessary for local invasion are strongly affected by immigration of insects from surrounding regions. Spread is most difficult when variation in habitat quality is spatially correlated. The results show that spatial variation in the density-dependent competition experienced by juvenile host insects can strongly affect the spread of Wolbachia infections, which is important to the use of Wolbachia to control insect vectors of human disease and other pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope A Hancock
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, , South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK.
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49
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Dodge M, Guers SL, Sekercioğlu ÇH, Sehgal RNM. North American transmission of hemosporidian parasites in the Swainson's thrush (Catharus ustulatus), a migratory songbird. J Parasitol 2012; 99:548-53. [PMID: 23030456 DOI: 10.1645/ge-3134.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The geographic structuring of parasite communities across the range of a single host species can illuminate patterns of host-population connectivity. To determine the location of parasite transmission in a Neotropical migrant bird species, we sampled adult and hatch-year (HY) birds across the breeding and wintering range of the Swainson's thrush (SWTH), an abundant passerine with a migratory divide. We examined the phylogenetic relationships among cytochrome b lineages of the avian blood parasite genera Haemoproteus, Plasmodium, and Leucocytozoon and determined the transmission location of unique lineages. We found that Haemoproteus and Plasmodium lineages are transmitted on California breeding grounds, whereas Leucocytozoon transmission occurs on Alaskan breeding grounds. The presence of hemosporidians on wintering grounds and shared lineages between the SWTH and resident species suggests that transmission of some of these lineages occurs on both breeding and wintering grounds. We emphasize that the sampling of HY birds and local resident heterospecifics will supplement vector studies to determine the key players in hemosporidian host switching and range-expansion events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Dodge
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, California 94132, USA
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50
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Delmore KE, Fox JW, Irwin DE. Dramatic intraspecific differences in migratory routes, stopover sites and wintering areas, revealed using light-level geolocators. Proc Biol Sci 2012; 279:4582-9. [PMID: 23015629 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2012.1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Migratory divides are contact zones between breeding populations that use divergent migratory routes and have been described in a variety of species. These divides are of major importance to evolution, ecology and conservation but have been identified using limited band recovery data and/or indirect methods. Data from band recoveries and mitochondrial haplotypes suggested that inland and coastal Swainson's thrushes (Catharus ustulatus) form a migratory divide in western North America. We attached light-level geolocators to birds at the edges of this contact zone to provide, to our knowledge, the first direct test of a putative divide using data from individual birds over the entire annual cycle. Coastal thrushes migrated along the west coast to Mexico, Guatemala and Honduras. Some of these birds used multiple wintering sites. Inland thrushes migrated across the Rocky Mountains, through central North America to Columbia and Venezuela. These birds migrated longer distances than coastal birds and performed a loop migration, navigating over the Gulf of Mexico in autumn and around this barrier in spring. These findings support the suggestion that divergent migratory behaviour could contribute to reproductive isolation between migrants, advance our understanding of their non-breeding ecology, and are integral to development of detailed conservation strategies for this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira E Delmore
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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