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Cochennec M, Devriendt-Renault Y, Massat F, Guérin T, Ollivier P, Colombano S, Parinet J. Microwave-enhanced thermal removal of organochlorine pesticide (chlordecone) from contaminated soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141486. [PMID: 38367875 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Soil contamination with chlordecone, an organochlorine pesticide, is causing serious health problems, affecting crop production and local livestock valorization in the French West Indies. In-situ chemical reduction (ISCR) processes for soil remediation have shown promise but need improvement in terms of time, cost and effective treatment, particularly for andosol soil types. Our study shows that a 10-min microwave treatment significantly reduces chlordecone concentrations (50-90%) in contaminated andosol and nitisol soils. Dry andosol soils show the highest removal yields and reach a higher final temperature (350 °C). Microwave treatment is in all cases more effective or at least as effective as 60 min of conventional heating at a target temperature of 200 °C. The thermal response of andosol and nitisol to microwave exposure is different, as the former is likely to undergo thermal runaway, reaching high temperatures in a short time, resulting in highly efficient thermal removal of chlordecone. These results encourage further scale-up, particularly for the treatment of andosol soils due to their strong microwave response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoann Devriendt-Renault
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, F-94701, Maison-Alfort, France; LDA26, Departmental Laboratory of Analyses of La Drôme, F-26000, Valence, France.
| | - Félix Massat
- LDA26, Departmental Laboratory of Analyses of La Drôme, F-26000, Valence, France
| | - Thierry Guérin
- ANSES, Strategy and Programmes Department, F-94701, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | | | - Julien Parinet
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, F-94701, Maison-Alfort, France
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2
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Martin DE, Alnajjar P, Muselet D, Soligot-Hognon C, Kanso H, Pacaud S, Le Roux Y, Saaidi PL, Feidt C. Efficient biodegradation of the recalcitrant organochlorine pesticide chlordecone under methanogenic conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166345. [PMID: 37591382 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) has long been studied as an effective environmental and economic strategy for treating matrices contaminated with recalcitrant pollutants. In the present work, we investigated the bioremediation potential of AD on organic waste contaminated with chlordecone (CLD), an organochlorine pesticide extensively used in the French West Indies and classified among the most persistent organic pollutants. Digestates from animal and plant origins were supplemented with CLD and incubated under methanogenic conditions for over 40 days. The redox potential and pH monitoring showed that methanogenic conditions were preserved during the entire incubation period despite the presence of CLD. In addition, the comparison of the total biogas generated from digestates with and without CLD demonstrated no adverse effects of CLD on biogas production. For the first time, a QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) extraction method, followed by GC-MS and LC-HRMS analyses, was developed to quantify CLD and its main known transformation products (TPs) in AD experiments. A decrease in CLD concentrations was evident to a greater extent under thermophilic conditions (55 °C) compared to mesophilic conditions (37.5 °C) (CLD removal of 85 % and 42 %, respectively, after 40 days of incubation). CLD degradation was confirmed by the detection and quantification of several TPs: 10-monohydroCLD (A1), two dihydroCLDs different from 2,8-dihydroCLD (A3), pentachloroindene (B1), tetrachloroindenes (B2, B3/B4), tetra- and tri-chloroindenecarboxylic acids (C1/C2, C3/C4). Determining TPs concentrations using the QuEChERS method provided an overview of CLD fate in AD. Overall, these results reveal that AD processes can efficiently degrade CLD into several TPs from A, B, and C families while maintaining satisfactory biogas production. They pave the way to developing a scaled-up AD process capable of treating CLD-contaminated organic wastes produced by farming, thus stopping any further transfer of CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Déborah E Martin
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Perla Alnajjar
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UR AFPA, 54500 Nancy, France; Ecole doctorale en Sciences et Technologie, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Delphine Muselet
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | | | - Hussein Kanso
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Stéphane Pacaud
- Université de Lorraine, ENSAIA, Chaire Industrielle Agrométha, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Yves Le Roux
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UR AFPA, 54500 Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, ENSAIA, Chaire Industrielle Agrométha, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Pierre-Loïc Saaidi
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France.
| | - Cyril Feidt
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UR AFPA, 54500 Nancy, France
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Hellal J, Saaidi PL, Bristeau S, Crampon M, Muselet D, Della-Negra O, Mauffret A, Mouvet C, Joulian C. Microbial Transformation of Chlordecone and Two Transformation Products Formed During in situ Chemical Reduction. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:742039. [PMID: 34803959 PMCID: PMC8600967 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.742039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlordecone (CLD) is a very persistent synthetic organochlorine pesticide found in the French West Indies. Recently published work has demonstrated the potential of zero-valent iron to dechlorinate CLD by in situ chemical reduction (ISCR) in soils under water-saturated conditions, forming mono- to penta-dechlorinated CLD transformation products. These transformation products are more mobile than CLD and less toxic; however, nothing is known about their further degradation, although increasing evidence of CLD biodegradation by bacteria is being found. The present study began with the enrichment from wastewater sludge of a CLD-transforming community which was then inoculated into fresh media in the presence of either CLD or two of the main ISCR transformation products, 10-monohydroCLD (-1Cl-CLD) and tri-hydroCLD (-3Cl-CLD). Carried out in triplicate batches and incubated at 38°C under anoxic conditions and in the dark, the cultures were sampled regularly during 3 months and analyzed for CLD, -1Cl-CLD, -3Cl-CLD, and possible transformation products by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. All batches showed a decrease in the amended substrates (CLD or hydroCLD). CLD degradation occurred with concomitant formation of a nine-carbon compound (pentachloroindene) and two sulfur-containing transformation products (chlordecthiol, CLD-SH; methyl chlordecsulfide, CLD-SCH3), demonstrating competing transformation pathways. In contrast, -1Cl-CLD and -3Cl-CLD only underwent a sequential reductive sulfidation/S-methylation process resulting in -1Cl-CLD-SH and -1Cl-CLD-SCH3 on the one hand, and -3Cl-CLD-SH, -3Cl-CLD-SCH3 on the other hand. Some sulfur-containing transformation products have been reported previously with single bacterial strains, but never in the presence of a complex microbial community. At the end of the experiment, bacterial and archaeal populations were investigated by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The observed diversity was mostly similar in the CLD and -1Cl-CLD conditions to the inoculum with a dominant archaea genus, Methanobacterium, and four OTU affiliated to bacteria, identified at the family (Spirochaetaceae) or genus level (Desulfovibrio, Aminobacterium, and Soehngenia). On the other hand, in the -3Cl-CLD condition, although the same OTU were found, Clostridium sensu stricto 7, Candidatus Cloacimonas, and Proteiniphilum were also present at > 2% sequences. Presence of methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria could contribute to sulfidation and S-methylation biotransformations. Overall, these results contribute to increasing our knowledge on the biodegradability of CLD and its transformation products, helping to progress toward effective remediation solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre-Loïc Saaidi
- UMR 8030 Génomique Métabolique, CEA, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Genoscope, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | | | | | - Delphine Muselet
- UMR 8030 Génomique Métabolique, CEA, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Genoscope, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Oriane Della-Negra
- UMR 8030 Génomique Métabolique, CEA, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Genoscope, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
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Barbance A, Della-Negra O, Chaussonnerie S, Delmas V, Muselet D, Ugarte E, Saaidi PL, Weissenbach J, Fischer C, Le Paslier D, Fonknechten N. Genetic Analysis of Citrobacter sp.86 Reveals Involvement of Corrinoids in Chlordecone and Lindane Biotransformations. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:590061. [PMID: 33240246 PMCID: PMC7680753 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.590061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlordecone (Kepone®) and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH or lindane) have been used for decades in the French West Indies (FWI) resulting in long-term soil and water pollution. In a previous work, we have identified a new Citrobacter species (sp.86) that is able to transform chlordecone into numerous products under anaerobic conditions. No homologs to known reductive dehalogenases or other candidate genes were found in the genome sequence of Citrobacter sp.86. However, a complete anaerobic pathway for cobalamin biosynthesis was identified. In this study, we investigated whether cobalamin or intermediates of cobalamin biosynthesis was required for chlordecone microbiological transformation. For this purpose, we constructed a set of four Citrobacter sp.86 mutant strains defective in several genes belonging to the anaerobic cobalamin biosynthesis pathway. We monitored chlordecone and its transformation products (TPs) during long-term incubation in liquid cultures under anaerobic conditions. Chlordecone TPs were detected in the case of cobalamin-producing Citrobacter sp.86 wild-type strain but also in the case of mutants able to produce corrinoids devoid of lower ligand. In contrast, mutants unable to insert the cobalt atom in precorrin-2 did not induce any transformation of chlordecone. In addition, it was found that lindane, previously shown to be anaerobically transformed by Citrobacter freundii without evidence of a mechanism, was also degraded in the presence of the wild-type strain of Citrobacter sp.86. The lindane degradation abilities of the various Citrobacter sp.86 mutant strains paralleled chlordecone transformation. The present study shows the involvement of cobalt-containing corrinoids in the microbial degradation of chlorinated compounds with different chemical structures. Their increased production in contaminated environments could accelerate the decontamination processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Barbance
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Oriane Della-Negra
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Sébastien Chaussonnerie
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Valérie Delmas
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Delphine Muselet
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Edgardo Ugarte
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Pierre-Loïc Saaidi
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Jean Weissenbach
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Cécile Fischer
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Denis Le Paslier
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
- Denis Le Paslier,
| | - Nuria Fonknechten
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie Expérimentale, IRCM, Institut François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay aux Roses, France
- *Correspondence: Nuria Fonknechten,
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5
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Transformation of the recalcitrant pesticide chlordecone by Desulfovibrio sp.86 with a switch from ring-opening dechlorination to reductive sulfidation activity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13545. [PMID: 32782344 PMCID: PMC7419502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70124-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The insecticide chlordecone has been used in the French West Indies for decades, resulting in long term pollution, human health problems and social crisis. In addition to bacterial consortia and Citrobacter sp.86 previously described to transform chlordecone into three families of transformation products (A: hydrochlordecones, B: polychloroindenes and C: polychloroindenecarboxylic acids), another bacterium Desulfovibrio sp.86, showing the same abilities has been isolated and its genome was sequenced. Ring-opening dechlorination, leading to A, B and C families, was observed as previously described. Changing operating conditions in the presence of chlordecone gave rise to the formation of an unknown sulfur-containing transformation product instead of the aforementioned ones. Its structural elucidation enabled to conclude to a thiol derivative, which corresponds to an undocumented bacterial reductive sulfidation. Microbial experiments pointed out that the chlordecone thiol derivative was observed in anaerobiosis, and required the presence of an electron acceptor containing sulfur or hydrogen sulfide, in a confined atmosphere. It seems that this new reaction is also active on hydrochlordecones, as the 10-monohydrochlordecone A1 was transformed the same way. Moreover, the chlordecone thiol derivative called F1 was detected in several chlordecone contaminated mangrove bed sediments from Martinique Island, highlighting the environmental relevance of these results.
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Lomheim L, Laquitaine L, Rambinaising S, Flick R, Starostine A, Jean-Marius C, Edwards EA, Gaspard S. Evidence for extensive anaerobic dechlorination and transformation of the pesticide chlordecone (C10Cl10O) by indigenous microbes in microcosms from Guadeloupe soil. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231219. [PMID: 32282845 PMCID: PMC7153859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The historic use of chlordecone (C10Cl10O) as a pesticide to control banana weevil infestations has resulted in pollution of large land areas in the French West Indies. Although currently banned, chlordecone persists because it adsorbs strongly to soil and its complex bis-homocubane structure is stable, particularly under aerobic conditions. Abiotic chemical transformation catalyzed by reduced vitamin B12 has been shown to break down chlordecone by opening the cage structure to produce C9 polychloroindenes. More recently these C9 polychloroindenes were also observed as products of anaerobic microbiological transformation. To investigate the anaerobic biotransformation of chlordecone by microbes native to the French West Indies, microcosms were constructed anaerobically from chlordecone impacted Guadeloupe soil and sludge to mimic natural attenuation and eletron donor-stimulated reductive dechlorination. Original microcosms and transfers were incubated over a period of 8 years, during which they were repeatedly amended with chlordecone and electron donor (ethanol and acetone). Using LC-MS, chlordecone and degradation products were detected in all the biologically active microcosms. Observed products included monohydro-, dihydro- and trihydrochlordecone derivatives (C10Cl10-nO2Hn; n = 1,2,3), as well as “open cage” C9 polychloroindene compounds (C9Cl5-nH3+n n = 0,1,2) and C10 carboxylated polychloroindene derivatives (C10Cl4-nO2H4+n, n = 0–3). Products with as many as 9 chlorine atoms removed were detected. These products were not observed in sterile (poisoned) microcosms. Chlordecone concentrations decreased in active microcosms as concentrations of products increased, indicating that anaerobic dechlorination processes have occurred. The data enabled a crude estimation of partitioning coefficients between soil and water, showing that carboxylated intermediates sorb poorly and as a consequence may be flushed away, while polychlorinated indenes sorb strongly to soil. Microbial community analysis in microcosms revealed enrichment of anaerobic fermenting and acetogenic microbes possibly involved in anaerobic chlordecone biotransformation. It thus should be possible to stimuilate anaerobic dechlorination through donor amendment to contaminated soils, particularly as some metabolites (in particular pentachloroindene) were already detected in field samples as a result of intrinsic processes. Extensive dechlorination in the microcosms, with evidence for up to 9 Cl atoms removed from the parent molecule is game-changing, giving hope to the possibility of using bioremediation to reduce the impact of CLD contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Lomheim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laurent Laquitaine
- Département de Chimie, Laboratory COVACHIMM2E, Université des Antilles, Pointe à Pitre Cedex, Guadeloupe (FWI), France
| | - Suly Rambinaising
- Département de Chimie, Laboratory COVACHIMM2E, Université des Antilles, Pointe à Pitre Cedex, Guadeloupe (FWI), France
| | - Robert Flick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrei Starostine
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Corine Jean-Marius
- Département de Chimie, Laboratory COVACHIMM2E, Université des Antilles, Pointe à Pitre Cedex, Guadeloupe (FWI), France
| | - Elizabeth A. Edwards
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail: (EAE); (SG)
| | - Sarra Gaspard
- Département de Chimie, Laboratory COVACHIMM2E, Université des Antilles, Pointe à Pitre Cedex, Guadeloupe (FWI), France
- * E-mail: (EAE); (SG)
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Gamboa-Carballo JJ, Ferino-Pérez A, Rana VK, Levalois-Grützmacher J, Gaspard S, Montero-Cabrera LA, Jáuregui-Haza UJ. Theoretical Evaluation of the Molecular Inclusion Process between Chlordecone and Cyclodextrins: A New Method for Mitigating the Basis Set Superposition Error in the Case of an Implicit Solvation Model. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:2115-2125. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b01064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Gamboa-Carballo
- Instituto Superior de Tecnologías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de La Habana, Avenida Salvador Allende 1110, La Habana CP 10600, Cuba
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Anthuan Ferino-Pérez
- Instituto Superior de Tecnologías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de La Habana, Avenida Salvador Allende 1110, La Habana CP 10600, Cuba
| | - Vijay Kumar Rana
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Joëlle Levalois-Grützmacher
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Université des Antilles, Fouillole, Pointe-à-Pitre 97157, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Sarra Gaspard
- Laboratoire COVACHIM M2E, Université des Antilles, Fouillole, Pointe-à-Pitre 97157, Guadeloupe, France
| | | | - Ulises Javier Jáuregui-Haza
- Instituto Superior de Tecnologías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de La Habana, Avenida Salvador Allende 1110, La Habana CP 10600, Cuba
- Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo, Av. de Los Próceres 49, Santo Domingo 10602, Dominican Republic
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Chevallier ML, Della-Negra O, Chaussonnerie S, Barbance A, Muselet D, Lagarde F, Darii E, Ugarte E, Lescop E, Fonknechten N, Weissenbach J, Woignier T, Gallard JF, Vuilleumier S, Imfeld G, Le Paslier D, Saaidi PL. Natural Chlordecone Degradation Revealed by Numerous Transformation Products Characterized in Key French West Indies Environmental Compartments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:6133-6143. [PMID: 31082212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Production and use of the insecticide chlordecone has caused long-term environmental pollution in the James River area and the French West Indies (FWI) that has resulted in acute human-health problems and a social crisis. High levels of chlordecone in FWI soils, even after its ban decades ago, and the absence of detection of transformation products (TPs), have suggested that chlordecone is virtually nonbiodegradable in the environment. Here, we investigated laboratory biodegradation, consisting of bacterial liquid cultures and microcosms inoculated with FWI soils, using a dual nontargeted GC-MS and LC-HRMS approach. In addition to previously reported, partly characterized hydrochlordecones and polychloroindenes (families A and B), we discovered 14 new chlordecone TPs, assigned to four families (B, C, D, and E). Organic synthesis and NMR analyses allowed us to achieve the complete structural elucidation of 19 TPs. Members of TP families A, B, C, and E were detected in soil, sediment, and water samples from Martinique and include 17 TPs not initially found in commercial chlordecone formulations. 2,4,5,6,7-Pentachloroindene was the most prominent TP, with levels similar to those of chlordecone. Overall, our results clearly show that chlordecone pollution extends beyond the parent chlordecone molecule and includes a considerable number of previously undetected TPs. Structural diversity of the identified TPs illustrates the complexity of chlordecone degradation in the environment and raises the possibility of extensive worldwide pollution of soil and aquatic ecosystems by chlordecone TPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion L Chevallier
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope , Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay , 91057 , Evry , France
| | - Oriane Della-Negra
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope , Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay , 91057 , Evry , France
| | - Sébastien Chaussonnerie
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope , Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay , 91057 , Evry , France
| | - Agnès Barbance
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope , Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay , 91057 , Evry , France
| | - Delphine Muselet
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope , Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay , 91057 , Evry , France
| | - Florian Lagarde
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope , Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay , 91057 , Evry , France
| | - Ekaterina Darii
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope , Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay , 91057 , Evry , France
| | - Edgardo Ugarte
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope , Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay , 91057 , Evry , France
| | - Ewen Lescop
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS - UPR , 2301 Bâtiment 27, 1 avenue de la Terrasse , 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Nuria Fonknechten
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope , Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay , 91057 , Evry , France
| | - Jean Weissenbach
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope , Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay , 91057 , Evry , France
| | - Thierry Woignier
- Aix Marseille Univ, Univ Avignon, CNRS, IRD, IMBE , Avenue Escadrille Normandie Niemen , 13397 Marseille , France
- IRD, UMR IMBE , Campus Agro Environnemental Caraïbes B. P. 214 Petit Morne , 97235 Le Lamentin, Martinique , France
| | - Jean-François Gallard
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS - UPR , 2301 Bâtiment 27, 1 avenue de la Terrasse , 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Vuilleumier
- Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie (GMGM) , Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7156 CNRS , 4 allée Konrad Roentgen , 67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Gwenaël Imfeld
- Laboratory of Hydrology and Geochemistry of Strasbourg (LHyGeS) , Université de Strasbourg , UMR 7517 CNRS/EOST, 1 Rue Blessig , 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Denis Le Paslier
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope , Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay , 91057 , Evry , France
| | - Pierre-Loïc Saaidi
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope , Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay , 91057 , Evry , France
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Ranguin R, Durimel A, Karioua R, Gaspard S. Study of chlordecone desorption from activated carbons and subsequent dechlorination by reduced cobalamin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:25488-25499. [PMID: 28699005 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9542-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Since 1972, the French departments of Guadeloupe and Martinique have intensively used organochlorinated pesticides such as chlordecone (CLD) and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers to prevent the proliferation of banana weevil (Cosmopolite sordidus). These molecules are stable in the environment, leading to a continuous contamination of soils, water, and food chain in the banana-producing areas. In these polluted areas, water treatment plants are equipped with activated carbon (AC) filters. In order to improve treatment of CLD-contaminated waters by AC, CLD adsorption and desorption kinetic studies are carried out using different ACs produced from sugar cane bagasse as adsorbents and subsequent CLD degradation is performed using reduced vitamin B12 (VB12). A GC-MS method for CLD quantification is as well optimized. This study shows that bagasse ACs are able to capture the pollutant, leading to a CLD concentration decrease from 1 to 73 μg L-1, with an adsorption capacity of 162 μg mg-1. Adsorption capacity increase with the temperature indicates an endothermic process. Polar solvents favor CLD desorption from ACs, suggesting hydrogen bonding between CLD and surface groups of ACs, the best solvent for chemical desorption being ethanol. Subsequent degradation of CLD in ethanol is performed using vitamin B12 reduced by either 1,4-dithiotreitol (DTT) or zerovalent zinc, leading to 90% of CLD removal and to the molecule cage structure opening for formation of a pentachloroindene intermediate product, characterized by GC MS/MS. A pathway for pentachloroindene formation from CLD is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Ranguin
- Laboratoire COVACHIM M2E, EA 3592 Université des Antilles, Campus de Fouillole BP 250, Pointe à Pitre Cedex, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Axelle Durimel
- Laboratoire COVACHIM M2E, EA 3592 Université des Antilles, Campus de Fouillole BP 250, Pointe à Pitre Cedex, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Reeka Karioua
- Laboratoire COVACHIM M2E, EA 3592 Université des Antilles, Campus de Fouillole BP 250, Pointe à Pitre Cedex, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Sarra Gaspard
- Laboratoire COVACHIM M2E, EA 3592 Université des Antilles, Campus de Fouillole BP 250, Pointe à Pitre Cedex, Guadeloupe, France.
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10
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Benoit P, Mamy L, Servien R, Li Z, Latrille E, Rossard V, Bessac F, Patureau D, Martin-Laurent F. Categorizing chlordecone potential degradation products to explore their environmental fate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 574:781-795. [PMID: 27664765 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chlordecone (C10Cl10O; CAS number 143-50-0) has been used extensively as an organochlorine insecticide but is nowadays banned and listed on annex A in The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). Although experimental evidences of biodegradation of this compound are scarce, several dechlorination products have been proposed by Dolfing et al. (2012) using Gibbs free energy calculations to explore different potential transformation routes. We here present the results of an in silico classification (TyPol - Typology of Pollutants) of chlordecone transformation products (TPs) based on statistical analyses combining several environmental endpoints and structural molecular descriptors. Starting from the list of putative chlordecone TPs and considering available data on degradation routes of other organochlorine compounds, we used different clustering strategies to explore the potential environmental behaviour of putative chlordecone TPs from the knowledge on their molecular descriptors. The method offers the possibility to focus on TPs present in different classes and to infer their environmental fate. Thus, we have deduced some hypothetical trends for the environmental behaviour of TPs of chlordecone assuming that TPs, which were clustered away from chlordecone, would have different environmental fate and ecotoxicological impact compared to chlordecone. Our findings suggest that mono- and di-hydrochlordecone, which are TPs of chlordecone often found in contaminated soils, may have similar environmental behaviour in terms of persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Benoit
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Univ. Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France.
| | - Laure Mamy
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Univ. Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Rémi Servien
- UMR TOXALIM, INRA, Univ. de Toulouse, 31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Ziang Li
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Univ. Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | | | | | - Fabienne Bessac
- INPT-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan, Univ. de Toulouse, 31076, Toulouse, France, CNRS/Univ. De Toulouse (Paul Sabatier)-UMR 5626, Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Fabrice Martin-Laurent
- UMR AgroEcologie, INRA, AgroSup Dijon, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21065, Dijon, France
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11
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Chaussonnerie S, Saaidi PL, Ugarte E, Barbance A, Fossey A, Barbe V, Gyapay G, Brüls T, Chevallier M, Couturat L, Fouteau S, Muselet D, Pateau E, Cohen GN, Fonknechten N, Weissenbach J, Le Paslier D. Microbial Degradation of a Recalcitrant Pesticide: Chlordecone. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:2025. [PMID: 28066351 PMCID: PMC5167691 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlordecone (Kepone®) is a synthetic organochlorine insecticide (C10Cl10O) used worldwide mostly during the 1970 and 1980s. Its intensive application in the French West Indies to control the banana black weevil Cosmopolites sordidus led to a massive environmental pollution. Persistence of chlordecone in soils and water for numerous decades even centuries causes global public health and socio-economic concerns. In order to investigate the biodegradability of chlordecone, microbial enrichment cultures from soils contaminated by chlordecone or other organochlorines and from sludge of a wastewater treatment plant have been conducted. Different experimental procedures including original microcosms were carried out anaerobically over long periods of time. GC-MS monitoring resulted in the detection of chlorinated derivatives in several cultures, consistent with chlordecone biotransformation. More interestingly, disappearance of chlordecone (50 μg/mL) in two bacterial consortia was concomitant with the accumulation of a major metabolite of formula C9Cl5H3 (named B1) as well as two minor metabolites C10Cl9HO (named A1) and C9Cl4H4 (named B3). Finally, we report the isolation and the complete genomic sequences of two new Citrobacter isolates, closely related to Citrobacter amalonaticus, and that were capable of reproducing chlordecone transformation. Further characterization of these Citrobacter strains should yield deeper insights into the mechanisms involved in this transformation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Chaussonnerie
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de GénomiqueEvry, France; Université d'Evry Val d'EssonneEvry, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8030, Génomique métaboliqueEvry, France
| | - Pierre-Loïc Saaidi
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de GénomiqueEvry, France; Université d'Evry Val d'EssonneEvry, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8030, Génomique métaboliqueEvry, France
| | - Edgardo Ugarte
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de GénomiqueEvry, France; Université d'Evry Val d'EssonneEvry, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8030, Génomique métaboliqueEvry, France
| | - Agnès Barbance
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de GénomiqueEvry, France; Université d'Evry Val d'EssonneEvry, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8030, Génomique métaboliqueEvry, France
| | - Aurélie Fossey
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de GénomiqueEvry, France; Université d'Evry Val d'EssonneEvry, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8030, Génomique métaboliqueEvry, France
| | - Valérie Barbe
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de Génomique Evry, France
| | - Gabor Gyapay
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de Génomique Evry, France
| | - Thomas Brüls
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de GénomiqueEvry, France; Université d'Evry Val d'EssonneEvry, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8030, Génomique métaboliqueEvry, France
| | - Marion Chevallier
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de GénomiqueEvry, France; Université d'Evry Val d'EssonneEvry, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8030, Génomique métaboliqueEvry, France
| | - Loïc Couturat
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de GénomiqueEvry, France; Université d'Evry Val d'EssonneEvry, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8030, Génomique métaboliqueEvry, France
| | - Stéphanie Fouteau
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de Génomique Evry, France
| | - Delphine Muselet
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de GénomiqueEvry, France; Université d'Evry Val d'EssonneEvry, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8030, Génomique métaboliqueEvry, France
| | - Emilie Pateau
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de GénomiqueEvry, France; Université d'Evry Val d'EssonneEvry, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8030, Génomique métaboliqueEvry, France
| | | | - Nuria Fonknechten
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de GénomiqueEvry, France; Université d'Evry Val d'EssonneEvry, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8030, Génomique métaboliqueEvry, France
| | - Jean Weissenbach
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de GénomiqueEvry, France; Université d'Evry Val d'EssonneEvry, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8030, Génomique métaboliqueEvry, France
| | - Denis Le Paslier
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de GénomiqueEvry, France; Université d'Evry Val d'EssonneEvry, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8030, Génomique métaboliqueEvry, France
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12
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Jondreville C, Lavigne A, Jurjanz S, Dalibard C, Liabeuf JM, Clostre F, Lesueur-Jannoyer M. Contamination of free-range ducks by chlordecone in Martinique (French West Indies): a field study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 493:336-341. [PMID: 24951891 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The former use of chlordecone (CLD) in the French West Indies has resulted in long-term pollution of soils and subsequently of food chains. In contaminated areas, free-range ducks used to control weeds in orchards may be exposed to CLD through polluted soil ingestion. The question arises whether they may be consumed. Muscovy ducks were raised on a guava orchard planted on a soil moderately contaminated (410 μg CLD/kg dry matter). Ducks were raised indoor up to 6 weeks of age and allowed to range freely outdoors thereafter. Twenty-nine females were sequentially slaughtered by groups of 2 to 5 ducks, after 4, 16, 19, 22 or 26 weeks spent in the orchard or after 16-17 weeks in the orchard followed by 3, 6 or 9 weeks in a closed shelter for depuration. CLD concentration increased from 258 to 1051, 96 to 278, 60 to 169 and 48 to 145 μg/kg fresh matter (FM) as the exposure through grazing increased from 4 to 22 weeks, in liver, abdominal fat and leg with and without skin, respectively. Eggs collected in the orchard contained up to 1001 μg CLD/kg FM. All these values exceeded the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) of 20 μg/kg FM. CLD concentration in all tissues was divided by around 10 within the 9-week confinement period. Despite this quite rapid decontamination, it is estimated that 12-13 weeks would be required to achieve the MRL in liver and in eggs, and 5-6 weeks in leg muscle. Such durations would be too long in practice. Thus, the consumption of products from free-range ducks should be avoided, even in areas mildly contaminated with CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Jondreville
- INRA, USC 340, URAFPA, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy F-54500, France; Université de Lorraine, USC 340, URAFPA, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy F-54500, France.
| | - Anaïs Lavigne
- FREDON, Croix Rivail, Ducos, Martinique F-97224, France
| | - Stefan Jurjanz
- INRA, USC 340, URAFPA, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy F-54500, France; Université de Lorraine, USC 340, URAFPA, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy F-54500, France
| | | | | | - Florence Clostre
- CIRAD, Unité HortSys, PRAM, Le Lamentin, Martinique F-97285, France
| | - Magalie Lesueur-Jannoyer
- CIRAD, Unité HortSys, PRAM, Le Lamentin, Martinique F-97285, France; CIRAD, Unité HortSys, Montpellier F-34398, France
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13
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Merlin C, Devers M, Crouzet O, Heraud C, Steinberg C, Mougin C, Martin-Laurent F. Characterization of chlordecone-tolerant fungal populations isolated from long-term polluted tropical volcanic soil in the French West Indies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:4914-4927. [PMID: 23872892 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1971-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The insecticide chlordecone is a contaminant found in most of the banana plantations in the French West Indies. This study aims to search for fungal populations able to grow on it. An Andosol heavily contaminated with chlordecone, perfused for 1 year in a soil-charcoal system, was used to conduct enrichment cultures. A total of 103 fungal strains able to grow on chlordecone-mineral salt medium were isolated, purified, and deposited in the MIAE collection (Microorganismes d'Intérêt Agro-Environnemental, UMR Agroécologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Dijon, France). Internal transcribed spacer sequencing revealed that all isolated strains belonged to the Ascomycota phylum and gathered in 11 genera: Metacordyceps, Cordyceps, Pochonia, Acremonium, Fusarium, Paecilomyces, Ophiocordyceps, Purpureocillium, Bionectria, Penicillium, and Aspergillus. Among predominant species, only one isolate, Fusarium oxysporum MIAE01197, was able to grow in a liquid culture medium that contained chlordecone as sole carbon source. Chlordecone increased F. oxysporum MIAE01197 growth rate, attesting for its tolerance to this organochlorine. Moreover, F. oxysporum MIAE01197 exhibited a higher EC50 value than the reference strain F. oxysporum MIAE00047. This further suggests its adaptation to chlordecone tolerance up to 29.2 mg l(-1). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that 40 % of chlordecone was dissipated in F. oxysporum MIAE01197 suspension culture. No chlordecone metabolite was detected by GC-MS. However, weak amount of (14)CO2 evolved from (14)C10-chlordecone and (14)C10-metabolites were observed. Sorption of (14)C10-chlordecone onto fungal biomass followed a linear relationship (r (2) = 0.99) suggesting that it may also account for chlordecone dissipation in F. oxysporum MIAE01197 culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Merlin
- INRA, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Pole Ecoldur, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065, Dijon Cedex, France
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14
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Woignier T, Fernandes P, Soler A, Clostre F, Carles C, Rangon L, Lesueur-Jannoyer M. Soil microstructure and organic matter: keys for chlordecone sequestration. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 262:357-364. [PMID: 24056248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Past applications of chlordecone, a persistent organochlorine pesticide, have resulted in diffuse pollution of agricultural soils, and these have become sources of contamination of cultivated crops as well as terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Chlordecone is a very stable and recalcitrant molecule, mainly present in the solid phase, and has a strong affinity for organic matter. To prevent consumer and ecosystem exposure, factors that influence chlordecone migration in the environment need to be evaluated. In this study, we measured the impact of incorporating compost on chlordecone sequestration in andosols as a possible way to reduce plant contamination. We first characterized the transfer of chlordecone from soil to plants (radish, cucumber, and lettuce). Two months after incorporation of the compost, soil-plant transfers were reduced by a factor of 1.9-15 depending on the crop. Our results showed that adding compost modified the fractal microstructure of allophane clays thus favoring chlordecone retention in andosols. The complex structure of allophane and the associated low accessibility are important characteristics governing the fate of chlordecone. These results support our proposal for an alternative strategy that is quite the opposite of total soil decontamination: chlordecone sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Woignier
- IRD UMR 237 Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Marine et Continentale PRAM B.P. 214 Petit Morne, 97232, Le Lamentin, Martinique; CNRS 7263 - Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Marine et Continentale PRAM B.P. 214 Petit Morne, 97232, Le Lamentin, Martinique.
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Dolfing J, Novak I, Archelas A, Macarie H. Gibbs free energy of formation of chlordecone and potential degradation products: implications for remediation strategies and environmental fate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:8131-8139. [PMID: 22780863 DOI: 10.1021/es301165p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Chlordecone (C(10)Cl(10)O; CAS number 143-50-0) has been used extensively as an organochlorine insecticide but is nowadays banned under The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). A search for chlordecone-respiring organisms and choosing between reductive versus oxidative remediation tools and strategies to clean up chlordecone-polluted environments would benefit from the availability of Gibbs free energy data of chlordecone and its potential dechlorination products. Presently such data are not available. Polycyclic "cage" molecules of which chlordecone is an example contain considerable strain energy. It is not a priori clear how this affects the thermodynamic properties of the chlorinated members of this unique class of compounds and to what extent redox potentials for the halogenated congeners are different from those of other aliphatic and aromatic organohalogens. We performed ab initio quantum chemical calculations to estimate Δ(f)H(m)° and Δ(f)G(m)° values of chlordecone and selected dechlorination products and used these data to calculate their Gibbs free energy and redox potential. With redox potentials in the range of 336-413 mV chlordecone has an E(o)' value similar to that of other organochlorines. The results indicate that there are no thermodynamic reasons why chlordecone-respiring or -fermenting organisms should not exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dolfing
- School of Civil Engineering & Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.
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