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Xi Y, Dong W, Qiao L, Han K, Chen W, Wang W. Trends in incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer in Inner Mongolia, 2010-2015. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:2440-2448. [PMID: 32716130 PMCID: PMC7471038 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal cancer is among the leading cancer types in Inner Mongolia. This study aimed to investigate the incidence and mortality rates of esophageal cancer in 2015 and the trends in these rates in the 2010–2015 period in this region. Methods National Colorectal Cancer Roundtable (NCCR) screening methods and criteria were used to extract data from 10 cancer registries stratified by area (urban/rural), sex, and age group. The Chinese standard population in 2000 and Segi's world population were used to calculate age‐standardized rates. The annual percentage change (APC) in these rates was calculated using the Joinpoint Regression Program. Results In 2015, Inner Mongolia had 4324 new cases (4027 male vs. 297 female patients) and 3559 deaths (3300 male vs. 259 female patients) from esophageal cancer. The crude incidence, age‐standardized incidence by Chinese population, age‐standardized incidence by world population, and cumulative incidence were 13.45/100 000, 9.92/100 000, 10.18/100 000, and 1.30%, respectively. The corresponding figures for mortality were 11.32/100 000, 8.35/100 000, 8.53/100 000, and 1.04%. The incidence and mortality increased with age between 40 and 80 years. The rates in rural dwellers, especially men, showed negative APC (−13.25% vs. −11.08%; P < 0.05). Conclusions The incidence and mortality rates of esophageal cancer in Inner Mongolia increased between 2010 and 2015. The rates were higher in men in rural areas, middle‐aged and elderly individuals. Prevention and control programs focused on these groups, in addition to early diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer, are needed to reduce these rates. Key points Significant findings of the study: In Inner Mongolia, incidence and mortality rates of esophageal cancer were higher in urban areas than in rural areas and in men than in women between 2010 and 2015, and in middle‐aged and elderly than in younger people. What this study adds: Prevention and control programs, in addition to early diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer, should be tailored to specifically target men in rural areas and middle‐aged and elderly individuals in order to reduce the incidence and mortality rates of this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Xi
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, China
| | | | - Liying Qiao
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, China
| | - Ke Han
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, China
| | - Wenrui Wang
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, China
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Urbanska AM, Ponnazhagan S, Mozafari M. Pathology, Chemoprevention, and Preclinical Models for Target Validation in Barrett Esophagus. Cancer Res 2018; 78:3747-3754. [PMID: 29959150 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) being the most widespread among gastrointestinal cancers, with an 11-fold increase in the risk of cancer for patients with Barrett esophagus (BE), its prognosis is still poor. There is a critical need to better perceive the biology of cancer progression and identification of specific targets that are the hallmark of BE's progression. This review explores the established animal models of BE, including genetic, surgical and nonsurgical approaches, potential chemoprevention targets, and the reasoning behind their applications to prevent Barrett-related EAC. The key methodological features in the design feasibility of relevant studies are also discussed. Cancer Res; 78(14); 3747-54. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M Urbanska
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Masoud Mozafari
- Bioengineering Research Group, Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), Tehran, Iran. .,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Khaleghian M, Shakoori A, Razavi AE, Azimi C. Relationship of Amplification and Expression of the C-MYC Gene with Survival among Gastric Cancer Patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:7061-9. [PMID: 26514491 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.16.7061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the past decades, the incidence and mortality rate of stomach cancer has demonstrated a great decrease in the world, but it is still one of the most common and fatal cancers especially among men worldwide, including Iran. The MYC proto-oncogene, which is located at 8q24.1, regulates 15% of genes and is activated in 20% of all human tumors. MYC amplification and overexpression of its protein product has been reported in 15-30% of gastric neoplasias. The aim of this investigation was to find the relative efficacy of CISH (chromogenic in situ hybridization) or IHC (immunohistochemistry) in diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer, as well as the relationship of amplification and expression of C-MYC gene with patient survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 102 samples of gastric cancer were collected from patients who had undergone primary surgical resection at the Cancer Institute Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, from July 2009 to March 2014. All samples were randomly selected from those who were diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinomas. CISH and IHC methods were performed on all of them. RESULTS Patients were classified into two groups. The first consisted of stage I and II cases, and the second of stage III and IV. Survival tests for both groups was carried out with referrnce to CISH test reults. Group II (stage III and IV) with CISH+ featured lower survival than those with CISH- (p=0.233), but group I (stage I and II) patients demonstrated no significant variation with CISH+ or CISH- (p=0.630). Kaplan-Meier for both groups was carried out with IHC test findings and showed similar results. This data revealed that both diffuse and intestinal types of gastric cancer occurred significantly more in men than women. Our data also showed that CISH+ patients (43%) were more frequent in comparison with IHC+ patients (14.7%). CONCLUSIONS For planning treatment of gastric cancer patients, by focusing on expanding tumors, which is the greatest concern of the surgeons and patients, CISH is a better and more feasible test than IHC, in regard to sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, CISH can be used as a feasible test for tumor growth and prognosis in stage III and IV lesions. This study also indicated that C-MYC amplification in gastric cancer is correlated with survival in advanced stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihea Khaleghian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iran National Tumor Bank, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran E-mail :
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Gonzalez RS, Riddle ND. Syndrome-Associated Tumors by Organ System. J Pediatr Genet 2016; 5:105-15. [PMID: 27617151 PMCID: PMC4918701 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1580597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Certain tumors suggest the possibility of a patient harboring a genetic syndrome, particularly in children. Syndrome-associated tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract, gynecologic tract, heart, lungs, brain, eye, endocrine organs, and hematopoietic system will be briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul S. Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Nicole D. Riddle
- Department of Pathology, Cunningham Pathology LLC, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
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Khaleghian M, Jahanzad I, Shakoori A, Emami Razavi A, Azimi C. Association Between Amplification and Expression of C-MYC Gene and Clinicopathological Characteristics of Stomach Cancer. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 18:e21221. [PMID: 27175302 PMCID: PMC4863201 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.21221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: The incidence rate of gastric cancer in western countries has shown a remarkable decline in the recent years while it is still the most common cancer among males in Iran. The proto-oncogene MYC, located at 8q24.1, regulates almost 15% of human genes and is activated in 20% of all tumors. The amplification of MYC and overexpression of its protein product are observed in 15 - 30% of gastric neoplasias. Objectives: The objective of this study was to find the preferences of Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization (CISH) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) in diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer. Patients and Methods: We studied 102 samples of gastric cancer in Iran and all the patients had undergone primary surgical resection at the Cancer Institute Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The CISH and IHC techniques were applied for all our samples. All of the samples had adenocarcinoma gastric cancer and were selected randomly. Also, the type of study was cross sectional. The sample size was 100 patients. Results: Our data revealed that both diffuse and intestinal types of gastric cancer occurred significantly more in males than females. Our results showed that there was an indication of some correlation between grades and CISH, although the difference was not significant. Our data also showed that CISH positive patients (43%) were more frequent compared to IHC positive patients (14.7%). There was a correlation between CISH and IHC. These results revealed that there was a significant difference between grades and IHC. There was also no statistical difference between CISH amplification in diffuse and intestinal types. Conclusions: From the results, it could be concluded that for administration of the treatment of stomach cancer, and progress and prognosis of tumor, which is important for patients and clinicians, the CISH is a better and more feasible test than IHC, in regards to sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihea Khaleghian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Issa Jahanzad
- Department of Pathology, Immunohistochemistry Laboratory, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Abbas Shakoori
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Amirnader Emami Razavi
- Department of Pathology, Iran National Tumor Bank, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Cyrus Azimi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Cyrus Azimi, Department of Medical Genetics, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 1419733141, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-2166945120, E-mail:
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Sung H, Yang HH, Zhang H, Yang Q, Hu N, Tang ZZ, Su H, Wang L, Wang C, Ding T, Fan JH, Qiao YL, Wheeler W, Giffen C, Burdett L, Wang Z, Lee MP, Chanock SJ, Dawsey SM, Freedman ND, Abnet CC, Goldstein AM, Yu K, Taylor PR, Hyland PL. Common genetic variants in epigenetic machinery genes and risk of upper gastrointestinal cancers. Int J Epidemiol 2015; 44:1341-52. [PMID: 25921222 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Populations in north central China are at high risk for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and gastric cancer (GC), and genetic variation in epigenetic machinery genes and pathways may contribute to this risk. METHODS We used the adaptive multilocus joint test to analyse 192 epigenetic genes involved in chromatin remodelling, DNA methylation and microRNA biosynthesis in 1942 ESCC and 1758 GC cases [1126 cardia (GCA) and 632 non-cardia adenocarcinoma (GNCA)] and 2111 controls with Chinese ancestry. We examined potential function of risk alleles using in silico and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) analyses. RESULTS Suggestive pathway-based associations were observed for the overall epigenetic (P-value(PATH) = 0.034) and chromatin remodelling (P-value(PATH) = 0.039) pathways with risk of GCA, but not GC, GNCA or ESCC. Overall, 37 different epigenetic machinery genes were associated with risk of one or more upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer sites (P-value(GENE )< 0.05), including 14 chromatin remodelling genes whose products are involved in the regulation of HOX genes. We identified a gastric eQTL (rs12724079; rho = 0.37; P = 0.0006) which regulates mRNA expression of ASH1L. Several suggestive eQTLs were also found in oesophageal (rs10898459 in EED), gastric cardia (rs7157322 in DICER1; rs8179271 in ASH1L), and gastric non-cardia (rs1790733 in PPP1CA) tissues. CONCLUSIONS Results of our analyses provide limited but suggestive evidence for a role of epigenetic gene variation in the aetiology of UGI cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuna Sung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, and
| | - Howard H Yang
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Han Zhang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, and
| | - Qi Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, and
| | - Nan Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, and
| | - Ze-Zhong Tang
- Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Su
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, and
| | - Lemin Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, and
| | - Chaoyu Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, and
| | - Ti Ding
- Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Hu Fan
- Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Lin Qiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Carol Giffen
- Information Management Services, Silver Spring, MD, USA and
| | - Laurie Burdett
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, SAIC-Frederick Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, and Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, SAIC-Frederick Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Maxwell P Lee
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kai Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, and
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Shah AK, Saunders NA, Barbour AP, Hill MM. Early diagnostic biomarkers for esophageal adenocarcinoma--the current state of play. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2013; 22:1185-209. [PMID: 23576690 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is one of the two most common types of esophageal cancer with alarming increase in incidence and very poor prognosis. Aiming to detect EAC early, currently high-risk patients are monitored using an endoscopic-biopsy approach. However, this approach is prone to sampling error and interobserver variability. Diagnostic tissue biomarkers related to genomic and cell-cycle abnormalities have shown promising results, although with current technology these tests are difficult to implement in the screening of high-risk patients for early neoplastic changes. Differential miRNA profiles and aberrant protein glycosylation in tissue samples have been reported to improve performance of existing tissue-based diagnostic biomarkers. In contrast to tissue biomarkers, circulating biomarkers are more amenable to population-screening strategies, due to the ease and low cost of testing. Studies have already shown altered circulating glycans and DNA methylation in BE/EAC, whereas disease-associated changes in circulating miRNA remain to be determined. Future research should focus on identification and validation of these circulating biomarkers in large-scale trials to develop in vitro diagnostic tools to screen population at risk for EAC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Kishorkumar Shah
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute; and School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
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Shimizu M, Zaninotto G, Nagata K, Graham DY, Lauwers GY. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with special reference to its early stage. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2013; 27:171-86. [PMID: 23809239 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The term 'early squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus', which was previously restricted to superficial carcinoma with no lymph node metastasis, now encompasses intramucosal carcinoma regardless of the nodal status. Such lesions are rare in Western countries, where the experience is limited. In recent years, the development and greater use of chromoendoscopy and narrow band imaging (NBI), both of which facilitate the evaluation of mucosal morphology, have played an important role in the detection of early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. In addition, the techniques and indications of endoscopic resection (mucosal resection [EMR] and mucosal dissection [ESD]) are still being refined. In the present article, we will discuss the clinical and pathologic features of esophageal early squamous cell carcinoma, as well as the epidemiology and aetiology of esophageal cancer in general. In addition, we will provide a therapeutic decision tree taking into account endoscopic and surgical modalities as they apply to early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Shimizu
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama International Medical Center, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka City, Saitama 350-1298, Japan.
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Taylor PR, Abnet CC, Dawsey SM. Squamous dysplasia--the precursor lesion for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2013; 22:540-52. [PMID: 23549398 PMCID: PMC3681095 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-1347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) accounts for 80% of all esophageal cancers worldwide, and esophageal squamous dysplasia (ESD) is the only histopathology that predicts the development of ESCC. The prevalence of ESD parallels rates of invasive ESCC and is typically found in 25% or more of adults above the age of 35 years in populations in north central China, where risk for ESCC is among the highest in the world. Results of chemoprevention and early detection studies to prevent progression of ESD suggest that these approaches, coupled with emerging endoscopic therapies, offer promise for the prevention of esophageal cancer mortality in high-risk populations. Future research on ESD and ESCC should focus on finding additional modifiable risk factors and on identifying biomarkers to incorporate into early detection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip R Taylor
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, EPS, 6120 Executive Blvd, Rm 7006, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Wang F, Luo LD, Pan JH, Huang LH, Lv HW, Guo Q, Xu CX, Shen SR. Comparative genomic study of gastric epithelial cells co-cultured with Helicobacter pylori. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:7212-24. [PMID: 23326126 PMCID: PMC3544023 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i48.7212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To identify genes potentially involved in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-induced gastric carcinogenesis.
METHODS: GES-1 cells were co-cultured with H. pylori strains isolated from patients with gastric carcinoma (GC, n = 10) or chronic gastritis (CG, n = 10) for in vitro proliferation and apoptosis assays to identify the most and least virulent strains. These two strains were cagA-genotyped and used for further in vivo carcinogenic virulence assays by infecting Mongolian gerbils for 52 wk, respectively; a broth free of H. pylori was lavaged as control. Genomic profiles of GES-1 cells co-cultured with the most and least virulent strains were determined by microarray analysis. The most differentially expressed genes were further verified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in GES-1 cells infected with the most and least virulent strains, and by immunohistochemistry in H. pylori positive CG, precancerous diseases, and GC biopsy specimens in an independent experiment.
RESULTS: GC-derived H. pylori strains induced a potent proliferative effect in GES-1 cells in co-culture, whereas CG-derived strains did not. The most (from a GC patient) and least (from a CG patient) virulent strains were cagA-positive and negative, respectively. At week 52, CG, atrophy, metaplasia, dysplasia, and GC were observed in 90.0%, 80.0%, 80.0%, 90%, and 60.0%, respectively, of the animals lavaged with the most virulent strain. However, only mild CG was observed in 90% of the animals lavaged with the least virulent strain. On microarray analysis, 800 differentially expressed genes (49 up- and 751 down-regulated), involving those associated with cell cycle regulation, cell apoptosis, cytoskeleton, immune response, and substance and energy metabolisms, were identified in cells co-cultured with the most virulent strain as compared with those co-cultured with the least virulent strain. The six most differentially expressed genes (with a betweenness centrality of 0.1-0.2) were identified among the significant differential gene profile network, including JUN, KRAS, BRCA1, SMAD2, TRAF1, and HDAC6. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses verified that HDAC6 and TRFA1 mRNA expressions were significantly more up-regulated in GES-1 cells co-cultured with the most virulent strain than in those co-cultured with the least virulent strain. Immunohistochemistry of gastric mucosal specimens from H. pylori-positive patients with CG, intestinal metaplasia (IM), dysplasia, and GC showed that moderately positive and strongly positive HDAC6 expression was detected in 21.7% of CG patients, 30.0% of IM patients, 54.5% of dysplasia patients, and 77.8% of GC patients (P < 0.001). The up-regulation of TRAF1 expressions was detected in 34.8%, 53.3%, 72.7%, and 88.9% specimens of CG, IM, dysplasia, and GC, respectively (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: The overexpression of HDAC6 and TRAF1 in GES-1 cells co-cultured with the GC-derived strain and in H. pylori-positive dysplasia and GC suggests that HDAC6 and TRAF1 may be involved in H. pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
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Evans JA, Early DS, Fukami N, Ben-Menachem T, Chandrasekhara V, Chathadi KV, Decker GA, Fanelli RD, Fisher DA, Foley KQ, Hwang JH, Jain R, Jue TL, Khan KM, Lightdale J, Malpas PM, Maple JT, Pasha SF, Saltzman JR, Sharaf RN, Shergill A, Dominitz JA, Cash BD. The role of endoscopy in Barrett's esophagus and other premalignant conditions of the esophagus. Gastrointest Endosc 2012; 76:1087-94. [PMID: 23164510 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Su Z, Gay LJ, Strange A, Palles C, Band G, Whiteman DC, Lescai F, Langford C, Nanji M, Edkins S, van der Winkel A, Levine D, Sasieni P, Bellenguez C, Howarth K, Freeman C, Trudgill N, Tucker AT, Pirinen M, Peppelenbosch MP, van der Laan LJW, Kuipers EJ, Drenth JPH, Peters WH, Reynolds JV, Kelleher DP, McManus R, Grabsch H, Prenen H, Bisschops R, Krishnadath K, Siersema PD, van Baal JWPM, Middleton M, Petty R, Gillies R, Burch N, Bhandari P, Paterson S, Edwards C, Penman I, Vaidya K, Ang Y, Murray I, Patel P, Ye W, Mullins P, Wu AH, Bird NC, Dallal H, Shaheen NJ, Murray LJ, Koss K, Bernstein L, Romero Y, Hardie LJ, Zhang R, Winter H, Corley DA, Panter S, Risch HA, Reid BJ, Sargeant I, Gammon MD, Smart H, Dhar A, McMurtry H, Ali H, Liu G, Casson AG, Chow WH, Rutter M, Tawil A, Morris D, Nwokolo C, Isaacs P, Rodgers C, Ragunath K, MacDonald C, Haigh C, Monk D, Davies G, Wajed S, Johnston D, Gibbons M, Cullen S, Church N, Langley R, Griffin M, Alderson D, Deloukas P, Hunt SE, Gray E, Dronov S, Potter SC, Tashakkori-Ghanbaria A, Anderson M, Brooks C, Blackwell JM, Bramon E, Brown MA, Casas JP, Corvin A, Duncanson A, Markus HS, Mathew CG, Palmer CNA, Plomin R, Rautanen A, Sawcer SJ, Trembath RC, Viswanathan AC, Wood N, Trynka G, Wijmenga C, Cazier JB, Atherfold P, Nicholson AM, Gellatly NL, Glancy D, Cooper SC, Cunningham D, Lind T, Hapeshi J, Ferry D, Rathbone B, Brown J, Love S, Attwood S, MacGregor S, Watson P, Sanders S, Ek W, Harrison RF, Moayyedi P, de Caestecker J, Barr H, Stupka E, Vaughan TL, Peltonen L, Spencer CCA, Tomlinson I, Donnelly P, Jankowski JAZ. Common variants at the MHC locus and at chromosome 16q24.1 predispose to Barrett's esophagus. Nat Genet 2012; 44:1131-6. [PMID: 22961001 PMCID: PMC3459818 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Barrett's esophagus is an increasingly common disease that is strongly associated with reflux of stomach acid and usually a hiatus hernia, and it strongly predisposes to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), a tumor with a very poor prognosis. We report the first genome-wide association study on Barrett's esophagus, comprising 1,852 UK cases and 5,172 UK controls in the discovery stage and 5,986 cases and 12,825 controls in the replication stage. Variants at two loci were associated with disease risk: chromosome 6p21, rs9257809 (Pcombined=4.09×10(-9); odds ratio (OR)=1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.13-1.28), within the major histocompatibility complex locus, and chromosome 16q24, rs9936833 (Pcombined=2.74×10(-10); OR=1.14, 95% CI=1.10-1.19), for which the closest protein-coding gene is FOXF1, which is implicated in esophageal development and structure. We found evidence that many common variants of small effect contribute to genetic susceptibility to Barrett's esophagus and that SNP alleles predisposing to obesity also increase risk for Barrett's esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Su
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
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Abstract
Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a common lesion that predisposes to a highly fatal esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA). There is evidence that BE or parts of its phenotype are genetically predisposed. Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been validated as predisposing to BE but the inherent flaws in the trial sizes, presence of controls and statistical power need circumspect analysis. The current paper links the interleukin 18 cytokine with BE and perhaps EA. Setting aside the issues above there are other issues such as the functional relevance of these SNPs for the association BE. There have been several case control series published indicating other genes. Furthermore, there are some sibling pairs study results with another set of genes identified. Invariably as useful as these studies are the size, scale to answer complex questions (complexity) and potential clinical significance are proportional in genomic studies. The new era of large-scale genome-wide studies in Barrett's and EA is needed. Shortly the first will be published showing two SNPs of significance in 7,838 Barrett's patients.
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Tarlarini C, Penco S, Conio M, Grossi E. Role of XPC, XPD, XRCC1, GSTP genetic polymorphisms and Barrett's esophagus in a cohort of Italian subjects. A neural network analysis. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2012; 5:159-66. [PMID: 22893750 PMCID: PMC3418826 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s32610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barrett's esophagus (BE), a metaplastic premalignant disorder, represents the primary risk factor for the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease and central obesity have been associated with BE and esophageal adenocarcinoma, but relatively little is known about the specific genes that confer susceptibility to BE carcinogenesis. METHODS A total of 74 patients with BE and 67 controls coming from six gastrointestinal Italian units were evaluated for six polymorphisms in four genes: XPC, XPD nucleotide excision repair (NER) genes, XRCC1 (BER gene), and glutathione S-transferase P1. Smoking status was analyzed together with the genetic data. Statistical analysis was performed through Artificial Neural Networks. RESULTS Distributions of sex, smoking history, and polymorphisms among BE cases and controls did not show statistically significant differences. The r-value from linear correlation allowed us to identify possible protective factors as well as possible risk factors. The application of advanced intelligent systems allowed for the selection of a subgroup of nine variables. Artificial Neural Networks applied on the final data set reached mean global accuracy of 60%, reaching as high as 65.88%. CONCLUSION We report here results from an exploratory study. Results from this study failed to find an association among the tested single nucleotide polymorphisms and BE phenotype through classical statistical methods. On the contrary, advanced intelligent systems are really able to handle the disease complexity, not treating the data with reductionist approaches unable to detect multiple genes of smaller effect in predisposing to the disease. IMPACT To detect multiple genes of smaller effects in predisposing individuals to Barrett's esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tarlarini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Genetics, Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Penco
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Genetics, Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: Silvana Penco, Medical Genetics Unit, Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital, P.za Ospedale Maggiore 3, Milano, Italy, Tel +39 026 444 2830, Fax +39 026 444 2783, Email
| | - Massimo Conio
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital, San Remo, Italy
| | - Enzo Grossi
- Medical Department, Bracco Imaging SpA, Milan, Italy
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Menke V, Pot RGJ, Moons LMG, van Zoest KPM, Hansen B, van Dekken H, Siersema PD, Kusters JG, Kuipers EJ. Functional single-nucleotide polymorphism of epidermal growth factor is associated with the development of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. J Hum Genet 2011; 57:26-32. [PMID: 22129558 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2011.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Reflux esophagitis (RO) and Barrett's esophagus (BO) can cause esophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC). The esophageal mucosa in the RO-BO-OAC cascade is chronically exposed to gastro-esophageal reflux. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has an important role in the protection and repair of mucosal damage, and non-physiologic levels are associated with gastrointestinal tumors. The aim is to determine the functional effect of EGF gene polymorphisms on RO, BO and OAC development. A cohort of 871 unrelated Dutch Caucasians consisted of 198 healthy controls, 298 RO patients, 246 BO patients and 129 OAC patients. The frequency of the EGF-production-associated 5'UTR A+61G polymorphism was determined in these four groups. EGF immunohistochemistry was performed on BO biopsies. EGF expression was significantly lower in the G/G genotype compared with the A/G (P=0.008) and A/A (P=0.002) group. The G/G genotype was significantly more prevalent in RO (odds ratios (OR)=2.6; 95% confidence intervals (95% CI): 1.3-5.2), BO (OR=3.0; 95% CI: 1.5-6.2) and OAC (OR=4.1; 95% CI: 1.8-9.7) than in controls. The G allele is associated with reduced EGF expression and increased risk for RO, BO and OAC development. This indicates that reduced mucosal protection resulting from genetically decreased EGF expression enhances esophageal tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivianda Menke
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Malignancies of the upper gastrointestinal tract form a heterogeneous group of cancers characterized by unique epidemiology and biology. Despite these differences, survival for advanced disease remains poor across the panel of diseases, from cancers of the esophagus, stomach, pancreas, and, until recently, even gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Genetic predisposition syndromes associated with these diseases comprise an emerging subset of these diseases that may provide valuable information on cause and etiology. They may provide insight into molecular drivers for the disease, or disease subtypes, and also insights into novel gene/environment interactions. This review summarizes the current understanding of genetic predisposition syndromes of cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
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de Souza CA, Santos ADC, Santos LDC, Carneiro AL. [Hereditary tylosis syndrome and esophagus cancer]. An Bras Dermatol 2010; 84:527-9. [PMID: 20098858 DOI: 10.1590/s0365-05962009000500014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2008] [Accepted: 05/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tylosis palmoplantaris is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by hyperkeratosis of palms and soles. Lesions start during childhood and are more evident in areas of pressure. Familial tylosis palmoplantaris comprises two forms: epidermolytic and non-epidermolytic. Patients with the epidermolytic variant have up to 40% higher chance of developing squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. The association of tylosis palmoplantaris with esophageal cancer is called Howel-Evans syndrome.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review the incidence, risk factors, staging, and diagnosis of esophageal, gastroesophageal junction, and stomach cancers, as well as nursing challenges associated with managing patients with these tumors. DATA SOURCES Published research reports, epidemiologic data, published patient management guidelines, and institution-based clinical tools. CONCLUSION While survival is slowly increasing, morbidity and mortality associated with upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers remain high. Research is needed to identify therapeutic approaches that will effectively decrease tumor burden and minimize physical consequences associated with disease and treatment. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Nurses need to be familiar with risk factors, disease course, and future therapies of UGI cancers to provide education relevant to preventive approaches, assist patients with treatment decision-making, and manage disease and treatment-induced sequela. Early identification and management of postoperative complications and nutritional issues can avoid life-threatening effects.
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di Pietro M, Fitzgerald RC. Barrett’s oesophagus: an ideal model to study cancer genetics. Hum Genet 2009; 126:233-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-009-0665-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Mahon SM. Prevention and Screening of Gastrointestinal Cancers. Semin Oncol Nurs 2009; 25:15-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2008.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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