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Tagliaferri AR, Melki G, Baddoura W. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Causing Gastric Ulcer Perforation: A Case Presentation and Literature Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e36026. [PMID: 37051008 PMCID: PMC10085627 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a malignancy characterized by the progressive accumulation of lymphocytes in the bone marrow and lymphoid organs. Gastrointestinal manifestations are rare in all types of leukemia. Generally, this occurs during relapsing disease or in acute leukemias; however, recent advancements in treatment have reduced these complications. Most commonly, lesions in the stomach are hemorrhagic, and lesions in the lower gastrointestinal tract present as peritonitis or colitis. Our patient was unique because she had a perforated, rather than bleeding, peptic ulcer caused by infiltrative chronic lymphocytic leukemia after starting ibrutinib. Although this medication can impair wound healing and/or cause bleeding, there are no reports of perforation of existing ulcers. Additionally, chronic lymphocytic leukemia causing perforated peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is rare, and this is, to our knowledge, the first case of this phenomenon.
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Keikha M, Sahebkar A, Yamaoka Y, Karbalaei M. Helicobacter pylori cagA status and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION AND NUTRITION 2022; 41:2. [PMID: 34980267 PMCID: PMC8722127 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-021-00280-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have investigated the role of Helicobacter pylori infection in the development of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. It is estimated that approximately 0.1% of people infected with H. pylori develop gastric MALT lymphoma. However, the role of the CagA antigen, the highest causative agent of H. pylori, in increasing the risk of gastric MALT lymphoma remains unclear and controversial. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the effect of cagA status on the development of gastric MALT lymphoma. Methods All articles evaluating the status of the cagA gene in the development of gastric MALT lymphoma were collected using systematic searches in online databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar, regardless of publication date. The association between cagA and gastric MALT lymphoma was assessed using the odds ratio (OR) summary. In addition, a random-effects model was used in cases with significant heterogeneity. Results A total of 10 studies met our inclusion criteria, among which 1860 patients participated. No association between cagA status and the development of MALT lymphoma (extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma) was found in this study (OR 1.30; 0.906–1.866 with 95% CIs; I2: 45.83; Q-value: 12.92). Surprisingly, a meaningful association was observed between cagA status and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (OR 6.43; 2.45–16.84 with 95% CIs). We also observed an inverse association between vacA and gastric MALT lymphoma risk (OR 0.92; 0.57–1.50 with 95% CIs). Conclusions It seems that the infection with cagA-positive H. pylori strains does not have a meaningful effect on the gastric MALT lymphoma formation, while translocated CagA antigen into the B cells plays a crucial role in the development of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Keikha
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan.,Global Oita Medical Advanced Research Center for Health, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Mohsen Karbalaei
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran.
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3
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Fischbach W. [Gastric MALT lymphoma - from pathogenetic insights to consequent deescalation of therapy]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2021; 60:602-612. [PMID: 34820809 DOI: 10.1055/a-1676-5104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Gastric MALT- (mucosa-associated-lymphoid-tissue) lymphoma represents the most frequent gastrointestinal lymphoma. For decades, surgery and later on radiation and chemotherapy were regarded as established therapy. Some 30 years ago, the pathogenetic role of Helicobacter pylori infection for the development of gastric MALT-lymphoma became evident. During the following years, the pathogenetic insights were consequently implemented into clinical medicine. This lead to a radical change of the therapeutic approach to these lymphoma. Nowadays, Helicobacter pylori eradication is the internationally established therapy of first choice. It is followed by lymphoma regression in most cases. The long-term prognosis of patients after exclusive eradication therapy is excellent, even if endoscopic and/or histological residuals persist and a watch-and-wait strategy is favored.The pathogenetic insights und their clinical application implicated a consequent deescalation of therapy of gastric MALT-lymphoma. This review summarizes the single steps of this development and gives a recommendation for the actual management of patients with gastric MALT lymphoma.
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Biernat MM, Wróbel T. Bacterial Infection and Non-Hodgkin B-Cell Lymphoma: Interactions between Pathogen, Host and the Tumor Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147372. [PMID: 34298992 PMCID: PMC8305669 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphomas (NHL) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoid neoplasms with complex etiopathology, rich symptomatology, and a variety of clinical courses, therefore requiring different therapeutic approaches. The hypothesis that an infectious agent may initiate chronic inflammation and facilitate B lymphocyte transformation and lymphogenesis has been raised in recent years. Viruses, like EBV, HTLV-1, HIV, HCV and parasites, like Plasmodium falciparum, have been linked to the development of lymphomas. The association of chronic Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, Borrelia burgdorferi with cutaneous MALT lymphoma and Chlamydophila psittaci with ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma is well documented. Recent studies have indicated that other infectious agents may also be relevant in B-cell lymphogenesis such as Coxiella burnettii, Campylobacter jejuni, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, and Escherichia coli. The aim of the present review is to provide a summary of the current literature on infectious bacterial agents associated with B-cell NHL and to discuss its role in lymphogenesis, taking into account the interaction between infectious agents, host factors, and the tumor environment.
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MESH Headings
- Bacterial Infections/complications
- Bacterial Infections/immunology
- Burkitt Lymphoma/complications
- Burkitt Lymphoma/microbiology
- Burkitt Lymphoma/pathology
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Carcinogenesis/immunology
- Carcinogenesis/metabolism
- Helicobacter Infections/complications
- Helicobacter Infections/microbiology
- Helicobacter pylori/pathogenicity
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology
- Humans
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/complications
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/microbiology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/complications
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/microbiology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
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5
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Chichirau BE, Scheidt T, Diechler S, Neuper T, Horejs-Hoeck J, Huber CG, Posselt G, Wessler S. Dissecting the Helicobacter pylori-regulated transcriptome of B cells. Pathog Dis 2020; 78:5899724. [DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftaa049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Persistent infections with the bacterial group-I carcinogen Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) have been associated with a broad range of gastric disorders, including gastritis, ulceration, gastric cancer or mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Pathogenesis of H. pylori requires a balance between immune tolerance and defense. Although H. pylori induces inflammatory responses, the immune system cannot eliminate the pathogen. The detailed molecular mechanisms of how H. pylori interferes with cells of the immune system, in particular infiltrated B cells, are not well investigated. Previously, it was shown that the bacterial effector and oncoprotein cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) is delivered into B cells followed by its tyrosine-phosphorylation. To investigate the functional consequences in B cells colonized by CagA-positive H. pylori, we analyzed the global transcriptome of H. pylori-infected Mec-1 cells by RNA sequencing. We found 889 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and validated JUN, FOSL2, HSPA1B, SRC, CXCR3, TLR-4, TNF-α, CXCL8, CCL2, CCL4, MHC class I and MHC class II molecules by qPCR, western blot, flow cytometry and ELISA assays. The H. pylori-specific mRNA expression signature reveals a downregulation of inflammation- and migration-associated genes, whereas central signal transduction regulators of cell survival and death are upregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca E Chichirau
- Department of Biosciences, Division of Microbiology, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tamara Scheidt
- Department of Biosciences, Bioanalytical Research Labs, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sebastian Diechler
- Department of Biosciences, Division of Microbiology, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Theresa Neuper
- Department of Biosciences, Division of Molecular Immunology, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jutta Horejs-Hoeck
- Department of Biosciences, Division of Molecular Immunology, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christian G Huber
- Department of Biosciences, Bioanalytical Research Labs, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gernot Posselt
- Department of Biosciences, Division of Microbiology, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Silja Wessler
- Department of Biosciences, Division of Microbiology, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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6
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Helicobacter pylori Oncogenicity: Mechanism, Prevention, and Risk Factors. ScientificWorldJournal 2020; 2020:3018326. [PMID: 32765194 PMCID: PMC7374235 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3018326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the most common cause of gastric ulcer; however, its association with gastric cancer has been proved through a variety of studies. Importantly, H. pylori infection affects around half of the world's population leading to a variety of gastric problems and is mostly present in asymptomatic form. Although about 20% of people infected with H. pylori develop preneoplastic gastric lesions in later stages of their life, around 2% of infected individuals develop gastric cancer. Nevertheless, the outcome of H. pylori infection is determined by complex interaction between the host genetics, its environment, and virulence factors of infecting strain. There are several biomarkers/traits of H. pylori that have been linked with the onset of cancer. Among these, presence of certain major virulence factors including cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA), and outer inflammatory protein A (OipA) plays a significant role in triggering gastric cancer. These factors of H. pylori make it a potent carcinogen. Therefore, eradication of H. pylori infection has shown positive effects on decreasing the risk of gastric cancer, but this has become a challenge due to the development of antibiotic resistance in H. pylori against the antibiotics of choice. Thus, the unmet need is to develop new and effective treatments for H. pylori infection, considering the antimicrobial resistance in different regions of the world. This review discusses the properties of H. pylori associated with increased risk of gastric cancer, antibiotic resistance pattern, and the possible role of eradication of H. pylori in preventing gastric cancer.
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Osadchuk AM, Davydkin IL, Gricenko TA, Osadchuk MA. [General and particular issues of etiopathogenesis of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer: current status of the problem]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2020; 92:97-103. [PMID: 32598726 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2020.02.000485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of peptic ulcer (PU) and gastric cancer (GC) is the result of the interaction of various internal and external factors. Moreover, if the role ofHelicobacter pylori(H. pylori) in the development of diseases of the stomach is fully established, the significance of many other factors continues to be discussed. Serious controversy is caused by the participation of various strains ofH. pyloriin the development of PU and GC. First of all, these are Vac- and Cag-positive strains ofH. pylori. The role of genetic human polymorphism in the development of this pathology is debatable. Especially the interleukin genes and necrotizing tumor factor alpha. The role of environmental factors in the formation of PU and GC is not fully understood. So, the role of alcohol, occupational hazards and drugs in the development of these diseases continues to be discussed. Further study of risk factors for various diseases of the stomach will optimize their prevention and treatment. The review presents a modern view of individual issues in the pathogenesis of PU and GC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M A Osadchuk
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
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8
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Ishikura N, Usui Y, Ito H, Kasugai Y, Oze I, Kato S, Yatabe Y, Nakamura S, Matsuo K. Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection alone, but not HP-induced atrophic gastritis, increases the risk of gastric lymphoma: a case-control study in Japan. Ann Hematol 2019; 98:1981-1987. [PMID: 31177299 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-019-03721-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is associated with an increased risk of gastric malignant lymphoma. The chronic inflammation of gastric mucosa by H. pylori infection induces lymphomagenesis. Although this chronic mucosal inflammation also results in atrophic gastritis, evidence supporting the possible significance of atrophic gastritis in gastric lymphomagenesis is scarce. Here, to evaluate the association between gastric mucosal atrophy and the risk of gastric lymphoma, we conducted a matched case-control study at Aichi Cancer Center focusing on the attribution of H. pylori infection status and pepsinogen (PG) serum levels. In total, 86 patients with gastric lymphoma (including 49 cases of extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) and 24 cases of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL)) and 1720 non-cancer controls were included. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were assessed by conditional logistic regression analysis with adjustment for potential confounders. Results failed to show a statistically significant association between atrophic gastritis and the risk of gastric lymphoma. The adjusted ORs of positive atrophic gastritis relative to negative for overall gastric lymphoma, MALT lymphoma, DLBCL, and other lymphomas were 0.77 (95% CI 0.45-1.33), 0.65 (0.30-1.39), 1.03 (0.38-2.79), and 0.84 (0.22-3.29), respectively. In contrast, a positive association between overall gastric lymphoma and H. pylori infection was observed (OR = 2.14, 95% CI 1.30-3.54). A consistent association was observed for MALT lymphoma, DLBCL, and other lymphomas with ORs of 1.96 (1.00-3.86), 1.92 (0.74-4.95), and 5.80 (1.12-30.12), respectively. These findings suggest that H. pylori infection triggers gastric lymphoma but that epithelial changes due to atrophic gastritis do not inherently affect the development of gastric lymphoma.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Carcinogenesis/pathology
- Case-Control Studies
- Female
- Gastric Mucosa/microbiology
- Gastric Mucosa/pathology
- Gastritis, Atrophic/complications
- Gastritis, Atrophic/diagnosis
- Gastritis, Atrophic/microbiology
- Gastritis, Atrophic/pathology
- Helicobacter Infections/complications
- Helicobacter Infections/diagnosis
- Helicobacter Infections/microbiology
- Helicobacter Infections/pathology
- Helicobacter pylori/pathogenicity
- Helicobacter pylori/physiology
- Humans
- Japan
- Logistic Models
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/etiology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/microbiology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/etiology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/microbiology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/etiology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/microbiology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Odds Ratio
- Pepsinogen A/blood
- Risk Factors
- Stomach Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Stomach Neoplasms/etiology
- Stomach Neoplasms/microbiology
- Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyo Ishikura
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Usui
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kasugai
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Seiichi Kato
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yatabe
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shigeo Nakamura
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan.
- Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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Chang WL, Yeh YC, Sheu BS. The impacts of H. pylori virulence factors on the development of gastroduodenal diseases. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:68. [PMID: 30205817 PMCID: PMC6131906 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0466-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although most H. pylori infectors are asymptomatic, some may develop serious disease, such as gastric adenocarcinoma, gastric high-grade B cell lymphoma and peptic ulcer disease. Epidemiological and basic studies have provided evidence that infection with H. pylori carrying specific virulence factors can lead to more severe outcome. The virulence factors that are associated with gastric adenocarcinoma development include the presence, expression intensity and types of cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA, especially EPIYA-D type and multiple copies of EPIYA-C) and type IV secretion system (CagL polymorphism) responsible for its translocation into the host cells, the genotypes of vacuolating cytotoxin A (vacA, s1/i1/m1 type), and expression intensity of blood group antigen binding adhesin (BabA, low-producer or chimeric with BabB). The presence of CagA is also related to gastric high-grade B cell lymphoma occurrence. Peptic ulcer disease is closely associated with cagA-genopositive, vacA s1/m1 genotype, babA2-genopositive (encodes BabA protein), presence of duodenal ulcer promoting gene cluster (dupA cluster) and induced by contact with epithelium gene A1 (iceA1), and expression status of outer inflammatory protein (OipA). The prevalence of these virulence factors is diverse among H. pylori isolated from different geographic areas and ethnic groups, which may explain the differences in disease incidences. For example, in East Asia where gastric cancer incidence is highest worldwide, almost all H. pylori isolates were cagA genopositive, vacA s1/i1/m1 and BabA-expressing. Therefore, selection of appropriate virulence markers and testing methods are important when using them to determine risk of diseases. This review summarizes the evidences of H. pylori virulence factors in relation with gastroduodenal diseases and discusses the geographic differences and appropriate methods of analyzing these virulence markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lun Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Yeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Shyang Sheu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Malipatel R, Patil M, Pritilata Rout P, Correa M, Devarbhavi H. Primary Gastric Lymphoma: Clinicopathological Profile. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol 2018; 8:6-10. [PMID: 29963454 PMCID: PMC6024034 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is the most common site of involvement of extranodal non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). There is regional variation in anatomical distribution of extranodal NHL, stomach being the most common site followed by small intestine. Primary gastric lymphoma (PGL) predominantly involves the antrum and corpus of the stomach. It arises from mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) and is of B-cell lineage and often associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. Primary gastric lymphoma often presents with nonspecific symptoms. The present study was undertaken to ascertain the clinicopathological characteristics of PGL at a tertiary care center in South India. Materials and methods It is a retrospective study from 2006 to 2016. Patient’s data were obtained from institutional medical records. The histopathology slides were reviewed. The relevant immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers done were leukocyte common antigen (LCA), CD3, CD20, CD79a, CD10, Bcl-2, Bcl-6, CD5, Cyclin D1, CD138, and Ki-67. Correlating with the immunoprofile, further subtyping was done. Results A total of 405 patients of NHL were seen during the study period, out of which 43 patients were PGL. There were 32 males and 11 females, with M:F of 2.9:1. The mean age at diagnosis was 58 years. Abdominal pain and new-onset dyspepsia were the commonly observed presenting symptoms. The common site of involvement was antrum (20). Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was the most common histological subtype. Helicobacter pylori infection was seen in 18 (41%) patients. Majority of the patients were in stages II and III. Conclusion In our study, the initial presentation of PGL was with nonspecific symptoms like abdominal pain and new-onset dyspepsia. High degree of suspicion of such symptoms and biopsy of all suspicious lesions is essential for early detection. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was the most common histological subtype seen in our study. How to cite this article: Malipatel R, Patil M, Rout P, Correa M, Devarbhavi H. Primary Gastric Lymphoma: Clinicopathological Profile. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2018;8(1):6-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuka Malipatel
- Department of Pathology, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Mallikarjun Patil
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Patil Pritilata Rout
- Department of Pathology, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Marjorie Correa
- Department of Pathology, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Harshad Devarbhavi
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Shield KD, Marant Micallef C, de Martel C, Heard I, Megraud F, Plummer M, Vignat J, Bray F, Soerjomataram I. New cancer cases in France in 2015 attributable to infectious agents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Epidemiol 2018; 33:263-274. [PMID: 29214413 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-017-0334-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To provide an assessment of the burden of cancer in France in 2015 attributable to infectious agents. A systematic literature review in French representative cancer cases series was undertaken of the prevalence of infectious agents with the major associated cancer types. PubMed was searched for original studies published up to September 2016; random-effects meta-analyses were performed. Cancer incidence data were obtained from the French Cancer Registries Network, thereby allowing the calculation of national incidence estimates. The number of new cancer cases attributable to infectious agents was calculated using population-attributable fractions according to published methods. Of the 352,000 new cancer cases in France in 2015, 14,336 (4.1% of all new cancer cases) were attributable to infectious agents. The largest contributors were human papillomavirus (HPV) and Helicobacter pylori, responsible for 6333 and 4406 new cancer cases (1.8 and 1.3% of all new cancer cases) respectively. Infectious agents caused a non-negligible number of new cancer cases in France in 2015. Most of these cancers were preventable. The expansion of vaccination (i.e., for hepatitis B virus and HPV) and screen-and-treat programs (for HPV and hepatitis C virus, and possibly for H. pylori) could greatly reduce this cancer burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin David Shield
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon Cedex 08, France.
| | - Claire Marant Micallef
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Catherine de Martel
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Heard
- Prevention and Implementation Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Hospital Tenon, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Francis Megraud
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Hôpital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Martyn Plummer
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Jérôme Vignat
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Freddie Bray
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Isabelle Soerjomataram
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon Cedex 08, France
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Gastric lymphoma: association with Helicobacter pylori outer membrane protein Q (HopQ) and cytotoxic-pathogenicity activity island (CPAI) genes. Epidemiol Infect 2017; 145:3468-3476. [PMID: 29143724 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268817002023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-cell NHL) is the second commonest malignancy in the stomach. We determined the distribution of Helicobacter pylori outer membrane protein Q (HopQ) allelic type, cytotoxin-associated gene (cag)-pathogenicity activity island (cag-PAI) and vacuolation activating cytotoxin A (vacA) genes, respectively, in patients with B-cell NHL. We also compared them with their distribution in non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD). H. pylori was cultured from gastric biopsy tissue obtained at endoscopy. Polymerase chain reaction was performed. Of 170 patients enrolled, 114 (63%) had NUD and 56 (37%) had B-cell NHL. HopQ type 1 was positive in 66 (58%) in NUD compared with 46 (82%) (P = 0·002) in B-cell NHL; HopQ type 2 was positive in 93 (82%) with NUD compared with 56 (100%) (P < 0·001) in B-cell NHL. Multiple HopQ types were present in 46 (40%) in NUD compared with 46 (82%) (P < 0·001) in B-cell NHL. CagA was positive in 48 (42%) in NUD vs. 50 (89%) (P < 0·001) in B-cell NHL; cagT was positive in 35 (31%) in NUD vs. 45 (80%) (P < 0·001) in B-cell NHL; left end of the cagA gene (LEC)1 was positive in 23 (20%) in NUD vs. 43 (77%) (P < 0·001) in B-cell NHL. VacAs1am1 positive in B-cell NHL in 48 (86%) (P < 0·001) vs. 50 (44%) in NUD, while s1am2 was positive in 20 (17%) in NUD vs. 46 (82%) (P < 0·001) in B-cell NHL. H. pylori strains with multiple HopQ allelic types, truncated cag-PAI evidenced by expression of cagA, cagT and cag LEC with virulent vacAs1 alleles are associated with B-cell NHL development.
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Floch P, Mégraud F, Lehours P. Helicobacter pylori Strains and Gastric MALT Lymphoma. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9040132. [PMID: 28397767 PMCID: PMC5408206 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9040132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This article summarizes the main findings concerning Helicobacter pylori associated with gastric MALT lymphoma (GML). Considered together, GML strains based on their virulence factor profile appear to be less virulent than those associated with peptic ulcers or gastric adenocarcinoma. A particular Lewis antigen profile has been identified in GML strains and could represent an alternative adaptive mechanism to escape the host immune response thereby allowing continuous antigenic stimulation of infiltrating lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Floch
- INSERM, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Francis Mégraud
- INSERM, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Philippe Lehours
- INSERM, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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Ponzoni M, Ferreri AJ. Bacteria associated with marginal zone lymphomas. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2017; 30:32-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Expressions of the CagA protein and CagA-signaling molecules predict Helicobacter pylori dependence of early-stage gastric DLBCL. Blood 2017; 129:188-198. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-04-713719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Points
Expression of CagA and CagA-signaling molecules p-SHP2 and p-ERK is associated with HP dependence of gastric DLBCL. CagA is associated with the direct lymphomagenic effect of HP on B cells of HP-dependent gastric DLBCL.
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Abstract
The discovery of Helicobacter pylori three decades ago is a modern medical success story. It markedly changed our understanding of the pathophysiology of gastroduodenal diseases and led to an improvement in the treatment of diseases related to H. pylori infection. Many of these diseases (such as ulcer disease and mucosal associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma) have become curable, and others (gastric cancer) might be preventable with the application of H. pylori eradication therapy. Since its discovery, H. pylori has also been identified as a trigger for some extragastric diseases. Promising results in this exciting field might have a clinical effect in the near future. This Timeline gives an overview of the success of clinical research on H. pylori to date and highlights some future trends in this area.
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The role of Helicobacter pylori eradication in the treatment of diffuse large B-cell and marginal zone lymphomas of the stomach. Curr Opin Oncol 2014; 25:470-9. [PMID: 23942292 DOI: 10.1097/01.cco.0000432523.24358.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review is focused on the effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication with antibiotics in patients with primary gastric lymphomas of indolent and aggressive nature. RECENT FINDINGS Gastrointestinal lymphoma is the most common form of extranodal lymphoma, involving primarily the stomach in 60-75% of cases. The most common histological subtypes are diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)-type. H. pylori infection has been implicated in the pathogenesis of gastric MALT lymphoma; its role in gastric DLBCL remains controversial. Recently, international guidelines established that patients with gastric MALT lymphoma should be treated with upfront H. pylori-eradicating antibiotic therapy and that residual microscopic or molecular disease does not need for additional antiblastic treatment. The excellent prognosis of patients with gastric DLBCL managed with conservative chemo-radiotherapy led some investigators to test H. pylori eradication as exclusive treatment in prospective trials, keeping chemo-radiotherapy for unresponsive patients. This conservative strategy was well tolerated and active in patients with limited-stage DLBCL (±MALT areas) of the stomach. SUMMARY H. pylori eradication is a suitable strategy as exclusive upfront treatment for both patients with MALT-type lymphomas or with DLBCL of the stomach. Additional trials are needed to elucidate related controversial issues.
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Kovalchuk O, Walz P, Kovalchuk I. Does bacterial infection cause genome instability and cancer in the host cell? Mutat Res 2014; 761:1-14. [PMID: 24472301 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Research of the past several decades suggests that bacterial infection can lead to genome instability of the host cell often resulting in cancer development. However, there is still a substantial lack of knowledge regarding possible mechanisms involved in the development of genomic instability. Several questions remain unanswered, namely: Why has the causative relationship between the bacterial infection and cancer been established only for a small number of cancers? What is the mechanism responsible for the induction of genome instability and cancer? Is the infection process required to cause genome instability and cancer? In this review, we present a hypothesis that the bacterial infection, exposure to heat-killed bacteria or even some bacterial determinants may trigger genome instability of exposed and distal cells, and thus may cause cancer. We will discuss the mechanisms of host responses to the bacterial infection and present the possible pathways leading to genome instability and cancer through exposure to bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge T1K 3M4, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Paul Walz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge T1K 3M4, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Igor Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge T1K 3M4, Alberta, Canada.
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19
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Marginal zone lymphomas and infectious agents. Semin Cancer Biol 2013; 23:431-40. [PMID: 24090976 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A link with infectious agents, bacteria and viruses in particular, has been reported for many lymphoma entities. Marginal zone lymphomas (extranodal, nodal and splenic forms) are frequently associated with chronic infections, with important clinical, molecular, biological, and therapeutic implications. The well-known correlation between Helicobacter pylori and gastric MALT-lymphoma, the recently reported links between Chlamydophila psittaci and ocular adnexal MALT-lymphoma and Borrelia burgdorferi and cutaneous MALT lymphoma constitute the best studied examples of lymphomagenic activity of bacteria, while the hepatitis C virus represents the most extensively investigated virus associated with marginal zone lymphomas. Biological and clinical features, therapeutic implications and future perspectives of these lymphoma-microbial associations are discussed in this review.
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Detection of the Helicobacter pylori CagA protein in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma cells: clinical and biological significance. Blood Cancer J 2013; 3:e125. [PMID: 23852160 PMCID: PMC3730200 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2013.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that CagA can be translocated into B cells in Helicobacter pylori (HP) coculture media, and the translocation appears biologically significant as activation of the relevant cellular pathways was noticed. In this study, we further explore if CagA can be detected in malignant B cells of HP-positive gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Expression of CagA was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. CagA expression was further confirmed by western blot analysis. The association between CagA expression in malignant B cells and tumor response to HP eradication therapy (HPE) was evaluated in 64 stage IE gastric MALT lymphoma patients. We detected CagA expression in 31 (48.4%) of 64 patients: 26 (68.4%) of the 38 HP-dependent cases and 5 (19.2%) of the 26 HP-independent cases (P<0.001). Patients with CagA expression responded to HPE quicker than those without (median time to complete remission, 3.0 vs 6.5 months, P=0.025). Our results indicated that CagA can be translocated into malignant B cells of MALT lymphoma, and the translocation is clinically and biologically significant.
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Shiota S, Matsunari O, Watada M, Yamaoka Y. Serum Helicobacter pylori CagA antibody as a biomarker for gastric cancer in east-Asian countries. Future Microbiol 2011; 5:1885-93. [PMID: 21155667 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.10.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS In east-Asian countries, while almost all Helicobacter pylori strains possess the cytotokine-associated gene A (CagA) gene, serum CagA antibody is not detected in some infected subjects. We aimed to clarify the association between anti-CagA antibody and gastric cancer in east-Asian countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a meta-analysis of case-control studies with age- and sex-matched controls, which provided raw data in east-Asian countries. RESULTS Ten studies with a total of 4325 patients were identified in the search. Some reports from Japan, Korea and China showed a positive association between the presence of anti-CagA antibody and gastric cancer; however, the results differed in their various backgrounds. The disparate findings appeared to result from the use of different methods or from variations in the antigens used to detect the anti-CagA antibody. CagA seropositivity was associated with an increased risk of developing gastric cancer. CONCLUSION Anti-CagA antibody can be used as a biomarker for gastric cancer even in east-Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Shiota
- Department of Environmental & Preventative Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Hasama-machi, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
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22
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Fernando N, Torres P, Vaira D, Holton J. Colonization by Helicobacter pylori of leprosy patients in Spain: immunomodulation to low molecular weight antigens of H. pylori. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2010; 105:682-6. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762010000500014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John Holton
- University College London Hospital Trust, UK
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23
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Liu TY, Dei PH, Kuo SH, Lin CW. Early Low-grade Gastric MALToma Rarely Transforms Into Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma or Progresses Beyond the Stomach and Regional Lymph Nodes. J Formos Med Assoc 2010; 109:463-71. [DOI: 10.1016/s0929-6646(10)60078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Revised: 08/09/2009] [Accepted: 08/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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24
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Sumida T, Kitadai Y, Hiyama T, Shinagawa K, Tanaka M, Kodama M, Masuda H, Ito M, Tanaka S, Yoshihara M, Chayama K. Antibodies to Helicobacter pylori and CagA protein are associated with the response to antibacterial therapy in patients with H. pylori-positive API2-MALT1-negative gastric MALT lymphoma. Cancer Sci 2009; 100:1075-81. [PMID: 19385974 PMCID: PMC11159148 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01139.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify predictive factors for response to eradication therapy in cases of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-positive API2-MALT1-negative gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Sixty-six patients who were examined for H. pylori infection and the presence of the API2-MALT1 chimeric transcript and who underwent H. pylori eradication therapy as first-line therapy, were enrolled in this study. Immunohistochemical markers (p53, Ki-67, and BCL10), microsatellite instability, loss of heterozygosity, serum levels of antibodies (anti-H. pylori and anti-CagA), and markers for gastritis (gastrin and pepsinogens) were examined, and the results were compared between patients whose tumors regressed completely after eradication therapy (responders) and patients whose tumors did not regress (non-responders). Of the 66 patients with localized gastric MALT lymphoma, 47 (71.2%) showed complete remission after eradication therapy. None of the H. pylori-negative (n = 9) and/or API2-MALT1-positive (n = 7) patients responded to antibacterial treatment. Of 44 patients with H. pylori-positive API2-MALT1-negative gastric MALT lymphoma, 38 (86.4%) showed complete remission after eradication therapy. Titers of antibodies against H. pylori and CagA protein were significantly higher in the responders than in the non-responders (P = 0.0235 and 0.0089, respectively). No significant difference between the groups was observed for the other factors. In conclusion, measurement of titers of serum antibodies to H. pylori and CagA protein may be useful for predicting the response to eradication therapy in patients with H. pylori-positive API2-MALT1-negative gastric MALT lymphoma.
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MESH Headings
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Bacterial/drug effects
- Antigens, Bacterial/drug effects
- Antigens, Bacterial/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/drug effects
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Biopsy
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Helicobacter Infections/complications
- Helicobacter Infections/drug therapy
- Helicobacter pylori/genetics
- Helicobacter pylori/immunology
- Helicobacter pylori/isolation & purification
- Humans
- Japan
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/microbiology
- Microsatellite Repeats
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/deficiency
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Pyloric Antrum/microbiology
- Pyloric Antrum/pathology
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Retrospective Studies
- Stomach/microbiology
- Stomach/pathology
- Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Stomach Neoplasms/microbiology
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Sumida
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
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25
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Ferreri AJM, Ernberg I, Copie-Bergman C. Infectious agents and lymphoma development: molecular and clinical aspects. J Intern Med 2009; 265:421-38. [PMID: 19298458 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2009.02083.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review is focused on the role of infectious agents in the development of some lymphoma entities. Associations involving bacterial infections mostly regard marginal zone B-cell lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)-type. Some paradigmatic examples of these associations include the Helicobacter pylori-related gastric MALT lymphoma and the more recently reported links between Chlamydophila psittaci and ocular adnexal MALT lymphomas and Borrelia burgdorferi and cutaneous MALT lymphomas. The well-documented association between Epstein-Barr virus infection and related lymphoproliferative disorders are analysed as an example of lymphotropic virus with tumourigenic activity. Molecular, biological and clinical features as well as therapeutic implications of these associations are analysed and future perspectives in this field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J M Ferreri
- Unit of Lymphoid Malignancies, Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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26
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Stasi R, Evangelista ML, Brunetti M, Bussa S, Maritati R, Gallo A, Turrini L, Taccogna S, Crescenzi A, Angelini F. Primary gastric plasmacytoma and Helicobacter pylori infection. J Clin Oncol 2008; 27:150-3. [PMID: 19047299 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.19.8341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Stasi
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, Regina Apostolorum Hospital, Albano Laziale, Italy
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27
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Cavanna L, Pagani R, Seghini P, Zangrandi A, Paties C. High grade B-cell gastric lymphoma with complete pathologic remission after eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection: report of a case and review of the literature. World J Surg Oncol 2008; 6:35. [PMID: 18353178 PMCID: PMC2329637 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-6-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2007] [Accepted: 03/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment of primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is still controversial. The treatment of localized disease was based on surgery alone, or followed by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. High-grade gastric lymphomas are generally believed to be Helicobacter pylori (HP)-independent growing tumors. However a few cases of regression of high-grade gastric lymphomas after the cure of Helicobacter pylori infection had been described. Case presentation We report here a case with primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma that showed a complete pathologic remission after HP eradication and we reviewed the literature. A computerized literature reach through Medline, Cancerlit and Embase were performed, applying the words: high grade gastric lymphoma, or diffuse large B cell, MALT gastric lymphoma, DLBCLL (MALT) lymphoma and Helicobacter. Articles and abstracts were also identified by back-referencing from original and relevant papers. Selected for the present review were papers published in English before January 2007. Conclusion Forty two cases of primary high grade gastric lymphoma that regressed with anti HP treatment were found. There were anedoctal cases reported and patients belonging to prospective studies; four trials studied the effect of eradication of Helicobacter pylori as first line therapy in high grade gastric lymphoma: 22 of a total of 38 enrolled patients obtained complete remission. Depth of gastric wall infiltration and clinical stage were important factors to predict the response to antibiotic therapy. Our case and the review of the literature show that high-grade transformation is not necessarily associated with the loss HP dependence. In early stage, for high-grade B-cell HP-positive gastric lymphomas, given the limited toxicity of anti-HP therapy, this treatment may be considered as one of the first line treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Cavanna
- Medical Oncology-Hematology Department, Hospital of Piacenza, 29100 Piacenza, Italy.
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De Luca A, De Falco M, Manente L, Dattilo D, Lucariello A, Esposito V, Gnarini M, Citro G, Baldi A, Tufano MA, Iaquinto G. Helicobacter pylori heat shock protein B (HspB) localizes in vivo in the gastric mucosa and MALT lymphoma. J Cell Physiol 2008; 216:78-82. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Atherton JC. The pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastro-duodenal diseases. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2007; 1:63-96. [PMID: 18039108 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pathol.1.110304.100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 448] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is the main cause of peptic ulceration, distal gastric adenocarcinoma, and gastric lymphoma. Only 15% of those colonized develop disease, and pathogenesis depends upon strain virulence, host genetic susceptibility, and environmental cofactors. Virulence factors include the cag pathogenicity island, which induces proinflammatory, pro-proliferative epithelial cell signaling; the cytotoxin VacA, which causes epithelial damage; and an adhesin, BabA. Host genetic polymorphisms that lead to high-level pro-inflammatory cytokine release in response to infection increase cancer risk. Pathogenesis is dependent upon inflammation, a Th-1 acquired immune response and hormonal changes including hypergastrinaemia. Antral-predominant inflammation leads to increased acid production from the uninflamed corpus and predisposes to duodenal ulceration; corpus-predominant gastritis leads to hypochlorhydria and predisposes to gastric ulceration and adenocarcinoma. Falling prevalence of H. pylori in developed countries has led to a falling incidence of associated diseases. However, whether there are disadvantages of an H. pylori-free stomach, for example increased risk of esosphageal adenocarcinoma, remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Atherton
- Wolfson Digestive Diseases Centre and Institute of Infections, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom.
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31
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Zhu Y, Wang C, Huang J, Ge Z, Dong Q, Zhong X, Su Y, Zheng S. The Helicobacter pylori virulence factor CagA promotes Erk1/2-mediated Bad phosphorylation in lymphocytes: a mechanism of CagA-inhibited lymphocyte apoptosis. Cell Microbiol 2006; 9:952-61. [PMID: 17140404 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2006.00843.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Helicobacter pylori virulence factor, CagA, is causally linked to lymphoma of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). However, it is unclear how CagA promotes the development of gastric MALT lymphoma. We investigated whether CagA modulates the activation of Erk1/2 and their downstream apoptosis regulators in B lymphocytes. Transfection of B1 lymphocytes with cagA transiently increased Erk1/2 phosphorylation, which was negatively regulated by MKP-1 and MKP-6. Activation of Erk1/2 led to phosphorylation of Bad at Ser-112, as confirmed with a chemical Erk1/2 inhibitor. However, CagA-induced Erk1/2 activation did not alter expression of either Bcl-2 or Bax. Importantly, cagA-transfected B1 cells were significantly protected against apoptosis induced by hydroxyurea. Our results reveal that CagA, to some extent like IL-3, can enhance lymphocytes' ability to evade apoptosis through phosphorylation of Bad. This may account, at least in part, for the ability of CagA to promote lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Suzuki T, Matsuo K, Ito H, Hirose K, Wakai K, Saito T, Sato S, Morishima Y, Nakamura S, Ueda R, Tajima K. A past history of gastric ulcers and Helicobacter pylori infection increase the risk of gastric malignant lymphoma. Carcinogenesis 2006; 27:1391-7. [PMID: 16400189 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgi334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a causative agent for peptic ulcers as well as some types of gastric lymphoma; however, the relationship between a peptic ulcer history in combination with H. pylori infection and the risk of gastric lymphoma has not been fully evaluated. To examine this point, we conducted a case-control study with 645 patients histologically diagnosed as having malignant lymphomas and 3225 non-cancer controls. Plasma H. pylori IgG status was assessed for subgroups for which blood samples were available (116 cases and 114 controls). An association with a history of gastric, but not duodenal ulcers was found for gastric lymphoma [odds ratio (OR) = 5.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.12-9.39]. In the examination according to histological subtype, the OR was high for both gastric mucous-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma (OR = 5.54, 95% CI: 2.56-12.01) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (OR = 7.23, 95% CI: 2.62-19.90). In the analysis of H. pylori antibody, the risk of total gastric lymphoma was associated with H. pylori infection (OR = 5.34, 95% CI: 1.42-20.05). A high prevalence of H. pylori infection was also found for both gastric MALT lymphoma (8 out of 10: 80.0%) and DLBCL (8 out of 9: 88.9%). Further, in subgroup analysis of subjects with H. pylori infection, gastric ulcer history, but not duodenal ulcer history was associated with the risk of gastric lymphoma (OR = 4.15, 95% CI: 1.02-16.89). In conclusion, we found a positive association with a past history of gastric ulcer and H. pylori infection for gastric lymphoma, while duodenal ulcer history was no association. These results suggested the risk of gastric lymphoma increased by interaction between H. pylori infection and gastric ulcer history. Further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Suzuki
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
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Suzuki T, Matsuo K, Ito H, Hirose K, Wakai K, Saito T, Sato S, Morishima Y, Nakamura S, Ueda R, Tajima K. A past history of gastric ulcers and Helicobacter pylori infection increase the risk of gastric malignant lymphoma. Carcinogenesis 2006. [PMID: 16400189 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgi334 doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgi334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a causative agent for peptic ulcers as well as some types of gastric lymphoma; however, the relationship between a peptic ulcer history in combination with H. pylori infection and the risk of gastric lymphoma has not been fully evaluated. To examine this point, we conducted a case-control study with 645 patients histologically diagnosed as having malignant lymphomas and 3225 non-cancer controls. Plasma H. pylori IgG status was assessed for subgroups for which blood samples were available (116 cases and 114 controls). An association with a history of gastric, but not duodenal ulcers was found for gastric lymphoma [odds ratio (OR) = 5.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.12-9.39]. In the examination according to histological subtype, the OR was high for both gastric mucous-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma (OR = 5.54, 95% CI: 2.56-12.01) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (OR = 7.23, 95% CI: 2.62-19.90). In the analysis of H. pylori antibody, the risk of total gastric lymphoma was associated with H. pylori infection (OR = 5.34, 95% CI: 1.42-20.05). A high prevalence of H. pylori infection was also found for both gastric MALT lymphoma (8 out of 10: 80.0%) and DLBCL (8 out of 9: 88.9%). Further, in subgroup analysis of subjects with H. pylori infection, gastric ulcer history, but not duodenal ulcer history was associated with the risk of gastric lymphoma (OR = 4.15, 95% CI: 1.02-16.89). In conclusion, we found a positive association with a past history of gastric ulcer and H. pylori infection for gastric lymphoma, while duodenal ulcer history was no association. These results suggested the risk of gastric lymphoma increased by interaction between H. pylori infection and gastric ulcer history. Further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Suzuki
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
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34
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Lu CY, Kuo CH, Lo YC, Chuang HY, Yang YC, Wu IC, Yu FJ, Lee YC, Jan CM, Wang WM, Wu DC. The best method of detecting prior Helicobacter pylori infection. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:5672-6. [PMID: 16237763 PMCID: PMC4481486 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i36.5672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2004] [Revised: 06/13/2004] [Accepted: 06/18/2005] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Prior Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection has often been underestimated. These underestimations have misled physicians attempting to determine the significance between H pylori and certain gastrointestinal lesions such as intestinal metaplasia, atrophic gastritis, and gastric cancer. Our study endeavored to detect past H pylori infections accurately, easily, and rapidly with the newly developed immunoblot kit, Helico Blot 2.1. METHODS Thirty-three patients, including 25 H pylori infected and 8 uninfected cases, were enrolled in our study. All patients received consecutive gastroendoscopic examinations and (13)C-urea breath test (UBT) tests at 6- or 12-mo intervals for up to 4 years. Serum samples were obtained from each patient at the same time. Intragastric H pylori infection was confirmed in accordance with the gold standard. Twenty-five H pylori-infected patients received triple therapies after initial bacterial confirmation, and were successful in eradicating their infections. Serially obtained sera were tested by means of Helico Blot 2.1. RESULTS Current infection marker detected by Helico Blot 2.1 was unreliable for representing ongoing H pylori infection. Only 35 and 37 ku antibodies of H pylori had significant seroconversion rates 1 year after having been cured. The seropositive rates of 116 ku (cytotoxin-associated antigen (CagA)) and Helico Blot 2.1 were nearly 100% during 4-year follow-up period. Both CagA antigen and Helico blot 2.1 could serve as indicators of long-term H pylori infection. CONCLUSION Helico Blot 2.1 can detect past H pylori infections for up to 4 years, and is the best method to date for detecting previous long-term H pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yu Lu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Zih-You 1st Road, Kaohsiung City, 807 Taiwan, China
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Copie-Bergman C, Locher C, Levy M, Chaumette MT, Haioun C, Delfau-Larue MH, Leroy K, Gaulard P, Delchier JC. Metachronous gastric MALT lymphoma and early gastric cancer: is residual lymphoma a risk factor for the development of gastric carcinoma? Ann Oncol 2005; 16:1232-6. [PMID: 15890667 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdi242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori plays a major role in the pathogenesis of primary gastric MALT lymphoma (GML) and gastric carcinoma. The occurrence of these two diseases metachronously in a same patient is a rare event. PATIENTS AND METHODS Gastric biopsies and gastrectomy resection specimens of four patients who developed GML and early gastric cancer (EGC) were analysed by morphology, immunohistochemistry and molecular biology. RESULTS Four patients (three males and one female; mean age 48 years) were diagnosed with GML. Helicobacter pylori infection was observed in three cases. Two patients had localized disease (stages IE and IIE, respectively) and were treated with H. pylori eradication therapy followed by an alkylating agent for one patient. Two patients had disseminated disease (stage IV), and were treated with an alkylating agent. Three cases were t(11;18) positive. All patients achieved initially complete lymphoma remission. Long-term endoscopic surveillance detected an EGC at the same location as the lymphoma in all patients at a mean time of 9.5 years (range 2.5-17 years) after lymphoma diagnosis. Gastrectomy specimens showed residual GML in all cases. CONCLUSION Prolonged residual GML could constitute an additional risk factor for the development of gastric carcinoma. Long-term endoscopic surveillance is mandatory in patients treated conservatively for gastric MALT lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Copie-Bergman
- Departement de Pathologie, Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, 51 avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, France
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Farinha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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37
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Flamenbaum M, Costes-Chalret N, Ruskone-Fourmestraux A, Chapuis C, Monzy F, Kémény JL, Cassan P. [Gastric high-grade B-cell lymphoma associated with primary biliary cirrhosis regression after eradication of Helicobacter Pylori]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 28:1179-81. [PMID: 15657547 DOI: 10.1016/s0399-8320(04)95203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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38
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Jiang Z, Huang AL, Tao XH, Wang PL. Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection and diseases associated with Helicobacter pylori by Helicobacter pylori outer membrane proteins. World J Gastroenterol 2004; 10:3464-9. [PMID: 15526366 PMCID: PMC4576228 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v10.i23.3464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: To examine the serological response of patients with upper gastrointestinal diseases and Helicobocter pylori (H pylori) infection to two H pylori outer membrane proteins (OMPs) (Mr18000 and Mr26000) acquired by gene recombinant technique, and to determine the diagnostic significance of serological tests derived from these OMPs.
METHODS: Recombinant vectors encoding the two H pylori OMPs were used to transform and express in BL21 (DE3) E.coli. After purification with Ni2+-NTA agarose resin, colloid gold kits were prepared with purified recombinant proteins to detect H pylori infection and H pylori-associated diseases by the immunity-marker technology. We selected 150 patients with H pylori infection and digestive symptoms without previous treatment, including chronic gastritis (n = 60), duodenal ulcer (n = 30), gastric ulcer (n = 30), and gastric cancer (n = 30). As controls, 33 H pylori-negative healthy volunteers were also recruited. Serum samples were collected from all subjects, and the antibodies to specific proteins of H pylori were tested with the colloid gold test kits. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the colloid gold tests were evaluated, by using the combination of standard diagnostic methods (13C urea breath test and bacteria culture) and classic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as reference.
RESULTS: After purification with Ni2+-NTA agarose resin, the purity of recombinant fusion proteins was about 95%. The recombinant fusion proteins were recognized by the specific monoclonal antibodies against the two H pylori OMPs, as demonstrated by the ELISA. Of the 150 serum samples from patients infected with H pylori 141 (94.0%) responded positively to the recombinant protein with Mr26000, while the seropositive rates were 95.0%, 96.7%, 96.7% and 90.0% for patients with H pylori-associated chronic gastritis, duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, and gastric cancer respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the colloid gold kit with Mr26000 protein were 94.0%, 97.0%, and 94.5%, respectively. Compared with the classic ELISA, bacteria culture and 13C urea breath test results in detecting H pylori-infection, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05). For the colloid gold kit with Mr18000, the seropositive rates were 52.0%, 40.0%, 40.0%, 53.3% and 86.7%, respectively, in H pylori-infected patients, and those with H pylori-associated chronic gastritis, duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, and gastric cancer. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in seropositivity between patient with gastric cancer (86.7%) and those with other diseases (43.3%).
CONCLUSION: The two colloid gold kits derived from the recombinant OMPs are useful tools either for detecting H pylori infection, or for, predicting H pylori-associated gastric malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing University of Medical Sciences, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Hung PD, Schubert ML, Mihas AA. Marginal Zone B-cell Lymphoma (MALT Lymphoma). CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN GASTROENTEROLOGY 2004; 7:133-138. [PMID: 15010027 DOI: 10.1007/s11938-004-0034-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The preferred terminology for mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the stomach (variously referred to as MALT lymphoma, MALToma, low-grade MALToma, or pseudolymphoma) is marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MZBL). MZBL, the hallmark of which is the lymphoepithelial lesion, develops as a consequence of Helicobacter pylori infection in susceptible individuals. In general, MZBL is slow growing, can remain localized for years, and has an excellent prognosis. Staging involves endoscopy with biopsy, computed tomography scanning, and endoscopic ultrasound. In patients with limited disease, eradication of H. pylori leads to remission. In patients who fail eradication therapy or have more extensive disease, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation alone and in various combinations have been used successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick D. Hung
- Division of Gastroenterology; 111N, McGuire VAMC, 1201 Broad Rock Boulevard, Richmond, VA 23249, USA.
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40
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Lehours P, Ménard A, Dupouy S, Bergey B, Richy F, Zerbib F, Ruskoné-Fourmestraux A, Delchier JC, Mégraud F. Evaluation of the association of nine Helicobacter pylori virulence factors with strains involved in low-grade gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Infect Immun 2004; 72:880-8. [PMID: 14742532 PMCID: PMC321584 DOI: 10.1128/iai.72.2.880-888.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori has been associated with the development of two malignant diseases: gastric adenocarcinoma and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Although the cag pathogenicity island, especially the cagA gene, has been linked with adenocarcinoma, few data concerning H. pylori pathogenic factors involved in low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma are available. The goal of this study was to analyze the prevalence of and correlation between genes coding for seven H. pylori virulence factors (cagA, cagE, vacA, iceA, babA, hopQ, and oipA) and two novel adhesins (sabA and hopZ) by comparing a collection of 43 H. pylori strains isolated from patients with low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma to 39 strains isolated from age-matched patients with gastritis only. Our results show that taken individually, none of the nine genes tested can be considered associated with MALT strains and allow us to conclude that MALT pathogenesis is not linked with more proinflammatory H. pylori strains. We demonstrated that in patients infected with strains harboring the iceA1 allele, sabA functional status, and hopZ "off" status, the odds of developing a MALT lymphoma were 10 times higher. However, the low prevalence of such strains (10 of 43 MALT strains) renders this triple association a low-sensitivity marker for MALT strains. Our data confirmed that H. pylori virulence factors are correlated with one another. If the involvement of H. pylori in MALT lymphoma is well established, the pathomechanism by which gastric lymphoma occurs remains to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Lehours
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
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Yang HB, Sheu BS, Wang JT, Lin ST, Wu JJ. Serological responses of FldA and small-molecular-weight proteins of Helicobacter pylori: correlation with the presence of the gastric MALT tissue. Helicobacter 2004; 9:81-6. [PMID: 15156908 DOI: 10.1111/j.1083-4389.2004.00201.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We tested whether the serological response to Flavodoxin-A (FldA) protein and anti-Helicobacter pylori immunoblots correlated to the degree of mucosaassociated lymphoid tissue (MALT) in the stomach. METHODS Eighty H. pyloni-infected patients with different degrees of MALT in the stomach were investigated with serum sampling and endoscopy on enrolment, the 2nd and the 12th months after anti-H. pylori therapy. All sera were tested for the anti-FldA protein and anti-H. pylon immunoblots, including 19.5, 26.5, 30, 35, 89, and 116 KDa (CagA). Regression of follicular gastritis was assessed by histology. RESULTS Patients with dense lymphoid follicles had higher prevalence rates of anti-FldA protein, 19.5, 26.5, and 30 KDa antibodies of H. pylori (p < .05). Histologic downgrade of MALT was observed in 25% (10/40) of patients in the 2nd month and in 60% (23/38) in the 12th month after H. pylori therapy. After H. pylori eradication, the patients with MALT and dense lymphoid follicles had significantly negative seroconversions of 19.5, 26.5, 30, and 35 KDa antibodies (p < .05), but not of CagA and FldA. CONCLUSION Patients with gastric MALT and dense lymphoid follicles had different anti-H. pylori serological responses to those with scanty or an absence of lymphoid follicles. The negative seroconversion of the smaller-molecular-weight proteins, but not CagA and FldA, may correlate with the regression of MALT by H. pylori eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Bai Yang
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University, Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
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Jiang Z, Pu D, Huang AL, Tao XH, Wang PL. Cloning, expression and antigenic analysis of heat shock protein A gene of human Helicobacter pylori. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2003; 11:1480-1484. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v11.i10.1480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To construct a recombinant vector containing gene encoding heat shock protein A with a Mr of 13 000 from human Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) and express it in E. coli BL21, and to explore the antigenicity.
METHODS The target gene was amplified from H pylori chromosome by PCR, and then inserted into the prokaryotic expression vector pET32a (+) digested by restrictive endonuclease enzymes of kpn I, BamH I simultaneously. The recombinant vector was transformed and expressed in E.coli BL21.The antigenicity of recombinant fusion protein was analysed by Western blot.
RESULTS Enzyme digestion and sequencing analysis showed that the target gene has been inserted into the recombinant vector, but as compared with the gene reported by GenBank, 1.6% of gene mutation and 1.6% of amino acid residues change in H pylori occurred, respectively. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the recombinant vector could be expressed in E.coli BL21, the relative molecular mass (Mr) of expressed product was 33×103, while Mr of protein expressed by pET32a (+) was about 20×103, and soluble fusion expression product accounted for 18.96% of total bacterial protein. After purification with Ni+-NTA agarose resin, the purity of recombinant fusion protein was about 95%. Western blot result showed that recombinant fusion protein could be recognized by anti-H pylori positive serum, suggesting that the protein had good antigenicity.
CONCLUSION The gene encoding H pylori heat shock protein A has been cloned and expressed successfully. The results lay the foundation for development of H pylori protein vaccine and a quick diagnostic kit for detection of H pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dan Pu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ai-Long Huang
- Institute of Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Pi-Long Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - 陶小红
- 重庆医科大学第一附属医院消化科 重庆市 400016
| | - 王丕龙
- 重庆医科大学第一附属医院消化科 重庆市 400016
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Jiang Z, Huang AL, Tao XH, Wang PL. Construction and characterization of bivalent vaccine candidate expressing HspA and Mr18000 OMP from Helicobacter pylori. World J Gastroenterol 2003; 9:1756-61. [PMID: 12918115 PMCID: PMC4611538 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i8.1756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To construct a recombinant vector which can express outer membrane protein (OMP) with Mr18000 and heat shock protein A (HspA) from Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in E. coli BL21, and to exploit the possibility for obtaining the vaccine conferring protection from H. pylori infection.
METHODS: The target gene of HspA was amplified from H. pylori chromosome by PCR, and then inserted into the prokaryotic expression vector pET32a (+) by restrictive endonuclease enzyme kpn I, BamH I simultaneously. The recombinant vector was used to sequence, and then together with pET32a (+)/Omp18, digested by restrictive endonuclease enzyme Hind III and BamH I simultaneously. pET32a(+)/ HspA and Omp18 were recovered from 1% agarose gel by gel kit, and ligated with T4 ligase by BamH I digested viscidity end. The recombinant plasmid of pET32a(+)/HspA/Omp18 was transformed and expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) under induction of IPTG. After purification, its antigenicity of the fusion protein was detected by Western blot.
RESULTS: Enzyme digestion analysis and sequencing showed that the target genes were inserted into the recombinant vector, composed of 891 base pairs, encoded objective polypeptides of 297 amino acid residues. Compared with GenBank reported by Tomb et al there were 1.3% and 1.4% differences in obtained H. pylori nucleotide sequence and amino acid residues, respectively. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that relative molecule mass (Mr) of the expressed product was Mr 51000, Mr of protein expressed by pET32a (+) was about Mr 20000, and soluble expression product accounted for 18.96% of total bacterial protein. After purification with Ni+2-NTA agarose resins, the purification of recombinant fusion protein was about 95%. Western blot showed that recombinant fusion protein could be recognized by the patients’ serum infected with H. pylori and anti-Omp18 monoclone, suggesting that this protein had good antigenicity.
CONCLUSION: The gene coding for H. pylori Mr18000 OMP and HspA was cloned and expressed successfully. The results obtained lay the foundation for development of H. pylori protein vaccine and a quick diagnostic kit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing University of Medical Sciences, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Cheng H, Wang J, Zhang CS, Yan PS, Zhang XH, Hu PZ, Ma FC. Clinicopathologic study of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma in gastroscopic biopsy. World J Gastroenterol 2003; 9:1270-2. [PMID: 12800238 PMCID: PMC4611798 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i6.1270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore and discuss the clinicopathologic characteristics of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma in gastroscopic biopsy specimen.
METHODS: A retrospective study of 26 cases of lymphoma diagnosed by gastroscopic biopsy during 1999 to 2001 from gastroscopy files of Xijing Hospital was made. The diagnostic criteria were adopted according to the new classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
RESULTS: Twenty-six cases of primary gastric lymphoma consisting of 15 men and 11 women, aged between 23 to 76 years were recruited from 6225 cases who received gastroscopy. All of them were diagnosed by both endoscopic findings and histological examinations. Histologically, 23 cases were MALToma (low grade) and 3 cases lymphoblastic lymphoma (high grade). Immunohistochemically, all cases were CD20 positive, while CK and EMA were negative.
CONCLUSION: The majority of the cases of primary low-grade gastric lymphoma have morphologic and clinical features that justify their inclusion in the category of low-grade lymphoma of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710033, Shaanxi Province, China
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Abstract
AIM: To construct a recombinant strain which highly expresses catalase of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and assay the activity of H. pylori catalase.
METHODS: The catalase DNA was amplified from H. pylori chromosomal DNA with PCR techniques and inserted into the prokaryotie expression vector pET-22b (+), and then was transformed into the BL21 (DE3) E. coli strain which expressed catalase recombinant protein. The activity of H. pylori catalase was assayed by the Beers&Sizers.
RESULTS: DNA sequence analysis showed that the sequence of catalase DNA was the same as GenBank’s research. The catalase recombinant protein amounted to 24.4% of the total bacterial protein after induced with IPTG for 3 hours at 37 °C and the activity of H. pylori catalase was high in the BL21 (DE3) E. coli strain.
CONCLUSION: A clone expressing high activity H. pylori catalase is obtained, laying a good foundation for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- PLA Institute for Digestive Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, the First Military Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China.
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Bai Y, Huang W, Lin HJ, Wang JD, Chen Y, Zhang ZS, Zhou DY, Zhang YL. Construction of clone expressing adhesin Hsp60 of Helicobacter pylori. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2003; 11:547-550. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v11.i5.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To construct a recombinant vector containing gene encoding Hsp60 gene of Helicobacter pylori and to express the vector in E.coli BL21.
METHODS The Hsp60 gene was amplified from H.pylori chromosome by PCR and inserted into the prokaryotie expression vector pET-22b (+). The recombinant vector was transformed and expressed in E.coli BL21 (DE3). Recombinant Hsp60 protein immunogenicity was studied by Western blot.
RESULTS The 1.6 kb Hsp60 gene was successfully isolated. Recombinant E.coli strains expressed Hsp60 were obtained, the expression protein amounted to 27.2% of the total bacterial protein after induced with IPTG for 3 h at 37 ℃, which included inclusion body and soluble protein. Inclusion body was the major pattern of the expression that amounted to 76.6% of the insoluble protein. Western blot analysis of rHsp60 confirmed that it could be specially recognized by serum from Hp infected patients.
CONCLUSION The gene coding for Hp Hsp60 is cloned and expressed successfully. The results obtained lay the foundation for constructing the H.pylori vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- PLA Institute for Digestive Medicine, the First Military Medical Univercity, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wen Huang
- PLA Institute for Digestive Medicine, the First Military Medical Univercity, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huan-Jian Lin
- PLA Institute for Digestive Medicine, the First Military Medical Univercity, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ji-De Wang
- PLA Institute for Digestive Medicine, the First Military Medical Univercity, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ye Chen
- PLA Institute for Digestive Medicine, the First Military Medical Univercity, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhao-San Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Dian-Yuan Zhou
- PLA Institute for Digestive Medicine, the First Military Medical Univercity, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ya-Li Zhang
- PLA Institute for Digestive Medicine, the First Military Medical Univercity, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
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