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Sheng Y, Chen J, Jiang H, Lu Y, Dong Z, Pang L, Zhang J, Wang Y, Chen X, Huang J. The vitellogenin receptor gene contributes to mating and host-searching behaviors in parasitoid wasps. iScience 2023; 26:106298. [PMID: 36950109 PMCID: PMC10025991 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitellogenin receptor (VgR) is essential to vitellogenin uptaking and dominates ovary maturation in insects. However, the function of VgR in parasitoid wasps is largely unknown. Here, we applied the Drosophila parasitoid Leptopilina boulardi as a study model to investigate the function of VgR in parasitoids. Despite the conserved sequence characteristics with other insect VgRs, we found L. boulardi VgR (LbVgR) gene was highly expressed in head but lower in ovary. In addition, we found that LbVgR had no effects on ovary development, but participated in host-searching behavior of female L. boulardi and mating behavior of male L. boulardi. Comparative transcriptome analysis further revealed LbVgR might play crucial roles in regulating the expression of some important chemoreception genes to adjust the parasitoid behaviors. These results will broaden our knowledge of the function of VgR in insects, and contribute to develop advanced pest management strategies using parasitoids as biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Sheng
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiani Chen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hanyu Jiang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yueqi Lu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhi Dong
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lan Pang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Junwei Zhang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuexin Chen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Corresponding author
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Search performance and octopamine neuronal signaling mediate parasitoid induced changes in Drosophila oviposition behavior. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4476. [PMID: 35918358 PMCID: PMC9345866 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32203-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Making the appropriate responses to predation risk is essential for the survival of an organism; however, the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. Here, we find that Drosophila has evolved an adaptive strategy to manage the threat from its parasitoid wasp by manipulating the oviposition behavior. Through perception of the differences in host search performance of wasps, Drosophila is able to recognize younger wasps as a higher level of threat and consequently depress the oviposition. We further show that this antiparasitoid behavior is mediated by the regulation of the expression of Tdc2 and Tβh in the ventral nerve cord via LC4 visual projection neurons, which in turn leads to the dramatic reduction in octopamine and the resulting dysfunction of mature follicle trimming and rupture. Our study uncovers a detailed mechanism underlying the defensive behavior in insects that may advance our understanding of predator avoidance in animals.
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Chen J, Fang G, Pang L, Sheng Y, Zhang Q, Zhou Y, Zhou S, Lu Y, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Li G, Shi M, Chen X, Zhan S, Huang J. Neofunctionalization of an ancient domain allows parasites to avoid intraspecific competition by manipulating host behaviour. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5489. [PMID: 34531391 PMCID: PMC8446075 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25727-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraspecific competition is a major force in mediating population dynamics, fuelling adaptation, and potentially leading to evolutionary diversification. Among the evolutionary arms races between parasites, one of the most fundamental and intriguing behavioural adaptations and counter-adaptations are superparasitism and superparasitism avoidance. However, the underlying mechanisms and ecological contexts of these phenomena remain underexplored. Here, we apply the Drosophila parasite Leptopilina boulardi as a study system and find that this solitary endoparasitic wasp provokes a host escape response for superparasitism avoidance. We combine multi-omics and in vivo functional studies to characterize a small set of RhoGAP domain-containing genes that mediate the parasite's manipulation of host escape behaviour by inducing reactive oxygen species in the host central nervous system. We further uncover an evolutionary scenario in which neofunctionalization and specialization gave rise to the novel role of RhoGAP domain in avoiding superparasitism, with an ancestral origin prior to the divergence between Leptopilina specialist and generalist species. Our study suggests that superparasitism avoidance is adaptive for a parasite and adds to our understanding of how the molecular manipulation of host behaviour has evolved in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Chen
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gangqi Fang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Pang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Sheng
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qichao Zhang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuenan Zhou
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sicong Zhou
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yueqi Lu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixiang Zhang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guiyun Li
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Shi
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuexin Chen
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XState Key Lab of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Zhan
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Cornet S, Nicot A, Rivero A, Gandon S. Avian malaria alters the dynamics of blood feeding in Culex pipiens mosquitoes. Malar J 2019; 18:82. [PMID: 30876412 PMCID: PMC6420798 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2690-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some Plasmodium species have the ability to modify the behaviour of their mosquito vectors. This is thought to be an adaptive strategy that maximizes the parasite's transmission. METHODS The effect of Plasmodium relictum infections on the blood feeding behaviour of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus mosquitoes was monitored. RESULTS Plasmodium infections did not alter the proportion of blood fed mosquitoes but they did affect the dynamics and the size of the blood meal. Sporozoite-infected mosquitoes completed their blood meal 1.3 times later than uninfected mosquitoes and ended up with smaller blood meals. CONCLUSION The potential adaptive nature of this manipulation of mosquito behaviour is discussed in the light of previous studies on other malaria models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Cornet
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), UMR CNRS 5175, Montpellier, France
- MIVEGEC (CNRS, Université de Montpellier- IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Antoine Nicot
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), UMR CNRS 5175, Montpellier, France
- MIVEGEC (CNRS, Université de Montpellier- IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Ana Rivero
- MIVEGEC (CNRS, Université de Montpellier- IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Gandon
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), UMR CNRS 5175, Montpellier, France.
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5
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Zheng XL, Huang ZY, Li J, Yang ZD, Yang XH, Lu W. Reproductive Biology of Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 47:19-25. [PMID: 28293863 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-017-0502-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is an invasive pest in Eucalyptus plantations around the world. The successful colonization of L. invasa is possibly related to its reproductive biology. The objective of this study was to examine the reproductive biology of L. invasa. In Guangxi Province, the sex ratio (proportion of female, 0.99) of L. invasa was female-dominant throughout the year based on natural and artificial infestation. This result was similar to the ratios observed for other geographic populations in China, including those in Fujian (0.99), Guangdong (0.98), Hainan (0.95), Jiangxi (0.96), and Sichuan (0.99). The offspring sex ratio favored females. A large number of females emerged from the galls produced by females, with few males found. Galls on the petioles and midribs of Eucalyptus plants could be caused by newly emerged females with mature eggs. The lengths of the ovariole, spermatheca, common oviduct, and reproductive glands did not differ among L. invasa females, but their lateral oviducts showed differences from 0 to 42 h after emergence, indicating that this insect is proovigenic. These results could explain why L. invasa populations can rapidly increase in invaded areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-L Zheng
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Univ, Nanning, China
| | - Z-Y Huang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Univ, Nanning, China
| | - J Li
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Univ, Nanning, China
| | - Z-D Yang
- College of Forestry, Guangxi Univ, Nanning, China
| | - X-H Yang
- Dept of Guangxi Forestry Pest Management, Nanning, China
| | - W Lu
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Univ, Nanning, China.
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6
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Segoli M, Sun S, Nava DE, Rosenheim JA. Factors shaping life history traits of two proovigenic parasitoids. Integr Zool 2017; 13:297-306. [PMID: 29168623 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
What shapes the relative investment in reproduction versus survival of organisms is among the key questions in life history. Proovigenic insects mature all their eggs prior to emergence and are short lived, providing a unique opportunity to quantify their lifetime investments in the different functions. We investigated the initial eggloads and longevity of 2 proovigenic parasitoid wasps: Anagrus erythroneurae and Anagrus daanei, (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) that develop within leafhopper eggs in both agricultural vineyards and natural riparian habitats in Northern California. We collected Vitis spp. leaves containing developing parasitoids from 3 natural sites (Knight Landing, American River and Putah Creek) and 3 agricultural vineyards (Solano Farm, Davis Campus and Village Homes). We recorded eggloads at parasitoid emergence and female parasitoid longevity with or without honey-feeding. Theory predicts that parasitoids from vineyards (where hosts are abundant) would have higher initial eggloads and lower longevity compared with parasitoids from riparian habitats (where hosts are scarce). Although host density and parasitoid eggloads were, indeed, higher in vineyards than in riparian habitats, parasitoid longevity did not follow the predicted pattern. Longevity without feeding differed among field sites, but it was not affected by habitat type (natural vs agricultural), whereas longevity with feeding was not significantly affected by any of the examined factors. Moreover, longevity was positively, rather than negatively, correlated with eggloads at the individual level, even after correcting for parasitoid body size. The combined results suggest a more complex allocation mechanism than initially predicted, and the possibility of variation in host quality that is independent of size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Segoli
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Shucun Sun
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dori E Nava
- Embrapa Clima Temperado (Embrapa Temperate Agriculture), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jay A Rosenheim
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
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Relationship between oviposition, virulence gene expression and parasitism success in Cotesia typhae nov. sp. parasitoid strains. Genetica 2017; 145:469-479. [DOI: 10.1007/s10709-017-9987-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Phillips CB, Kean JM. Response of parasitoid egg load to host dynamics and implications for egg load evolution. J Evol Biol 2017; 30:1313-1324. [PMID: 28425140 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A theoretical debate about whether parasitoids should be time or egg limited now recognizes both as feasible, and interest has turned to determining the circumstances under which each might arise in the field, and their implications for parasitoid behaviour and evolution. Egg loads of parasitoids sampled from the field are predicted to show a negative response to host availability, but empirical support for this relationship is scarce. We measured how a parasitoid's egg load responded to seasonal fluctuations in host population density and recorded the predicted correlation. In early summer, parasitoids were at high risk of time limitation due to low host availability, and in late summer, their offspring were at greater risk of egg limitation due to high host availability. Despite clear seasonal changes in selection pressures on egg load and lifespan, the parasitoid showed no evidence of seasonal variation in its reproductive strategy. We made minor modifications to a previously published model to explore the effects of seasonal variation in host availability on optimal investments in eggs and lifespan and obtained several new results. In particular, under circumstances analogous to some of those observed in our field study, temporal stochasticity in reproductive opportunities can cause investments in eggs to increase, rather than decrease as previously predicted. Our model results helped to explain the parasitoid's lack of a seasonally varying reproductive strategy. Understanding the evolution of parasitoid egg load would benefit from a shift of research emphasis from purely stochastic variation in parasitoid reproductive opportunities to greater consideration of host dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J M Kean
- AgResearch, Christchurch, New Zealand
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9
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Abstract
Many social behaviors are triggered by social partners. For example, cells in a multicellular organism often become soma via extrinsically regulated differentiation, while individuals in a eusocial colony often become helpers via extrinsic caste determination. One explanation for social triggering is that it informs when it is beneficial to express the behavior. Alternatively, social triggering can represent manipulation where social partners partially or completely control the focal individual's behavior. For instance, caste determination in primitively eusocial taxa is typically accomplished via differential feeding or dominance hierarchies, suggesting some manipulation. However, selection would favor resistance if manipulation is detrimental to manipulated parties, and the outcome of the manipulation conflict remains intricate. We analyze the coevolution of manipulation and resistance in a simple but general setting. We show that, despite possible resistance, manipulated behavior can be established under less stringent conditions than spontaneous (i.e., nonmanipulated) behavior because of resistance costs. The existence of this advantage might explain why primitive eusocial behavior tends to be triggered socially and coercively. We provide a simple condition for the advantage of manipulated behavior that may help infer whether a socially triggered behavior is manipulated. We illustrate our analysis with a hypothetical example of maternal manipulation relevant to primitive eusociality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio González-Forero
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
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Denis D, Pierre JS, van Baaren J, van Alphen JJ. Physiological adaptations to climate change in pro-ovigenic parasitoids. J Theor Biol 2012; 309:67-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rosenheim JA. Stochasticity in reproductive opportunity and the evolution of egg limitation in insects. Evolution 2011; 65:2300-12. [PMID: 21790576 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01305.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Is reproduction by adult female insects limited by the finite time available to locate hosts (time limitation) or by the finite supply of eggs (egg limitation)? An influential model predicted that stochasticity in reproductive opportunity favors elevated fecundity, rendering egg limitation sufficiently rare that its importance would be greatly diminished. Here, I use models to explore how stochasticity shapes fecundity, the likelihood of egg limitation, and the ecological importance of egg limitation. The models make three predictions. First, whereas spatially stochastic environments favor increased fecundity, temporally stochastic environments favor increases, decreases, or intermediate maxima in fecundity, depending on egg costs. Second, even when spatially or temporally stochastic environments favor life histories with less-frequent egg limitation, stochasticity still increases the proportion of all eggs laid in the population that is laid by females destined to become egg limited. This counterintuitive result is explained by noting that stochasticity concentrates reproduction in the hands of a few females that are likely to become egg limited. Third, spatially or temporally stochastic environments amplify the constraints imposed by time and eggs on total reproduction by the population. I conclude that both egg and time constraints are fundamental in shaping insect reproductive behavior and population dynamics in stochastic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay A Rosenheim
- Department of Entomology and Center for Population Biology University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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Denis D, Pierre JS, van Baaren J, van Alphen JJ. How temperature and habitat quality affect parasitoid lifetime reproductive success—A simulation study. Ecol Modell 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Rosenheim JA, Alon U, Shinar G. Evolutionary balancing of fitness-limiting factors. Am Nat 2010; 175:662-74. [PMID: 20397907 DOI: 10.1086/652468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Debates concerning the roles of different factors that may limit an organism's reproductive success pervade evolutionary ecology. We suggest that a broad class of limiting-factors problems involving essential resources or essential components of reproductive effort can be analyzed with an evolutionary application of Liebig's law of the minimum. We explore life-history evolution using the metaphor of an organism that must harvest two essential resources (resources 1 and 2) from a stochastically varying environment. Our models make three predictions. First, organisms should overinvest, relative to the deterministic case, in harvesting the resource whose per-offspring harvest cost is smaller. Second, at the optimum, organisms balance multiple fitness-limiting factors rather than being consistently limited by one factor. Third, the optimal investment in harvesting a resource is directly linked to the probability that the organism's fitness will be limited by that resource. Under temporal variation, the optimal proportional investment in harvesting resource 1 is equal to the probability that resource 1 will limit fitness. Our results help to explain why the responses of populations to environmental perturbations are hard to predict: as an organism transitions between different limiting factors, its responses to perturbations of those factors will likewise change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay A Rosenheim
- Department of Entomology and Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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