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Singh R, Yadav RK, Satyanath, Singh S, Shahin R, Umar A, Ibrahim AA, Singh O, Gupta NK, Singh C, Baeg JO, Baskoutas S. Nature-inspired polymer photocatalysts for green NADH regeneration and nitroarene transformation. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 353:141491. [PMID: 38395365 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalysis has emerged as a promising approach for generating solar chemical and organic transformations under the solar light spectrum, employing polymer photocatalysts. In this study, our aim is to achieve the regeneration of NADH and fixation of nitroarene compounds, which hold significant importance in various fields such as pharmaceuticals, biology, and chemistry. The development of an in-situ nature-inspired artificial photosynthetic pathway represents a challenging task, as it involves harnessing solar energy for efficient solar chemical production and organic transformation. In this work, we have successfully synthesized a novel artificial photosynthetic polymer, named TFc photocatalyst, through the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction between triptycene (T) and a ferrocene motif (Fc). The TFC photocatalyst is a promising material with excellent optical properties, an appropriate band gap, and the ability to facilitate the regeneration of NADH and the fixation of nitroarene compounds through photocatalysis. These characteristics are necessary for several applications, including organic synthesis and environmental remediation. Our research provides a significant step forward in establishing a reliable pathway for the regeneration and fixation of solar chemicals and organic compounds under the solar light spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, 273010, U. P., India
| | - Rajesh K Yadav
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, 273010, U. P., India.
| | - Satyanath
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, 273010, U. P., India
| | - Satyam Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, 273010, U. P., India
| | - Rehana Shahin
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, 273010, U. P., India
| | - Ahmad Umar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, and Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Najran University, Najran, 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA.
| | - Ahmed A Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, and Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Najran University, Najran, 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Omvir Singh
- Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Gulmohar Marg, Mathikere, Bengaluru, 560012, India
| | - Navneet K Gupta
- Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Gulmohar Marg, Mathikere, Bengaluru, 560012, India
| | - Chandani Singh
- Artificial Photosynthesis Research group, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin OoK Baeg
- Artificial Photosynthesis Research group, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
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Colonic delivery of surface charge decorated nanocarrier for IBD therapy. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Veni, Vidi, Vici: Immobilized Peptide-Based Conjugates as Tools for Capture, Analysis, and Transformation. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of peptide biomarkers of pathological states of the organism is often a serious challenge, due to a very complex composition of the cell and insufficient sensitivity of the current analytical methods (including mass spectrometry). One of the possible ways to overcome this problem is sample enrichment by capturing the selected components using a specific solid support. Another option is increasing the detectability of the desired compound by its selective tagging. Appropriately modified and immobilized peptides can be used for these purposes. In addition, they find application in studying the specificity and activity of proteolytic enzymes. Immobilized heterocyclic peptide conjugates may serve as metal ligands, to form complexes used as catalysts or analytical markers. In this review, we describe various applications of immobilized peptides, including selective capturing of cysteine-containing peptides, tagging of the carbonyl compounds to increase the sensitivity of their detection, enrichment of biological samples in deoxyfructosylated peptides, and fishing out of tyrosine–containing peptides by the formation of azo bond. Moreover, the use of the one-bead-one-compound peptide library for the analysis of substrate specificity and activity of caspases is described. Furthermore, the evolution of immobilization from the solid support used in peptide synthesis to nanocarriers is presented. Taken together, the examples presented here demonstrate immobilized peptides as a multifunctional tool, which can be successfully used to solve multiple analytical problems.
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Oseghale CO, Fapojuwo DP, Alimi OA, Akinnawo CA, Mogudi BM, Onisuru OR, Meijboom R. Bifunctional Cs−Au/Co
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(Basic and Redox)‐Catalyzed Oxidative Synthesis of Aromatic Azo Compounds from Anilines. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles O. Oseghale
- Research Center for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Sciences University of Johannesburg PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006 Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Dele Peter Fapojuwo
- Research Center for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Sciences University of Johannesburg PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006 Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Oyekunle Azeez Alimi
- Research Center for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Sciences University of Johannesburg PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006 Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Christianah Aarinola Akinnawo
- Research Center for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Sciences University of Johannesburg PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006 Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Batsile M. Mogudi
- Research Center for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Sciences University of Johannesburg PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006 Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Oluwatayo Racheal Onisuru
- Research Center for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Sciences University of Johannesburg PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006 Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Reinout Meijboom
- Research Center for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Sciences University of Johannesburg PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006 Johannesburg South Africa
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Lyalin BV, Sigacheva VL, Kudinova AS, Neverov SV, Kokorekin VA, Petrosyan VA. Electrooxidation Is a Promising Approach to Functionalization of Pyrazole-Type Compounds. Molecules 2021; 26:4749. [PMID: 34443338 PMCID: PMC8400477 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The review summarizes for the first time the poorly studied electrooxidative functionalization of pyrazole derivatives leading to the C-Cl, C-Br, C-I, C-S and N-N coupling products with applied properties. The introduction discusses some aspects of aromatic hydrogen substitution. Further, we mainly consider our works on effective synthesis of the corresponding halogeno, thiocyanato and azo compounds using cheap, affordable and environmentally promising electric currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris V. Lyalin
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (B.V.L.); (V.L.S.); (A.S.K.); (S.V.N.); (V.A.P.)
| | - Vera L. Sigacheva
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (B.V.L.); (V.L.S.); (A.S.K.); (S.V.N.); (V.A.P.)
| | - Anastasia S. Kudinova
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (B.V.L.); (V.L.S.); (A.S.K.); (S.V.N.); (V.A.P.)
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str. 8, Bldg. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Neverov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (B.V.L.); (V.L.S.); (A.S.K.); (S.V.N.); (V.A.P.)
| | - Vladimir A. Kokorekin
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (B.V.L.); (V.L.S.); (A.S.K.); (S.V.N.); (V.A.P.)
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str. 8, Bldg. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Institute Str. 5, 143050 Bol’shiye Vyazemy, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Petrosyan
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (B.V.L.); (V.L.S.); (A.S.K.); (S.V.N.); (V.A.P.)
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Skotnicka A, Czeleń P. Substituent and Solvent Polarity on the Spectroscopic Properties in Azo Derivatives of 2-Hydroxynaphthalene and Their Difluoroboranes Complexes. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14123387. [PMID: 34207321 PMCID: PMC8235415 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Novel fluorescent dyes such as difluoroborane complexes of 1-phenylazonaphthalen-2-ol derivatives were successfully synthesized and characterized with a focus on the influence of a substituent and a solvent on the basic photophysical properties. 1H, 11B, 13C, 15N, and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of substituted 1-phenylazonaphthalen-2-ol difluoroboranes and their parent azo dyes were recorded and discussed. The absorption and emission properties of synthesized compounds were investigated in solvents of varying polarity. They were found to be fluorescent despite the presence of the azo group. The azo group rotation was blocked by complexing with -BF2 to get a red shift in absorption. Solvent-dependent spectral properties of compounds were investigated using Lipper-Mataga and Bakhshiev plot. The calculated DFT energies and Frontier Molecular Orbitals calculations of the studied compounds were proved to be consistent with the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Skotnicka
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, UTP University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-(52)-3749-111
| | - Przemysław Czeleń
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, N. Copernicus University, Kurpińskiego 5, 85-950 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
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Shen J, Xu J, Zhu Q, Zhang P. Hypervalent iodine(iii)-promoted rapid cascade reaction for the synthesis of unsymmetric azo compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:3119-3123. [PMID: 33885564 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00219h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A rapid three-component cascade reaction for the synthesis of unsymmetric azo compounds via a radical activation strategy has been reported. Various aryldiazonium salts and unactivated alkenes are well compatible, providing the corresponding products in good to excellent yields. This strategy gives an efficient and practical solution for the synthesis of unsymmetric azo compounds with two C-N bond formation. A free radical pathway mechanism is advised for this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Shen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
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Shen J, Xu J, He L, Ouyang Y, Huang L, Li W, Zhu Q, Zhang P. Photoinduced Rapid Multicomponent Cascade Reaction of Aryldiazonium Salts with Unactivated Alkenes and TMSN3. Org Lett 2021; 23:1204-1208. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Shen
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jun Xu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Lei He
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yani Ouyang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Lin Huang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Wanmei Li
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
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Bao WL, Wu Q, Hu B, Sun D, Zhao S, Shen X, Cheng H, Shen W. Oral Nanoparticles of SNX10-shRNA Plasmids Ameliorate Mouse Colitis. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:345-357. [PMID: 33488076 PMCID: PMC7814243 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s286392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our previous study found that deletion of Sorting nexin 10 (SNX10) can protect against colonic inflammation and pathological damage induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). This inspired us that modulation of SNX10 expression in colonic epithelial cells might represent a promising therapeutic strategy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods Effective delivery of siRNA/shRNA to silence genes is a highly sought-after means in the treatment of multiple diseases. Here, we encapsulated SNX10-shRNA plasmids (SRP) with polylactide-polyglycolide (PLGA) to make oral nanoparticles (NPs), and then applied them to acute and chronic IBD mice model, respectively. The characteristics of the nanoparticles were assayed and the effects of SRP-NPs on mouse IBD were evaluated. Results High-efficiency SNX10-shRNA plasmids were successfully constructed and coated with PLGA to obtain nanoparticles, with a particle size of 275.2 ± 11.4mm, uniform PDI distribution, entrapment efficiency of 87.6 ± 2.5%, and drug loading of 13.11 ± 1.38%, displayed dominant efficiency of SNX10 RNA interference in the colon. In both acute and chronic IBD models, SRP-NPs could effectively reduce the loss of mice body weight, relieve the intestinal mucosal damage and inflammatory infiltration, inhibit the expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-23, TNF-α, and down-regulate the expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4. Conclusion Oral nanoparticles of SNX10-shRNA plasmid displayed dominant efficiency of SNX10 RNA interference in the colon and ameliorate mouse colitis via TLR signaling pathway. SNX10 is a new target for IBD treatment and nanoparticles of SNX10-shRNA plasmid might be a promising treatment option for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lian Bao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology & the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qibiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Pharmacology & the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Sun
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengnan Zhao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Shen
- Department of Pharmacology & the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Cheng
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixing Shen
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
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Wang Y, Xie R, Huang L, Tian YN, Lv S, Kong X, Li S. Divergent synthesis of unsymmetrical azobenzenes via Cu-catalyzed C–N coupling. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00945a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Efficient, one-pot, and low-cost metal-catalyzed tandem Chan–Lam coupling/deprotection and Ullmann/Chan–Lam/deprotection reactions to access unsymmetrical azobenzenes are disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Rongrong Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Lingyu Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Ya-Nan Tian
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Shihai Lv
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xiangfei Kong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Shiqing Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
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Qu Z, Wong KY, Moniruzzaman M, Begun J, Santos HA, Hasnain SZ, Kumeria T, McGuckin MA, Popat A. One‐Pot Synthesis of pH‐Responsive Eudragit‐Mesoporous Silica Nanocomposites Enable Colonic Delivery of Glucocorticoids for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Qu
- School of Pharmacy The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4102 Australia
- Immunopathology Group Mater Research Institute –The University of Queensland Translational Research Institute Brisbane QLD 4102 Australia
| | - Kuan Yau Wong
- Immunopathology Group Mater Research Institute –The University of Queensland Translational Research Institute Brisbane QLD 4102 Australia
| | - Md. Moniruzzaman
- School of Pharmacy The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4102 Australia
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group, Mater Research Institute–The University of Queensland Translational Research Institute Brisbane QLD 4102 Australia
| | - Jakob Begun
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group, Mater Research Institute–The University of Queensland Translational Research Institute Brisbane QLD 4102 Australia
- Mater Hospital Brisbane Mater Health Services South Brisbane QLD 4102 Australia
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Helsinki Helsinki FI‐00014 Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE) University of Helsinki Helsinki FI‐00014 Finland
| | - Sumaira Z. Hasnain
- School of Pharmacy The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4102 Australia
- Immunopathology Group Mater Research Institute –The University of Queensland Translational Research Institute Brisbane QLD 4102 Australia
| | - Tushar Kumeria
- School of Pharmacy The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4102 Australia
- Immunopathology Group Mater Research Institute –The University of Queensland Translational Research Institute Brisbane QLD 4102 Australia
| | - Michael A. McGuckin
- Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences the University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Amirali Popat
- School of Pharmacy The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4102 Australia
- Immunopathology Group Mater Research Institute –The University of Queensland Translational Research Institute Brisbane QLD 4102 Australia
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Murray A, Nguyen TM, Parker CE, Feagan BG, MacDonald JK. Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 8:CD000544. [PMID: 32856298 PMCID: PMC8094989 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd000544.pub5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA; also known as mesalazine or mesalamine) preparations were intended to avoid the adverse effects of sulfasalazine (SASP) while maintaining its therapeutic benefits. In an earlier version of this review, we found that 5-ASA drugs were more effective than placebo for maintenance of remission of ulcerative colitis (UC), but had a significant therapeutic inferiority relative to SASP. In this version, we have rerun the search to bring the review up to date. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy, dose-responsiveness, and safety of oral 5-ASA compared to placebo, SASP, or 5-ASA comparators for maintenance of remission in quiescent UC and to compare the efficacy and safety of once-daily dosing of oral 5-ASA with conventional (two or three times daily) dosing regimens. SEARCH METHODS We performed a literature search for studies on 11 June 2019 using MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. In addition, we searched review articles and conference proceedings. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomized controlled trials with a minimum treatment duration of six months. We considered studies of oral 5-ASA therapy for treatment of participants with quiescent UC compared with placebo, SASP, or other 5-ASA formulations. We also included studies that compared once-daily 5-ASA treatment with conventional dosing of 5-ASA and 5-ASA dose-ranging studies. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. The primary outcome was the failure to maintain clinical or endoscopic remission. Secondary outcomes were adherence, adverse events (AE), serious adverse events (SAE), withdrawals due to AEs, and withdrawals or exclusions after entry. Trials were separated into five comparison groups: 5-ASA versus placebo, 5-ASA versus SASP, once-daily dosing versus conventional dosing, 5-ASA (balsalazide, Pentasa, and olsalazine) versus comparator 5-ASA formulation (Asacol and Salofalk), and 5-ASA dose-ranging. We calculated the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each outcome. We analyzed data on an intention-to-treat basis, and used GRADE to assess the overall certainty of the evidence. MAIN RESULTS The search identified 44 studies (9967 participants). Most studies were at low risk of bias. Ten studies were at high risk of bias. Seven of these studies were single-blind and three were open-label. 5-ASA is more effective than placebo for maintenance of clinical or endoscopic remission. About 37% (335/907) of 5-ASA participants relapsed at six to 12 months compared to 55% (355/648) of placebo participants (RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.76; 8 studies, 1555 participants; high-certainty evidence). Adherence to study medication was not reported for this comparison. SAEs were reported in 1% (6/550) of participants in the 5-ASA group compared to 2% (5/276) of participants in the placebo group at six to 12 months (RR 0.60, 95% CI 0.19 to 1.84; 3 studies, 826 participants; low-certainty evidence). There is probably little or no difference in AEs at six to 12 months' follow-up (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.18; 5 studies, 1132 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). SASP is more effective than 5-ASA for maintenance of remission. About 48% (416/871) of 5-ASA participants relapsed at six to 18 months compared to 43% (336/784) of SASP participants (RR 1.14, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.27; 12 studies, 1655 participants; high-certainty evidence). Adherence to study medication and SAEs were not reported for this comparison. There is probably little or no difference in AEs at six to 12 months' follow-up (RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.40; 7 studies, 1138 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). There is little or no difference in clinical or endoscopic remission rates between once-daily and conventionally dosed 5-ASA. About 37% (717/1939) of once-daily participants relapsed over 12 months compared to 39% (770/1971) of conventional-dosing participants (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.01; 10 studies, 3910 participants; high-certainty evidence). There is probably little or no difference in medication adherence rates. About 10% (106/1152) of participants in the once-daily group failed to adhere to their medication regimen compared to 8% (84/1154) of participants in the conventional-dosing group (RR 1.18, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.93; 9 studies, 2306 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). About 3% (41/1587) of participants in the once-daily group experienced a SAE compared to 2% (35/1609) of participants in the conventional-dose group at six to 12 months (RR 1.20, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.87; moderate-certainty evidence). There is little or no difference in the incidence of AEs at six to 13 months' follow-up (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.04; 8 studies, 3497 participants; high-certainty evidence). There may be little or no difference in the efficacy of different 5-ASA formulations. About 44% (158/358) of participants in the 5-ASA group relapsed at six to 18 months compared to 41% (142/349) of participants in the 5-ASA comparator group (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.28; 6 studies, 707 participants; low-certainty evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is high-certainty evidence that 5-ASA is superior to placebo for maintenance therapy in UC. There is high-certainty evidence that 5-ASA is inferior compared to SASP. There is probably little or no difference between 5-ASA and placebo, and 5-ASA and SASP in commonly reported AEs such as flatulence, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, headache, and dyspepsia. Oral 5-ASA administered once daily has a similar benefit and harm profile as conventional dosing for maintenance of remission in quiescent UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair Murray
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | | | | | - Brian G Feagan
- Robarts Clinical Trials, London, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - John K MacDonald
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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Murray A, Nguyen TM, Parker CE, Feagan BG, MacDonald JK. Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 8:CD000543. [PMID: 32786164 PMCID: PMC8189994 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd000543.pub5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) preparations were intended to avoid the adverse effects of sulfasalazine (SASP) while maintaining its therapeutic benefits. It was previously found that 5-ASA drugs in doses of at least 2 g/day were more effective than placebo but no more effective than SASP for inducing remission in ulcerative colitis (UC). This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane Review. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy, dose-responsiveness and safety of oral 5-ASA compared to placebo, SASP, or 5-ASA comparators (i.e. other formulations of 5-ASA) for induction of remission in active UC. A secondary objective was to compare the efficacy and safety of once-daily dosing of oral 5-ASA versus conventional dosing regimens (two or three times daily). SEARCH METHODS We searched MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library on 11 June 2019. We also searched references, conference proceedings and study registers to identify additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We considered randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including adults (aged 18 years or more) with active UC for inclusion. We included studies that compared oral 5-ASA therapy with placebo, SASP, or other 5-ASA formulations. We also included studies that compared once-daily to conventional dosing as well as dose-ranging studies. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Outcomes include failure to induce global/clinical remission, global/clinical improvement, endoscopic remission, endoscopic improvement, adherence, adverse events (AEs), serious adverse events (SAEs), withdrawals due to AEs, and withdrawals or exclusions after entry. We analyzed five comparisons: 5-ASA versus placebo, 5-ASA versus sulfasalazine, once-daily dosing versus conventional dosing, 5-ASA (e.g. MMX mesalamine, Ipocol, Balsalazide, Pentasa, Olsalazine and 5-ASA micropellets) versus comparator 5-ASA (e.g. Asacol, Claversal, Salofalk), and 5-ASA dose-ranging. We calculated the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for each outcome. We analyzed data on an intention-to-treat basis, and used GRADE to assess the overall certainty of the evidence. MAIN RESULTS We include 54 studies (9612 participants). We rated most studies at low risk of bias. Seventy-one per cent (1107/1550) of 5-ASA participants failed to enter clinical remission compared to 83% (695/837) of placebo participants (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.89; 2387 participants, 11 studies; high-certainty evidence). We also observed a dose-response trend for 5-ASA. There was no difference in clinical remission rates between 5-ASA and SASP. Fifty-four per cent (150/279) of 5-ASA participants failed to enter remission compared to 58% (144/247) of SASP participants (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.04; 526 participants, 8 studies; moderate-certainty evidence). There was no difference in remission rates between once-daily dosing and conventional dosing. Sixty per cent (533/881) of once-daily participants failed to enter clinical remission compared to 61% (538/880) of conventionally-dosed participants (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.06; 1761 participants, 5 studies; high-certainty evidence). Eight per cent (15/179) of participants dosed once daily failed to adhere to their medication regimen compared to 6% (11/179) of conventionally-dosed participants (RR 1.36, 95% CI 0.64 to 2.86; 358 participants, 2 studies; low-certainty evidence). There does not appear to be any difference in efficacy among the various 5-ASA formulations. Fifty per cent (507/1022) of participants in the 5-ASA group failed to enter remission compared to 52% (491/946) of participants in the 5-ASA comparator group (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.02; 1968 participants, 11 studies; moderate-certainty evidence). There was no evidence of a difference in the incidence of adverse events and serious adverse events between 5-ASA and placebo, once-daily and conventionally-dosed 5-ASA, and 5-ASA and comparator 5-ASA formulation studies. Common adverse events included flatulence, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, headache and worsening UC. SASP was not as well tolerated as 5-ASA. Twenty-nine per cent (118/411) of SASP participants experienced an AE compared to 15% (72/498) of 5-ASA participants (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.63; 909 participants, 12 studies; moderate-certainty evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is high-certainty evidence that 5-ASA is superior to placebo, and moderate-certainty evidence that 5-ASA is not more effective than SASP. Considering relative costs, a clinical advantage to using oral 5-ASA in place of SASP appears unlikely. High-certainty evidence suggests 5-ASA dosed once daily appears to be as efficacious as conventionally-dosed 5-ASA. There may be little or no difference in efficacy or safety among the various 5-ASA formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair Murray
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | | | | | - Brian G Feagan
- Robarts Clinical Trials, London, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - John K MacDonald
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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Lamb CA, Kennedy NA, Raine T, Hendy PA, Smith PJ, Limdi JK, Hayee B, Lomer MCE, Parkes GC, Selinger C, Barrett KJ, Davies RJ, Bennett C, Gittens S, Dunlop MG, Faiz O, Fraser A, Garrick V, Johnston PD, Parkes M, Sanderson J, Terry H, Gaya DR, Iqbal TH, Taylor SA, Smith M, Brookes M, Hansen R, Hawthorne AB. British Society of Gastroenterology consensus guidelines on the management of inflammatory bowel disease in adults. Gut 2019; 68:s1-s106. [PMID: 31562236 PMCID: PMC6872448 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-318484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1251] [Impact Index Per Article: 250.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are the principal forms of inflammatory bowel disease. Both represent chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, which displays heterogeneity in inflammatory and symptomatic burden between patients and within individuals over time. Optimal management relies on understanding and tailoring evidence-based interventions by clinicians in partnership with patients. This guideline for management of inflammatory bowel disease in adults over 16 years of age was developed by Stakeholders representing UK physicians (British Society of Gastroenterology), surgeons (Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland), specialist nurses (Royal College of Nursing), paediatricians (British Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition), dietitians (British Dietetic Association), radiologists (British Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology), general practitioners (Primary Care Society for Gastroenterology) and patients (Crohn's and Colitis UK). A systematic review of 88 247 publications and a Delphi consensus process involving 81 multidisciplinary clinicians and patients was undertaken to develop 168 evidence- and expert opinion-based recommendations for pharmacological, non-pharmacological and surgical interventions, as well as optimal service delivery in the management of both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Comprehensive up-to-date guidance is provided regarding indications for, initiation and monitoring of immunosuppressive therapies, nutrition interventions, pre-, peri- and postoperative management, as well as structure and function of the multidisciplinary team and integration between primary and secondary care. Twenty research priorities to inform future clinical management are presented, alongside objective measurement of priority importance, determined by 2379 electronic survey responses from individuals living with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, including patients, their families and friends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Andrew Lamb
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nicholas A Kennedy
- Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
- University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Tim Raine
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS FoundationTrust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Philip Anthony Hendy
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Philip J Smith
- Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jimmy K Limdi
- The Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Bu'Hussain Hayee
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- King's College London, London, UK
| | - Miranda C E Lomer
- King's College London, London, UK
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Gareth C Parkes
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Christian Selinger
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
- University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - R Justin Davies
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS FoundationTrust, Cambridge, UK
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cathy Bennett
- Systematic Research Ltd, Quorn, UK
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Malcolm G Dunlop
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Omar Faiz
- Imperial College London, London, UK
- St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, UK
| | - Aileen Fraser
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | - Miles Parkes
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS FoundationTrust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jeremy Sanderson
- King's College London, London, UK
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Daniel R Gaya
- Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tariq H Iqbal
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham NHSFoundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stuart A Taylor
- University College London, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Melissa Smith
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Matthew Brookes
- Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK
- University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Richard Hansen
- Royal Hospital for Children Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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15
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Abstract
Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are the principal forms of inflammatory bowel disease. Both represent chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, which displays heterogeneity in inflammatory and symptomatic burden between patients and within individuals over time. Optimal management relies on understanding and tailoring evidence-based interventions by clinicians in partnership with patients. This guideline for management of inflammatory bowel disease in adults over 16 years of age was developed by Stakeholders representing UK physicians (British Society of Gastroenterology), surgeons (Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland), specialist nurses (Royal College of Nursing), paediatricians (British Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition), dietitians (British Dietetic Association), radiologists (British Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology), general practitioners (Primary Care Society for Gastroenterology) and patients (Crohn's and Colitis UK). A systematic review of 88 247 publications and a Delphi consensus process involving 81 multidisciplinary clinicians and patients was undertaken to develop 168 evidence- and expert opinion-based recommendations for pharmacological, non-pharmacological and surgical interventions, as well as optimal service delivery in the management of both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Comprehensive up-to-date guidance is provided regarding indications for, initiation and monitoring of immunosuppressive therapies, nutrition interventions, pre-, peri- and postoperative management, as well as structure and function of the multidisciplinary team and integration between primary and secondary care. Twenty research priorities to inform future clinical management are presented, alongside objective measurement of priority importance, determined by 2379 electronic survey responses from individuals living with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, including patients, their families and friends.
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Wang J, Yu X, Shi C, Lin D, Li J, Jin H, Chen X, Wang S. Iron and Nitrogen Co‐Doped Mesoporous Carbon‐Based Heterogeneous Catalysts for Selective Reduction of Nitroarenes. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jitao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou University, Wenzhou Zhejiang People's Republic of China 325035
| | - Xiaochun Yu
- College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou University, Wenzhou Zhejiang People's Republic of China 325035
| | - Chongyang Shi
- College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou University, Wenzhou Zhejiang People's Republic of China 325035
| | - Dajie Lin
- College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou University, Wenzhou Zhejiang People's Republic of China 325035
| | - Jun Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou University, Wenzhou Zhejiang People's Republic of China 325035
| | - Huile Jin
- College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou University, Wenzhou Zhejiang People's Republic of China 325035
| | - Xian Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou University, Wenzhou Zhejiang People's Republic of China 325035
| | - Shun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou University, Wenzhou Zhejiang People's Republic of China 325035
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Penteado F, Lopes EF, Alves D, Perin G, Jacob RG, Lenardão EJ. α-Keto Acids: Acylating Agents in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2019; 119:7113-7278. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Penteado
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL - CCQFA - Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eric F. Lopes
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL - CCQFA - Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego Alves
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL - CCQFA - Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Gelson Perin
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL - CCQFA - Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Raquel G. Jacob
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL - CCQFA - Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eder J. Lenardão
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL - CCQFA - Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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18
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A Schiff-Base Modified Pt Nano-Catalyst for Highly Efficient Synthesis of Aromatic Azo Compounds. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9040339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A Schiff-base modified Pt nano-catalyst was prepared via one-pot aldimine condensation and then impregnation-reduction of a platinum precursor, in which the Pt nanoparticles (NPs) with an average size of 2.3 nm were highly dispersed on the support. The as-prepared catalyst exhibited excellent activity and selectivity in the hydrogenation coupling synthesis of aromatic azo compounds from nitroaromatic under mild conditions. The strong metal–support interaction derived from the coordination of nitrogen sites on Schiff-base to Pt NPs enables stabilizing the Pt NPs and achieving the catalytic recyclability. The scheme can also tolerate various functional groups and offer an efficient method for the green synthesis of aromatic azo compounds.
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19
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Andreosso I, Papagni A, Vaghi L. Mechanochemical oxidation of fluorinated anilines to symmetric azobenzenes. J Fluor Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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20
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Mondal B, Mukherjee PS. Cage Encapsulated Gold Nanoparticles as Heterogeneous Photocatalyst for Facile and Selective Reduction of Nitroarenes to Azo Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:12592-12601. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bijnaneswar Mondal
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Lyalin BV, Sigacheva VL, Kokorekin VA, Petrosyan VA. Electrosynthesis of azopyrazoles via the oxidation of N -alkylaminopyrazoles on a NiO(OH) anode in aqueous alkali – A green method for N-N homocoupling. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.05.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Goswami M, de Bruin B. Porphyrin Co(III)-Nitrene Radical Mediated Pathway for Synthesis of o-Aminoazobenzenes. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051052. [PMID: 29723980 PMCID: PMC6102545 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Azobenzenes are versatile compounds with a range of applications, including dyes and pigments, food additives, indicators, radical reaction initiators, molecular switches, etc. In this context, we report a general method for synthesizing o-aminoazobenzenes using the commercially available cobalt(II) tetraphenyl porphyrin [CoII(TPP)]. The net reaction is a formal dimerization of two phenyl azides with concomitant loss of two molecules of dinitrogen. The most commonly used methodology to synthesize azobenzenes is based on the initial diazotization of an aromatic primary amine at low temperatures, which then reacts with an electron rich aromatic nucleophile. As such, this limits the synthesis of azobenzenes with an amine functionality. In contrast, the method we report here relies heavily on the o-amine moiety and retains it in the product. The reaction is metal catalyzed and proceeds through a porphyrin Co(III)-nitrene radical intermediate, which is known to form on activation of organic azides at the cobalt center. The synthesized o-aminoazobenzenes are bathochromatically shifted, as compared to azobenzenes without amine substituents. Based on the crystal structure of one of the products, strong H-bonding between the N-atom of the azo functionality and the H of the NH2 substituent is shown to stabilize the trans isomeric form of the product. The NH2 substituents offers possibilities for further functionalization of the synthesized azo compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Goswami
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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23
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Wang Z, Yin Z, Zhu F, Li Y, Wu XF. Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Cyclization of Azoarenes. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201700679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zechao Wang
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V.; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Zhiping Yin
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V.; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Fengxiang Zhu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V.; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Yahui Li
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V.; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V.; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Xiasha Campus; Hangzhou 310018 P.R. China
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Wang L, Ishida A, Hashidoko Y, Hashimoto M. Dehydrogenation of the NH−NH Bond Triggered by Potassium
tert
‐Butoxide in Liquid Ammonia. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Division of Applied Bioscience Graduate School of Agriculture Hokkaido University Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8589 Japan
| | - Akiko Ishida
- Division of Applied Bioscience Graduate School of Agriculture Hokkaido University Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8589 Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Hashidoko
- Division of Applied Bioscience Graduate School of Agriculture Hokkaido University Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8589 Japan
| | - Makoto Hashimoto
- Division of Applied Bioscience Graduate School of Agriculture Hokkaido University Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8589 Japan
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Wang L, Ishida A, Hashidoko Y, Hashimoto M. Dehydrogenation of the NH-NH Bond Triggered by Potassium tert-Butoxide in Liquid Ammonia. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:870-873. [PMID: 27936299 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel strategy for the dehydrogenation of the NH-NH bond is disclosed using potassium tert-butoxide (tBuOK) in liquid ammonia (NH3 ) under air at room temperature. Its synthetic value is well demonstrated by the highly efficient synthesis of aromatic azo compounds (up to 100 % yield, 3 min), heterocyclic azo compounds, and dehydrazination of phenylhydrazine. The broad application of this strategy and its benefit to chemical biology is proved by a novel, convenient, one-pot synthesis of aliphatic diazirines, which are important photoreactive agents for photoaffinity labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Akiko Ishida
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Hashidoko
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Makoto Hashimoto
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
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Lim W, Wang Y, MacDonald JK, Hanauer S. Aminosalicylates for induction of remission or response in Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 7:CD008870. [PMID: 27372735 PMCID: PMC6457996 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd008870.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Randomized trials investigating the efficacy of aminosalicylates for the treatment of mildly to moderately active Crohn's disease have yielded conflicting results. A systematic review was conducted to critically examine current available data on the efficacy of sulfasalazine and mesalamine for inducing remission or clinical response in these patients. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of aminosalicylates compared to placebo, corticosteroids, and other aminosalicylates (alone or in combination with corticosteroids) for the treatment of mildly to moderately active Crohn's disease. SEARCH METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Library from inception to June 2015 to identify relevant studies. There were no language restrictions. We also searched reference lists from potentially relevant papers and review articles, as well as proceedings from annual meetings (1991-2015) of the American Gastroenterological Association and American College of Gastroenterology. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized controlled trials that evaluated the efficacy of sulfasalazine or mesalamine in the treatment of mildly to moderately active Crohn's disease compared to placebo, corticosteroids, and other aminosalicylates (alone or in combination with corticosteroids) were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Data extraction and assessment of methodological quality was independently performed by the investigators and any disagreement was resolved by discussion and consensus. We assessed methodological quality using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The overall quality of the evidence supporting the outcomes was evaluated using the GRADE criteria. The primary outcome measure was a well defined clinical endpoint of induction of remission or response to treatment. Secondary outcomes included mean Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI) scores, adverse events, serious adverse events and withdrawal due to adverse events. For dichotomous outcomes we calculated the pooled risk ratio (RR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) using a random-effects model. For continuous outcomes we calculated the mean difference (MD) and 95% CI using a random-effects model. Sensitivity analyses based on a fixed-effect model and duration of therapy were conducted where appropriate. MAIN RESULTS Twenty studies (2367 patients) were included. Two studies were judged to be at high risk of bias due to lack of blinding. Eight studies were judged to be at high risk of bias due to incomplete outcomes data (high drop-out rates) and potential selective reporting. The other 10 studies were judged to be at low risk of bias. A non-significant trend in favour of sulfasalazine over placebo for inducing remission was observed, with benefit confined mainly to patients with Crohn's colitis. Forty-five per cent (63/141) of sulfasalazine patients entered remission at 17-18 weeks compared to 29% (43/148) of placebo patients (RR 1.38, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.89, 2 studies). A GRADE analysis rated the overall quality of the evidence supporting this outcome as moderate due to sparse data (106 events). There was no difference between sulfasalazine and placebo in adverse event outcomes. Sulfasalazine was significantly less effective than corticosteroids and inferior to combination therapy with corticosteroids (RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.86, 1 study, 110 patients). Forty-three per cent (55/128) of sulfasalazine patients entered remission at 17 to 18 weeks compared to 60% (79/132) of corticosteroid patients (RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.91; 2 studies, 260 patients). A GRADE analysis rated the overall quality of the evidence supporting this outcome as moderate due to sparse data (134 events). Sulfasalazine patients experienced significantly fewer adverse events than corticosteroid patients (RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.82; 1 study, 159 patients). There was no difference between sulfasalazine and corticosteroids in serious adverse events or withdrawal due to adverse events. Olsalazine was less effective than placebo in a single trial (RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.71; 91 patients). Low dose mesalamine (1 to 2 g/day) was not superior to placebo for induction of remission. Twenty-three per cent (43/185) of low dose mesalamine patients entered remission at week 6 compared to 15% (18/117) of placebo patients (RR = 1.46, 95% CI 0.89 to 2.40; n = 302). A GRADE analysis indicated that the overall quality of the evidence supporting this outcome was low due to risk of bias (incomplete outcome data) and sparse data (61 events). There was no difference between low dose mesalamine and placebo in the proportion of patients who had adverse events (RR 1.33, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.96; 3 studies, 342 patients) or withdrew due to adverse events (RR 1.21, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.95; 3 studies, 342 patients). High dose controlled-release mesalamine (4 g/day) was not superior to placebo, inducing a clinically non significant reduction in CDAI (MD -19.8 points, 95% CI -46.2 to 6.7; 3 studies, 615 patients), and was also inferior to budesonide (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.78; 1 study, 182 patients, GRADE = low). While high dose delayed-release mesalamine (3 to 4.5 g/day) was not superior to placebo for induction of remission (RR 2.02, 95% CI 0.75 to 5.45; 1 study, 38 patients, GRADE = very low), no significant difference in efficacy was found when compared to conventional corticosteroids (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.36; 3 studies, 178 patients, GRADE = moderate) or budesonide (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.05; 1 study, 307 patients, GRADE = moderate). However, these trials were limited by risk of bias (incomplete outcome data) and sparse data (small numbers of events). There was a lack of good quality clinical trials comparing sulfasalazine with other mesalamine formulations. Adverse events that were commonly reported included headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Sulfasalazine is only modestly effective with a trend towards benefit over placebo and is inferior to corticosteroids for the treatment of mildly to moderately active Crohn's disease. Olsalazine and low dose mesalamine (1 to 2 g/day) are not superior to placebo. High dose mesalamine (3.2 to 4 g/day) is not more effective than placebo for inducing response or remission. However, trials assessing the efficacy of high dose mesalamine (4 to 4.5 g/day) compared to budesonide yielded conflicting results and firm conclusions cannot be made. Future large randomized controlled trials are needed to provide definitive evidence on the efficacy of aminosalicylates in active Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wee‐Chian Lim
- Tan Tock Seng HospitalDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology11 Jalan Tan Tock SengSingaporeSingaporeS 308433
| | - Yongjun Wang
- University of Western OntarioSchulich School of Medicine & DentistryLondonONCanada
| | - John K MacDonald
- Robarts Clinical TrialsCochrane IBD Group100 Dundas Street, Suite 200LondonONCanadaN6A 5B6
- University of Western OntarioDepartment of MedicineLondonONCanada
| | - Stephen Hanauer
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine676 N St ClairSuite 1400ChicagoILUSA60611
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Wang Y, Parker CE, Feagan BG, MacDonald JK. Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 2016:CD000544. [PMID: 27158764 PMCID: PMC7045447 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd000544.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral 5-aminosalicylic (5-ASA) preparations were intended to avoid the adverse effects of sulfasalazine (SASP) while maintaining its therapeutic benefits. Previously, it was found that 5-ASA drugs were more effective than placebo but had a statistically significant therapeutic inferiority relative to SASP. This updated review includes more recent studies and evaluates the effectiveness, dose-responsiveness, and safety of 5-ASA preparations used for maintenance of remission in quiescent ulcerative colitis. OBJECTIVES The primary objectives were to assess the efficacy, dose-responsiveness and safety of oral 5-ASA compared to placebo, SASP, or 5-ASA comparators for maintenance of remission in quiescent ulcerative colitis. A secondary objective was to compare the efficacy and safety of once daily dosing of oral 5-ASA with conventional (two or three times daily) dosing regimens. SEARCH METHODS A literature search for relevant studies (inception to 9 July 2015) was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. Review articles and conference proceedings were also searched to identify additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA Studies were accepted for analysis if they were randomized controlled trials with a minimum treatment duration of six months. Studies of oral 5-ASA therapy for treatment of patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis compared with placebo, SASP or other 5-ASA formulations were considered for inclusion. Studies that compared once daily 5-ASA treatment with conventional dosing of 5-ASA and 5-ASA dose ranging studies were also considered for inclusion. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS The primary outcome was the failure to maintain clinical or endoscopic remission. Secondary outcomes included adherence, adverse events, withdrawals due to adverse events, and withdrawals or exclusions after entry. Trials were separated into five comparison groups: 5-ASA versus placebo, 5-ASA versus sulfasalazine, once daily dosing versus conventional dosing, 5-ASA versus comparator 5-ASA formulation, and 5-ASA dose-ranging. Placebo-controlled trials were subgrouped by dosage. Once daily versus conventional dosing studies were subgrouped by formulation. 5-ASA-controlled trials were subgrouped by common 5-ASA comparators (e.g. Asacol and Salofalk). Dose-ranging studies were subgrouped by 5-ASA formulation. We calculated the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for each outcome. Data were analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis. MAIN RESULTS Forty-one studies (8928 patients) were included. The majority of included studies were rated as low risk of bias. Ten studies were rated at high risk of bias. Seven of these studies were single-blind and three studies were open-label. However, two open-label studies and four of the single-blind studies utilized investigator performed endoscopy as an endpoint, which may protect against bias. 5-ASA was significantly superior to placebo for maintenance of clinical or endoscopic remission. Forty-one per cent of 5-ASA patients relapsed compared to 58% of placebo patients (7 studies, 1298 patients; RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.77). There was a trend towards greater efficacy with higher doses of 5-ASA with a statistically significant benefit for the 1 to 1.9 g/day (RR 0.65; 95% CI 0.56 to 0.76) and the > 2 g/day subgroups (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.89). SASP was significantly superior to 5-ASA for maintenance of remission. Forty-eight per cent of 5-ASA patients relapsed compared to 43% of SASP patients (12 studies, 1655 patients; RR 1.14, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.27). A GRADE analysis indicated that the overall quality of the evidence for the primary outcome for the placebo and SASP-controlled studies was high. No statistically significant differences in efficacy or adherence were found between once daily and conventionally dosed 5-ASA. Twenty-nine per cent of once daily patients relapsed over 12 months compared to 31% of conventionally dosed patients (8 studies, 3127 patients; RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.01). Eleven per cent of patients in the once daily group failed to adhere to their medication regimen compared to 9% of patients in the conventional dosing group (6 studies, 1462 patients; RR 1.22, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.64). There does not appear to be any difference in efficacy among the various 5-ASA formulations. Forty-four per cent of patients in the 5-ASA group relapsed compared to 41% of patients in the 5-ASA comparator group (6 studies, 707 patients; RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.28). A pooled analysis of two studies showed no statistically significant difference in efficacy between Balsalazide 6 g and 3 g/day. Twenty-three per cent of patients in the 6 g/day group relapsed compared to 33% of patients in the 3 g/day group (216 patients; RR 0.76; 95% CI 0.45 to 2.79). One study found Balsalazide 4 g to be superior to 2 g/day. Thirty-seven per cent of patients in the 4 g/day Balsalazide group relapsed compared to 55% of patients in the 2 g/day group (133 patients; RR 0.66; 95% CI 0.45 to 0.97). One study found a statistically significant difference between Salofalk granules 3 g and 1.5 g/day. Twenty-five per cent of patients in the Salofalk 3 g/day group relapsed compared to 39% of patients in the 1.5 g/day group (429 patients; RR 0.65; 95% CI 0.49 to 0.86). Common adverse events included flatulence, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, headache, dyspepsia, and nasopharyngitis. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of adverse events between 5-ASA and placebo, 5-ASA and SASP, once daily and conventionally dosed 5-ASA, 5-ASA and comparator 5-ASA formulations and 5-ASA dose ranging studies. The trials that compared 5-ASA and SASP may have been biased in favour of SASP because most trials enrolled patients known to be tolerant to SASP which may have minimized SASP-related adverse events. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS 5-ASA was superior to placebo for maintenance therapy in ulcerative colitis. However, 5-ASA had a statistically significant therapeutic inferiority relative to SASP. Oral 5-ASA administered once daily is as effective and safe as conventional dosing for maintenance of remission in quiescent ulcerative colitis. There does not appear to be any difference in efficacy or safety between the various formulations of 5-ASA. Patients with extensive ulcerative colitis or with frequent relapses may benefit from a higher dose of maintenance therapy. High dose therapy appears to be as safe as low dose and is not associated with a higher incidence of adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Wang
- University of Western OntarioSchulich School of Medicine & DentistryLondonONCanada
| | - Claire E Parker
- Robarts Clinical TrialsCochrane IBD Group100 Dundas Street, Suite 200LondonONCanadaN6A 5B6
| | - Brian G Feagan
- Robarts Clinical TrialsCochrane IBD Group100 Dundas Street, Suite 200LondonONCanadaN6A 5B6
- University of Western OntarioDepartment of MedicineLondonONCanada
- University of Western OntarioDepartment of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsLondonONCanada
| | - John K MacDonald
- Robarts Clinical TrialsCochrane IBD Group100 Dundas Street, Suite 200LondonONCanadaN6A 5B6
- University of Western OntarioDepartment of MedicineLondonONCanada
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Wang Y, Parker CE, Feagan BG, MacDonald JK. Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2016. [PMID: 27158764 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd000544.pub4.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral 5-aminosalicylic (5-ASA) preparations were intended to avoid the adverse effects of sulfasalazine (SASP) while maintaining its therapeutic benefits. Previously, it was found that 5-ASA drugs were more effective than placebo but had a statistically significant therapeutic inferiority relative to SASP. This updated review includes more recent studies and evaluates the effectiveness, dose-responsiveness, and safety of 5-ASA preparations used for maintenance of remission in quiescent ulcerative colitis. OBJECTIVES The primary objectives were to assess the efficacy, dose-responsiveness and safety of oral 5-ASA compared to placebo, SASP, or 5-ASA comparators for maintenance of remission in quiescent ulcerative colitis. A secondary objective was to compare the efficacy and safety of once daily dosing of oral 5-ASA with conventional (two or three times daily) dosing regimens. SEARCH METHODS A literature search for relevant studies (inception to 9 July 2015) was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. Review articles and conference proceedings were also searched to identify additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA Studies were accepted for analysis if they were randomized controlled trials with a minimum treatment duration of six months. Studies of oral 5-ASA therapy for treatment of patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis compared with placebo, SASP or other 5-ASA formulations were considered for inclusion. Studies that compared once daily 5-ASA treatment with conventional dosing of 5-ASA and 5-ASA dose ranging studies were also considered for inclusion. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS The primary outcome was the failure to maintain clinical or endoscopic remission. Secondary outcomes included adherence, adverse events, withdrawals due to adverse events, and withdrawals or exclusions after entry. Trials were separated into five comparison groups: 5-ASA versus placebo, 5-ASA versus sulfasalazine, once daily dosing versus conventional dosing, 5-ASA versus comparator 5-ASA formulation, and 5-ASA dose-ranging. Placebo-controlled trials were subgrouped by dosage. Once daily versus conventional dosing studies were subgrouped by formulation. 5-ASA-controlled trials were subgrouped by common 5-ASA comparators (e.g. Asacol and Salofalk). Dose-ranging studies were subgrouped by 5-ASA formulation. We calculated the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for each outcome. Data were analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis. MAIN RESULTS Forty-one studies (8928 patients) were included. The majority of included studies were rated as low risk of bias. Ten studies were rated at high risk of bias. Seven of these studies were single-blind and three studies were open-label. However, two open-label studies and four of the single-blind studies utilized investigator performed endoscopy as an endpoint, which may protect against bias. 5-ASA was significantly superior to placebo for maintenance of clinical or endoscopic remission. Forty-one per cent of 5-ASA patients relapsed compared to 58% of placebo patients (7 studies, 1298 patients; RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.77). There was a trend towards greater efficacy with higher doses of 5-ASA with a statistically significant benefit for the 1 to 1.9 g/day (RR 0.65; 95% CI 0.56 to 0.76) and the > 2 g/day subgroups (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.89). SASP was significantly superior to 5-ASA for maintenance of remission. Forty-eight per cent of 5-ASA patients relapsed compared to 43% of SASP patients (12 studies, 1655 patients; RR 1.14, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.27). A GRADE analysis indicated that the overall quality of the evidence for the primary outcome for the placebo and SASP-controlled studies was high. No statistically significant differences in efficacy or adherence were found between once daily and conventionally dosed 5-ASA. Twenty-nine per cent of once daily patients relapsed over 12 months compared to 31% of conventionally dosed patients (8 studies, 3127 patients; RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.01). Eleven per cent of patients in the once daily group failed to adhere to their medication regimen compared to 9% of patients in the conventional dosing group (6 studies, 1462 patients; RR 1.22, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.64). There does not appear to be any difference in efficacy among the various 5-ASA formulations. Forty-four per cent of patients in the 5-ASA group relapsed compared to 41% of patients in the 5-ASA comparator group (6 studies, 707 patients; RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.28). A pooled analysis of two studies showed no statistically significant difference in efficacy between Balsalazide 6 g and 3 g/day. Twenty-three per cent of patients in the 6 g/day group relapsed compared to 33% of patients in the 3 g/day group (216 patients; RR 0.76; 95% CI 0.45 to 2.79). One study found Balsalazide 4 g to be superior to 2 g/day. Thirty-seven per cent of patients in the 4 g/day Balsalazide group relapsed compared to 55% of patients in the 2 g/day group (133 patients; RR 0.66; 95% CI 0.45 to 0.97). One study found a statistically significant difference between Salofalk granules 3 g and 1.5 g/day. Twenty-five per cent of patients in the Salofalk 3 g/day group relapsed compared to 39% of patients in the 1.5 g/day group (429 patients; RR 0.65; 95% CI 0.49 to 0.86). Common adverse events included flatulence, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, headache, dyspepsia, and nasopharyngitis. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of adverse events between 5-ASA and placebo, 5-ASA and SASP, once daily and conventionally dosed 5-ASA, 5-ASA and comparator 5-ASA formulations and 5-ASA dose ranging studies. The trials that compared 5-ASA and SASP may have been biased in favour of SASP because most trials enrolled patients known to be tolerant to SASP which may have minimized SASP-related adverse events. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS 5-ASA was superior to placebo for maintenance therapy in ulcerative colitis. However, 5-ASA had a statistically significant therapeutic inferiority relative to SASP. Oral 5-ASA administered once daily is as effective and safe as conventional dosing for maintenance of remission in quiescent ulcerative colitis. There does not appear to be any difference in efficacy or safety between the various formulations of 5-ASA. Patients with extensive ulcerative colitis or with frequent relapses may benefit from a higher dose of maintenance therapy. High dose therapy appears to be as safe as low dose and is not associated with a higher incidence of adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Wang
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Prieto A, Bouyssi D, Monteiro N. Copper-Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation of Hydrazones Leading to the Formation of Quaternary α-Trifluoromethyl Diazenes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201600160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Prieto
- Université Lyon 1; Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires; CPE Lyon; 43, Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Didier Bouyssi
- Université Lyon 1; Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires; CPE Lyon; 43, Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Nuno Monteiro
- Université Lyon 1; Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires; CPE Lyon; 43, Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918 69622 Villeurbanne France
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Wang Y, Parker CE, Bhanji T, Feagan BG, MacDonald JK. Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 4:CD000543. [PMID: 27101467 PMCID: PMC7045743 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd000543.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) preparations were intended to avoid the adverse effects of sulfasalazine (SASP) while maintaining its therapeutic benefits. Previously, it was found that 5-ASA drugs in doses of at least 2 g/day, were more effective than placebo but no more effective than SASP for inducing remission in ulcerative colitis. This updated review includes more recent studies and evaluates the efficacy and safety of 5-ASA preparations used for the treatment of mild to moderately active ulcerative colitis. OBJECTIVES The primary objectives were to assess the efficacy, dose-responsiveness and safety of oral 5-ASA compared to placebo, SASP, or 5-ASA comparators for induction of remission in active ulcerative colitis. A secondary objective of this systematic review was to compare the efficacy and safety of once daily dosing of oral 5-ASA with conventional (two or three times daily) dosing regimens. SEARCH METHODS A computer-assisted literature search for relevant studies (inception to July 9, 2015) was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. Review articles and conference proceedings were also searched to identify additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA Studies were accepted for analysis if they were randomized controlled clinical trials of parallel design, with a minimum treatment duration of four weeks. Studies of oral 5-ASA therapy for treatment of patients with active ulcerative colitis compared with placebo, SASP or other formulations of 5-ASA were considered for inclusion. Studies that compared once daily 5-ASA treatment with conventional dosing of 5-ASA (two or three times daily) and 5-ASA dose ranging studies were also considered for inclusion. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS The outcomes of interest were the failure to induce global/clinical remission, global/clinical improvement, endoscopic remission, endoscopic improvement, adherence, adverse events, withdrawals due to adverse events, and withdrawals or exclusions after entry. Trials were separated into five comparison groups: 5-ASA versus placebo, 5-ASA versus sulfasalazine, once daily dosing versus conventional dosing, 5-ASA versus comparator 5-ASA, and 5-ASA dose-ranging. Placebo-controlled trials were subgrouped by dosage. SASP-controlled trials were subgrouped by 5-ASA/SASP mass ratios. Once daily versus conventional dosing studies were subgrouped by formulation. 5-ASA-controlled trials were subgrouped by common 5-ASA comparators (e.g. Asacol, Claversal, Salofalk and Pentasa). Dose-ranging studies were subgrouped by 5-ASA formulation. We calculated the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for each outcome. Data were analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis. MAIN RESULTS Fifty-three studies (8548 patients) were included. The majority of included studies were rated as low risk of bias. 5-ASA was significantly superior to placebo with regard to all measured outcome variables. Seventy-one per cent of 5-ASA patients failed to enter clinical remission compared to 83% of placebo patients (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.89). A dose-response trend for 5-ASA was also observed. No statistically significant differences in efficacy were found between 5-ASA and SASP. Fifty-four per cent of 5-ASA patients failed to enter remission compared to 58% of SASP patients (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.04). No statistically significant differences in efficacy or adherence were found between once daily and conventionally dosed 5-ASA. Forty-five per cent of once daily patients failed to enter clinical remission compared to 48% of conventionally dosed patients (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.07). Eight per cent of patients dosed once daily failed to adhere to their medication regimen compared to 6% of conventionally dosed patients (RR 1.36, 95% CI 0.64 to 2.86). There does not appear to be any difference in efficacy among the various 5-ASA formulations. Fifty per cent of patients in the 5-ASA group failed to enter remission compared to 52% of patients in the 5-ASA comparator group (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.02). A pooled analysis of 3 studies (n = 1459 patients) studies found no statistically significant difference in clinical improvement between Asacol 4.8 g/day and 2.4 g/day used for the treatment of moderately active ulcerative colitis. Thirty-seven per cent of patients in the 4.8 g/day group failed to improve clinically compared to 41% of patients in the 2.4 g/day group (RR 0.89; 95% CI 0.78 to 1.01). Subgroup analysis indicated that patients with moderate disease may benefit from the higher dose of 4.8 g/day. One study compared (n = 123 patients) Pentasa 4 g/day to 2.25 g/day in patients with moderate disease. Twenty-five per cent of patients in the 4 g/day group failed to improve clinically compared to 57% of patients in the 2.25 g/day group (RR 0.44; 95% CI 0.27 to 0.71). A pooled analysis of two studies comparing MMX mesalamine 4.8 g/day to 2.4 g/day found no statistically significant difference in efficacy (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.29). There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of adverse events between 5-ASA and placebo, once daily and conventionally dosed 5-ASA, 5-ASA and comparator 5-ASA formulation and 5-ASA dose ranging (high dose versus low dose) studies. Common adverse events included flatulence, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, headache and worsening ulcerative colitis. SASP was not as well tolerated as 5-ASA. Twenty-nine percent of SASP patients experienced an adverse event compared to 15% of 5-ASA patients (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.63). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS 5-ASA was superior to placebo and no more effective than SASP. Considering their relative costs, a clinical advantage to using oral 5-ASA in place of SASP appears unlikely. 5-ASA dosed once daily appears to be as efficacious and safe as conventionally dosed 5-ASA. Adherence does not appear to be enhanced by once daily dosing in the clinical trial setting. It is unknown if once daily dosing of 5-ASA improves adherence in a community-based setting. There do not appear to be any differences in efficacy or safety among the various 5-ASA formulations. A daily dosage of 2.4 g appears to be a safe and effective induction therapy for patients with mild to moderately active ulcerative colitis. Patients with moderate disease may benefit from an initial dose of 4.8 g/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Wang
- University of Western OntarioSchulich School of Medicine & DentistryLondonONCanada
| | - Claire E Parker
- Robarts Clinical TrialsCochrane IBD Group100 Dundas Street, Suite 200LondonONCanadaN6A 5B6
| | - Tania Bhanji
- University of Western OntarioInternal MedicineLondonONCanada
| | - Brian G Feagan
- Robarts Clinical TrialsCochrane IBD Group100 Dundas Street, Suite 200LondonONCanadaN6A 5B6
- University of Western OntarioDepartment of MedicineLondonONCanada
- University of Western OntarioDepartment of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsLondonONCanada
| | - John K MacDonald
- Robarts Clinical TrialsCochrane IBD Group100 Dundas Street, Suite 200LondonONCanadaN6A 5B6
- University of Western OntarioDepartment of MedicineLondonONCanada
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Gala E, Reyes MJ, Alvarez-Builla J, Izquierdo ML. Regioselective Synthesis of 2-Amino-5-(or 3-)arylazo-Substituted Pyridines and Pyrazines from Pyridinium N-Aminides. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Lutz TA, Spanner P, Wanner KT. A general approach to substituted diphenyldiazenes. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Dutta B, Biswas S, Sharma V, Savage NO, Alpay SP, Suib SL. Mesoporous Manganese Oxide Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Coupling of Anilines To Aromatic Azo Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:2171-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biswanath Dutta
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA
| | - Sourav Biswas
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA
| | - Vinit Sharma
- Institute of Materials Science University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA
| | - Nancy Ortins Savage
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of New Haven West Haven CT 06516 USA
| | - S. Pamir Alpay
- Institute of Materials Science University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA
| | - Steven L. Suib
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA
- Institute of Materials Science University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA
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Dutta B, Biswas S, Sharma V, Savage NO, Alpay SP, Suib SL. Mesoporous Manganese Oxide Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Coupling of Anilines To Aromatic Azo Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biswanath Dutta
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA
| | - Sourav Biswas
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA
| | - Vinit Sharma
- Institute of Materials Science University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA
| | - Nancy Ortins Savage
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of New Haven West Haven CT 06516 USA
| | - S. Pamir Alpay
- Institute of Materials Science University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA
| | - Steven L. Suib
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA
- Institute of Materials Science University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA
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Zhang C, Jiao N. Copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidative dehydrogenative coupling of anilines leading to aromatic azo compounds using dioxygen as an oxidant. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 49:6174-7. [PMID: 20652918 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201001651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. 38, Beijing 100191, China
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Li HQ, Liu X, Zhang Q, Li SS, Liu YM, He HY, Cao Y. Deoxygenative coupling of nitroarenes for the synthesis of aromatic azo compounds with CO using supported gold catalysts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:11217-20. [PMID: 26077398 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03134f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A facile and efficient catalytic system based on a mesostructured ceria-supported gold (Au/meso-CeO2) catalyst was developed for the synthesis of various aromatic azo compounds by the reductive coupling of the corresponding nitroaromatics, using CO as the sole deoxygenative reagent, under additive-free and mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Qian Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
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Hua S, Marks E, Schneider JJ, Keely S. Advances in oral nano-delivery systems for colon targeted drug delivery in inflammatory bowel disease: selective targeting to diseased versus healthy tissue. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:1117-32. [PMID: 25784453 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Colon targeted drug delivery is an active area of research for local diseases affecting the colon, as it improves the efficacy of therapeutics and enables localized treatment, which reduces systemic toxicity. Targeted delivery of therapeutics to the colon is particularly advantageous for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Advances in oral drug delivery design have significantly improved the bioavailability of drugs to the colon; however in order for a drug to have therapeutic efficacy during disease, considerations must be made for the altered physiology of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that is associated with GI inflammation. Nanotechnology has been used in oral dosage formulation design as strategies to further enhance uptake into diseased tissue within the colon. This review will describe some of the physiological challenges faced by orally administered delivery systems in IBD, the important developments in orally administered nano-delivery systems for colon targeting, and the future advances of this research. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) poses a significant problem for a large number of patients worldwide. Current medical therapy mostly aims at suppressing the active inflammatory episodes. In this review article, the authors described and discussed the various approaches current nano-delivery systems can offer in overcoming the limitations of conventional drug formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hua
- The School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
| | - Ellen Marks
- The School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Gastrointestinal Research Group, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Jennifer J Schneider
- The School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Keely
- The School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Gastrointestinal Research Group, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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Liu D, Mao J, Rong G, Yan H, Zheng Y, Chen J. Concise synthesis of semicarbazides and formylhydrazines via direct addition reaction between aromatic azoarenes and N-substituted formamides. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra17015f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The addition reactions between aromatic azoarenes and N-substituted formamides are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Jincheng Mao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Guangwei Rong
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Hong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Yang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
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Zhang L, Jiang J, Shi W, Xia S, Ni Z, Xiao X. Insights into the hydrogenation mechanism of nitrobenzene to aniline on Pd3/Pt(111): a density functional theory study. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02389k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The hydrogenation mechanism of nitrobenzene to aniline on Pd3/Pt(111) surface preferentially follows the direct route and fits best the Jackson reaction mechanism (mechanism B).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianyang Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310032
- China
| | - Junhui Jiang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310032
- China
| | - Wei Shi
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310032
- China
| | - Shengjie Xia
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310032
- China
| | - Zheming Ni
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310032
- China
| | - Xuechun Xiao
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310032
- China
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Jiang B, Ning Y, Fan W, Tu SJ, Li G. Oxidative dehydrogenative couplings of pyrazol-5-amines selectively forming azopyrroles. J Org Chem 2014; 79:4018-24. [PMID: 24731223 PMCID: PMC4017612 DOI: 10.1021/jo5004967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
New oxidative dehydrogenative couplings of pyrazol-5-amines for the selective synthesis of azopyrrole derivatives have been described. The former reaction simultaneously installs C-I and N-N bonds through iodination and oxidation, whereas the latter involved a copper-catalyzed oxidative coupling process. The resulting iodo-substituted azopyrroles were employed by treatment with various terminal alkynes through Sonogashira cross-coupling leading to new azo compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green
Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Yi Ning
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green
Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Wei Fan
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green
Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Jiang Tu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green
Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Guigen Li
- Institute
of Chemistry & Biomedical Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech
University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
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Kumari S, Shekhar A, Pathak DD. Graphene oxide supported MnO2 nanorods: an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for oxidation of aromatic amines to azo-compounds. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11549j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide supported MnO2 nanorods (GOnc), a composite material, has been synthesized and characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, EDX, BET surface area measurement, FTIR and Raman Spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Kumari
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Indian School of Mines
- Dhanbad-826004, India
| | - Amiya Shekhar
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Indian School of Mines
- Dhanbad-826004, India
| | - Devendra D. Pathak
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Indian School of Mines
- Dhanbad-826004, India
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Bioequivalence for Drug Products Acting Locally Within Gastrointestinal Tract. FDA BIOEQUIVALENCE STANDARDS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1252-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Karaman R. Prodrugs Design Based on Inter- and Intramolecular Chemical Processes. Chem Biol Drug Des 2013; 82:643-68. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafik Karaman
- Bioorganic Chemistry Department; Faculty of Pharmacy; Al-Quds University; P.O. Box 20002 Jerusalem Palestine
- Department of Science; University of Basilicata; Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10 85100 Potenza Italy
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Li ZY, Li DD, Wang GW. Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Ortho Acylation of Azobenzenes with α-Oxocarboxylic Acids. J Org Chem 2013; 78:10414-20. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401794a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yuan Li
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan-Dan Li
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guan-Wu Wang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
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Are there any differences in the efficacy and safety of different formulations of Oral 5-ASA used for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis? evidence from cochrane reviews. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2013; 19:2031-40. [PMID: 23811638 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0b013e3182920108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We systematically reviewed and compared the efficacy and safety of oral mesalamine formulations (sustained release, delayed release, and prodrugs) used for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis. The main objective of this review was to determine if there are any differences in efficacy or safety among the oral 5-ASA drugs. METHODS A literature search in February 2013 identified all applicable randomized trials. Study quality was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria were used to assess the overall quality of the evidence. Studies were subgrouped by common mesalamine comparators for meta-analysis. Studies were pooled for analysis if they compared equimolar doses of oral 5-ASA. RESULTS Seventeen studies that evaluated 2925 patients were identified. The risk of bias was low for most factors, although 1 study was single blind and 3 were open label. No difference was observed between oral 5-ASA and comparator 5-ASA formulations in the proportion of patients with clinical remission (relative risk, 0.94; 95% confidence interval, 0.86-1.02), clinical improvement (relative risk, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.77-1.01), or relapse at 12 months (relative risk, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 0.80-1.28). Subgroup analyses showed no important differences in efficacy. No significant difference was demonstrated in rates of adverse events or withdrawal due to adverse events. CONCLUSIONS There does not seem to be any difference in efficacy or safety among the various formulations of oral 5-ASA. Oral mesalamine is an effective and safe treatment of mild-to-moderate or quiescent ulcerative colitis regardless of the chosen formulation.
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Ma XT, Tian SK. Palladium-Catalyzed Regioselective Halogenation of Aromatic Azo Compounds. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Feagan BG, Macdonald JK. Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 10:CD000544. [PMID: 23076890 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd000544.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral 5-aminosalicylic (5-ASA) preparations were intended to avoid the adverse effects of sulfasalazine (SASP) while maintaining its therapeutic benefits. Previously, it was found that 5-ASA drugs were more effective than placebo but had a statistically significant therapeutic inferiority relative to SASP. This updated review includes more recent studies and evaluates the effectiveness, dose-responsiveness, and safety of 5-ASA preparations used for maintenance of remission in quiescent ulcerative colitis. OBJECTIVES The primary objectives were to assess the efficacy, dose-responsiveness and safety of oral 5-ASA compared to placebo, SASP, or 5-ASA comparators for maintenance of remission in quiescent ulcerative colitis. A secondary objective was to compare the efficacy and safety of once daily dosing of oral 5-ASA with conventional (two or three times daily) dosing regimens. SEARCH METHODS A literature search for relevant studies (inception to January 20, 2012) was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. Review articles and conference proceedings were also searched to identify additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA Studies were accepted for analysis if they were randomized controlled trials with a minimum treatment duration of six months. Studies of oral 5-ASA therapy for treatment of patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis compared with placebo, SASP or other 5-ASA formulations were considered for inclusion. Studies that compared once daily 5-ASA treatment with conventional dosing of 5-ASA and 5-ASA dose ranging studies were also considered for inclusion. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS The primary outcome was the failure to maintain clinical or endoscopic remission. Secondary outcomes included adherence, adverse events, withdrawals due to adverse events, and withdrawals or exclusions after entry. Trials were separated into five comparison groups: 5-ASA versus placebo, 5-ASA versus sulfasalazine, once daily dosing versus conventional dosing, 5-ASA versus comparator 5-ASA formulation, and 5-ASA dose-ranging. Placebo-controlled trials were subgrouped by dosage. Once daily versus conventional dosing studies were subgrouped by formulation. 5-ASA-controlled trials were subgrouped by common 5-ASA comparators (e.g. Asacol and Salofalk). Dose-ranging studies were subgrouped by 5-ASA formulation. We calculated the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for each outcome. Data were analyzed on an intention to treat basis. MAIN RESULTS Thirty-eight studies (8127 patients) were included. The majority of included studies were rated as low risk of bias. Eight studies were rated at high risk of bias. Six of these studies were single-blind and two studies were open-label. However, the two open-label studies and four of the single-blind studies utilized investigator performed endoscopy as an endpoint, which may protect against bias. 5-ASA was significantly superior to placebo for maintenance of clinical or endoscopic remission. Forty-one per cent of 5-ASA patients relapsed compared to 58% of placebo patients (7 studies, 1298 patients; RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.77). There was a trend towards greater efficacy with higher doses of 5-ASA with a statistically significant benefit for the 1 to 1.9 g/day (RR 0.65; 95% CI 0.56 to 0.76) and the > 2 g/day subgroups (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.89). SASP was significantly superior to 5-ASA for maintenance of remission. Forty-eight per cent of 5-ASA patients relapsed compared to 43% of SASP patients (12 studies, 1655 patients; RR 1.14, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.27). A GRADE analysis indicated that the overall quality of the evidence for the primary outcome for the placebo and SASP-controlled studies was high. No statistically significant differences in efficacy or adherence were found between once daily and conventionally dosed 5-ASA. Twenty-nine per cent of once daily patients relapsed over 12 months compared to 31% of conventionally dosed patients (7 studies, 2826 patients; RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.03). Fourteen per cent of patients in the once daily group failed to adhere to their medication regimen compared to 11% of patients in the conventional dosing group (5 studies, 1161 patients; RR 1.21, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.63). There does not appear to be any difference in efficacy among the various 5-ASA formulations. Thirty-eight per cent of patients in the 5-ASA group relapsed compared to 37% of patients in the 5-ASA comparator group (5 studies, 457 patients; RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.28). A pooled analysis of two studies showed no statistically significant difference in efficacy between Balsalazide 6 g and 3 g/day. Twenty-three per cent of patients in the 6 g/day group relapsed compared to 33% of patients in the 3 g/day group (216 patients; RR 0.72; 95% CI 0.46 to 1.13). One study found Balsalazide 4 g to be superior to 2 g/day. Thirty-seven per cent of patients in the 4 g/day Balsalazide group relapsed compared to 55% of patients in the 2 g/day group (133 patients; RR 0.66; 95% CI 0.45 to 0.97). One study found a statistically significant difference between Salofalk granules 3 g and 1.5 g/day. Twenty-five per cent of patients in the Salofalk 3 g/day group relapsed compared to 39% of patients in the 1.5 g/day group (429 patients; RR 0.65; 95% CI 0.49 to 0.86). Common adverse events included flatulence, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, headache, dyspepsia, and nasopharyngitis. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of adverse events between 5-ASA and placebo, 5-ASA and SASP, once daily and conventionally dosed 5-ASA, 5-ASA and comparator 5-ASA formulations and 5-ASA dose ranging studies. The trials that compared 5-ASA and SASP may have been biased in favour of SASP because most trials enrolled patients known to be tolerant to SASP which may have minimized SASP-related adverse events. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS 5-ASA was superior to placebo for maintenance therapy in ulcerative colitis. However, 5-ASA had a statistically significant therapeutic inferiority relative to SASP. Oral 5-ASA administered once daily is as effective and safe as conventional dosing for maintenance of remission in quiescent ulcerative colitis. There does not appear to be any difference in efficacy or safety between the various formulations of 5-ASA. Patients with extensive ulcerative colitis or with frequent relapses may benefit from a higher dose of maintenance therapy. High dose therapy appears to be as safe as low dose and is not associated with a higher incidence of adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Feagan
- Robarts Clinical Trials, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) preparations were intended to avoid the adverse effects of sulfasalazine (SASP) while maintaining its therapeutic benefits. Previously, it was found that 5-ASA drugs in doses of at least 2 g/day, were more effective than placebo but no more effective than SASP for inducing remission in ulcerative colitis. This updated review includes more recent studies and evaluates the efficacy and safety of 5-ASA preparations used for the treatment of mild to moderately active ulcerative colitis. OBJECTIVES The primary objectives were to assess the efficacy, dose-responsiveness and safety of oral 5-ASA compared to placebo, SASP, or 5-ASA comparators for induction of remission in active ulcerative colitis. A secondary objective of this systematic review was to compare the efficacy and safety of once daily dosing of oral 5-ASA with conventional (two or three times daily) dosing regimens. SEARCH METHODS A computer-assisted literature search for relevant studies (inception to January 20, 2012) was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. Review articles and conference proceedings were also searched to identify additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA Studies were accepted for analysis if they were randomized controlled clinical trials of parallel design, with a minimum treatment duration of four weeks. Studies of oral 5-ASA therapy for treatment of patients with active ulcerative colitis compared with placebo, SASP or other formulations of 5-ASA were considered for inclusion. Studies that compared once daily 5-ASA treatment with conventional dosing of 5-ASA (two or three times daily) and 5-ASA dose ranging studies were also considered for inclusion. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS The outcomes of interest were the failure to induce global/clinical remission, global/clinical improvement, endoscopic remission, endoscopic improvement, adherence, adverse events, withdrawals due to adverse events, and withdrawals or exclusions after entry. Trials were separated into five comparison groups: 5-ASA versus placebo, 5-ASA versus sulfasalazine, once daily dosing versus conventional dosing, 5-ASA versus comparator 5-ASA, and 5-ASA dose-ranging. Placebo-controlled trials were subgrouped by dosage. SASP-controlled trials were subgrouped by 5-ASA/SASP mass ratios. Once daily versus conventional dosing studies were subgrouped by formulation. 5-ASA-controlled trials were subgrouped by common 5-ASA comparators (e.g. Asacol, Claversal, Salofalk and Pentasa). Dose-ranging studies were subgrouped by 5-ASA formulation. We calculated the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for each outcome. Data were analyzed on an intention to treat basis. MAIN RESULTS Forty-eight studies (7776 patients) were included. The majority of included studies were rated as low risk of bias. 5-ASA was significantly superior to placebo with regard to all measured outcome variables. Seventy-two per cent of 5-ASA patients failed to enter clinical remission compared to 85% of placebo patients (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.91). A dose-response trend for 5-ASA was also observed. No statistically significant differences in efficacy were found between 5-ASA and SASP. Fifty-four per cent of 5-ASA patients failed to enter remission compared to 58% of SASP patients (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.04). No statistically significant differences in efficacy or adherence were found between once daily and conventionally dosed 5-ASA. Forty-two per cent of once daily patients failed to enter clinical remission compared to 44% of conventionally dosed patients (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.10). Eight per cent of patients dosed once daily failed to adhere to their medication regimen compared to 6% of conventionally dosed patients (RR 1.36, 95% CI 0.64 to 2.86). There does not appear to be any difference in efficacy among the various 5-ASA formulations. Forty-eight per cent of patients in the 5-ASA group failed to enter remission compared to 50% of patients in the 5-ASA comparator group (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.03). A pooled analysis of the ASCEND (I, II and III, n = 1459 patients) studies found no statistically significant difference in clinical improvement between Asacol 4.8 g/day and 2.4 g/day used for the treatment of moderately active ulcerative colitis. Thirty-seven per cent of patients in the 4.8 g/day group failed to improve clinically compared to 41% of patients in the 2.4 g/day group (RR 0.89; 95% CI 0.78 to 1.01). Subgroup analysis indicated that patients with moderate disease may benefit from the higher dose of 4.8 g/day. One study compared (n = 123 patients) Pentasa 4 g/day to 2.25 g/day in patients with moderate disease. Twenty-five per cent of patients in the 4 g/day group failed to improve clinically compared to 57% of patients in the 2.25 g/day group (RR 0.44; 95% CI 0.27 to 0.71). A pooled analysis of two studies comparing MMX mesalamine 4.8 g/day to 2.4 g/day found no statistically significant difference in efficacy (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.29). 5-ASA was generally safe and common adverse events included flatulence, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, headache and worsening ulcerative colitis. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of adverse events between 5-ASA and placebo, once daily and conventionally dosed 5-ASA, 5-ASA and comparator 5-ASA formulation and 5-ASA dose ranging (high dose versus low dose) studies. SASP was not as well tolerated as 5-ASA. Twenty-nine percent of SASP patients experienced an adverse event compared to 15% of 5-ASA patients (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.63). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS 5-ASA was superior to placebo and no more effective than SASP. Considering their relative costs, a clinical advantage to using oral 5-ASA in place of SASP appears unlikely. 5-ASA dosed once daily appears to be as efficacious and safe as conventionally dosed 5-ASA. Adherence does not appear to be enhanced by once daily dosing in the clinical trial setting. It is unknown if once daily dosing of 5-ASA improves adherence in a community-based setting. There do not appear to be any differences in efficacy or safety among the various 5-ASA formulations. A daily dosage of 2.4 g appears to be a safe and effective induction therapy for patients with mild to moderately active ulcerative colitis. Patients with moderate disease may benefit from an initial dose of 4.8 g/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Feagan
- Robarts Clinical Trials, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
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