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Cusaro CM, Capelli E, Picco AM, Brusoni M. Incidence of resistance to ALS and ACCase inhibitors in Echinochloa species and soil microbial composition in Northern Italy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10544. [PMID: 38719860 PMCID: PMC11078947 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59856-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing amount of weeds surviving herbicide represents a very serious problem for crop management. The interaction between microbial community of soil and herbicide resistance, along with the potential evolutive consequences, are still poorly known and need to be investigated to better understand the impact on agricultural management. In our study, we analyzed the microbial composition of soils in 32 farms, located in the Northern Italy rice-growing area (Lombardy) with the aim to evaluate the relationship between the microbial composition and the incidence of resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibiting herbicides in Echinochloa species. We observed that the coverage of weeds survived herbicide treatment was higher than 60% in paddy fields with a low microbial biodiversity and less than 5% in those with a high microbial biodiversity. Fungal communities showed a greater reduction in richness than Bacteria. In soils with a reduced microbial diversity, a significant increase of some bacterial and fungal orders (i.e. Lactobacillales, Malasseziales and Diaporthales) was observed. Interestingly, we identified two different microbial profiles linked to the two conditions: high incidence of herbicide resistance (H-HeR) and low incidence of herbicide resistance (L-HeR). Overall, the results we obtained allow us to make hypotheses on the greater or lesser probability of herbicide resistance occurrence based on the composition of the soil microbiome and especially on the degree of biodiversity of the microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Maria Cusaro
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrica Capelli
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Picco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maura Brusoni
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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2
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Berg G, Dorador C, Egamberdieva D, Kostka JE, Ryu CM, Wassermann B. Shared governance in the plant holobiont and implications for one health. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiae004. [PMID: 38364305 PMCID: PMC10876113 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The holobiont Holobiont theory is more than 80 years old, while the importance of microbial communities for plant holobionts was already identified by Lorenz Hiltner more than a century ago. Both concepts are strongly supported by results from the new field of microbiome research. Here, we present ecological and genetic features of the plant holobiont that underpin principles of a shared governance between hosts and microbes and summarize the relevance of plant holobionts in the context of global change. Moreover, we uncover knowledge gaps that arise when integrating plant holobionts in the broader perspective of the holobiome as well as one and planetary health concepts. Action is needed to consider interacting holobionts at the holobiome scale, for prediction and control of microbiome function to improve human and environmental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/I, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Cristina Dorador
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidad de Antofagasta & Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), Angamos 601, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Dilfuza Egamberdieva
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Research, National Research University, TIIAME, Kari Niyazi street 39, Tashkent 100000, Uzbekistan
- Medical School, Central Asian University, Milliy bog street 264, Tashkent 111221, Uzbekistan
| | - Joel E Kostka
- Schools of Biological Sciences and Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, Georgia Institute of Technology, 310 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Biosystems and Bioengineering, University of Science and Technology KRIBB School, 125 Gwahangro, Yuseong, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, 125 Gwahangro, Yuseong, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Birgit Wassermann
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/I, 8010 Graz, Austria
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3
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Jahan R, McDonald IR. Diversity of Methylobacterium species associated with New Zealand native plants. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2023; 370:fnad124. [PMID: 37985695 PMCID: PMC10699869 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnad124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylobacterium species are abundant colonizers of the phyllosphere due to the availability of methanol, a waste product of pectin metabolism during plant cell division. The phyllosphere is an extreme environment, with a landscape that is heterogeneous and continuously changing as the plant grows and is exposed to high levels of ultraviolet irradiation. Geographically, New Zealand (NZ) has been isolated for over a million years, has a biologically diverse flora, and is considered a biodiversity hotspot, with most native plants being endemic. We therefore hypothesize that the phyllosphere of NZ native plants harbor diverse groups of Methylobacterium species. Leaf imprinting using methanol-supplemented agar medium was used to isolate bacteria, and diversity was determined using ARDRA and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Methylobacterium species were successfully isolated from the phyllosphere of 18 of the 20 native NZ plant species in this study, and six different species were identified: M. marchantiae, M. mesophilicum, M. adhaesivum, M. komagatae, M. extorquens, and M. phyllosphaerae. Other α, β, and γ-Proteobacteria, Actinomycetes, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes were also isolated, highlighting the presence of other potentially novel methanol utilizers within this ecosystem. This study identified that Methylobacterium are abundant members of the NZ phyllosphere, with species diversity and composition dependent on plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowshan Jahan
- Te Aka Mātuatua—School of Science, Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato—University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, Aotearoa, New Zealand
| | - Ian R McDonald
- Te Aka Mātuatua—School of Science, Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato—University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, Aotearoa, New Zealand
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Mohanty SR, Mahawar H, Bajpai A, Dubey G, Parmar R, Atoliya N, Devi MH, Singh AB, Jain D, Patra A, Kollah B. Methylotroph bacteria and cellular metabolite carotenoid alleviate ultraviolet radiation-driven abiotic stress in plants. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:899268. [PMID: 36687662 PMCID: PMC9853530 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.899268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing UV radiation in the atmosphere due to the depletion of ozone layer is emerging abiotic stress for agriculture. Although plants have evolved to adapt to UV radiation through different mechanisms, but the role of phyllosphere microorganisms in counteracting UV radiation is not well studied. The current experiment was undertaken to evaluate the role of phyllosphere Methylobacteria and its metabolite in the alleviation of abiotic stress rendered by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. A potential pink pigmenting methylotroph bacterium was isolated from the phylloplane of the rice plant (oryzae sativa). The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the bacterium was homologous to the Methylobacter sp. The isolate referred to as Methylobacter sp N39, produced beta-carotene at a rate (μg ml-1 d-1) of 0.45-3.09. Biosynthesis of beta-carotene was stimulated by brief exposure to UV for 10 min per 2 days. Carotenoid biosynthesis was predicted as y = 3.09 × incubation period + 22.151 (r 2 = 0.90). The carotenoid extract of N39 protected E. coli from UV radiation by declining its death rate from 14.67% min-1 to 4.30% min-1 under UV radiation. Application of N39 cells and carotenoid extract also protected rhizobium (Bradyrhizobium japonicum) cells from UV radiation. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that the carotenoid extracts protected E. coli cells from UV radiation. Foliar application of either N39 cells or carotenoid extract enhanced the plant's (Pigeon pea) resistance to UV irradiation. This study highlight that Methylobacter sp N39 and its carotenoid extract can be explored to manage UV radiation stress in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Ranjan Mohanty
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India,*Correspondence: Santosh Ranjan Mohanty, ,
| | - Himanshu Mahawar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India,ICAR -s Directorate of Weed Research, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India,Himanshu Mahawar,
| | - Apekcha Bajpai
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Garima Dubey
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Parmar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nagvanti Atoliya
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Devendra Jain
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ashok Patra
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Bharati Kollah
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India,Bharati Kollah, ,
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Jia W, Wang S, He X, Zhao X. Different factors drive the assembly of pine and Panax notoginseng-associated microbiomes in Panax notoginseng-pine agroforestry systems. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1018989. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1018989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Land-use conversion affects the composition and assembly of plant-associated microbiomes, which in turn affects plant growth, development, and ecosystem functioning. However, agroforestry systems, as sustainable land types, have received little attention regarding the dynamics of different plant-associated microbes. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the assembly mechanisms and the driving factors of pine- and Panax notoginseng (P.n.)-associated microbiomes during the conversion of different pine forests (Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis and Pinus armandii) into P.n.-pine agroforestry systems. The results showed that the conversion of pure pine forest into P.n.-pine agroforestry systems significantly altered the diversity of pine-associated fungi rather than the community structure, and the community structure of P.n.-associated fungi rather than the diversity. Additionally, plant-associated fungi were more responsive to land-use change than bacteria. Main effect analysis revealed that compartment rather than genotype was the driving factor of pine- and P.n.-associated microbiomes, but P.n. cultivation also significantly affected the assembly of pine-associated microbiomes. In addition, there was a transfer of P.n. endophytes to pine trees in agroforestry systems and the beneficial microbiomes (Massilia, Marmoricola, Herbaspirillum, etc.) were enlarged in pine roots. Therefore, the diversity of the assembly mechanisms of P.n.- and pine-associated microbiomes played an important role in the P.n.--pine agroforestry systems and were the basis for the sustainable development of the P.n.--pine agroforestry systems.
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Adeleke BS, Babalola OO. Meta-omics of endophytic microbes in agricultural biotechnology. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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Yu Y, Chen Z, Xie H, Feng X, Wang Y, Xu P. Overhauling the Effect of Surface Sterilization on Analysis of Endophytes in Tea Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:849658. [PMID: 35592578 PMCID: PMC9111953 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.849658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that plant Endophytes play a crucial role in the fitness and productivity of hosts. Surface sterilization is an indispensable process before high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and tissue separation of plant endophytes, but its potential impact on the composition and diversity of endophytes has rarely been investigated. In the present work, the influence of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) on the diversity of endophytic bacteria and fungi in leaves and stems of tea plants was investigated. We found that the diversity of bacterial endophytes was significantly affected by the concentration of NaClO as well as the pretreatment time. Pretreatment with 0.5% NaClO for 8 min and 2.0% NaClO for 3 min were suitable for the tea plant leaves and stems, respectively, but the effects of NaClO on the diversity of fungal endophytes were limited according to the results from HTS. Regardless of NaClO sterilization, most of the endophytes in tissues, such as the dominant taxa, could not be Isolated by using the regular culture-dependent approaches. Collectively, our results demonstrated that the pretreatment with NaClO should be modified to precisely understand the diversity of endophytes from different tissues of tea plants and also indicate that more attention should be paid to establish specific culture-dependent protocols for the isolation of plant endophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueer Yu
- Institute of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zimeng Chen
- Institute of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hengtong Xie
- Institute of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Feng
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- Institute of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Institute of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Pang Z, Fallah N, Weng P, Zhou Y, Tang X, Tayyab M, Liu Y, Liu Q, Xiao Y, Hu C, Kan Y, Lin W, Yuan Z. Sugarcane–Peanut Intercropping System Enhances Bacteria Abundance, Diversity, and Sugarcane Parameters in Rhizospheric and Bulk Soils. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:815129. [PMID: 35250913 PMCID: PMC8891962 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.815129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane–legume intercropping systems can effectively control pests and diseases as well as improve the fertility and health of farmland soil. However, little is known about the response of bacterial abundance, diversity, and community composition in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils under the sugarcane–peanut farming system. A field experiment was conducted with two treatments: sugarcane monoculture and sugarcane–peanut intercropping to examine the response of sugarcane parameters and edaphic factors. We also deciphered bacterial abundance, diversity, and community composition in the root endosphere, rhizosphere, and bulk soil by leveraging Illumina sequencing to conduct the molecular characterization of the 16S rRNA gene and nitrogenase (nifH) gene. We observed that sugarcane–peanut intercropping exhibited the advantages of tremendously increasing cane stalk height, stalk weight, and millable stalk number/20 m, and edaphic factors, namely, pH (1.13 and 1.93), and available phosphorus exhibited a fourfold and sixfold increase (4.66 and 6.56), particularly in the rhizosphere and bulk soils, respectively. Our result also showed that the sugarcane–peanut intercropping system significantly increased the bacterial richness of the 16S rRNA gene sequencing data by 13.80 and 9.28% in the bulk soil and rhizosphere soil relative to those in the monocropping sugarcane system, respectively. At the same time, sugarcane intercropping with peanuts significantly increased the Shannon diversity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the sugarcane rhizosphere soil. Moreover, most edaphic factors exhibited a positive regularity effect on bacterial community composition under the intercropping system. A linear discriminant analysis with effect size analysis of the 16S rRNA sequencing data revealed that bacteria in the root endosphere of the intercropped cane proliferated profoundly, primarily occupied by Devosia, Rhizobiales, Myxococcales, Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, and Sphingomonas. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that sugarcane–peanut intercropping can enhance edaphic factors, sugarcane parameters, and bacterial abundance and diversity without causing adverse impacts on crop production and soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqin Pang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Agricultural, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Nyumah Fallah
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Agricultural, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Peiying Weng
- College of Agricultural, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yongmei Zhou
- College of Agricultural, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiumei Tang
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Muhammad Tayyab
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Agricultural, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yueming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Agricultural, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Agricultural, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yijie Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Agricultural, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chaohua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Agricultural, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Kan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- College of Agricultural, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhaonian Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Agricultural, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center of Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaonian Yuan,
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Mai Z, Ye M, Wang Y, Foong SY, Wang L, Sun F, Cheng H. Characteristics of Microbial Community and Function With the Succession of Mangroves. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:764974. [PMID: 34950118 PMCID: PMC8689078 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.764974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, 16S high-throughput and metagenomic sequencing analyses were employed to explore the changes in microbial community and function with the succession of mangroves (Sonneratia alba, Rhizophora apiculata, and Bruguiera parviflora) along the Merbok river estuary in Malaysia. The sediments of the three mangroves harbored their own unique dominant microbial taxa, whereas R. apiculata exhibited the highest microbial diversity. In general, Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Anaerolineae were the dominant microbial classes, but their abundances varied significantly among the three mangroves. Principal coordinates and redundancy analyses revealed that the specificity of the microbial community was highly correlated with mangrove populations and environmental factors. The results further showed that R. apiculata exhibited the highest carbon-related metabolism, coinciding with the highest organic carbon and microbial diversity. In addition, specific microbial taxa, such as Desulfobacterales and Rhizobiales, contributed the highest functional activities related to carbon metabolism, prokaryote carbon fixation, and methane metabolism. The present results provide a comprehensive understanding of the adaptations and functions of microbes in relation to environmental transition and mangrove succession in intertidal regions. High microbial diversity and carbon metabolism in R. apiculata might in turn facilitate and maintain the formation of climax mangroves in the middle region of the Merbok river estuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimao Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Mai Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youshao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Swee Yeok Foong
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Fulin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.,Daya Bay Marine Biology Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
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10
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Escobar Rodríguez C, Novak J, Buchholz F, Uetz P, Bragagna L, Gumze M, Antonielli L, Mitter B. The Bacterial Microbiome of the Tomato Fruit Is Highly Dependent on the Cultivation Approach and Correlates With Flavor Chemistry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:775722. [PMID: 35003161 PMCID: PMC8740158 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.775722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The modes of interactions between plants and plant-associated microbiota are manifold, and secondary metabolites often play a central role in plant-microbe interactions. Abiotic and biotic (including both plant pathogens and endophytes) stress can affect the composition and concentration of secondary plant metabolites, and thus have an influence on chemical compounds that make up for the taste and aroma of fruit. While the role of microbiota in growth and health of plants is widely acknowledged, relatively little is known about the possible effect of microorganisms on the quality of fruit of plants they are colonizing. In this work, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants of five different cultivars were grown in soil and in hydroponics to investigate the impact of the cultivation method on the flavor of fruit, and to assess whether variations in their chemical composition are attributable to shifts in bacterial microbiota. Ripe fruit were harvested and used for bacterial community analysis and for the analysis of tomato volatiles, sugars and acids, all contributing to flavor. Fruit grown in soil showed significantly higher sugar content, whereas tomatoes from plants under hydroponic conditions had significantly higher levels of organic acids. In contrast, aroma profiles of fruit were shaped by the tomato cultivars, rather than the cultivation method. In terms of bacterial communities, the cultivation method significantly defined the community composition in all cultivars, with the bacterial communities in hydroponic tomatoes being more variable that those in tomatoes grown in soil. Bacterial indicator species in soil-grown tomatoes correlated with higher concentrations of volatiles described to be perceived as "green" or "pungent." A soil-grown specific reproducibly occurring ASV (amplicon sequence variants) classified as Bacillus detected solely in "Solarino" tomatoes, which were the sweetest among all cultivars, correlated with the amount of aroma-relevant volatiles as well as of fructose and glucose in the fruit. In contrast, indicator bacterial species in hydroponic-derived tomatoes correlated with aroma compounds with "sweet" and "floral" notes and showed negative correlations with glucose concentrations in fruit. Overall, our results point toward a microbiota-related accumulation of flavor and aroma compounds in tomato fruit, which is strongly dependent on the cultivation substrate and approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Escobar Rodríguez
- FFoQSI GmbH – Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Tulln, Austria
| | - Johannes Novak
- Institute of Applied Botany and Pharmacognosy (IAB), Veterinary University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Buchholz
- FFoQSI GmbH – Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Tulln, Austria
| | - Pia Uetz
- Center for Health & Bioresources, Bioresources Unit, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | - Laura Bragagna
- FFoQSI GmbH – Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Tulln, Austria
| | - Marija Gumze
- Center for Health & Bioresources, Bioresources Unit, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | - Livio Antonielli
- Center for Health & Bioresources, Bioresources Unit, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | - Birgit Mitter
- Center for Health & Bioresources, Bioresources Unit, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Tulln, Austria
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Gómez-Godínez LJ, Martínez-Romero E, Banuelos J, Arteaga-Garibay RI. Tools and challenges to exploit microbial communities in agriculture. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2021; 2:100062. [PMID: 34841352 PMCID: PMC8610360 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants contain diverse microbial communities. The associated microorganisms confer advantages to the host plant, which include growth promotion, nutrient absorption, stress tolerance, and pathogen and disease resistance. In this review, we explore how agriculture is implementing the use of microbial inoculants (single species or consortia) to improve crop yields, and discuss current strategies to study plant-associated microorganisms and how their diversity varies under unconventional agriculture. It is predicted that microbial inoculation will continue to be used in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Jacqueline Gómez-Godínez
- Laboratorio de Recursos Genéticos Microbianos, Centro Nacional de Recursos Genéticos. Instituto Nacional de Investigación Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarios. Boulevard de la Biodiversidad 400, Rancho las Cruces, C.P. 47600. Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco, México
| | - Esperanza Martínez-Romero
- Centro de Ciencias genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Campus Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos México
| | - Jacob Banuelos
- Laboratorio de Organismos Benéficos, Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Veracruzana. Circuito Aguirre Beltrán SN, Col. Universitaria, CP 91000, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Ramón I. Arteaga-Garibay
- Laboratorio de Recursos Genéticos Microbianos, Centro Nacional de Recursos Genéticos. Instituto Nacional de Investigación Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarios. Boulevard de la Biodiversidad 400, Rancho las Cruces, C.P. 47600. Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco, México
- Corresponding authors.
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12
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Alessa O, Ogura Y, Fujitani Y, Takami H, Hayashi T, Sahin N, Tani A. Comprehensive Comparative Genomics and Phenotyping of Methylobacterium Species. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:740610. [PMID: 34737731 PMCID: PMC8561711 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.740610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophs (PPFMs), a major bacterial group found in the plant phyllosphere, comprise two genera: Methylobacterium and Methylorubrum. They have been separated into three major clades: A, B (Methylorubrum), and C. Within these genera, however, some species lack either pigmentation or methylotrophy, which raises the question of what actually defines the PPFMs. The present study employed a comprehensive comparative genomics approach to reveal the phylogenetic relationship among the PPFMs and to explain the genotypic differences that confer their different phenotypes. We newly sequenced the genomes of 29 relevant-type strains to complete a dataset for almost all validly published species in the genera. Through comparative analysis, we revealed that methylotrophy, nitrate utilization, and anoxygenic photosynthesis are hallmarks differentiating the PPFMs from the other Methylobacteriaceae. The Methylobacterium species in clade A, including the type species Methylobacterium organophilum, were phylogenetically classified into six subclades, each possessing relatively high genomic homology and shared phenotypic characteristics. One of these subclades is phylogenetically close to Methylorubrum species; this finding led us to reunite the two genera into a single genus Methylobacterium. Clade C, meanwhile, is composed of phylogenetically distinct species that share relatively higher percent G+C content and larger genome sizes, including larger numbers of secondary metabolite clusters. Most species of clade C and some of clade A have the glutathione-dependent pathway for formaldehyde oxidation in addition to the H4MPT pathway. Some species cannot utilize methanol due to their lack of MxaF-type methanol dehydrogenase (MDH), but most harbor an XoxF-type MDH that enables growth on methanol in the presence of lanthanum. The genomes of PPFMs encode between two and seven (average 3.7) genes for pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases, and their phylogeny is distinctly correlated with their genomic phylogeny. All PPFMs were capable of synthesizing auxin and did not induce any immune response in rice cells. Other phenotypes including sugar utilization, antibiotic resistance, and antifungal activity correlated with their phylogenetic relationship. This study provides the first inclusive genotypic insight into the phylogeny and phenotypes of PPFMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Alessa
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshitoshi Ogura
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Infectious Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Fujitani
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hideto Takami
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hayashi
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nurettin Sahin
- Egitim Fakultesi, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Akio Tani
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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13
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Liu Y, Ma W, He H, Wang Z, Cao Y. Effects of Sugarcane and Soybean Intercropping on the Nitrogen-Fixing Bacterial Community in the Rhizosphere. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:713349. [PMID: 34659143 PMCID: PMC8515045 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.713349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercropping between sugarcane and soybean is widely used to increase crop yield and promote the sustainable development of the sugarcane industry. However, our understanding of the soil microenvironment in intercropping systems, especially the effect of crop varieties on rhizosphere soil bacterial communities, remains poor. We selected two excellent sugarcane cultivars, Zhongzhe1 (ZZ1) and Zhongzhe9 (ZZ9), from Guangxi and the local soybean variety GUIZAO2 from Guangxi for field interplanting experiments. These two cultivars of sugarcane have good drought resistance. Rhizosphere soil samples were collected from the two intercropping systems to measure physicochemical properties and soil enzyme activities and to extract total soil DNA for high-throughput sequencing. We found that the diversity of the rhizosphere bacterial community was significantly different between the two intercropping systems. Compared with ZZ1, the ZZ9 intercropping system enriched the nitrogen-fixing bacteria, increasing the available nitrogen content by 18% compared with that with ZZ1. In addition, ZZ9 intercropping with soybean formed a more compact rhizosphere environment than ZZ1, thus providing favorable conditions for sugarcane growth. These results provide guidance for the sugarcane industry, especially for the management of sugarcane and soybean intercropping in Guangxi, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Wenqing Ma
- Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute, Chongzuo, China
| | - Hongliang He
- Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute, Chongzuo, China
| | - Ziting Wang
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yanhong Cao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Livestock Genetic Improvement, The Animal Husbandry Research Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
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14
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Cellini A, Spinelli F, Donati I, Ryu CM, Kloepper JW. Bacterial volatile compound-based tools for crop management and quality. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:968-983. [PMID: 34147324 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria produce a huge diversity of metabolites, many of which mediate ecological relations. Among these, volatile compounds cause broad-range effects at low doses and, therefore, may be exploited for plant defence strategies and agricultural production, but such applications are still in their early development. Here, we review the latest technologies involving the use of bacterial volatile compounds for phytosanitary inspection, biological control, plant growth promotion, and crop quality. We highlight a variety of effects with a potential applicative interest, based on either live biocontrol and/or biostimulant agents, or the isolated metabolites responsible for the interaction with hosts or competitors. Future agricultural technologies may benefit from the development of new analytical tools to understand bacterial interactions with the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cellini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Spinelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Irene Donati
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Joseph W Kloepper
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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15
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Sangiorgio D, Cellini A, Spinelli F, Farneti B, Khomenko I, Muzzi E, Savioli S, Pastore C, Rodriguez-Estrada MT, Donati I. Does Organic Farming Increase Raspberry Quality, Aroma and Beneficial Bacterial Biodiversity? Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081617. [PMID: 34442697 PMCID: PMC8400319 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-associated microbes can shape plant phenotype, performance, and productivity. Cultivation methods can influence the plant microbiome structure and differences observed in the nutritional quality of differently grown fruits might be due to variations in the microbiome taxonomic and functional composition. Here, the influence of organic and integrated pest management (IPM) cultivation on quality, aroma and microbiome of raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) fruits was evaluated. Differences in the fruit microbiome of organic and IPM raspberry were examined by next-generation sequencing and bacterial isolates characterization to highlight the potential contribution of the resident-microflora to fruit characteristics and aroma. The cultivation method strongly influenced fruit nutraceutical traits, aroma and epiphytic bacterial biocoenosis. Organic cultivation resulted in smaller fruits with a higher anthocyanidins content and lower titratable acidity content in comparison to IPM berries. Management practices also influenced the amounts of acids, ketones, aldehydes and monoterpenes, emitted by fruits. Our results suggest that the effects on fruit quality could be related to differences in the population of Gluconobacter, Sphingomonas, Rosenbergiella, Brevibacillus and Methylobacterium on fruit. Finally, changes in fruit aroma can be partly explained by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by key bacterial genera characterizing organic and IPM raspberry fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Sangiorgio
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (D.S.); (A.C.); (E.M.); (S.S.); (C.P.); (M.T.R.-E.); (I.D.)
| | - Antonio Cellini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (D.S.); (A.C.); (E.M.); (S.S.); (C.P.); (M.T.R.-E.); (I.D.)
| | - Francesco Spinelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (D.S.); (A.C.); (E.M.); (S.S.); (C.P.); (M.T.R.-E.); (I.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-2096443
| | - Brian Farneti
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (B.F.); (I.K.)
| | - Iuliia Khomenko
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (B.F.); (I.K.)
| | - Enrico Muzzi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (D.S.); (A.C.); (E.M.); (S.S.); (C.P.); (M.T.R.-E.); (I.D.)
| | - Stefano Savioli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (D.S.); (A.C.); (E.M.); (S.S.); (C.P.); (M.T.R.-E.); (I.D.)
| | - Chiara Pastore
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (D.S.); (A.C.); (E.M.); (S.S.); (C.P.); (M.T.R.-E.); (I.D.)
| | - María Teresa Rodriguez-Estrada
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (D.S.); (A.C.); (E.M.); (S.S.); (C.P.); (M.T.R.-E.); (I.D.)
| | - Irene Donati
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (D.S.); (A.C.); (E.M.); (S.S.); (C.P.); (M.T.R.-E.); (I.D.)
- Zespri Fresh Produce, 40132 Bologna, Italy
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Berg G, Kusstatscher P, Abdelfattah A, Cernava T, Smalla K. Microbiome Modulation-Toward a Better Understanding of Plant Microbiome Response to Microbial Inoculants. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:650610. [PMID: 33897663 PMCID: PMC8060476 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.650610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-associated microorganisms are involved in important functions related to growth, performance and health of their hosts. Understanding their modes of action is important for the design of promising microbial inoculants for sustainable agriculture. Plant-associated microorganisms are able to interact with their hosts and often exert specific functions toward potential pathogens; the underlying in vitro interactions are well studied. In contrast, in situ effects of inoculants, and especially their impact on the plant indigenous microbiome was mostly neglected so far. Recently, microbiome research has revolutionized our understanding of plants as coevolved holobionts but also of indigenous microbiome-inoculant interactions. Here we disentangle the effects of microbial inoculants on the indigenous plant microbiome and point out the following types of plant microbiome modulations: (i) transient microbiome shifts, (ii) stabilization or increase of microbial diversity, (iii) stabilization or increase of plant microbiome evenness, (iv) restoration of a dysbiosis/compensation or reduction of a pathogen-induced shift, (v) targeted shifts toward plant beneficial members of the indigenous microbiota, and (vi) suppression of potential pathogens. Therefore, we suggest microbiome modulations as novel and efficient mode of action for microbial inoculants that can also be mediated via the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Kusstatscher
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Kornelia Smalla
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, Germany
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17
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Krug L, Morauf C, Donat C, Müller H, Cernava T, Berg G. Plant Growth-Promoting Methylobacteria Selectively Increase the Biomass of Biotechnologically Relevant Microalgae. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:427. [PMID: 32256478 PMCID: PMC7093331 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae, a diverse group of single-celled organisms exhibiting versatile traits, find broad applications in industry. However, high production costs require further efforts to optimize their production and to enhance biomass yields. In the present study, co-occurrence of algae and methylobacteria was observed when naturally occurring microalgae biofilms were subjected to 16S rRNA gene fragment amplicon sequencing. This bacterial group is so far less explored than other microalgae-associated bacteria in terms of mutualistic relationships that might be exploitable for biotechnological applications. In order to assess the potential of four plant growth-promoting strains from the genus Methylobacterium for increased algae biomass production, co-cultivation experiments were conducted with three industrially relevant microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus vacuolatus, and Haematococcus lacustris). For S. vacuolatus and H. lacustris, a significant increase in algal biomass formation of 1.3-fold to up to 14-fold was observed after 7 days of co-incubation. Visualization of mixed cultures using confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed a high abundance of methylobacteria in the phycosphere of H. lacustris and S. vacuolatus, visually attached to the algae’s surface forming a biofilm-like assemblage. Genome analyses revealed that features attributable to enhanced algal growth include genes involved in the synthesis of vitamins, siderophores and plant hormones. Our results provide evidence for the constructability of novel symbiotic algae-bacteria relationships with inter-kingdom supportive capacities, underlining the potential of microbial consortia as promising tool for sustainable biotechnology and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Krug
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.,acib GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Henry Müller
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
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Hara S, Matsuda M, Minamisawa K. Growth Stage-dependent Bacterial Communities in Soybean Plant Tissues: Methylorubrum Transiently Dominated in the Flowering Stage of the Soybean Shoot. Microbes Environ 2019; 34:446-450. [PMID: 31413227 PMCID: PMC6934392 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me19067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-associated bacteria are critical for plant growth and health. However, the effects of plant growth stages on the bacterial community remain unclear. Analyses of the microbiome associated with field-grown soybean revealed a marked shift in the bacterial community during the growth stages. The relative abundance of Methylorubrum in the leaf and stem increased from 0.2% to more than 45%, but decreased to approximately 15%, with a peak at the flowering stage at which nitrogen metabolism changed in the soybean plant. These results suggest the significance of a time-series analysis for understanding the relationship between the microbial community and host plant physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Hara
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University2–2–1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980–8577Japan
| | - Masatoshi Matsuda
- Genesis Research Institute Inc.4–1–35 Shinmachi, Noritake, Nishi-ku, Nagoya 451–0051Japan
| | - Kiwamu Minamisawa
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University2–2–1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980–8577Japan
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Allen ME, Piefer AJ, Cole SN, Werner JJ, Benziger PT, Grieneisen L, Britton SJ. Characterization of Microbial Communities Populating the Inflorescences of Humulus lupulus L. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/03610470.2019.1667739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary E. Allen
- Biology Department, Hartwick College, Oneonta, NY, U.S.A.
| | | | - Sean N. Cole
- Biologics Department, Q2 Solutions, Ithaca, NY, U.S.A.
| | - Jeffrey J. Werner
- Chemistry Department, State University of New York at Cortland, Cortland, NY, U.S.A.
| | - Peter T. Benziger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Book, NY, U.S.A.
| | - Laura Grieneisen
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, U.S.A.
| | - Scott J. Britton
- Research & Development, Brewery Duvel Moortgat, Puurs-Sint-Amands, Belgium
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20
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Wassermann B, Müller H, Berg G. An Apple a Day: Which Bacteria Do We Eat With Organic and Conventional Apples? Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1629. [PMID: 31396172 PMCID: PMC6667679 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apples are among the most consumed fruits world-wide. They represent a source of direct human exposure to bacterial communities, which is less studied. We analyzed the apple microbiome to detect differences between tissues and the impact of organic and conventional management by a combined approach of 16S rRNA gene amplicon analysis and qPCR, and visualization using fluorescence in situ hybridization and confocal laser scanning microscopy (FISH-CLSM). Each apple fruit harbors different tissues (stem, peel, fruit pulp, seeds, and calyx), which were colonized by distinct bacterial communities. Interestingly, fruit pulp and seeds were bacterial hot spots, while the peel was less colonized. In all, approximately 108 16S rRNA bacterial gene copy numbers were determined in each g apple. Abundances were not influenced by the management practice but we found a strong reduction in bacterial diversity and evenness in conventionally managed apples. In addition, despite the similar structure in general dominated by Proteobacteria (80%), Bacteroidetes (9%), Actinobacteria (5%), and Firmicutes (3%), significant shifts of almost 40% of bacterial genera and orders were monitored. Among them, especially bacterial signatures known for health-affecting potential were found to be enhanced in conventionally managed apples. Our results suggest that we consume about 100 million bacterial cells with one apple. Although this amount was the same, the bacterial composition was significantly different in conventionally and organically produced apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Wassermann
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Henry Müller
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
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21
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Attwood GT, Wakelin SA, Leahy SC, Rowe S, Clarke S, Chapman DF, Muirhead R, Jacobs JME. Applications of the Soil, Plant and Rumen Microbiomes in Pastoral Agriculture. Front Nutr 2019; 6:107. [PMID: 31380386 PMCID: PMC6646666 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of dairy, meat, and fiber by ruminant animals relies on the biological processes occurring in soils, forage plants, and the animals' rumens. Each of these components has an associated microbiome, and these have traditionally been viewed as distinct ecosystems. However, these microbiomes operate under similar ecological principles and are connected via water, energy flows, and the carbon and nitrogen nutrient cycles. Here, we summarize the microbiome research that has been done in each of these three environments (soils, forage plants, animals' rumen) and investigate what additional benefits may be possible through understanding the interactions between the various microbiomes. The challenge for future research is to enhance microbiome function by appropriate matching of plant and animal genotypes with the environment to improve the output and environmental sustainability of pastoral agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Suzanne Rowe
- Animal Science, AgResearch, Invermay, New Zealand
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22
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Cernava T, Chen X, Krug L, Li H, Yang M, Berg G. The tea leaf microbiome shows specific responses to chemical pesticides and biocontrol applications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 667:33-40. [PMID: 30825819 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The plant microbiome is known to be influenced by certain biotic as well as abiotic factors. Nevertheless, the drivers for specific changes in microbial community composition and structure are largely unknown. In the present study, the effects of chemical and biological treatments for plant protection on the indigenous microbiome of Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze were contrasted. Assessment of bacteria-specific ribosomal RNA gene fragment amplicons from a representative set of samples showed an increased microbial diversity in treated plants when compared to untreated samples. Moreover, distinct microbial fingerprints were found for plants subjected to a conventional pesticide treatment with lime sulfur as well as for plants that were biologically treated with a Piriformospora indica spore solution. The bacterial community of pesticide-treated plants was augmented by 11 taxa assigned to Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. In contrast, plants from biological control treatments were augmented by 10 taxa representing a more diversified community enrichment and included members of Actionobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, and Verrucomicrobia. Complementary, molecular quantification of fungi in the samples showed a significantly lower number of internal transcribed spacer copies in plants subjected to biological control treatments, indicating the highest efficiency against fungal pathogens. The overall results show that leaves that are used for tea production show distinct microbiome shifts that are elicited by common pest and pathogen management practices. These shifts in the microbial population indicate non-target effects of the applied treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Cernava
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, 550025 Guiyang, China; Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, 550025 Guiyang, China.
| | - Xiaoyulong Chen
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, 550025 Guiyang, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, 550025 Guiyang, China.
| | - Lisa Krug
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Haoxi Li
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, 550025 Guiyang, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, 550025 Guiyang, China
| | - Maofa Yang
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, 550025 Guiyang, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, 550025 Guiyang, China
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Maggini V, Bandeira Reidel RV, De Leo M, Mengoni A, Rosaria Gallo E, Miceli E, Biffi S, Fani R, Firenzuoli F, Bogani P, Pistelli L. Volatile profile of Echinacea purpurea plants after in vitro endophyte infection. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:2232-2237. [PMID: 30908079 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1579810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The differences in volatile profile of Echinacea purpurea plants not-inoculated (EpC) and inoculated with their endophytes from roots (EpR) and stem/leaves (EpS/L) were analysed and compared by GC-FID/GC-MS in an in vitro model. Non-terpenes and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were the most abundant classes with an opposite behaviour of EpS/L showing a decreased emission of sesquiterpenes and an increase of non-terpene derivatives. The main compounds obtained from EpS/L were (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol and 1-pentadecene, while germacrene D and β-caryophyllene were the key compounds in EpC and EpR. For the first time, this work indicates that bacterial endophytes modify the aroma profiles of infected and non-infected in vitro plants of the important medicinal plant E. purpurea. Therefore, our model of infection could permit to select endophytic strains to use as biotechnological tool in the production of medicinal plants enriched in volatile bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Maggini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Research and Innovation Center in Phytotherapy and Integrated Medicine - CERFIT Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessio Mengoni
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Eugenia Rosaria Gallo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Research and Innovation Center in Phytotherapy and Integrated Medicine - CERFIT Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisangela Miceli
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Sauro Biffi
- Botanical Garden Casola Valsenio, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Renato Fani
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Fabio Firenzuoli
- Research and Innovation Center in Phytotherapy and Integrated Medicine - CERFIT Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Patrizia Bogani
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Co-last author
| | - Luisa Pistelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Co-last author
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Cernava T, Erlacher A, Soh J, Sensen CW, Grube M, Berg G. Enterobacteriaceae dominate the core microbiome and contribute to the resistome of arugula (Eruca sativa Mill.). MICROBIOME 2019; 7:13. [PMID: 30696492 PMCID: PMC6352427 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0624-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arugula is a traditional medicinal plant and popular leafy green today. It is mainly consumed raw in the Western cuisine and known to contain various bioactive secondary metabolites. However, arugula has been also associated with high-profile outbreaks causing severe food-borne human diseases. A multiphasic approach integrating data from metagenomics, amplicon sequencing, and arugula-derived bacterial cultures was employed to understand the specificity of the indigenous microbiome and resistome of the edible plant parts. RESULTS Our results indicate that arugula is colonized by a diverse, plant habitat-specific microbiota. The indigenous phyllosphere bacterial community was shown to be dominated by Enterobacteriaceae, which are well-equipped with various antibiotic resistances. Unexpectedly, the prevalence of specific resistance mechanisms targeting therapeutic antibiotics (fluoroquinolone, chloramphenicol, phenicol, macrolide, aminocoumarin) was only surpassed by efflux pump assignments. CONCLUSIONS Enterobacteria, being core microbiome members of arugula, have a substantial implication in the overall resistome. Detailed insights into the natural occurrence of antibiotic resistances in arugula-associated microorganisms showed that the plant is a hotspot for distinctive defense mechanisms. The specific functioning of microorganisms in this unusual ecosystem provides a unique model to study antibiotic resistances in an ecological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Cernava
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Armin Erlacher
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jung Soh
- Institute of Computational Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph W. Sensen
- Institute of Computational Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Grube
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria
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25
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The Interaction Between Plants and Bacterial Endophytes Under Salinity Stress. REFERENCE SERIES IN PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-90484-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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26
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Wassermann B, Müller H, Berg G. An Apple a Day: Which Bacteria Do We Eat With Organic and Conventional Apples? Front Microbiol 2019. [PMID: 31396172 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01629/full] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Apples are among the most consumed fruits world-wide. They represent a source of direct human exposure to bacterial communities, which is less studied. We analyzed the apple microbiome to detect differences between tissues and the impact of organic and conventional management by a combined approach of 16S rRNA gene amplicon analysis and qPCR, and visualization using fluorescence in situ hybridization and confocal laser scanning microscopy (FISH-CLSM). Each apple fruit harbors different tissues (stem, peel, fruit pulp, seeds, and calyx), which were colonized by distinct bacterial communities. Interestingly, fruit pulp and seeds were bacterial hot spots, while the peel was less colonized. In all, approximately 108 16S rRNA bacterial gene copy numbers were determined in each g apple. Abundances were not influenced by the management practice but we found a strong reduction in bacterial diversity and evenness in conventionally managed apples. In addition, despite the similar structure in general dominated by Proteobacteria (80%), Bacteroidetes (9%), Actinobacteria (5%), and Firmicutes (3%), significant shifts of almost 40% of bacterial genera and orders were monitored. Among them, especially bacterial signatures known for health-affecting potential were found to be enhanced in conventionally managed apples. Our results suggest that we consume about 100 million bacterial cells with one apple. Although this amount was the same, the bacterial composition was significantly different in conventionally and organically produced apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Wassermann
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Henry Müller
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
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28
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Peredo EL, Simmons SL. Leaf-FISH: Microscale Imaging of Bacterial Taxa on Phyllosphere. Front Microbiol 2018; 8:2669. [PMID: 29375531 PMCID: PMC5767230 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular methods for microbial community characterization have uncovered environmental and plant-associated factors shaping phyllosphere communities. Variables undetectable using bulk methods can play an important role in shaping plant-microbe interactions. Microscale analysis of bacterial dynamics in the phyllosphere requires imaging techniques specially adapted to the high autoflouresence and 3-D structure of the leaf surface. We present an easily-transferable method (Leaf-FISH) to generate high-resolution tridimensional images of leaf surfaces that allows simultaneous visualization of multiple bacterial taxa in a structurally informed context, using taxon-specific fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide probes. Using a combination of leaf pretreatments coupled with spectral imaging confocal microscopy, we demonstrate the successful imaging bacterial taxa at the genus level on cuticular and subcuticular leaf areas. Our results confirm that different bacterial species, including closely related isolates, colonize distinct microhabitats in the leaf. We demonstrate that highly related Methylobacterium species have distinct colonization patterns that could not be predicted by shared physiological traits, such as carbon source requirements or phytohormone production. High-resolution characterization of microbial colonization patterns is critical for an accurate understanding of microbe-microbe and microbe-plant interactions, and for the development of foliar bacteria as plant-protective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena L Peredo
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Josephine Bay Paul Center, Woods Hole, MA, United States
| | - Sheri L Simmons
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Josephine Bay Paul Center, Woods Hole, MA, United States
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29
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Berg G, Köberl M, Rybakova D, Müller H, Grosch R, Smalla K. Plant microbial diversity is suggested as the key to future biocontrol and health trends. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2017; 93:3744313. [PMID: 28430944 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fix050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome of plants plays a crucial role in both plant and ecosystem health. Rapid advances in multi-omics tools are dramatically increasing access to the plant microbiome and consequently to the identification of its links with diseases and to the control of those diseases. Recent insights reveal a close, often symbiotic relationship between microorganisms and plants. Microorganisms can stimulate germination and plant growth, prevent diseases, and promote stress resistance and general fitness. Plants and their associated microorganisms form a holobiont and have to be considered as co-evolved species assemblages consisting of bacterial, archaeal and diverse eukaryotic species. The beneficial interplay of the host and its microbiome is responsible for maintaining the health of the holobiont, while diseases are often correlated with microbial dysbioses. Microbial diversity was identified as a key factor in preventing diseases and can be implemented as a biomarker in plant protection strategies. Targeted and predictive biocontrol approaches are possible by developing microbiome-based solutions. Moreover, combined breeding and biocontrol strategies maintaining diversity and ecosystem health are required. The analysis of plant microbiome data has brought about a paradigm shift in our understanding of its role in health and disease and has substantial consequences for biocontrol and health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB GmbH), Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Köberl
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Daria Rybakova
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Henry Müller
- BioTenzz, Plüddemanngasse 39, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rita Grosch
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Kornelia Smalla
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Messeweg 11-12, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
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30
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Singh M, Kumar A, Singh R, Pandey KD. Endophytic bacteria: a new source of bioactive compounds. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:315. [PMID: 28955612 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0942-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, bioactive compounds are in high demand in the pharmaceuticals and naturopathy, due to their health benefits to human and plants. Microorganisms synthesize these compounds and some enzymes either alone or in association with plants. Microbes residing inside the plant tissues, known as endophytes, also produce an array of these compounds. Endophytic actinomycetes act as a promising resource of biotechnologically valuable bioactive compounds and secondary metabolites. Endophytic Streptomyces sp. produced some novel antibiotics which are effective against multi-drug-resistant bacteria Antimicrobial agents produced by endophytes are eco-friendly, toxic to pathogens and do not harm the human. Endophytic inoculation of the plants modulates the synthesis of bioactive compounds with high pharmaceutical properties besides promoting growth of the plants. Hydrolases, the extracellular enzymes, produced by endophytic bacteria, help the plants to establish systemic resistance against pathogens invasion. Phytohormones produced by endophytes play an essential role in plant development and drought resistance management. The high diversity of endophytes and their adaptation to various environmental stresses seem to be an untapped source of new secondary metabolites. The present review summarizes the role of endophytic bacteria in synthesis and modulation of bioactive compounds.
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31
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Patrignani F, Montanari C, Serrazanetti DI, Braschi G, Vernocchi P, Tabanelli G, Parpinello GP, Versari A, Gardini F, Lanciotti R. Characterisation of yeast microbiota, chemical and sensory properties of organic and biodynamic Sangiovese red wines. ANN MICROBIOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-016-1241-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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32
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Berg G, Rybakova D, Grube M, Köberl M. The plant microbiome explored: implications for experimental botany. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:995-1002. [PMID: 26547794 PMCID: PMC5395086 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The importance of microbial root inhabitants for plant growth and health was recognized as early as 100 years ago. Recent insights reveal a close symbiotic relationship between plants and their associated microorganisms, and high structural and functional diversity within plant microbiomes. Plants provide microbial communities with specific habitats, which can be broadly categorized as the rhizosphere, phyllosphere, and endosphere. Plant-associated microbes interact with their host in essential functional contexts. They can stimulate germination and growth, help plants fend off disease, promote stress resistance, and influence plant fitness. Therefore, plants have to be considered as metaorganisms within which the associated microbes usually outnumber the cells belonging to the plant host. The structure of the plant microbiome is determined by biotic and abiotic factors but follows ecological rules. Metaorganisms are co-evolved species assemblages. The metabolism and morphology of plants and their microbiota are intensively connected with each other, and the interplay of both maintains the functioning and fitness of the holobiont. Our study of the current literature shows that analysis of plant microbiome data has brought about a paradigm shift in our understanding of the diverse structure and functioning of the plant microbiome with respect to the following: (i) the high interplay of bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protists; (ii) the high specificity even at cultivar level; (iii) the vertical transmission of core microbiomes; (iv) the extraordinary function of endophytes; and (v) several unexpected functions and metabolic interactions. The plant microbiome should be recognized as an additional factor in experimental botany and breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Berg
- Graz University of Technology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, 8010 Graz, Austria Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB GmbH), 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Daria Rybakova
- Graz University of Technology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Grube
- University of Graz, Institute of Plant Sciences, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Köberl
- Graz University of Technology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, 8010 Graz, Austria Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Biological Sciences Division, Richland, WA 99352, USA
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33
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Hardoim PR, van Overbeek LS, Berg G, Pirttilä AM, Compant S, Campisano A, Döring M, Sessitsch A. The Hidden World within Plants: Ecological and Evolutionary Considerations for Defining Functioning of Microbial Endophytes. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2015; 79:293-320. [PMID: 26136581 PMCID: PMC4488371 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00050-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1058] [Impact Index Per Article: 117.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
All plants are inhabited internally by diverse microbial communities comprising bacterial, archaeal, fungal, and protistic taxa. These microorganisms showing endophytic lifestyles play crucial roles in plant development, growth, fitness, and diversification. The increasing awareness of and information on endophytes provide insight into the complexity of the plant microbiome. The nature of plant-endophyte interactions ranges from mutualism to pathogenicity. This depends on a set of abiotic and biotic factors, including the genotypes of plants and microbes, environmental conditions, and the dynamic network of interactions within the plant biome. In this review, we address the concept of endophytism, considering the latest insights into evolution, plant ecosystem functioning, and multipartite interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo R. Hardoim
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | | | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Stéphane Compant
- Department of Health and Environment, Bioresources Unit, Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | - Andrea Campisano
- Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | | | - Angela Sessitsch
- Department of Health and Environment, Bioresources Unit, Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Tulln, Austria
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34
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The Hidden World within Plants: Ecological and Evolutionary Considerations for Defining Functioning of Microbial Endophytes. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2015. [PMID: 26136581 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00050-14.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
All plants are inhabited internally by diverse microbial communities comprising bacterial, archaeal, fungal, and protistic taxa. These microorganisms showing endophytic lifestyles play crucial roles in plant development, growth, fitness, and diversification. The increasing awareness of and information on endophytes provide insight into the complexity of the plant microbiome. The nature of plant-endophyte interactions ranges from mutualism to pathogenicity. This depends on a set of abiotic and biotic factors, including the genotypes of plants and microbes, environmental conditions, and the dynamic network of interactions within the plant biome. In this review, we address the concept of endophytism, considering the latest insights into evolution, plant ecosystem functioning, and multipartite interactions.
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35
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Iguchi H, Yurimoto H, Sakai Y. Interactions of Methylotrophs with Plants and Other Heterotrophic Bacteria. Microorganisms 2015; 3:137-51. [PMID: 27682083 PMCID: PMC5023238 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms3020137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylotrophs, which can utilize methane and/or methanol as sole carbon and energy sources, are key players in the carbon cycle between methane and CO2, the two most important greenhouse gases. This review describes the relationships between methylotrophs and plants, and between methanotrophs (methane-utilizers, a subset of methylotrophs) and heterotrophic bacteria. Some plants emit methane and methanol from their leaves, and provide methylotrophs with habitats. Methanol-utilizing methylotrophs in the genus Methylobacterium are abundant in the phyllosphere and have the ability to promote the growth of some plants. Methanotrophs also inhabit the phyllosphere, and methanotrophs with high methane oxidation activities have been found on aquatic plants. Both plant and environmental factors are involved in shaping the methylotroph community on plants. Methanotrophic activity can be enhanced by heterotrophic bacteria that provide growth factors (e.g., cobalamin). Information regarding the biological interaction of methylotrophs with other organisms will facilitate a better understanding of the carbon cycle that is driven by methylotrophs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Iguchi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Hiroya Yurimoto
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Yasuyoshi Sakai
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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36
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Dourado MN, Aparecida Camargo Neves A, Santos DS, Araújo WL. Biotechnological and agronomic potential of endophytic pink-pigmented methylotrophic Methylobacterium spp. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:909016. [PMID: 25861650 PMCID: PMC4377440 DOI: 10.1155/2015/909016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The genus Methylobacterium is composed of pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophic (PPFM) bacteria, which are able to synthesize carotenoids and grow on reduced organic compounds containing one carbon (C1), such as methanol and methylamine. Due to their high phenotypic plasticity, these bacteria are able to colonize different habitats, such as soil, water, and sediment, and different host plants as both endophytes and epiphytes. In plant colonization, the frequency and distribution may be influenced by plant genotype or by interactions with other associated microorganisms, which may result in increasing plant fitness. In this review, different aspects of interactions with the host plant are discussed, including their capacity to fix nitrogen, nodule the host plant, produce cytokinins, auxin and enzymes involved in the induction of systemic resistance, such as pectinase and cellulase, and therefore plant growth promotion. In addition, bacteria belonging to this group can be used to reduce environmental contamination because they are able to degrade toxic compounds, tolerate high heavy metal concentrations, and increase plant tolerance to these compounds. Moreover, genome sequencing and omics approaches have revealed genes related to plant-bacteria interactions that may be important for developing strains able to promote plant growth and protection against phytopathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daiene Souza Santos
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Welington Luiz Araújo
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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37
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Erlacher A, Cernava T, Cardinale M, Soh J, Sensen CW, Grube M, Berg G. Rhizobiales as functional and endosymbiontic members in the lichen symbiosis of Lobaria pulmonaria L. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:53. [PMID: 25713563 PMCID: PMC4322706 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizobiales (Alphaproteobacteria) are well-known beneficial partners in plant-microbe interactions. Less is known about the occurrence and function of Rhizobiales in the lichen symbiosis, although it has previously been shown that Alphaproteobacteria are the dominating group in growing lichen thalli. We have analyzed the taxonomic structure and assigned functions to Rhizobiales within a metagenomic dataset of the lung lichen Lobaria pulmonaria L. One third (32.2%) of the overall bacteria belong to the Rhizobiales, in particular to the families Methylobacteriaceae, Bradyrhizobiaceae, and Rhizobiaceae. About 20% of our metagenomic assignments could not be placed in any of the Rhizobiales lineages, which indicates a yet undescribed bacterial diversity. SEED-based functional analysis focused on Rhizobiales and revealed functions supporting the symbiosis, including auxin and vitamin production, nitrogen fixation and stress protection. We also have used a specifically developed probe to localize Rhizobiales by confocal laser scanning microscopy after fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH-CLSM). Bacteria preferentially colonized fungal surfaces, but there is clear evidence that members of the Rhizobiales are able to intrude at varying depths into the interhyphal gelatinous matrix of the upper lichen cortical layer and that at least occasionally some bacteria also are capable to colonize the interior of the fungal hyphae. Interestingly, the gradual development of an endosymbiotic bacterial life was found for lichen- as well as for fungal- and plant-associated bacteria. The new tools to study Rhizobiales, FISH microscopy and comparative metagenomics, suggest a similar beneficial role for lichens than for plants and will help to better understand the Rhizobiales-host interaction and their biotechnological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Erlacher
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology Graz, Austria ; Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Graz Graz, Austria
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology Graz, Austria
| | - Massimiliano Cardinale
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology Graz, Austria ; Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Graz Graz, Austria
| | - Jung Soh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Christoph W Sensen
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, AG Computational Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Grube
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Graz Graz, Austria
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology Graz, Austria
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Nasopoulou C, Pohjanen J, Koskimäki JJ, Zabetakis I, Pirttilä AM. Localization of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) and Methylobacterium extorquens genes of strawberry flavor biosynthesis in strawberry tissue by in situ hybridization. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:1099-1105. [PMID: 24973582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Strawberry flavor is one of the most popular fruit flavors worldwide, with numerous applications in the food industry. In addition, the biosynthetic origin of the most important strawberry flavor components, such as 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-2H-furan-3-one (DMHF), is a challenging research area. DMHF's precursor, 2-hydroxy-propanal (or lactaldehyde), is biosynthesized by the endophytic bacterium Methylobacterium extorquens (M. extorquens). In particular, the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzymes of M. extorquens are involved in the biogenesis of DMHF precursors since they have the capacity to oxidize the strawberry-derived 1,2-propanediol to lactaldehyde. In this study, the expression of the endophytic ADH and the plant DMHF biosynthesis genes was examined in the tissues of raw and ripe strawberry receptacles by in situ hybridization. The presence of endophytic bacteria was studied in the same tissues by probes targeting bacterial 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid. Hybridization signals of probes specific for endophytic ADH and plant DMHF biosynthesis genes, as well as bacteria-specific probes, were detected in the same locations. The probes were localized near the plasma membranes or intercellular spaces of cortical and vascular tissues of the receptacle, and intracellularly in the tissues of achenes. By localizing the expression of the endophytic methanol ADH and plant DMHF biosynthesis genes to the same tissues, we have reinforced our original hypothesis that an intimate symbiotic relationship between strawberry and endophytic cells exists and leads to the biosynthesis of DMHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantina Nasopoulou
- Department of Biology, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland; Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zografou, 157 84, Athens, Greece.
| | - Johanna Pohjanen
- Department of Biology, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Janne J Koskimäki
- Department of Biology, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ioannis Zabetakis
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zografou, 157 84, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Maria Pirttilä
- Department of Biology, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
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Brader G, Compant S, Mitter B, Trognitz F, Sessitsch A. Metabolic potential of endophytic bacteria. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2014; 27:30-7. [PMID: 24863894 PMCID: PMC4045207 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial endophytic microbiome promotes plant growth and health and beneficial effects are in many cases mediated and characterized by metabolic interactions. Recent advances have been made in regard to metabolite production by plant microsymbionts showing that they may produce a range of different types of metabolites. These substances play a role in defense and competition, but may also be needed for specific interaction and communication with the plant host. Furthermore, few examples of bilateral metabolite production are known and endophytes may modulate plant metabolite synthesis as well. We have just started to understand such metabolic interactions between plants and endophytes, however, further research is needed to more efficiently make use of beneficial plant-microbe interactions and to reduce pathogen infestation as well as to reveal novel bioactive substances of commercial interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Brader
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Bioresources Unit, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Stéphane Compant
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Bioresources Unit, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Birgit Mitter
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Bioresources Unit, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Friederike Trognitz
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Bioresources Unit, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Angela Sessitsch
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Bioresources Unit, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
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Kulkarni R, Chidley H, Deshpande A, Schmidt A, Pujari K, Giri A, Gershenzon J, Gupta V. An oxidoreductase from 'Alphonso' mango catalyzing biosynthesis of furaneol and reduction of reactive carbonyls. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:494. [PMID: 24133645 PMCID: PMC3797322 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Two furanones, furaneol (4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone) and mesifuran (2,5-dimethyl-4-methoxy-3(2H)-furanone), are important constituents of flavor of the Alphonso cultivar of mango (Mangifera indica). To get insights into the biosynthesis of these furanones, we isolated an enone oxidoreductase gene from the Alphonso mango. It has high sequence similarity to an alkenal/one oxidoreductase from cucumber (79% identity) and enone oxidoreductases from tomato (73% identity) and strawberry (72% identity). The complete open reading frame was expressed in E. coli and the (his)6-tagged recombinant protein was purified by affinity chromatography. The purified protein assayed with NADH as a reducing agent converted D-fructose-1,6-diphosphate into furaneol, the immediate precursor of mesifuran. The enzyme was also able to convert two highly reactive carbonyls, 3-buten-2-one and 1-penten-3-one, produced by lipid peroxidation in plants, into their saturated derivatives. Expression profiling in various ripening stages of Alphonso fruits depicted an expression maxima at 10 days after harvest stage, shortly before the appearance of the maximum amount of furanones (completely ripe stage, 15 days after harvest). Although no furanones were detected at the 0 day after harvest stage, significant expression of this gene was detected in the fruits at this stage. Overall, the results suggest that this oxidoreductase plays important roles in Alphonso mango fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Kulkarni
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411 008 India ; Center of Excellence in Epigenetics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, 411 008 India
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Iguchi H, Sato I, Yurimoto H, Sakai Y. Stress resistance and C1 metabolism involved in plant colonization of a methanotroph Methylosinus sp. B4S. Arch Microbiol 2013; 195:717-26. [PMID: 24037422 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-013-0922-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Methanotrophs are widespread and have been isolated from various environments including the phyllosphere. In this study, we characterized the plant colonization by Methylosinus sp. B4S, an α-proteobacterial methanotroph isolated from plant leaf. The gfp-tagged Methylosinus sp. B4S cells were observed to colonize Arabidopsis leaf surfaces by forming aggregates. We cloned and sequenced the general stress response genes, phyR, nepR and ecfG, from Methylosinus sp. B4S. In vitro analysis showed that the phyR expression level was increased after heat shock challenge, and phyR was shown to be involved in resistance to heat shock and UV light. In the phyllospheric condition, the gene expression level of phyR as well as mmoX and mxaF was found to be relatively high, compared with methane-grown liquid cultures. The phyR-deletion strain as well as the wild-type strain inoculated on Arabidopsis leaves proliferated at the initial phase and then gradually decreased during plant colonization. These results have shed light firstly on the importance of general stress resistance and C1 metabolism in methanotroph living in the phyllosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Iguchi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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Schwab W. Natural 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (Furaneol®). Molecules 2013; 18:6936-51. [PMID: 23765232 PMCID: PMC6269858 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18066936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
4-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (HDMF, furaneol®) and its methyl ether 2,5-dimethyl-4-methoxy-3(2H)-furanone (DMMF) are import aroma chemicals and are considered key flavor compounds in many fruit. Due to their attractive sensory properties they are highly appreciated by the food industry. In fruits 2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanones are synthesized by a series of enzymatic steps whereas HDMF is also a product of the Maillard reaction. Numerous methods for the synthetic preparation of these compounds have been published and are applied by industry, but for the development of a biotechnological process the knowledge and availability of biosynthetic enzymes are required. During the last years substantial progress has been made in the elucidation of the biological pathway leading to HDMF and DMMF. This review summarizes the latest advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str 1, 85354 Freising, Germany.
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Abrahão MR, Molina G, Pastore GM. Endophytes: Recent developments in biotechnology and the potential for flavor production. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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FURUHATA KATSUNORI, BANZAI AZUSAU, KAWAKAMI YASUSHI, ISHIZAKI NAOTO, YOSHIDA YOSHIHIRO, GOTO KEIICHI, FUKUYAMA MASAFUMI. Genotyping and Chlorine-Resistance of Methylobacterium aquaticum Isolated from Water Samples in Japan. Biocontrol Sci 2011; 16:103-7. [DOI: 10.4265/bio.16.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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