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Priya G, Lau NS, Furusawa G, Dinesh B, Foong SY, Amirul AAA. Metagenomic insights into the phylogenetic and functional profiles of soil microbiome from a managed mangrove in Malaysia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aggene.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Ali N, Ting Z, Li H, Xue Y, Gan L, Liu J, Long M. Heterogeneous Expression and Functional Characterization of Cellulose-Degrading Enzymes from Aspergillus niger for Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Alkali Pretreated Bamboo Biomass. Mol Biotechnol 2016. [PMID: 26202492 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-015-9878-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass has caught much attention because of modest reaction conditions and environment friendly conditions. To reduce the cost and to achieve good quantity of cellulases, a heterologous expression system is highly favored. In this study, cellulose-degrading enzymes, GH3 family β-glucosidase (BGL), GH7 family-related cellobiohydrolases (CBHs), and endoglucanase (EG) from a newly isolated Aspergillus niger BE-2 are highly expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115. The strain produced EG, CBHs, and BGL enzymatic concentration of 0.56, 0.11, and 22 IU/mL, respectively. Mode of actions of the recombinant enzymes for substrate specificity and end product analysis are verified and found specific for cellulose degradation. Bamboo biomass saccharification with A. niger cellulase released a high level of fermentable sugars. Hydrolysis parameters are optimized to obtain reducing sugars level of 3.18 g/L. To obtain reducing sugars from a cellulosic biomass, A. niger could be a good candidate for enzymes resource of cellulase to produce reducing sugars from a cellulosic biomass. This study also facilitates the development of highly efficient enzyme cocktails for the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass into monosaccharides and oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Ali
- School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China,
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Rytioja J, Hildén K, Yuzon J, Hatakka A, de Vries RP, Mäkelä MR. Plant-polysaccharide-degrading enzymes from Basidiomycetes. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2014; 78:614-49. [PMID: 25428937 PMCID: PMC4248655 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00035-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Basidiomycete fungi subsist on various types of plant material in diverse environments, from living and dead trees and forest litter to crops and grasses and to decaying plant matter in soils. Due to the variation in their natural carbon sources, basidiomycetes have highly varied plant-polysaccharide-degrading capabilities. This topic is not as well studied for basidiomycetes as for ascomycete fungi, which are the main sources of knowledge on fungal plant polysaccharide degradation. Research on plant-biomass-decaying fungi has focused on isolating enzymes for current and future applications, such as for the production of fuels, the food industry, and waste treatment. More recently, genomic studies of basidiomycete fungi have provided a profound view of the plant-biomass-degrading potential of wood-rotting, litter-decomposing, plant-pathogenic, and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) basidiomycetes. This review summarizes the current knowledge on plant polysaccharide depolymerization by basidiomycete species from diverse habitats. In addition, these data are compared to those for the most broadly studied ascomycete genus, Aspergillus, to provide insight into specific features of basidiomycetes with respect to plant polysaccharide degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Rytioja
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Hildén
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jennifer Yuzon
- Fungal Physiology, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annele Hatakka
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ronald P de Vries
- Fungal Physiology, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Miia R Mäkelä
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Soares Júnior FL, Dias ACF, Fasanella CC, Taketani RG, de Souza Lima AO, Melo IS, Andreote FD. Endo- and exoglucanase activities in bacteria from mangrove sediment. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 44:969-76. [PMID: 24516466 PMCID: PMC3910219 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822013000300048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mangrove ecosystem is an unexplored source for biotechnological applications. In this unique environment, endemic bacteria have the ability to thrive in the harsh environmental conditions (salinity and anaerobiosis), and act in the degradation of organic matter, promoting nutrient cycles. Thus, this study aimed to assess the cellulolytic activities of bacterial groups present in the sediment from a mangrove located in Ilha do Cardoso (SP, Brazil). To optimize the isolation of cellulolytic bacteria, enrichments in two types of culture media (tryptone broth and minimum salt medium), both supplemented with 5% NaCl and 1% of cellulose, were performed. Tests conducted with the obtained colonies showed a higher occurrence of endoglycolytic activity (33 isolates) than exoglycolytic (19 isolates), and the degradation activity was shown to be modulated by the presence of NaCl. The isolated bacteria were clustered by BOX-PCR and further classified on the basis of partial 16S rRNA sequences as Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes or Bacteroidetes. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of studies focusing on the endemic species found in mangroves to exploit them as novel biotechnological tools for the degradation of cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Lino Soares Júnior
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental, Embrapa, Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil. ; Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Armando Cavalcante Franco Dias
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental, Embrapa, Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil. ; Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Cipola Fasanella
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Fernando Dini Andreote
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Lim YW, Jung HS. Irpex hydnoides, sp. nov. is new to science, based on morphological, cultural and molecular characters. Mycologia 2012; 95:694-9. [PMID: 21148978 DOI: 10.1080/15572536.2004.11833073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Irpex, one of the most common polypore genera, is easily identified by macro- and microscopic characters. During field trips to Korea's Kangwon Province, some Irpex specimens with conspicuous morphological differences from I. lacteus were collected. Cultural characters and molecular evidence differentiated this new strain from I. lacteus, and this taxon is proposed as I. hydnoides sp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Woon Lim
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Genetic Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, No. 52 Oun-dong, Yusong-ku, Daejon 305-333, Korea
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Irpex lacteus, a white-rot fungus with biotechnological potential — review. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2009; 54:375-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-009-0053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Revised: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Normand J, Ralet MC, Thibault JF, Rogniaux H, Delavault P, Bonnin E. Purification, characterization, and mode of action of a rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase from Irpex lacteus, tolerant to an acetylated substrate. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 86:577-88. [PMID: 19862512 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2310-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Revised: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel rhamnogalacturonase (RGase) acting on an acetylated substrate was detected in the commercial preparation Driselase, an enzymatic mixture derived from the basidiomycete Irpex lacteus. The activity was isolated by hydrophobic interaction chromatography, gel filtration, and preparative isoelectric focusing, resulting in the isolation of five different rhamnogalacturonan hydrolases exhibiting various isoelectric points from 6.2 to 7.7. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analyses after trypsin cleavage of the five fractions revealed that the five rhamnogalacturonases have a molar mass of 55 kDa without any divergences in the identified peptides. The RGase with a pI of 7.2 exhibited a pH optimum between 4.5 and 5 and a temperature optimum between 40 degrees C and 50 degrees C. Its mode of action was analyzed by mass spectrometry of the oligosaccharides produced after hydrolysis of acetylated and nonacetylated rhamnogalacturonan. Oligomers esterified by an acetyl group on the reducing galacturonic acid residue or fully acetylated were detected in the hydrolysate showing that the novel enzyme is able to bind acetylated galacturonic acid in its active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Normand
- INRA, Unité de Recherche Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, BP 71627, 44316, Nantes, Cedex 03, France
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Hou Y, Wang T, Long H, Zhu H. Cloning, sequencing and expression analysis of the first cellulase gene encoding cellobiohydrolase 1 from a cold-adaptive Penicillium chrysogenum FS010. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2007; 39:101-7. [PMID: 17277884 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7270.2007.00260.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A cellobiohydrolase 1 gene (cbh1) was cloned from Penicillium chrysogenum FS010 by a modified thermal asymmetric interlaced polymerase chain reaction (TAIL-PCR). DNA sequencing shows that cbh1 has an open reading frame of 1590 bp, encoding a putative protein of 529 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence revealed that CBHI has a modular structure with a predicted molecular mass of 56 kDa and consists of a fungal type carbohydrate binding module separated from a catalytic domain by a threonine rich linker region. The putative gene product is homologous to fungal cellobiohydrolases in Family 7 of the glycosyl hydrolases. A novel cbh1 promoter (1.3 kb) was also cloned and sequenced, which contains seven putative binding sites (5'-SYGGRG-3') for the carbon catabolite repressor CRE1. Effect of various carbon sources to the cbh1 transcription of P. chrysogenum was examined by Northern analysis, suggesting that the expression of cbh1 is regulated at transcriptional level. The cbh1 gene in cold-adaptive fungus P. chysogenum was expressed as an active enzyme in Saccharomyces cerevisiae H158. The recombinant CBHI accumulated intracellularly and could not be secreted into the medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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Aro N, Pakula T, Penttilä M. Transcriptional regulation of plant cell wall degradation by filamentous fungi. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2004; 29:719-39. [PMID: 16102600 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsre.2004.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2004] [Revised: 10/29/2004] [Accepted: 11/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant cell wall consists mainly of the large biopolymers cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and pectin. These biopolymers are degraded by many microorganisms, in particular filamentous fungi, with the aid of extracellular enzymes. Filamentous fungi have a key role in degradation of the most abundant biopolymers found in nature, cellulose and hemicelluloses, and therefore are essential for the maintenance of the global carbon cycle. The production of plant cell wall degrading enzymes, cellulases, hemicellulases, ligninases and pectinases, is regulated mainly at the transcriptional level in filamentous fungi. The genes are induced in the presence of the polymers or molecules derived from the polymers and repressed under growth conditions where the production of these enzymes is not necessary, such as on glucose. The expression of the genes encoding the enzymes is regulated by various environmental and cellular factors, some of which are common while others are more unique to either a certain fungus or a class of enzymes. This review summarises our current knowledge on the transcriptional regulation, focusing on the recently characterized transcription factors that regulate genes coding for enzymes involved in the breakdown of plant cell wall biopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Aro
- VTT Biotechnology, Espoo, Finland.
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Role of cellulose-binding domain of exocellulase I from White rot basidiomycete Irpex lacteus. J Biosci Bioeng 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(01)80151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Béra-Maillet C, Arthaud L, Abad P, Rosso MN. Biochemical characterization of MI-ENG1, a family 5 endoglucanase secreted by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2000; 267:3255-63. [PMID: 10824111 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01356.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A beta-1,4-endoglucanase named MI-ENG1, homologous to the family 5 glycoside hydrolases, was previously isolated from the plant parasitic root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. We describe here the detection of the enzyme in the nematode homogenate and secretion and its complete biochemical characterization. This study is the first comparison of the enzymatic properties of an animal glycoside hydrolase with plant and microbial enzymes. MI-ENG1 shares many enzymatic properties with known endoglucanases from plants, free-living or rumen-associated microorganisms and phytopathogens. In spite of the presence of a cellulose-binding domain at the C-terminus, the ability of MI-ENG1 to bind cellulose could not be demonstrated, whatever the experimental conditions used. The biochemical characterization of the enzyme is a first step towards the understanding of the molecular events taking place during the plant-nematode interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Béra-Maillet
- INRA, Unité Santé Végétale et Environnement, Antibes, France
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Hamada N, Ishikawa K, Fuse N, Kodaira R, Shimosaka M, Amano Y, Kanda T, Okazaki M. Purification, characterization and gene analysis of exo-cellulase II (Ex-2) from the white rot basidiomycete Irpex lacteus. J Biosci Bioeng 1999; 87:442-51. [PMID: 16232497 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(99)80092-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/1998] [Accepted: 12/07/1998] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A new exo-type cellulase, named exo-cellulase II (Ex-2), was purified from the crude enzyme preparation of Irpex lacteus. Ex-2 was very similar to the previously characterized exo-cellulase I (Ex-1) with respect to enzymatic features such as optimal pH, temperature, heat stability, and catalytic activity. However, Ex-2 exhibited greater pH stability than Ex-1. The molecular mass and carbohydrate content of Ex-2 (56,000, 4.0%) were different from those of Ex-1 (53,000, 2.0%). A cellulase gene (named cel2) encoding both Ex-2 and Ex-1 was isolated from an I. lacteus genomic library. The cel2 gene was found to consist of 1569 bp with an open reading frame encoding 523 amino acids, interrupted by two introns. The deduced amino acid sequences revealed that cel2 ORF has a modular structure consisting of a catalytic domain and a fungal-type cellulose-binding domain (CBD) separated by a serine-rich linker region. The catalytic domain was homologous to those of fungal cellobiohydrolases belonging to family 7 of the glycosyl hydrolases. Northern blot analysis showed that expression of the cel2 gene was induced by various cellulosic substrates and repressed by glucose, fructose, and lactose.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hamada
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
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