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Long S, Hamilton PB, Wang C, Li C, Zhao Z, Wu P, Hua L, Wang X, Uddin MM, Xu F. Key role of plankton species and nutrients on biomagnification of PAHs in the micro-food chain: A case study in plateau reservoirs of Guizhou, China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 475:134890. [PMID: 38876023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
There is considerable inconsistency in results pertaining to the biomagnification of PAHs in aquatic systems. Zooplankton specifically play an important role controlling the fate and distribution of organic contaminants up the food chain, particularly in large plateau reservoirs. However, it remains largely unknown how secondary factors affect the magnification of organic compounds in zooplankton. The present study assessed plankton species and nutrients affecting the trophic transfer of PAHs through the micro-food chain in plateau reservoirs, Guizhou Province China. Results show soluble ∑PAHs range from 99.9 - 147.3 ng L-1, and concentrations of ∑PAHs in zooplankton range from 1003.2 - 22441.3, with a mean of 4460.7 ng g-1 dw. Trophic magnification factors (TMFs) > 1 show biomagnifications of PAHs from phytoplankton to zooplankton. The main mechanisms for trophic magnification > 1 are 1) small Copepoda, Cladocera and Rotifera are prey for larger N. schmackeri and P. tunguidus, and 2) the δ15N and TLs of zooplankton are increasing with the increasing nutrients TN, NO3- and CODMn. As a result, log PAHs concentrations in zooplankton are positively correlated with the trophic levels (TLs) of zooplankton, and log BAFs of the PAHs in zooplankton are increasing with increasing TLs and log Kow. Temperature further enhances TMFs and biomagnifications of PAHs as noted by temperature related reductions in δ15N. There are also available soluble PAHs in the water column which are assimilated with increasing phytoplankton biomass within the taxa groups, diatoms, dinoflagellates and chlorophytes. Notable TMFs of PAHs in zooplankton in Guizhou plateau reservoirs are not significantly affected by phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass dilutions. The present study demonstrates the important roles of species selection, nutrients and temperature in the environmental fate of PAHs in freshwaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxing Long
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Eudcation, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Paul B Hamilton
- Canadian Museum of Nature, P.O. Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6P4, Canada
| | - Chaonan Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Eudcation, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Cunlu Li
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Eudcation, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Eudcation, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peizhao Wu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Eudcation, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liting Hua
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Eudcation, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xueru Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Eudcation, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mohammad M Uddin
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Eudcation, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fuliu Xu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Eudcation, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Zhang Z, Bao Y, Fang X, Ruan Y, Rong Y, Yang G. A circumpolar study of surface zooplankton biodiversity of the Southern Ocean based on eDNA metabarcoding. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 255:119183. [PMID: 38768883 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Under pressure from climate change and fishing, the Southern Ocean ecosystems have been changing. Zooplankton plays a vital role in the food web of the Southern Ocean and is crucial for maintaining ecosystem stability. Investigating the circumpolar-scale species composition and biodiversity of zooplankton is crucial for ensuring ecosystem-based conservation and management of the Southern Ocean in a changing climate. Here, we utilized eDNA metabarcoding to assess the biodiversity of zooplankton in the surface seawater surrounding the Antarctica based on samples collected during two expeditions spanning from 2021 to 2022. The main purpose of this paper is to provide more baseline information about circumpolar zooplankton biodiversity based on the emerging eDNA metabarcoding tool. This comprehensive approach led to the identification of over 300 distinct zooplankton species, forming a diverse community dominated by Jellyfish, Mollusca and Polychaete. Surprisingly, common dominant taxonomic groups such as krill and copepods in the Southern Ocean did not show high relative abundance (reads) in surface seawater. The results of redundancy analysis (RDA) and correlation analysis highlighted that water temperature and chlorophyll a had the most significant impact on the reads and diversity of zooplankton. Notably, the influence of water temperature on zooplankton seemed to be primarily indirect, potentially mediated by its effects on primary productivity. Increasing in primary production might lead to lower zooplankton biodiversity in the Southern Ocean in future. This research underscores the effectiveness of eDNA metabarcoding as a valuable tool for monitoring zooplankton diversity in open seas. Given the ongoing changes in temperature, sea ice extent and their impact on primary production, our findings lay a crucial foundation for using eDNA techniques to establish long-term biodiversity monitoring programs across extensive marine ecosystems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishang Zhang
- College of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yongchao Bao
- College of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Xiaoyue Fang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China; College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Yilin Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Yue Rong
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China.
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3
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Wang Y, Cui Z, Ding D, Yang Q, Zhu L, Qu K, Sun J, Wei Y. Environmental forcing of phytoplankton carbon-to-diversity ratio and carbon-to-chlorophyll ratio: A case study in Jiaozhou Bay, the Yellow Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 197:115765. [PMID: 37988882 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The relationships between phytoplankton carbon (C) biomass and diversity (i.e., C-to-H' ratio) and chlorophyll a (i.e., C-to-Chl a ratio) are good indicators of marine ecosystem functioning and stability. Here we conducted four cruises spanning 2 years in Jiaozhou Bay to explore the dynamics of C-to-H' and C-to-Chl a ratios. The results showed that the phytoplankton C biomass and diversity were dominated by diatoms, followed by dinoflagellates. The average C-to-H' ratio ranged from 84.10 to 912.17, with high values occurring in the northern region of the bay. In contrast, the average C-to-Chl a ratio ranged between 15.55 and 89.47, and high values primarily appeared in the northern or northeastern part of the bay. In addition, the redundancy analysis showed that temperature and phosphate (DIP) were significantly correlated with both ratios in most cases, indicating that temperature and DIP may be key factors affecting the dynamics of C-to-H' and C-to-Chl a ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhengguo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongsheng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Keming Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Institute for Advanced Marine Research, China University of Geosciences, Guangzhou 511462, China
| | - Yuqiu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China.
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Guo G, Barabás G, Takimoto G, Bearup D, Fagan WF, Chen D, Liao J. Towards a mechanistic understanding of variation in aquatic food chain length. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:1926-1939. [PMID: 37696523 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Ecologists have long sought to understand variation in food chain length (FCL) among natural ecosystems. Various drivers of FCL, including ecosystem size, resource productivity and disturbance, have been hypothesised. However, when results are aggregated across existing empirical studies from aquatic ecosystems, we observe mixed FCL responses to these drivers. To understand this variability, we develop a unified competition-colonisation framework for complex food webs incorporating all of these drivers. With competition-colonisation tradeoffs among basal species, our model predicts that increasing ecosystem size generally results in a monotonic increase in FCL, while FCL displays non-linear, oscillatory responses to resource productivity or disturbance in large ecosystems featuring little disturbance or high productivity. Interestingly, such complex responses mirror patterns in empirical data. Therefore, this study offers a novel mechanistic explanation for observed variations in aquatic FCL driven by multiple environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanming Guo
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - György Barabás
- Division of Theoretical Biology, Department IFM, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Institute of Evolution, Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gaku Takimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daniel Bearup
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Actuarial Sciences, University of Kent, Parkwood Road, Canterbury, UK
| | - William F Fagan
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Dongdong Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinbao Liao
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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5
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Kim Y, Flinkstrom Z, Candry P, Winkler MKH, Myung J. Resource availability governs polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) accumulation and diversity of methanotrophic enrichments from wetlands. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1210392. [PMID: 37588137 PMCID: PMC10425282 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1210392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquatic environments account for half of global CH4 emissions, with freshwater wetlands being the most significant contributors. These CH4 fluxes can be partially offset by aerobic CH4 oxidation driven by methanotrophs. Additionally, some methanotrophs can convert CH4 into polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), an energy storage molecule as well as a promising bioplastic polymer. In this study, we investigate how PHA-accumulating methanotrophic communities enriched from wetlands were shaped by varying resource availability (i.e., C and N concentrations) at a fixed C/N ratio. Cell yields, PHA accumulation, and community composition were evaluated in high (20% CH4 and 10 mM NH4 +) and low resource (0.2% CH4 and 0.1 mM NH4 +) conditions simulating engineered and environmental settings, respectively. High resource availability decreased C-based cell yields, while N-based cell yields remained stable, suggesting nutrient exchange patterns differed between methanotrophic communities at different resource concentrations. PHA accumulation was only observed in high resource enrichments, producing approximately 12.6% ± 2.4% (m/m) PHA, while PHA in low resource enrichments remained below detection. High resource enrichments were dominated by Methylocystis methanotrophs, while low resource enrichments remained significantly more diverse and contained only a minor population of methanotrophs. This study demonstrates that resource concentration shapes PHA-accumulating methanotrophic communities. Together, this provides useful information to leverage such communities in engineering settings as well as to begin understanding their role in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Zachary Flinkstrom
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Pieter Candry
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Mari-Karoliina H. Winkler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jaewook Myung
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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6
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Wei J, Fontaine L, Valiente N, Dörsch P, Hessen DO, Eiler A. Trajectories of freshwater microbial genomics and greenhouse gas saturation upon glacial retreat. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3234. [PMID: 37270637 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38806-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to climate warming, ice sheets around the world are losing mass, contributing to changes across terrestrial landscapes on decadal time spans. However, landscape repercussions on climate are poorly constrained mostly due to limited knowledge on microbial responses to deglaciation. Here, we reveal the genomic succession from chemolithotrophy to photo- and heterotrophy and increases in methane supersaturation in freshwater lakes upon glacial retreat. Arctic lakes at Svalbard also revealed strong microbial signatures form nutrient fertilization by birds. Although methanotrophs were present and increased along lake chronosequences, methane consumption rates were low even in supersaturated systems. Nitrous oxide oversaturation and genomic information suggest active nitrogen cycling across the entire deglaciated landscape, and in the high Arctic, increasing bird populations serve as major modulators at many sites. Our findings show diverse microbial succession patterns, and trajectories in carbon and nitrogen cycle processes representing a positive feedback loop of deglaciation on climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wei
- Department of Biosciences and Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laurent Fontaine
- Department of Biosciences and Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nicolas Valiente
- Department of Biosciences and Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Center of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Dörsch
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Dag O Hessen
- Department of Biosciences and Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexander Eiler
- Department of Biosciences and Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway.
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Retter A, Haas JC, Birk S, Stumpp C, Hausmann B, Griebler C, Karwautz C. From the Mountain to the Valley: Drivers of Groundwater Prokaryotic Communities along an Alpine River Corridor. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030779. [PMID: 36985351 PMCID: PMC10055094 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Rivers are the “tip of the iceberg”, with the underlying groundwater being the unseen freshwater majority. Microbial community composition and the dynamics of shallow groundwater ecosystems are thus crucial, due to their potential impact on ecosystem processes and functioning. In early summer and late autumn, samples of river water from 14 stations and groundwater from 45 wells were analyzed along a 300 km transect of the Mur River valley, from the Austrian alps to the flats at the Slovenian border. The active and total prokaryotic communities were characterized using high-throughput gene amplicon sequencing. Key physico-chemical parameters and stress indicators were recorded. The dataset was used to challenge ecological concepts and assembly processes in shallow aquifers. The groundwater microbiome is analyzed regarding its composition, change with land use, and difference to the river. Community composition and species turnover differed significantly. At high altitudes, dispersal limitation was the main driver of groundwater community assembly, whereas in the lowland, homogeneous selection explained the larger share. Land use was a key determinant of the groundwater microbiome composition. The alpine region was more diverse and richer in prokaryotic taxa, with some early diverging archaeal lineages being highly abundant. This dataset shows a longitudinal change in prokaryotic communities that is dependent on regional differences affected by geomorphology and land use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Retter
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, 1030 Wien, Austria
| | | | - Steffen Birk
- Institute of Earth Sciences, NAWI Graz Geocenter, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christine Stumpp
- Institute of Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), 1180 Wien, Austria
| | - Bela Hausmann
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, 1030 Wien, Austria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Christian Griebler
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, 1030 Wien, Austria
| | - Clemens Karwautz
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, 1030 Wien, Austria
- Correspondence:
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Kodera SM, Sharma A, Martino C, Dsouza M, Grippo M, Lutz HL, Knight R, Gilbert JA, Negri C, Allard SM. Microbiome response in an urban river system is dominated by seasonality over wastewater treatment upgrades. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2023; 18:10. [PMID: 36805022 PMCID: PMC9938989 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-023-00470-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microorganisms such as coliform-forming bacteria are commonly used to assess freshwater quality for drinking and recreational use. However, such organisms do not exist in isolation; they exist within the context of dynamic, interactive microbial communities which vary through space and time. Elucidating spatiotemporal microbial dynamics is imperative for discriminating robust community changes from ephemeral ecological trends, and for improving our overall understanding of the relationship between microbial communities and ecosystem health. We conducted a seven-year (2013-2019) microbial time-series investigation in the Chicago Area Waterways (CAWS): an urban river system which, in 2016, experienced substantial upgrades to disinfection processes at two wastewater reclamation plants (WRPs) that discharge into the CAWS and improved stormwater capture, to improve river water quality and reduce flooding. Using culture-independent and culture-dependent approaches, we compared CAWS microbial ecology before and after the intervention. RESULTS Examinations of time-resolved beta distances between WRP-adjacent sites showed that community similarity measures were often consistent with the spatial orientation of site locations to one another and to the WRP outfalls. Fecal coliform results suggested that upgrades reduced coliform-associated bacteria in the effluent and the downstream river community. However, examinations of whole community changes through time suggest that the upgrades did little to affect overall riverine community dynamics, which instead were overwhelmingly driven by yearly patterns consistent with seasonality. CONCLUSIONS This study presents a systematic effort to combine 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing with traditional culture-based methods to evaluate the influence of treatment innovations and systems upgrades on the microbiome of the Chicago Area Waterway System, representing the longest and most comprehensive characterization of the microbiome of an urban waterway yet attempted. We found that the systems upgrades were successful in improving specific water quality measures immediately downstream of wastewater outflows. Additionally, we found that the implementation of the water quality improvement measures to the river system did not disrupt the overall dynamics of the downstream microbial community, which remained heavily influenced by seasonal trends. Such results emphasize the dynamic nature of microbiomes in open environmental systems such as the CAWS, but also suggest that the seasonal oscillations remain consistent even when perturbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho M Kodera
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anukriti Sharma
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Cameron Martino
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Mark Grippo
- Environmental Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Holly L Lutz
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jack A Gilbert
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Cristina Negri
- Environmental Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, University of Chicago, Lemont, IL, USA.
| | - Sarah M Allard
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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9
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Hanashiro FTT, De Meester L, Vanhamel M, Mukherjee S, Gianuca AT, Verbeek L, van den Berg E, Souffreau C. Bacterioplankton Assembly Along a Eutrophication Gradient Is Mainly Structured by Environmental Filtering, Including Indirect Effects of Phytoplankton Composition. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 85:400-410. [PMID: 35306576 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-01994-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biotic interactions are suggested to be key factors structuring bacterioplankton community assembly but are rarely included in metacommunity studies. Eutrophication of ponds and lakes provides a useful opportunity to evaluate how bacterioplankton assembly is affected by specific environmental conditions, especially also by biotic interactions with other trophic levels such as phytoplankton and zooplankton. Here, we evaluated the importance of deterministic and stochastic processes on bacterioplankton community assembly in 35 shallow ponds along a eutrophication gradient in Belgium and assessed the direct and indirect effects of phytoplankton and zooplankton community variation on bacterioplankton assembly through a path analysis and network analysis. Environmental filtering by abiotic factors (suspended matter concentration and pH) explained the largest part of the bacterioplankton community variation. Phytoplankton community structure affected bacterioplankton structure through its effect on variation in chlorophyll-a and suspended matter concentration. Bacterioplankton communities were also spatially structured through pH. Overall, our results indicate that environmental variation is a key component driving bacterioplankton assembly along a eutrophication gradient and that indirect biotic interactions can also be important in explaining bacterioplankton community composition. Furthermore, eutrophication led to divergence in community structure and more eutrophic ponds had a higher diversity of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Toshiro T Hanashiro
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution & Conservation, KU Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Luc De Meester
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution & Conservation, KU Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Leibniz Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB), Müggelseedamm 310, 12587, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 1-3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Vanhamel
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution & Conservation, KU Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shinjini Mukherjee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution & Conservation, KU Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Reproductive Genomics, KU Leuven, ON I Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andros T Gianuca
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution & Conservation, KU Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-900, Brazil
| | - Laura Verbeek
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Edwin van den Berg
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution & Conservation, KU Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Caroline Souffreau
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution & Conservation, KU Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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10
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Fernandes-Martins MC, Colman DR, Boyd ES. Relationships between fluid mixing, biodiversity, and chemosynthetic primary productivity in Yellowstone hot springs. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:1022-1040. [PMID: 36651919 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The factors that influence biodiversity and productivity of hydrothermal ecosystems are not well understood. Here we investigate the relationship between fluid mixing, biodiversity, and chemosynthetic primary productivity in three co-localized hot springs (RSW, RSN, and RSE) in Yellowstone National Park that have different geochemistry. All three springs are sourced by reduced hydrothermal fluid, but RSE and RSN receive input of vapour phase gas and oxidized groundwaters, with input of both being substantially higher in RSN. Metagenomic sequencing revealed that communities in RSN were more biodiverse than those of RSE and RSW in all dimensions evaluated. Microcosm activity assays indicate that rates of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) uptake were also higher in RSN than in RSE and RSW. Together, these results suggest that increased mixing of reduced volcanic fluid with oxidized fluids generates additional niche space capable of supporting increasingly biodiverse communities that are more productive. These results provide insight into the factors that generate and maintain chemosynthetic biodiversity in hydrothermal systems and that influence the distribution, abundance, and diversity of microbial life in communities supported by chemosynthesis. These factors may also extend to other ecosystems not supported by photosynthesis, including the vast subterranean biosphere and biospheres beneath ice sheets and glaciers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel R Colman
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Eric S Boyd
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
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11
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Duncan K, Carey-Ewend K, Vaishnava S. Spatial analysis of gut microbiome reveals a distinct ecological niche associated with the mucus layer. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1874815. [PMID: 33567985 PMCID: PMC8253138 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1874815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucus-associated bacterial communities are critical for determining disease pathology and promoting colonization resistance. Yet the key ecological properties of mucus resident communities remain poorly defined. Using an approach that combines in situ hybridization, laser microdissection and 16s rRNA sequencing of spatially distinct regions of the mouse gut lumen, we discovered that a dense microbial community resembling a biofilm is embedded in the mucus layer. The mucus-associated biofilm-like community excluded bacteria belonging to phylum Proteobacteria. Additionally, it was significantly more diverse and consisted of bacterial species that were unique to it. By employing germ-free mice deficient in T and B lymphocytes we found that formation of biofilm-like structure was independent of adaptive immunity. Instead the integrity of biofilm-like community depended on Gram-positive commensals such as Clostridia. Additionally, biofilm-like community in the mucus lost fewer Clostridia and showed smaller bloom of Proteobacteria compared to the lumen upon antibiotic treatment. When subjected to time-restricted feeding biofilm-like structure significantly enhanced in size and showed enrichment of Clostridia. Taken together our work discloses that mucus-associated biofilm-like community represents a specialized community that is structurally and compositionally distinct that excludes aerobic bacteria while enriching for anaerobic bacteria such as Clostridia, exhibits enhanced stability to antibiotic treatment and that can be modulated by dietary changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellyanne Duncan
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Kelly Carey-Ewend
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Shipra Vaishnava
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States,CONTACT Shipra Vaishnava Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, United States
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12
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Lindsay RJ, Jepson A, Butt L, Holder PJ, Smug BJ, Gudelj I. Would that it were so simple: Interactions between multiple traits undermine classical single-trait-based predictions of microbial community function and evolution. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:2775-2795. [PMID: 34453399 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how microbial traits affect the evolution and functioning of microbial communities is fundamental for improving the management of harmful microorganisms, while promoting those that are beneficial. Decades of evolutionary ecology research has focused on examining microbial cooperation, diversity, productivity and virulence but with one crucial limitation. The traits under consideration, such as public good production and resistance to antibiotics or predation, are often assumed to act in isolation. Yet, in reality, multiple traits frequently interact, which can lead to unexpected and undesired outcomes for the health of macroorganisms and ecosystem functioning. This is because many predictions generated in a single-trait context aimed at promoting diversity, reducing virulence or controlling antibiotic resistance can fail for systems where multiple traits interact. Here, we provide a much needed discussion and synthesis of the most recent research to reveal the widespread and diverse nature of multi-trait interactions and their consequences for predicting and controlling microbial community dynamics. Importantly, we argue that synthetic microbial communities and multi-trait mathematical models are powerful tools for managing the beneficial and detrimental impacts of microbial communities, such that past mistakes, like those made regarding the stewardship of antimicrobials, are not repeated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Lindsay
- Biosciences and Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Alys Jepson
- Biosciences and Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Lisa Butt
- Biosciences and Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Philippa J Holder
- Biosciences and Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Bogna J Smug
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ivana Gudelj
- Biosciences and Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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13
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Lehosmaa K, Muotka T, Pirttilä AM, Jaakola I, Rossi PM, Jyväsjärvi J. Bacterial communities at a groundwater-surface water ecotone: gradual change or abrupt transition points along a contamination gradient? Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:6694-6706. [PMID: 34382316 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Microbial communities contribute greatly to groundwater quality, but the impacts of land-use practices on bacteria in groundwaters and groundwater-dependent ecosystems remain poorly known. With 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we assessed bacterial community composition at the groundwater-surface water ecotone of boreal springs impacted by urbanization and agriculture, using spring water nitrate-N as a surrogate of contamination. We also measured the rate of a key ecosystem process, organic matter decomposition. We documented a recurrent pattern across all major bacterial phyla where diversity started to decrease at unexpectedly low nitrate-N concentrations (100-300 μg L-1 ). At 400 NO3 - -N μg L-1 , 25 bacterial exact sequence variants showed a negative response, resulting in a distinct threshold in bacterial community composition. Chthonomonas, Acetobacterales and Hyphomicrobium were the most sensitive taxa, while only three taxa (Duganella, Undibacterium and Thermoanaerobaculaceae) were enriched due to increased contamination. Decomposition rate responded unimodally to increasing nitrate-N concentration, with a peak rate at ~400 NO3 - -N μg L-1 , parallelly with a major shift in bacterial community composition. Our results emphasize the utility of bacterial communities in the assessment of groundwater-dependent ecosystems. They also call for a careful reconsideration of threshold nitrate values for defining groundwater ecosystem health and protecting their microbial biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Lehosmaa
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Timo Muotka
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Anna Maria Pirttilä
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Iikka Jaakola
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Pekka M Rossi
- Water, Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Group, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Jussi Jyväsjärvi
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland
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14
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Liu J, Wang C, Guo Z, Liu Y, Pan K, Xu A, Zhang F, Pan X. Linking soil bacterial diversity to satellite-derived vegetation productivity: a case study in arid and semi-arid desert areas. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:6137-6147. [PMID: 34296506 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Increasing studies have begun to focus on biodiversity-productivity relationships for soil microorganisms through molecular ecology methods. However, most of these studies involve controlled experiments, and whether the relationship remains at large spatial scales is still largely unknown. To unravel this issue, archived desert soils from long-term experiments were analysed using high-throughput sequencing, and satellite-derived vegetation datasets were acquired to quantify productivity. Most of the abundant genera were significantly different between low- and high-productivity conditions, and soil bacterial communities were strongly impacted by productivity. Soil bacterial biodiversity, including observed operational taxonomic units and the Chao1, Shannon, and Faith's PD indexes, increased rapidly with productivity at low levels and then reached a relatively stable state, and similar phenomena were observed at multiple taxonomic ranks and for most of the dominant groups. Furthermore, we discovered that the mechanisms resulting in the observed relationship might be ecosystem resource availability in large-scale regions and species competition in local regions. Collectively, these results enhance our understanding of the linkage between belowground microorganisms and aboveground vegetation in arid and semi-arid areas and confirm the potential value of satellite-derived datasets in research on soil microbial diversity at large spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Changkun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhiying Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 211169, China
| | - Kai Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,National Earth System Science Data Center, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Aiai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xianzhang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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15
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Dolédec S, Simon L, Blemus J, Rigal A, Robin J, Mermillod-Blondin F. Multiple stressors shape invertebrate assemblages and reduce their trophic niche: A case study in a regulated stream. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:145061. [PMID: 33940713 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Few studies have addressed how the diversity of basal resources change with stream regulation and the potential consequences on river biota. We sampled invertebrates above and below a series of dams, over two years, at both downwelling and upwelling zones. In each zone, we recorded the daily temperature and flow variations, estimated the algal development, measured the available resources, and analysed carbon and nitrogen stable isotope compositions of the invertebrate community. The number of hydrological pulses were typically higher below the dams than above the dams especially during high-flow periods whereas the groundwater outlets had minor effects on invertebrate assemblages. Invertebrate abundance, richness and diversity tended to decrease below the dams. Co-inertia analysis showed that flow and temperature variations, and eutrophication explained most of the variance in the invertebrate assemblages, which comprised a higher number of resilient taxa below than above the dams. The proportions of pesticide-sensitive invertebrates were lower below the dams and ovoviviparous and more generalist taxa were prominent. We did not observe the expected CPOM decrease and FPOM increase downstream. Accordingly, the proportions of each functional feeding group were remarkably similar above and below the dams despite the long distance between the sectors (>100 kms). The diversity of basal resources used within assemblages progressively increased downstream above dams. In contrast, the diversity of resources used by organisms below the dams decreased from upstream to downstream suggesting a significant influence of flow regulation on aquatic food webs. Finally, the shorter trophic chains for the invertebrate assemblages below the dams suggests that the effects of stream regulation and eutrophication induced a simplification of food webs. To our knowledge, this study is the first to connect taxonomic and functional trait changes in response to multiple stressors with the associated modifications in isotopic niches within aquatic invertebrate assemblages. CONTEXT Understanding how stream regulation and associated anthropogenic pressures act on aquatic assemblages and trophic niches is necessary to guide management actions. GOAL We aimed to investigate the functional responses (traits and trophic niches) of aquatic invertebrate assemblages to stream regulation and eutrophication. METHODS We used univariate and multivariate analyses to compare the invertebrate assemblages above and below the dams and to assess the contributions of hydrology (including groundwater supplies to the river), temperature and eutrophication to the variability in the composition of invertebrate assemblages. We also considered the relative utilization of a selected set of traits describing invertebrate resilience, resistance and specialization to address the potential functional effects of stream regulation on invertebrate assemblages. Finally, carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses allowed us to characterize the length and width of invertebrate assemblage food webs as related to the availability and diversity of basal resources. RESULTS Invertebrate abundance and richness generally decreased below the dams, with the highest impacts on insect taxa. Co-inertia analysis showed that stream regulation and eutrophication were main drivers of the aquatic invertebrate assemblages. The analysis separated the sites above and below the dams according to flow and temperature variation, whereas eutrophication appeared as a secondary stressor that separated the sites within each sector. Furthermore, the series of dams resulted in (i) a higher proportion of resilient (e.g., multivoltine) and resistant (ovoviviparous) taxa and a majority of generalists in assemblages below dams, (ii) an impact on the classical dynamics of CPOM (decrease) and FPOM (increase) sources from upstream to downstream, and (iii) a reduction in the diversity of resource use and in the trophic chain length of invertebrate assemblages below dams. The cooler and less oxygenated upwelling zones had lower invertebrate abundance; however, contrary to our expectation, the variation in the groundwater supply did not affect the composition of epigean invertebrate assemblages. CONCLUSION This study provides insights about the impacts of flow regime alteration and eutrophication on food webs that may have been caused by regulation of permanent streams. To our knowledge, this is the first to connect taxonomic and functional trait changes in response to multiple stressors with the associated modifications in energy fluxes in aquatic invertebrate assemblages. This study suggests that bed stability, which is associated with a reduction in channel mobility below the dams and with moderate eutrophication, may provide the shelter and resources that can locally favour invertebrate assemblage dynamics and lessen the effects of flow regulation. In addition, the study suggests that the biological trait-based approach and isotope analysis are complementary approaches for addressing ecosystem functioning. The relative utilization of traits indicates the functional potential of aquatic invertebrate assemblages to face multiple stressors whereas isotope analysis is an expression of the actual effect of the stressors on the trophic structure of aquatic invertebrate assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Dolédec
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Laurent Simon
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jérémie Blemus
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Amandine Rigal
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Joël Robin
- Univ Lyon, ISARA, Agroecology and Environment research unit, F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Florian Mermillod-Blondin
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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16
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Stephens BM, Opalk K, Petras D, Liu S, Comstock J, Aluwihare LI, Hansell DA, Carlson CA. Organic Matter Composition at Ocean Station Papa Affects Its Bioavailability, Bacterioplankton Growth Efficiency and the Responding Taxa. FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE 2021; 2021:10.3389/fmars.2020.590273. [PMID: 35004707 PMCID: PMC8740527 DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2020.590273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The bioavailability of organic matter (OM) to marine heterotrophic bacterioplankton is determined by both the chemical composition of OM and the microbial community composition. In the current study, changes in OM bioavailability were identified at Ocean Station Papa as part of the 2018 Export Processes in the Ocean from Remote Sensing (EXPORTS) field study. Removal rates of carbon (C) in controlled experiments were significantly correlated with the initial composition of total hydrolyzable amino acids, and C removal rates were high when the amino acid degradation index suggested a more labile composition. Carbon remineralization rates averaged 0.19 ± 0.08 μmol C L-1 d-1 over 6-10 days while bacterial growth efficiencies averaged 31 ± 7%. Amino acid composition and tandem mass spectrometry analysis of compound classes also revealed transformations to a more degraded OM composition during experiments. There was a log2-fold increase in the relative abundances of 16S rDNA-resolved bacterioplankton taxa in most experiments by members of the Methylophilaceae family (OM43 genus) and KI89A order. Additionally, when OM was more bioavailable, relative abundances increased by at least threefold for the classes Bacteroidetes (Flavobacteriaceae NS2b genus), Alphaproteobacteria (Rhodobacteraceae Sulfitobacter genus), and Gammaproteobacteria (Alteromonadales and Ectothiorhodospiraceae orders). Our data suggest that a diverse group of bacterioplankton was responsible for removing organic carbon and altering the OM composition to a more degraded state. Elevated community diversity, as inferred from the Shannon-Wiener H index, may have contributed to relatively high growth efficiencies by the bacterioplankton. The data presented here shed light on the interconnections between OM bioavailability and key bacterioplankton taxa for the degradation of marine OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M. Stephens
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Keri Opalk
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Daniel Petras
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Shuting Liu
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Jacqueline Comstock
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Lihini I. Aluwihare
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Dennis A. Hansell
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Craig A. Carlson
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
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17
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Wang S, Tang W, Delage E, Gifford S, Whitby H, González AG, Eveillard D, Planquette H, Cassar N. Investigating the microbial ecology of coastal hotspots of marine nitrogen fixation in the western North Atlantic. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5508. [PMID: 33750865 PMCID: PMC7943828 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84969-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Variation in the microbial cycling of nutrients and carbon in the ocean is an emergent property of complex planktonic communities. While recent findings have considerably expanded our understanding of the diversity and distribution of nitrogen (N2) fixing marine diazotrophs, knowledge gaps remain regarding ecological interactions between diazotrophs and other community members. Using quantitative 16S and 18S V4 rDNA amplicon sequencing, we surveyed eukaryotic and prokaryotic microbial communities from samples collected in August 2016 and 2017 across the Western North Atlantic. Leveraging and significantly expanding an earlier published 2015 molecular dataset, we examined microbial community structure and ecological co-occurrence relationships associated with intense hotspots of N2 fixation previously reported at sites off the Southern New England Shelf and Mid-Atlantic Bight. Overall, we observed a negative relationship between eukaryotic diversity and both N2 fixation and net community production (NCP). Maximum N2 fixation rates occurred at sites with high abundances of mixotrophic stramenopiles, notably Chrysophyceae. Network analysis revealed such stramenopiles to be keystone taxa alongside the haptophyte diazotroph host Braarudosphaera bigelowii and chlorophytes. Our findings highlight an intriguing relationship between marine stramenopiles and high N2 fixation coastal sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seaver Wang
- Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Duke University, Grainger Environment Hall, 9 Circuit Drive, Box 90328, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Weiyi Tang
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Erwan Delage
- LS2N, UMR 6004, CNRS, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Scott Gifford
- Department of Marine Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hannah Whitby
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Ecological Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Aridane G González
- Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global (IOCAG), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, ULPGC, Las Palmas, Spain.,Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 13 Plouzané, 29280, Locmaria-Plouzané, France
| | - Damien Eveillard
- LS2N, UMR 6004, CNRS, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Hélène Planquette
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 13 Plouzané, 29280, Locmaria-Plouzané, France
| | - Nicolas Cassar
- Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Duke University, Grainger Environment Hall, 9 Circuit Drive, Box 90328, Durham, NC, 27708, USA. .,Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 13 Plouzané, 29280, Locmaria-Plouzané, France.
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18
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Wang Y, Li G, Shi F, Dong J, Gentekaki E, Zou S, Zhu P, Zhang X, Gong J. Taxonomic Diversity of Pico-/Nanoeukaryotes Is Related to Dissolved Oxygen and Productivity, but Functional Composition Is Shaped by Limiting Nutrients in Eutrophic Coastal Oceans. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:601037. [PMID: 33343542 PMCID: PMC7744618 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.601037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pico-/nanoeukaryotes (P/NEs) comprise both primary producers and bacterial predators, playing important biogeochemical and ecological roles in the marine microbial loop. Besides the difference in size, these small-sized fractions can be distinguished from microplankton by certain functional and ecological traits. Nevertheless, little information is available regarding patterns of their taxonomic and functional diversity and community composition along environmental gradients in coastal marine ecosystems. In this study, we applied high-throughput sequencing of 18S rRNA gene to assess the taxonomic species richness and community composition of P/NEs in surface waters of Bohai Sea and North Yellow Sea, northern China spanning a 600-km distance during summer and winter of 2011. The richness of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) formed a U-shaped relationship with concentration of chlorophyll a (Chl-a, a proxy of primary productivity), but a stronger, negative relationship with concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO). These two factors also significantly co-varied with the OTU-based community composition of P/NEs. The effect of geographic distance on community composition of P/NEs was negligible. Among the three functional groups defined by trophic traits, heterotrophs had the highest OTU richness, which exhibited a U-shaped relationship with both DO and Chl-a. The community of P/NEs was dominated by heterotrophs and mixotrophs in terms of read numbers, which showed a trade-off along the gradient of phosphate, but no significant changes along DO and Chl-a gradients, indicating functional redundancy. Similarly, the proportion of phototrophs was significantly and positively correlated with the concentration of silicate. Our results indicate that taxonomic and functional composition of P/NEs are decoupled on a regional scale, and limiting nutrients are important factors in modulating functional composition of these microorganisms in the studied area. These findings contribute toward gaining a better understanding of how diversity of small eukaryotes and their functions are structured in coastal oceans and the effect of environmental changes on the structuring process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Guihao Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Fei Shi
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Jun Dong
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Eleni Gentekaki
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Songbao Zou
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Jun Gong
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Hofmann R, Uhl J, Hertkorn N, Griebler C. Linkage Between Dissolved Organic Matter Transformation, Bacterial Carbon Production, and Diversity in a Shallow Oligotrophic Aquifer: Results From Flow-Through Sediment Microcosm Experiments. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:543567. [PMID: 33250862 PMCID: PMC7674671 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.543567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquifers are important reservoirs for organic carbon. A fundamental understanding of the role of groundwater ecosystems in carbon cycling, however, is still missing. Using sediment flow-through microcosms, long-term (171d) experiments were conducted to test two scenarios. First, aquifer sediment microbial communities received dissolved organic matter (DOM) at low concentration and typical to groundwater in terms of composition (DOM-1x). Second, sediments received an elevated concentration of DOM originating from soil (DOM-5x). Changes in DOM composition were analyzed via NMR and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). Carbon production, physiological adaptations and biodiversity of groundwater, and sediment prokaryotic communities were monitored by total cell counts, substrate use arrays, and deep amplicon sequencing. The experiments showed that groundwater microbial communities do not react very fast to the sudden availability of labile organic carbon from soil in terms of carbon degradation and biomass production. It took days to weeks for incoming DOM being efficiently degraded and pronounced cell production occurred. Once conditioned, the DOM-1x supplied sediments mineralized 294(±230) μgC L−1sed d−1, 10-times less than the DOM-5x fed sediment communities [2.9(±1.1) mgC L−1sed d−1]. However, the overall biomass carbon production was hardly different in the two treatments with 13.7(±4.8) μgC L−1sed d−1 and 14.3(±3.5) μgC L−1sed d−1, respectively, hinting at a significantly lower carbon use efficiency with higher DOM availability. However, the molecularly more diverse DOM from soil fostered a higher bacterial diversity. Taking the irregular inputs of labile DOM into account, shallow aquifers are assumed to have a low resilience. Lacking a highly active and responsive microbial community, oligotrophic aquifers are at high risk of contamination with organic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Hofmann
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Uhl
- Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Hertkorn
- Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Griebler
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Division of Limnology, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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20
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Erez A, Lopez JG, Weiner BG, Meir Y, Wingreen NS. Nutrient levels and trade-offs control diversity in a serial dilution ecosystem. eLife 2020; 9:e57790. [PMID: 32915132 PMCID: PMC7486120 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities feature an immense diversity of species and this diversity is linked to outcomes ranging from ecosystem stability to medical prognoses. Yet the mechanisms underlying microbial diversity are under debate. While simple resource-competition models don't allow for coexistence of a large number of species, it was recently shown that metabolic trade-offs can allow unlimited diversity. Does this diversity persist with more realistic, intermittent nutrient supply? Here, we demonstrate theoretically that in serial dilution culture, metabolic trade-offs allow for high diversity. When a small amount of nutrient is supplied to each batch, the serial dilution dynamics mimic a chemostat-like steady state. If more nutrient is supplied, community diversity shifts due to an 'early-bird' effect. The interplay of this effect with different environmental factors and diversity-supporting mechanisms leads to a variety of relationships between nutrient supply and diversity, suggesting that real ecosystems may not obey a universal nutrient-diversity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Erez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Jaime G Lopez
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | | | - Yigal Meir
- Department of Physics, Ben Gurion University of the NegevBeershebaIsrael
| | - Ned S Wingreen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
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21
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Mammola S, Amorim IR, Bichuette ME, Borges PAV, Cheeptham N, Cooper SJB, Culver DC, Deharveng L, Eme D, Ferreira RL, Fišer C, Fišer Ž, Fong DW, Griebler C, Jeffery WR, Jugovic J, Kowalko JE, Lilley TM, Malard F, Manenti R, Martínez A, Meierhofer MB, Niemiller ML, Northup DE, Pellegrini TG, Pipan T, Protas M, Reboleira ASPS, Venarsky MP, Wynne JJ, Zagmajster M, Cardoso P. Fundamental research questions in subterranean biology. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:1855-1872. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mammola
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS) University of Helsinki Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13 Helsinki 00100 Finland
- Molecular Ecology Group (MEG) Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council (CNR) Corso Tonolli, 50 Pallanza 28922 Italy
| | - Isabel R. Amorim
- cE3c – Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Faculty of Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, Rua Capitão João d'Àvila Pico da Urze Angra do Heroísmo Azores 9700‐042 Portugal
| | - Maria E. Bichuette
- Laboratory of Subterranean Studies Federal University of São Carlos Rodovia Washington Luís km 235 São Carlos São Paulo 13565‐905 Brazil
| | - Paulo A. V. Borges
- cE3c – Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Faculty of Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, Rua Capitão João d'Àvila Pico da Urze Angra do Heroísmo Azores 9700‐042 Portugal
| | - Naowarat Cheeptham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science Thompson Rivers University 805 TRU Way Kamloops British Columbia Canada
| | - Steven J. B. Cooper
- Evolutionary Biology Unit South Australian Museum North Terrace Adelaide South Australia 5000 Australia
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, and Environment Institute, School of Biological Sciences University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - David C. Culver
- Department of Environmental Science American University 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Washington DC 20016 U.S.A
| | - Louis Deharveng
- UMR7205 – ISYEB Museum national d'Histoire naturelle 45 rue Buffon (CP50) Paris 75005 France
| | - David Eme
- IFREMER Centre Atlantique Unité Ecologie et Modèles pour l'Halieutique Rue de l'Île d'Yeu Nantes 44980 France
| | - Rodrigo Lopes Ferreira
- Center of Studies in Subterranean Biology, Biology Department Federal University of Lavras Campus Universitário Lavras Minas Gerais CEP 37202‐553 Brazil
| | - Cene Fišer
- SubBio Lab, Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana Jamnikarjeva 101, PO BOX 2995 Ljubljana SI‐1000 Slovenia
| | - Žiga Fišer
- SubBio Lab, Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana Jamnikarjeva 101, PO BOX 2995 Ljubljana SI‐1000 Slovenia
| | - Daniel W. Fong
- Department of Biology American University 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Washington DC 20016 U.S.A
| | - Christian Griebler
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Division of Limnology University of Vienna Althanstrasse 14 Vienna 1090 Austria
| | - William R. Jeffery
- Department of Biology University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 U.S.A
| | - Jure Jugovic
- Department of Biodiversity, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies University of Primorska Glagoljaška 8 Koper SI‐6000 Slovenia
| | - Johanna E. Kowalko
- Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College Florida Atlantic University 5353 Parkside Dr Jupiter FL 33458 U.S.A
| | - Thomas M. Lilley
- BatLab Finland, Finnish Museum of Natural History University of Helsinki Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13 Helsinki 00100 Finland
| | - Florian Malard
- UMR5023 Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés Univ. Lyon 1, ENTPE, CNRS, Université de Lyon, Bat. Forel 6 rue Raphaël Dubois Villeurbanne cedex 69622 France
| | - Raoul Manenti
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy Università degli Studi di Milano Via Celoria 26 Milan 20113 Italy
| | - Alejandro Martínez
- Molecular Ecology Group (MEG) Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council (CNR) Corso Tonolli, 50 Pallanza 28922 Italy
| | - Melissa B. Meierhofer
- BatLab Finland, Finnish Museum of Natural History University of Helsinki Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13 Helsinki 00100 Finland
- Department of Rangeland, Wildlife and Fisheries Management Texas A&M University 534 John Kimbrough Blvd. College Station TX 77843 U.S.A
| | - Matthew L. Niemiller
- Department of Biological Sciences The University of Alabama in Huntsville 301 Sparkman Drive NW Huntsville AL 35899 U.S.A
| | - Diana E. Northup
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM 87131‐0001 U.S.A
| | - Thais G. Pellegrini
- Center of Studies in Subterranean Biology, Biology Department Federal University of Lavras Campus Universitário Lavras Minas Gerais CEP 37202‐553 Brazil
| | - Tanja Pipan
- ZRC SAZU Karst Research Institute Novi trg 2 Ljubljana SI‐1000 Slovenia
- UNESCO Chair on Karst Education University of Nova Gorica Vipavska cesta Nova Gorica 5000 Slovenia
| | - Meredith Protas
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Domenicas University of California 50 Acacia Avenue San Rafael CA 94901 U.S.A
| | - Ana Sofia P. S. Reboleira
- Natural History Museum of Denmark University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 15 Copenhagen 2100 Denmark
| | - Michael P. Venarsky
- Australian Rivers Institute Griffith University 170 Kessels Road Nathan Queensland 4111 Australia
| | - J. Judson Wynne
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Adaptable Western Landscapes Northern Arizona University Box 5640 Flagstaff AZ 86011 U.S.A
| | - Maja Zagmajster
- SubBio Lab, Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana Jamnikarjeva 101, PO BOX 2995 Ljubljana SI‐1000 Slovenia
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS) University of Helsinki Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13 Helsinki 00100 Finland
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22
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Ibarbalz FM, Henry N, Brandão MC, Martini S, Busseni G, Byrne H, Coelho LP, Endo H, Gasol JM, Gregory AC, Mahé F, Rigonato J, Royo-Llonch M, Salazar G, Sanz-Sáez I, Scalco E, Soviadan D, Zayed AA, Zingone A, Labadie K, Ferland J, Marec C, Kandels S, Picheral M, Dimier C, Poulain J, Pisarev S, Carmichael M, Pesant S, Babin M, Boss E, Iudicone D, Jaillon O, Acinas SG, Ogata H, Pelletier E, Stemmann L, Sullivan MB, Sunagawa S, Bopp L, de Vargas C, Karp-Boss L, Wincker P, Lombard F, Bowler C, Zinger L. Global Trends in Marine Plankton Diversity across Kingdoms of Life. Cell 2020; 179:1084-1097.e21. [PMID: 31730851 PMCID: PMC6912166 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ocean is home to myriad small planktonic organisms that underpin the functioning of marine ecosystems. However, their spatial patterns of diversity and the underlying drivers remain poorly known, precluding projections of their responses to global changes. Here we investigate the latitudinal gradients and global predictors of plankton diversity across archaea, bacteria, eukaryotes, and major virus clades using both molecular and imaging data from Tara Oceans. We show a decline of diversity for most planktonic groups toward the poles, mainly driven by decreasing ocean temperatures. Projections into the future suggest that severe warming of the surface ocean by the end of the 21st century could lead to tropicalization of the diversity of most planktonic groups in temperate and polar regions. These changes may have multiple consequences for marine ecosystem functioning and services and are expected to be particularly significant in key areas for carbon sequestration, fisheries, and marine conservation. Video Abstract
Most epipelagic planktonic groups exhibit a poleward decline of diversity No latitudinal diversity gradient was observed below the photic zone Temperature emerges as the best predictor of epipelagic plankton diversity Global warming may increase plankton diversity, particularly at high latitudes
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico M Ibarbalz
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Henry
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, AD2M, UMR 7144, 29680 Roscoff, France; Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans GOSEE, 3 rue Michel-Ange, 75016 Paris, France
| | - Manoela C Brandão
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7093, Institut de la Mer de Villefranche-sur-Mer, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Séverine Martini
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7093, Institut de la Mer de Villefranche-sur-Mer, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Greta Busseni
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Hannah Byrne
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, 20 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Luis Pedro Coelho
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hisashi Endo
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Josep M Gasol
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM)-CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49 Barcelona E08003, Spain; Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Ann C Gregory
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Frédéric Mahé
- CIRAD, UMR BGPI, 34398, Montpellier, France; BGPI, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Janaina Rigonato
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Université Évry, Université Paris-Saclay, Évry, France
| | - Marta Royo-Llonch
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM)-CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49 Barcelona E08003, Spain
| | - Guillem Salazar
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Sanz-Sáez
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM)-CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49 Barcelona E08003, Spain
| | - Eleonora Scalco
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Dodji Soviadan
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7093, Institut de la Mer de Villefranche-sur-Mer, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Ahmed A Zayed
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Adriana Zingone
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Karine Labadie
- Genoscope, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, Évry, France
| | - Joannie Ferland
- Takuvik Joint International Laboratory (UMI3376), Université Laval (Canada) - CNRS (France), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Claudie Marec
- Takuvik Joint International Laboratory (UMI3376), Université Laval (Canada) - CNRS (France), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Stefanie Kandels
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Directors' Research European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Picheral
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7093, Institut de la Mer de Villefranche-sur-Mer, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Céline Dimier
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris, 75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7093, Institut de la Mer de Villefranche-sur-Mer, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Julie Poulain
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Université Évry, Université Paris-Saclay, Évry, France
| | - Sergey Pisarev
- Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 36 Nakhimovsky Prosp., 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Margaux Carmichael
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, AD2M, UMR 7144, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Stéphane Pesant
- MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; PANGAEA, Data Publisher for Earth and Environmental Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Marcel Babin
- Takuvik Joint International Laboratory (UMI3376), Université Laval (Canada) - CNRS (France), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Boss
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Daniele Iudicone
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Olivier Jaillon
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans GOSEE, 3 rue Michel-Ange, 75016 Paris, France; Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Université Évry, Université Paris-Saclay, Évry, France
| | - Silvia G Acinas
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM)-CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49 Barcelona E08003, Spain
| | - Hiroyuki Ogata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Eric Pelletier
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans GOSEE, 3 rue Michel-Ange, 75016 Paris, France; Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Université Évry, Université Paris-Saclay, Évry, France
| | - Lars Stemmann
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans GOSEE, 3 rue Michel-Ange, 75016 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7093, Institut de la Mer de Villefranche-sur-Mer, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Matthew B Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shinichi Sunagawa
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Bopp
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans GOSEE, 3 rue Michel-Ange, 75016 Paris, France; LMD/IPSL, ENS, PSL Research University, École Polytechnique, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Colomban de Vargas
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, AD2M, UMR 7144, 29680 Roscoff, France; Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans GOSEE, 3 rue Michel-Ange, 75016 Paris, France
| | - Lee Karp-Boss
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Patrick Wincker
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans GOSEE, 3 rue Michel-Ange, 75016 Paris, France; Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (CEA), CNRS, Université Évry, Université Paris-Saclay, Évry, France
| | - Fabien Lombard
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans GOSEE, 3 rue Michel-Ange, 75016 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7093, Institut de la Mer de Villefranche-sur-Mer, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Chris Bowler
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris, 75005 Paris, France; Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans GOSEE, 3 rue Michel-Ange, 75016 Paris, France.
| | - Lucie Zinger
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris, 75005 Paris, France.
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23
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Jerdan R, Cameron S, Donaldson E, Iungin O, Moshynets OV, Spiers AJ. Community biofilm-formation, stratification and productivity in serially-transferred microcosms. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 367:5989696. [PMID: 33206951 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of O2 gradients in liquid columns by bacterial metabolic activity produces a spatially-structured environment. This produces a high-O2 region at the top that represents an un-occupied niche which could be colonised by biofilm-competent strains. We have used this to develop an experimental model system using soil-wash inocula and a serial-transfer approach to investigate changes in community-based biofilm-formation and productivity. This involved 10 transfers of mixed-community or biofilm-only samples over a total of 10-60 days incubation. In all final-transfer communities the ability to form biofilms was retained, though in longer incubations the build-up of toxic metabolites limited productivity. Measurements of microcosm productivity, biofilm-strength and attachment levels were used to assess community-aggregated traits which showed changes at both the community and individual-strain levels. Final-transfer communities were stratified with strains demonstrating a plastic phenotype when migrating between the high and low-O2 regions. The majority of community productivity came from the O2-depleted region rather than the top of the liquid column. This model system illustrates the complexity we expect to see in natural biofilm-forming communities. The connection between biofilms and the liquid column seen here has important implications for how these structures form and respond to selective pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Jerdan
- School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Bell Street, Dundee, DD1 1HG, UK
| | - Scott Cameron
- School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Bell Street, Dundee, DD1 1HG, UK
| | - Emily Donaldson
- School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Bell Street, Dundee, DD1 1HG, UK
| | - Olga Iungin
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, IMBG - '150 Zabolotnogo Street, Kiev 03143', Ukraine.,Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, Tech & Design - 'Nemyrovycha-Danchenka Steet, Kiev 01011', Ukraine
| | - Olena V Moshynets
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, IMBG - '150 Zabolotnogo Street, Kiev 03143', Ukraine
| | - Andrew J Spiers
- School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Bell Street, Dundee, DD1 1HG, UK
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24
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Voisin J, Cournoyer B, Marjolet L, Vienney A, Mermillod-Blondin F. Ecological assessment of groundwater ecosystems disturbed by recharge systems using organic matter quality, biofilm characteristics, and bacterial diversity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:3295-3308. [PMID: 31838704 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06971-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recharge of aquifers by urban stormwater may trigger significant ecological changes that can be detrimental to the biodiversity and functioning of groundwater ecosystems. Here, the effects of aquifer recharge (AR) on three levels of parameters were investigated: dissolved organic carbon (DOC) quantity and quality, global biofilm characteristics, and diversity changes of bacterial communities. As DOC enrichment by AR can be mitigated by vadose zone (VZ) thickness, three AR sites with thin VZ (< 3 m) and three sites with thick VZ (> 10 m) were selected. For each AR site, clay beads were incubated over a 10-day-long rainy period through wells in recharged and non-recharged groundwaters. Total proteins, dehydrogenase, and hydrolytic activities were monitored from clay beads to assess biofilm development. Bacterial richness on beads was estimated by 16S rRNA-based metabarcoding. AR was found to significantly increase DOC and biodegradable DOC (BDOC) concentrations, biofilm development, and bacterial richness especially in sites with thin VZ. VZ thickness was inversely related to microbial growth indicators and bacterial richness in groundwater, through a control of DOC availability. The proportion of Bacteroidetes 16S rRNA gene reads was higher in recharged groundwater than in non-recharged groundwater, suggesting that this phylum could be used as an indicator of DOC enrichment associated with AR. Quantitative PCR assays for Bacteroides DNA confirmed these trends and showed an enrichment of this bacterial group in DOC-rich aquifer waters. The positive linear relationships between BDOC concentrations and biofilm variables highlighted a strong C-limitation of groundwater impacting bacterial species sorting and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Voisin
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023, Laboratoire d'Écologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), 69622, Villeurbanne, France
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, VetAgro Sup, CNRS, UMR5557, INRA UMR1418, Laboratoire d'Écologie Microbienne (LEM), Research Team "Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment", 69280, Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Benoit Cournoyer
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, VetAgro Sup, CNRS, UMR5557, INRA UMR1418, Laboratoire d'Écologie Microbienne (LEM), Research Team "Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment", 69280, Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Laurence Marjolet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, VetAgro Sup, CNRS, UMR5557, INRA UMR1418, Laboratoire d'Écologie Microbienne (LEM), Research Team "Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment", 69280, Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Antonin Vienney
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023, Laboratoire d'Écologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Florian Mermillod-Blondin
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023, Laboratoire d'Écologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), 69622, Villeurbanne, France.
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25
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Virta L, Gammal J, Järnström M, Bernard G, Soininen J, Norkko J, Norkko A. The diversity of benthic diatoms affects ecosystem productivity in heterogeneous coastal environments. Ecology 2019; 100:e02765. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leena Virta
- Department of Geosciences and Geography University of Helsinki PO Box 64 FIN‐00014 Helsinki Finland
- Tvärminne Zoological Station University of Helsinki J.A. Palméns väg 260 FI‐10900 Hangö Finland
| | - Johanna Gammal
- Tvärminne Zoological Station University of Helsinki J.A. Palméns väg 260 FI‐10900 Hangö Finland
| | - Marie Järnström
- Environmental and Marine Biology Åbo Akademi University Artillerigatan 6 20520 Åbo Finland
| | | | - Janne Soininen
- Department of Geosciences and Geography University of Helsinki PO Box 64 FIN‐00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Joanna Norkko
- Tvärminne Zoological Station University of Helsinki J.A. Palméns väg 260 FI‐10900 Hangö Finland
| | - Alf Norkko
- Tvärminne Zoological Station University of Helsinki J.A. Palméns väg 260 FI‐10900 Hangö Finland
- Baltic Sea Centre Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
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26
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Geyer KM, Barrett JE. Unimodal productivity–diversity relationships among bacterial communities in a simple polar soil ecosystem. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:2523-2532. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Geyer
- Department of Natural Resources and the EnvironmentUniversity of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire USA
- Department of Biological SciencesVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia USA
| | - John E. Barrett
- Department of Biological SciencesVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia USA
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27
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Muscarella ME, Boot CM, Broeckling CD, Lennon JT. Resource heterogeneity structures aquatic bacterial communities. ISME JOURNAL 2019; 13:2183-2195. [PMID: 31053829 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0427-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms are strongly influenced by the bottom-up effects of resource supply. While many species respond to fluctuations in the concentration of resources, microbial diversity may also be affected by the heterogeneity of the resource pool, which often reflects a mixture of distinct molecules. To test this hypothesis, we examined resource-diversity relationships for bacterioplankton in a set of north temperate lakes that varied in their concentration and composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM), which is an important resource for heterotrophic bacteria. Using 16S rRNA transcript sequencing and ecosystem metabolomics, we documented strong relationships between bacterial alpha-diversity (richness and evenness) and the bulk concentration and the number of molecules in the DOM pool. Similarly, bacterial community beta-diversity was related to both DOM concentration and composition. However, in some lakes the relative abundance of resource generalists, which was inversely related to the DOM concentration, may have reduced the effect of DOM heterogeneity on community composition. Together, our results demonstrate the potential metabolic interactions between bacteria and organic matter and suggest that changes in organic matter composition may alter the structure and function of bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario E Muscarella
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801, USA.,Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Claudia M Boot
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80523, CO, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80523, CO, USA
| | - Corey D Broeckling
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80523, CO, USA
| | - Jay T Lennon
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
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28
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Erkosar B, Yashiro E, Zajitschek F, Friberg U, Maklakov AA, van der Meer JR, Kawecki TJ. Host diet mediates a negative relationship between abundance and diversity of Drosophila gut microbiota. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:9491-9502. [PMID: 30377517 PMCID: PMC6194258 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrient supply to ecosystems has major effects on ecological diversity, but it is unclear to what degree the shape of this relationship is general versus dependent on the specific environment or community. Although the diet composition in terms of the source or proportions of different nutrient types is known to affect gut microbiota composition, the relationship between the quantity of nutrients supplied and the abundance and diversity of the intestinal microbial community remains to be elucidated. Here, we address this relationship using replicate populations of Drosophila melanogaster maintained over multiple generations on three diets differing in the concentration of yeast (the only source of most nutrients). While a 6.5-fold increase in yeast concentration led to a 100-fold increase in the total abundance of gut microbes, it caused a major decrease in their alpha diversity (by 45-60% depending on the diversity measure). This was accompanied by only minor shifts in the taxonomic affiliation of the most common operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Thus, nutrient concentration in host diet mediates a strong negative relationship between the nutrient abundance and microbial diversity in the Drosophila gut ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berra Erkosar
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
- Department of Fundamental MicrobiologyUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Erika Yashiro
- Department of Fundamental MicrobiologyUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Felix Zajitschek
- Department of Animal EcologyEvolutionary Biology CentreUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
- Evolution and Ecology Research CenterSchool of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Urban Friberg
- IFM BiologyAVIAN Behavioural Genomics and Physiology GroupLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Alexei A. Maklakov
- Department of Animal EcologyEvolutionary Biology CentreUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Jan R. van der Meer
- Department of Fundamental MicrobiologyUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Tadeusz J. Kawecki
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
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29
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Våge S, Bratbak G, Egge J, Heldal M, Larsen A, Norland S, Lund Paulsen M, Pree B, Sandaa RA, Skjoldal EF, Tsagaraki TM, Øvreås L, Thingstad TF. Simple models combining competition, defence and resource availability have broad implications in pelagic microbial food webs. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:1440-1452. [PMID: 30014593 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In food webs, interactions between competition and defence control the partitioning of limiting resources. As a result, simple models of these interactions contain links between biogeochemistry, diversity, food web structure and ecosystem function. Working at hierarchical levels, these mechanisms also produce self-similarity and therefore suggest how complexity can be generated from repeated application of simple underlying principles. Reviewing theoretical and experimental literature relevant to the marine photic zone, we argue that there is a wide spectrum of phenomena, including single cell activity of prokaryotes, microbial biodiversity at different levels of resolution, ecosystem functioning, regional biogeochemical features and evolution at different timescales; that all can be understood as variations over a common principle, summarised in what has been termed the 'Killing-the-Winner' (KtW) motif. Considering food webs as assemblages of such motifs may thus allow for a more integrated approach to aquatic microbial ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Våge
- Marine Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, PO box 7803, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunnar Bratbak
- Marine Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, PO box 7803, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jorun Egge
- Marine Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, PO box 7803, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mikal Heldal
- Marine Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, PO box 7803, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Aud Larsen
- UNI Research Environment, Nygårdsgaten, 112, 5008, Bergen, Norway
| | - Svein Norland
- Marine Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, PO box 7803, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Maria Lund Paulsen
- Marine Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, PO box 7803, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bernadette Pree
- Marine Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, PO box 7803, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ruth-Anne Sandaa
- Marine Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, PO box 7803, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Evy Foss Skjoldal
- Marine Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, PO box 7803, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tatiana M Tsagaraki
- Marine Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, PO box 7803, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lise Øvreås
- Marine Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, PO box 7803, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - T Frede Thingstad
- Marine Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, PO box 7803, 5020, Bergen, Norway
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30
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Farahpour F, Saeedghalati M, Brauer VS, Hoffmann D. Trade-off shapes diversity in eco-evolutionary dynamics. eLife 2018; 7:e36273. [PMID: 30117415 PMCID: PMC6126925 DOI: 10.7554/elife.36273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce an Interaction- and Trade-off-based Eco-Evolutionary Model (ITEEM), in which species are competing in a well-mixed system, and their evolution in interaction trait space is subject to a life-history trade-off between replication rate and competitive ability. We demonstrate that the shape of the trade-off has a fundamental impact on eco-evolutionary dynamics, as it imposes four phases of diversity, including a sharp phase transition. Despite its minimalism, ITEEM produces a remarkable range of patterns of eco-evolutionary dynamics that are observed in experimental and natural systems. Most notably we find self-organization towards structured communities with high and sustained diversity, in which competing species form interaction cycles similar to rock-paper-scissors games.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnoush Farahpour
- Bioinformatics and Computational BiophysicsUniversity of Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany
| | | | | | - Daniel Hoffmann
- Bioinformatics and Computational BiophysicsUniversity of Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany
- Center for Computational Sciences and SimulationUniversity of Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany
- Center for Medical BiotechnologyUniversity of Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany
- Center for Water and Environmental ResearchUniversity of Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany
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31
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Assessing Eutrophication Potential of a Freshwater Lake by Relating Its Bioproductivity and Biodiversity: A Case Study of Lake Wilson on Central Oahu, Hawaii. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10030296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Bernstein HC, Brislawn CJ, Dana K, Flores-Wentz T, Cory AB, Fansler SJ, Fredrickson JK, Moran JJ. Primary and heterotrophic productivity relate to multikingdom diversity in a hypersaline mat. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2018; 93:4555378. [PMID: 29045626 PMCID: PMC5812518 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fix121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Benthic microbial ecosystems are widespread yet knowledge gaps still remain on the relationships between the diversity of species across kingdoms and productivity. Here, we ask two fundamental questions: (i) How does species diversity relate to the rates of primary and heterotrophic productivity? (ii) How do diel variations in light-energy inputs influence productivity and microbiome diversity? To answer these questions, microbial mats from a magnesium sulfate hypersaline lake were used to establish microcosms. Both the number and relatedness between bacterial and eukaryotic taxa in the microbiome were assayed via amplicon-based sequencing of 16S and 18S rRNA genes over two diel cycles. These results correlated with biomass productivity obtained from substrate-specific 13C stable isotope tracers that enabled comparisons between primary and heterotrophic productivity. Both bacterial and eukaryotic species richness and evenness were related only to the rates of 13C-labeled glucose and acetate biomass incorporation. Interestingly, measures of these heterotrophic relationships changed from positive and negative correlations depending on carbon derived from glucose or acetate, respectively. The bacterial and eukaryotic diversity of this ecosystem is also controlled, in part, from energy constraints imposed by changing irradiance over a diel cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans C Bernstein
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.,The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Colin J Brislawn
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Karl Dana
- Signature Science and Technology Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Tobias Flores-Wentz
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Alexandra B Cory
- Signature Science and Technology Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Sarah J Fansler
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - James K Fredrickson
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - James J Moran
- Signature Science and Technology Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
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33
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The Tale of a Neglected Energy Source: Elevated Hydrogen Exposure Affects both Microbial Diversity and Function in Soil. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.00275-17. [PMID: 28363961 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00275-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The enrichment of H2-oxidizing bacteria (HOB) by H2 generated by nitrogen-fixing nodules has been shown to have a fertilization effect on several different crops. The benefit of HOB is attributed to their production of plant growth-promoting factors, yet their interactions with other members of soil microbial communities have received little attention. Here we report that the energy potential of H2, when supplied to soil, alters ecological niche partitioning of bacteria and fungi, with multifaceted consequences for both generalist and specialist microbial functions. We used dynamic microcosms to expose soil to the typical atmospheric H2 mixing ratio (0.5 ppmv) permeating soils, as well as mixing ratios comparable to those found at the soil-nodule interface (10,000 ppmv). Elevated H2 exposure exerted direct effects on two HOB subpopulations distinguished by their affinity for H2 while enhancing community level carbon substrate utilization potential and lowering CH4 uptake activity in soil. We found that H2 triggered changes in the abundance of microorganisms that were reproducible yet inconsistent across soils at the taxonomic level and even among HOB. Overall, H2 exposure altered microbial process rates at an intensity that depends upon soil abiotic and biotic features. We argue that further examination of direct and indirect effects of H2 on soil microbial communities will lead to a better understanding of the H2 fertilization effect and soil biogeochemical processes.IMPORTANCE An innovative dynamic microcosm chamber system was used to demonstrate that H2 diffusing in soil triggers changes in the distribution of HOB and non-HOB. Although the response was uneven at the taxonomic level, an unexpected coordinated response of microbial functions was observed, including abatement of CH4 oxidation activity and stimulation of carbon turnover. Our work suggests that elevated H2 rewires soil biogeochemical structure through a combination of direct effects on the growth and persistence of HOB and indirect effects on a variety of microbial processes involving HOB and non-HOB.
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34
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Sullam KE, Matthews B, Aebischer T, Seehausen O, Bürgmann H. The effect of top-predator presence and phenotype on aquatic microbial communities. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:1572-1582. [PMID: 28261466 PMCID: PMC5330871 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of predators can impact a variety of organisms within the ecosystem, including microorganisms. Because the effects of fish predators and their phenotypic differences on microbial communities have not received much attention, we tested how the presence/absence, genotype, and plasticity of the predatory three‐spine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) influence aquatic microbes in outdoor mesocosms. We reared lake and stream stickleback genotypes on contrasting food resources to adulthood, and then added them to aquatic mesocosm ecosystems to assess their impact on the planktonic bacterial community. We also investigated whether the effects of fish persisted following the removal of adults, and the subsequent addition of a homogenous juvenile fish population. The presence of adult stickleback increased the number of bacterial OTUs and altered the size structure of the microbial community, whereas their phenotype affected bacterial community composition. Some of these effects were detectable after adult fish were removed from the mesocosms, and after juvenile fish were placed in the tanks, most of these effects disappeared. Our results suggest that fish can have strong short‐term effects on microbial communities that are partially mediated by phenotypic variation of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Sullam
- Department of Surface Waters-Research and Management Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Kastanienbaum Switzerland; Zoological Institute University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Blake Matthews
- Eawag Aquatic Ecology Department Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Kastanienbaum Switzerland
| | - Thierry Aebischer
- Eawag Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Kastanienbaum Switzerland; Aquatic Ecology and Evolution Institute of Ecology & Evolution University of Bern Bern Switzerland; Department of Biology University of Fribourg Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Eawag Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Kastanienbaum Switzerland; Aquatic Ecology and Evolution Institute of Ecology & Evolution University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Helmut Bürgmann
- Department of Surface Waters-Research and Management Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Kastanienbaum Switzerland
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35
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Berry MA, Davis TW, Cory RM, Duhaime MB, Johengen TH, Kling GW, Marino JA, Den Uyl PA, Gossiaux D, Dick GJ, Denef VJ. Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms are a biological disturbance to Western Lake Erie bacterial communities. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:1149-1162. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A. Berry
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Timothy W. Davis
- NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory; Ann Arbor MI 48108 USA
| | - Rose M. Cory
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Melissa B. Duhaime
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Thomas H. Johengen
- Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - George W. Kling
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - John A. Marino
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Paul A. Den Uyl
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Duane Gossiaux
- NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory; Ann Arbor MI 48108 USA
| | - Gregory J. Dick
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Vincent J. Denef
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
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36
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Catherine A, Selma M, Mouillot D, Troussellier M, Bernard C. Patterns and multi-scale drivers of phytoplankton species richness in temperate peri-urban lakes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 559:74-83. [PMID: 27054495 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Local species richness (SR) is a key characteristic affecting ecosystem functioning. Yet, the mechanisms regulating phytoplankton diversity in freshwater ecosystems are not fully understood, especially in peri-urban environments where anthropogenic pressures strongly impact the quality of aquatic ecosystems. To address this issue, we sampled the phytoplankton communities of 50 lakes in the Paris area (France) characterized by a large gradient of physico-chemical and catchment-scale characteristics. We used large phytoplankton datasets to describe phytoplankton diversity patterns and applied a machine-learning algorithm to test the degree to which species richness patterns are potentially controlled by environmental factors. Selected environmental factors were studied at two scales: the lake-scale (e.g. nutrients concentrations, water temperature, lake depth) and the catchment-scale (e.g. catchment, landscape and climate variables). Then, we used a variance partitioning approach to evaluate the interaction between lake-scale and catchment-scale variables in explaining local species richness. Finally, we analysed the residuals of predictive models to identify potential vectors of improvement of phytoplankton species richness predictive models. Lake-scale and catchment-scale drivers provided similar predictive accuracy of local species richness (R(2)=0.458 and 0.424, respectively). Both models suggested that seasonal temperature variations and nutrient supply strongly modulate local species richness. Integrating lake- and catchment-scale predictors in a single predictive model did not provide increased predictive accuracy; therefore suggesting that the catchment-scale model probably explains observed species richness variations through the impact of catchment-scale variables on in-lake water quality characteristics. Models based on catchment characteristics, which include simple and easy to obtain variables, provide a meaningful way of predicting phytoplankton species richness in temperate lakes. This approach may prove useful and cost-effective for the management and conservation of aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Catherine
- UMR7245 MCAM MNHN-CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CC 39, 12 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris, Cedex 05, France.
| | - Maloufi Selma
- UMR7245 MCAM MNHN-CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CC 39, 12 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris, Cedex 05, France.
| | - David Mouillot
- UMR 9190 MARBEC UM2-CNRS-IRD-UM1-IFREMER, CC 93, Place Eugène Bataillon, Université de Montpellier 2, F-34095 Montpellier, France.
| | - Marc Troussellier
- UMR 9190 MARBEC UM2-CNRS-IRD-UM1-IFREMER, CC 93, Place Eugène Bataillon, Université de Montpellier 2, F-34095 Montpellier, France.
| | - Cécile Bernard
- UMR7245 MCAM MNHN-CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CC 39, 12 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris, Cedex 05, France.
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37
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Newton RJ, McLellan SL. A unique assemblage of cosmopolitan freshwater bacteria and higher community diversity differentiate an urbanized estuary from oligotrophic Lake Michigan. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1028. [PMID: 26483766 PMCID: PMC4586452 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Water quality is impacted significantly by urbanization. The delivery of increased nutrient loads to waterways is a primary characteristic of this land use change. Despite the recognized effects of nutrient loading on aquatic systems, the influence of urbanization on the bacterial community composition of these systems is not understood. We used massively-parallel sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes to examine the bacterial assemblages in transect samples spanning the heavily urbanized estuary of Milwaukee, WI to the relatively un-impacted waters of Lake Michigan. With this approach, we found that genera and lineages common to freshwater lake epilimnia were common and abundant in both the high nutrient, urban-impacted waterways, and the low nutrient Lake Michigan. Although the two environments harbored many taxa in common, we identified a significant change in the community assemblage across the urban-influence gradient, and three distinct community features drove this change. First, we found the urban-influenced waterways harbored significantly greater bacterial richness and diversity than Lake Michigan (i.e., taxa augmentation). Second, we identified a shift in the relative abundance among common freshwater lineages, where acI, acTH1, Algoriphagus and LD12, had decreased representation and Limnohabitans, Polynucleobacter, and Rhodobacter had increased representation in the urban estuary. Third, by oligotyping 18 common freshwater genera/lineages, we found that oligotypes (highly resolved sequence clusters) within many of these genera/lineages had opposite preferences for the two environments. With these data, we suggest many of the defined cosmopolitan freshwater genera/lineages contain both oligotroph and more copiotroph species or populations, promoting the idea that within-genus lifestyle specialization, in addition to shifts in the dominance among core taxa and taxa augmentation, drive bacterial community change in urbanized waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Newton
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Sandra L McLellan
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee, WI, USA
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38
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Baltar F, Palovaara J, Unrein F, Catala P, Horňák K, Šimek K, Vaqué D, Massana R, Gasol JM, Pinhassi J. Marine bacterial community structure resilience to changes in protist predation under phytoplankton bloom conditions. ISME JOURNAL 2015; 10:568-81. [PMID: 26262814 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2015.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
To test whether protist grazing selectively affects the composition of aquatic bacterial communities, we combined high-throughput sequencing to determine bacterial community composition with analyses of grazing rates, protist and bacterial abundances and bacterial cell sizes and physiological states in a mesocosm experiment in which nutrients were added to stimulate a phytoplankton bloom. A large variability was observed in the abundances of bacteria (from 0.7 to 2.4 × 10(6) cells per ml), heterotrophic nanoflagellates (from 0.063 to 2.7 × 10(4) cells per ml) and ciliates (from 100 to 3000 cells per l) during the experiment (∼3-, 45- and 30-fold, respectively), as well as in bulk grazing rates (from 1 to 13 × 10(6) bacteria per ml per day) and bacterial production (from 3 to 379 μg per C l per day) (1 and 2 orders of magnitude, respectively). However, these strong changes in predation pressure did not induce comparable responses in bacterial community composition, indicating that bacterial community structure was resilient to changes in protist predation pressure. Overall, our results indicate that peaks in protist predation (at least those associated with phytoplankton blooms) do not necessarily trigger substantial changes in the composition of coastal marine bacterioplankton communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Baltar
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.,Department of Marine Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Joakim Palovaara
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Fernando Unrein
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Philippe Catala
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC), Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls/mer, France
| | - Karel Horňák
- Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Hydrobiological Institute, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Šimek
- Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Hydrobiological Institute, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Dolors Vaqué
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ramon Massana
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep M Gasol
- Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jarone Pinhassi
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
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Zeglin LH. Stream microbial diversity in response to environmental changes: review and synthesis of existing research. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:454. [PMID: 26042102 PMCID: PMC4435045 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of microbial activity to ecosystem function in aquatic ecosystems is well established, but microbial diversity has been less frequently addressed. This review and synthesis of 100s of published studies on stream microbial diversity shows that factors known to drive ecosystem processes, such as nutrient availability, hydrology, metal contamination, contrasting land-use and temperature, also cause heterogeneity in bacterial diversity. Temporal heterogeneity in stream bacterial diversity was frequently observed, reflecting the dynamic nature of both stream ecosystems and microbial community composition. However, within-stream spatial differences in stream bacterial diversity were more commonly observed, driven specifically by different organic matter (OM) compartments. Bacterial phyla showed similar patterns in relative abundance with regard to compartment type across different streams. For example, surface water contained the highest relative abundance of Actinobacteria, while epilithon contained the highest relative abundance of Cyanobacteria and Bacteroidetes. This suggests that contrasting physical and/or nutritional habitats characterized by different stream OM compartment types may select for certain bacterial lineages. When comparing the prevalence of physicochemical effects on stream bacterial diversity, effects of changing metal concentrations were most, while effects of differences in nutrient concentrations were least frequently observed. This may indicate that although changing nutrient concentrations do tend to affect microbial diversity, other environmental factors are more likely to alter stream microbial diversity and function. The common observation of connections between ecosystem process drivers and microbial diversity suggests that microbial taxonomic turnover could mediate ecosystem-scale responses to changing environmental conditions, including both microbial habitat distribution and physicochemical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia H Zeglin
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University Manhattan, KS, USA
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41
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Oceanographic structure drives the assembly processes of microbial eukaryotic communities. ISME JOURNAL 2015; 9:990-1002. [PMID: 25325383 PMCID: PMC4817713 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2014.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Arctic Ocean microbial eukaryote phytoplankton form subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM), where much of the annual summer production occurs. This SCM is particularly persistent in the Western Arctic Ocean, which is strongly salinity stratified. The recent loss of multiyear sea ice and increased particulate-rich river discharge in the Arctic Ocean results in a greater volume of fresher water that may displace nutrient-rich saltier waters to deeper depths and decrease light penetration in areas affected by river discharge. Here, we surveyed microbial eukaryotic assemblages in the surface waters, and within and below the SCM. In most samples, we detected the pronounced SCM that usually occurs at the interface of the upper mixed layer and Pacific Summer Water (PSW). Poorly developed SCM was seen under two conditions, one above PSW and associated with a downwelling eddy, and the second in a region influenced by the Mackenzie River plume. Four phylogenetically distinct communities were identified: surface, pronounced SCM, weak SCM and a deeper community just below the SCM. Distance-decay relationships and phylogenetic structure suggested distinct ecological processes operating within these communities. In the pronounced SCM, picophytoplanktons were prevalent and community assembly was attributed to water mass history. In contrast, environmental filtering impacted the composition of the weak SCM communities, where heterotrophic Picozoa were more numerous. These results imply that displacement of Pacific waters to greater depth and increased terrigenous input may act as a control on SCM development and result in lower net summer primary production with a more heterotroph dominated eukaryotic microbial community.
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Wasserman RJ, Matcher GF, Vink TJF, Froneman PW. Preliminary evidence for the organisation of a bacterial community by zooplanktivores at the top of an estuarine planktonic food web. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2015; 69:245-253. [PMID: 25301499 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-014-0505-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
As part of a larger investigation, the effect of apex predation on estuarine bacterial community structure, through trophic cascading, was investigated using experimental in situ mesocosms. Through either the removal (filtration) or addition of specific size classes of planktonic groups, four different trophic scenarios were established using estuarine water and its associated plankton. One such treatment represented a "natural" scenario in which stable apex predatory pressure was qualified. Water samples were collected over time from each of the treatments for bacterial community evaluation. These samples were assessed through pyrosequencing of the variable regions 4 and 5 of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and analysed at the species operational taxonomic unit (OTU) level using a community procedure. The blue-green group dominated the samples, followed by Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Samples were the most similar among treatments at the commencement of the experiment. While the bacterial communities sampled within each treatment changed over time, the deviation from initial appeared to be linked to the treatment trophic scenarios. The least temporal deviation-from-initial in bacterial community was found within the stable apex predatory pressure treatment. These findings are consistent with trophic cascade theory, whereby predators mediate interactions at multiple lower trophic levels with consequent repercussions for diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Wasserman
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa,
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Bastidas Navarro M, Balseiro E, Modenutti B. Bacterial community structure in patagonian Andean Lakes above and below timberline: from community composition to community function. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2014; 68:528-541. [PMID: 24863131 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-014-0439-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Lakes located above the timberline are remote systems with a number of extreme environmental conditions, becoming physically harsh ecosystems, and sensors of global change. We analyze bacterial community composition and community-level physiological profiles in mountain lakes located in an altitude gradient in North Patagonian Andes below and above the timberline, together with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) characterization and consumption. Our results indicated a decrease in 71 % of DOC and 65 % in total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) concentration as well as in bacteria abundances along the altitude range (1,380 to 1,950 m a.s.l.). Dissolved organic matter (DOM) fluorescence analysis revealed a low global variability composed by two humic-like components (allochthonous substances) and a single protein-like component (autochthonous substances). Lakes below the timberline showed the presence of all the three components, while lakes above the timberline the protein-like compound constituted the main DOC component. Furthermore, bacterial community composition similarity and ordination analysis showed that altitude and resource concentration (DOC and TDP) were the main variables determining the ordination of groups. Community-level physiological profiles showed a mismatch with bacteria community composition (BCC), indicating the absence of a relationship between genetic and functional diversity in the altitude gradient. However, carbon utilization efficiencies varied according to the presence of different compounds in DOM bulk. The obtained results suggest that the different bacterial communities in these mountain lakes seem to have similar metabolic pathways in order to be able to exploit the available DOC molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Bastidas Navarro
- Laboratorio de Limnología, INIBIOMA, UNComahue-CONICET, Quintral 1250, 8400, Bariloche, Argentina,
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Vallina SM, Follows MJ, Dutkiewicz S, Montoya JM, Cermeno P, Loreau M. Global relationship between phytoplankton diversity and productivity in the ocean. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4299. [PMID: 24980772 PMCID: PMC4102128 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The shape of the productivity-diversity relationship (PDR) for marine phytoplankton has been suggested to be unimodal, that is, diversity peaking at intermediate levels of productivity. However, there are few observations and there has been little attempt to understand the mechanisms that would lead to such a shape for planktonic organisms. Here we use a marine ecosystem model together with the community assembly theory to explain the shape of the unimodal PDR we obtain at the global scale. The positive slope from low to intermediate productivity is due to grazer control with selective feeding, which leads to the predator-mediated coexistence of prey. The negative slope at high productivity is due to seasonal blooms of opportunist species that occur before they are regulated by grazers. The negative side is only unveiled when the temporal scale of the observation captures the transient dynamics, which are especially relevant at highly seasonal latitudes. Thus selective predation explains the positive side while transient competitive exclusion explains the negative side of the unimodal PDR curve. The phytoplankton community composition of the positive and negative sides is mostly dominated by slow-growing nutrient specialists and fast-growing nutrient opportunist species, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Vallina
- Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Institute of Marine Sciences, CSIC, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M. J. Follows
- Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - S. Dutkiewicz
- Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - J. M. Montoya
- Institute of Marine Sciences, CSIC, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - P. Cermeno
- Institute of Marine Sciences, CSIC, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M. Loreau
- Station d’Ecologie Expérimentale, CNRS, 09200 Moulis, France
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Resource availability and spatial heterogeneity control bacterial community response to nutrient enrichment in lakes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86991. [PMID: 24489823 PMCID: PMC3904960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity and composition of ecological communities often co-vary with ecosystem productivity. However, the relative importance of productivity, or resource abundance, versus the spatial distribution of resources in shaping those ecological patterns is not well understood, particularly for the bacterial communities that underlie most important ecosystem functions. Increasing ecosystem productivity in lakes has been shown to influence the composition and ecology of bacterial communities, but existing work has only evaluated the effect of increasing resource supply and not heterogeneity in how those resources are distributed. We quantified how bacterial communities varied with the trophic status of lakes and whether community responses differed in surface and deep habitats in response to heterogeneity in nutrient resources. Using ARISA fingerprinting, we found that bacterial communities were more abundant, richer, and more distinct among habitats as lake trophic state and vertical heterogeneity in nutrients increased, and that spatial resource variation produced habitat specific responses of bacteria in response to increased productivity. Furthermore, changes in communities in high nutrient lakes were not produced by turnover in community composition but from additional taxa augmenting core bacterial communities found in lower productivity lakes. These data suggests that bacterial community responses to nutrient enrichment in lakes vary spatially and are likely influenced disproportionately by rare taxa.
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Geyer KM, Altrichter AE, Van Horn DJ, Takacs-Vesbach CD, Gooseff MN, Barrett JE. Environmental controls over bacterial communities in polar desert soils. Ecosphere 2013. [DOI: 10.1890/es13-00048.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Zhang R, Weinbauer MG, Tam YK, Qian PY. Response of bacterioplankton to a glucose gradient in the absence of lysis and grazing. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2013; 85:443-51. [PMID: 23578374 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial utilization of dissolved organic matter plays an important role in marine carbon cycling. In this study, the response of bacterioplankton to a gradient of carbon (glucose) addition was investigated experimentally in a subtropical coastal environment in the absence of top-down control by viruses and flagellates. Bacterial abundance and production were stimulated by glucose addition corresponding to a gradient of glucose. Differences in the extent of stimulation suggested different bacterial life strategies under different nutrient conditions. Bacterial community diversity as revealed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) showed a unimodal productivity-diversity (number of DGGE bands) relationship after 3-day incubation. DNA fingerprinting profiling and cluster analysis showed clear and gradual changes in bacterial community structure along the gradient of glucose concentrations, reflecting the competition for carbon supply among bacterial groups. Sequencing analysis of the DGGE bands disclosed the relative abundance of seven bacterial genotypes in the Alteromonadaceae and Roseovarius that gradually decreased with the glucose enrichment while two Vibrio genotypes showed the reverse increasing trend. This suggested that Vibrio was a more successful opportunist at high carbon availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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Székely AJ, Berga M, Langenheder S. Mechanisms determining the fate of dispersed bacterial communities in new environments. ISME JOURNAL 2012; 7:61-71. [PMID: 22810061 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2012.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent work has shown that dispersal has an important role in shaping microbial communities. However, little is known about how dispersed bacteria cope with new environmental conditions and how they compete with local resident communities. To test this, we implemented two full-factorial transplant experiments with bacterial communities originating from two sources (freshwater or saline water), which were incubated, separately or in mixes, under both environmental conditions. Thus, we were able to separately test for the effects of the new environment with and without interactions with local communities. We determined community composition using 454-pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA to specifically target the active fraction of the communities, and measured several functional parameters. In absence of a local resident community, the net functional response was mainly affected by the environmental conditions, suggesting successful functional adaptation to the new environmental conditions. Community composition was influenced both by the source and the incubation environment, suggesting simultaneous effects of species sorting and functional plasticity. In presence of a local resident community, functional parameters were higher compared with those expected from proportional mixes of the unmixed communities in three out of four cases. This was accompanied by an increase in the relative abundance of generalists, suggesting that competitive interactions among local and immigrant taxa could explain the observed 'functional overachievement'. In summary, our results suggest that environmental filtering, functional plasticity and competition are all important mechanisms influencing the fate of dispersed communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Székely
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Bryant JA, Stewart FJ, Eppley JM, DeLong EF. Microbial community phylogenetic and trait diversity declines with depth in a marine oxygen minimum zone. Ecology 2012; 93:1659-73. [DOI: 10.1890/11-1204.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Koch H, Cisarovsky G, Schmid-Hempel P. Ecological effects on gut bacterial communities in wild bumblebee colonies. J Anim Ecol 2012; 81:1202-1210. [PMID: 22708631 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.02004.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
1. Animal hosts harbour diverse and often specific bacterial communities (microbiota) in their gut. These microbiota can provide crucial services to the host such as aiding in digestion of food and immune defence. However, the ecological factors correlating with and eventually shaping these microbiota under natural conditions are poorly understood. 2. Bumblebees have recently been shown to possess simple and highly specific microbiota. We here examine the dynamics of these microbiota in field colonies of the bumblebee Bombus terrestris over one season. The gut bacteria were assessed with culture-independent methods, that is, with terminal restriction fragment length profiles of the 16S rRNA gene. 3. To further understand the factors that affect the microbiota, we experimentally manipulated field-placed colonies in a fully factorial experiment by providing additional food or by priming the workers' immune system by injecting heat-killed bacteria. We furthermore looked at possible correlates of diversity and composition of the microbiota for (i) natural infections with the microbial parasites Crithidia bombi and Nosema bombi, (ii) bumblebee worker size, (iii) colony identity, and (iv) colony age. 4. We found an increase in diversity of the microbiota in individuals naturally infected with either C. bombi or N. bombi. Crithidia bombi infections, however, appear to be only indirectly linked with higher microbial diversity when comparing colonies. The treatments of priming the immune system with heat-killed bacteria and additional food supply, as well as host body size, had no effect on the diversity or composition of the microbiota. Host colony identity had only a weak effect on the composition of the microbiota at the level of resolution of our method. We found both significant increases and decreases in the relative abundance of selected bacterial taxa over the season. 5. We present the first study on the ecological dynamics of gut microbiota in bumblebees and identify parasite infections, colony identity and colony age as important factors influencing the diversity and composition of the bacterial communities. The absence of an effect of our otherwise effective experimental treatments suggests a remarkable ability of the host to maintain a homoeostasis in this community under widely different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hauke Koch
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Integrative Biology, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Cisarovsky
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Integrative Biology, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Paul Schmid-Hempel
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Integrative Biology, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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