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Qu S, Chi SD, He ZM. The Development of Aspergillus flavus and Biosynthesis of Aflatoxin B1 are Regulated by the Golgi-Localized Mn 2+ Transporter Pmr1. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:1276-1291. [PMID: 38179648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Microorganisms rely on diverse ion transport and trace elements to sustain growth, development, and secondary metabolism. Manganese (Mn2+) is essential for various biological processes and plays a crucial role in the metabolism of human cells, plants, and yeast. In Aspergillus flavus, we confirmed that Pmr1 localized in cis- and medial-Golgi compartments was critical in facilitating Mn2+ transport, fungal growth, development, secondary metabolism, and glycosylation. In comparison to the wild type, the Δpmr1 mutant displayed heightened sensitivity to environmental stress, accompanied by inhibited synthesis of aflatoxin B1, kojic acid, and a substantial reduction in pathogenicity toward peanuts and maize. Interestingly, the addition of exogenous Mn2+ effectively rectified the developmental and secondary metabolic defects in the Δpmr1 mutant. However, Mn2+ supplement failed to restore the growth and development of the Δpmr1Δgdt1 double mutant, which indicated that the Gdt1 compensated for the functional deficiency of pmr1. In addition, our results showed that pmr1 knockout leads to an upregulation of O-glycosyl-N-acetylglucose (O-GlcNAc) and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), while Mn2+ supplementation can restore the glycosylation in A. flavus. Collectively, this study indicates that the pmr1 regulates Mn2+ via Golgi and maintains growth and metabolism functions of A. flavus through regulation of the glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Qu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sheng-Da Chi
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhu-Mei He
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
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2
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Wu C, Guo Z, Zhang M, Chen H, Peng M, Abubakar YS, Zheng H, Yun Y, Zheng W, Wang Z, Zhou J. Golgi-localized calcium/manganese transporters FgGdt1 and FgPmr1 regulate fungal development and virulence by maintaining Ca 2+ and Mn 2+ homeostasis in Fusarium graminearum. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:4623-4640. [PMID: 35837846 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Calcium and manganese transporters play important roles in regulating Ca2+ and Mn2+ homeostasis in cells, which is necessary for the normal physiological activities of eukaryotes. Gdt1 and Pmr1 function as calcium/manganese transporters in the Golgi apparatus. However, the functions of Gdt1 and Pmr1 have not been previously characterized in the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum. Here, we identified and characterized the biological functions of FgGdt1 and FgPmr1 in F. graminearum. Our study shows that FgGdt1 and FgPmr1 are both localized to the cis- and medial-Golgi. Disruption of FgGdt1 or FgPmr1 in F. graminearum caused serious defects in vegetative growth, conidiation, sexual development and significantly decreased virulence in wheat but increased deoxynivalenol (DON) production. Importantly, FgGdt1 is involved in Ca2+ and Mn2+ homeostasis and the severe phenotypic defects of the ΔFggdt1 mutant were largely due to loss of FgGdt1 function in Mn2+ transportation. FgGdt1-mCherry colocalizes with FgPmr1-GFP at the Golgi, and FgGDT1 exerts its biological function upstream of FgPMR1. Taken together, our results collectively demonstrate that the cis- and medial-Golgi-localized proteins FgGdt1 and FgPmr1 regulate Ca2+ and Mn2+ homeostasis of the Golgi apparatus, and this function is important in modulating the growth, development, DON biosynthesis and pathogenicity of F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congxian Wu
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhongkun Guo
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meiru Zhang
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huilin Chen
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Minghui Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yakubu Saddeeq Abubakar
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Huawei Zheng
- Institute of Oceanography, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yingzi Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Oceanography, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Lange M, Peiter E. Calcium Transport Proteins in Fungi: The Phylogenetic Diversity of Their Relevance for Growth, Virulence, and Stress Resistance. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3100. [PMID: 32047484 PMCID: PMC6997533 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The key players of calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis and Ca2+ signal generation, which are Ca2+ channels, Ca2+/H+ antiporters, and Ca2+-ATPases, are present in all fungi. Their coordinated action maintains a low Ca2+ baseline, allows a fast increase in free Ca2+ concentration upon a stimulus, and terminates this Ca2+ elevation by an exponential decrease – hence forming a Ca2+ signal. In this respect, the Ca2+ signaling machinery is conserved in different fungi. However, does the similarity of the genetic inventory that shapes the Ca2+ peak imply that if “you’ve seen one, you’ve seen them all” in terms of physiological relevance? Individual studies have focused mostly on a single species, and mechanisms elucidated in few model organisms are usually extrapolated to other species. This mini-review focuses on the physiological relevance of the machinery that maintains Ca2+ homeostasis for growth, virulence, and stress responses. It reveals common and divergent functions of homologous proteins in different fungal species. In conclusion, for the physiological role of these Ca2+ transport proteins, “seen one,” in many cases, does not mean: “seen them all.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Lange
- Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Edgar Peiter
- Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Development of recombinant Yarrowia lipolytica producing virus-like particles of a fish nervous necrosis virus. J Microbiol 2017; 55:655-664. [PMID: 28752293 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-017-7218-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) causes viral encephalopathy and retinopathy, a devastating disease of many species of cultured marine fish worldwide. In this study, we used the dimorphic non-pathogenic yeast Yarrowia lipolytica as a host to express the capsid protein of red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV-CP) and evaluated its potential as a platform for vaccine production. An initial attempt was made to express the codon-optimized synthetic genes encoding intact and N-terminal truncated forms of RGNNV-CP under the strong constitutive TEF1 promoter using autonomously replicating sequence (ARS)-based vectors. The full-length recombinant capsid proteins expressed in Y. lipolytica were detected not only as monomers and but also as trimers, which is a basic unit for formation of NNV virus-like particles (VLPs). Oral immunization of mice with whole recombinant Y. lipolytica harboring the ARS-based plasmids was shown to efficiently induce the formation of IgG against RGNNV-CP. To increase the number of integrated copies of the RGNNV-CP expression cassette, a set of 26S ribosomal DNA-based multiple integrative vectors was constructed in combination with a series of defective Ylura3 with truncated promoters as selection markers, resulting in integrants harboring up to eight copies of the RGNNV-CP cassette. Sucrose gradient centrifugation and transmission electron microscopy of this high-copy integrant were carried out to confirm the expression of RGNNV-CPs as VLPs. This is the first report on efficient expression of viral capsid proteins as VLPs in Y. lipolytica, demonstrating high potential for the Y. lipolytica expression system as a platform for recombinant vaccine production based on VLPs.
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Martín JF. Calcium-containing phosphopeptides pave the secretory pathway for efficient protein traffic and secretion in fungi. Microb Cell Fact 2014; 13:117. [PMID: 25205075 PMCID: PMC4180148 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-014-0117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Casein phosphopeptides (CPPs) containing chelated calcium drastically increase the secretion of extracellular homologous and heterologous proteins in filamentous fungi. Casein phosphopeptides released by digestion of alpha - and beta-casein are rich in phosphoserine residues (SerP). They stimulate enzyme secretion in the gastrointestinal tract and enhance the immune response in mammals, and are used as food supplements. It is well known that casein phosphopeptides transport Ca2+ across the membranes and play an important role in Ca2+ homeostasis in the cells. Addition of CPPs drastically increases the production of heterologous proteins in Aspergillus as host for industrial enzyme production. Recent proteomics studies showed that CPPs alter drastically the vesicle-mediated secretory pathway in filamentous fungi, apparently because they change the calcium concentration in organelles that act as calcium reservoirs. In the organelles calcium homeostasis a major role is played by the pmr1 gene, that encodes a Ca2+/Mn2+ transport ATPase, localized in the Golgi complex; this transporter controls the balance between intra-Golgi and cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentrations. A Golgi-located casein kinase (CkiA) governs the ER to Golgi directionality of the movement of secretory proteins by interacting with the COPII coat of secretory vesicles when they reach the Golgi. Mutants defective in the casein-2 kinase CkiA show abnormal targeting of some secretory proteins, including cytoplasmic membrane amino acid transporters that in ckiA mutants are miss-targeted to vacuolar membranes. Interestingly, addition of CPPs increases a glyceraldehyde-3-phpshate dehydrogenase protein that is known to associate with microtubules and act as a vesicle/membrane fusogenic agent. In summary, CPPs alter the protein secretory pathway in fungi adapting it to a deregulated protein traffic through the organelles and vesicles what results in a drastic increase in secretion of heterologous and also of some homologous proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Martín
- Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
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6
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Moon HY, Van TL, Cheon SA, Choo J, Kim JY, Kang HA. Cell-surface expression of Aspergillus saitoi-derived functional α-1,2-mannosidase on Yarrowia lipolytica for glycan remodeling. J Microbiol 2013; 51:506-14. [PMID: 23990303 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-013-3344-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Expression of proteins on the surface of yeast has a wide range of applications, such as development of live vaccines, screening of antibody libraries, and use as whole-cell biocatalysts. The hemiascomycetes yeast Yarrowia lipolytica has been raised as a potential host for heterologous expression of recombinant proteins. In this study, we report the expression of Aspergillus saitoi α-1,2-mannosidase, encoded by the msdS gene, on the cell surface of Y. lipolytica. As the first step to achieve the secretory expression of msdS protein, four different signal sequences-derived from the endogenous Y. lipolytica Lip2 and Xpr2 prepro regions and the heterologous A. niger α-amylase and rice α-amylase signal sequences-were analyzed for their secretion efficiency. It was shown that the YlLip2 prepro sequence was most efficient in directing the secretory expression of msdS in fully N-glycosylated forms. The surface display of msdS was subsequently directed by fusing GPI anchoring motifs derived from Y. lipolytica cell wall proteins, YlCwp1p and YlYwp1p, respectively, to the C-terminus of the Lip2 prepro-msdS protein. The expression of actively functional msdS protein on the cell surface was confirmed by western blot, flow cytometry analysis, along with the α-1,2-mannosidase activity assay using intact Y. lipolytica cells as the enzyme source. Furthermore, the glycoengineered Y. lipolytica Δoch1Δmpo1 strains displaying α-1,2-mannosidase were able to convert Man8GlcNAc2 to Man5GlcNAc2 efficiently on their cell-wall mannoproteins, demonstrating its potential used for glycoengineering in vitro or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Yun Moon
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
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Bowman BJ, Abreu S, Johl JK, Bowman EJ. The pmr gene, encoding a Ca2+-ATPase, is required for calcium and manganese homeostasis and normal development of hyphae and conidia in Neurospora crassa. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2012; 11:1362-70. [PMID: 22983986 PMCID: PMC3486030 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00105-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The pmr gene is predicted to encode a Ca(2+)-ATPase in the secretory pathway. We examined two strains of Neurospora crassa that lacked PMR: the Δpmr strain, in which pmr was completely deleted, and pmr(RIP), in which the gene was extensively mutated. Both strains had identical, complex phenotypes. Compared to the wild type, these strains required high concentrations of calcium or manganese for optimal growth and had highly branched, slow-growing hyphae. They conidiated poorly, and the shape and size of the conidia were abnormal. Calcium accumulated in the Δpmr strains to only 20% of the wild-type level. High concentrations of MnCl(2) (1 to 5 mM) in growth medium partially suppressed the morphological defects but did not alter the defect in calcium accumulation. The Δpmr Δnca-2 double mutant (nca-2 encodes a Ca(2+)-ATPase in the plasma membrane) accumulated 8-fold more calcium than the wild type, and the morphology of the hyphae was more similar to that of wild-type hyphae. Previous experiments failed to show a function for nca-1, which encodes a SERCA-type Ca(2+)-ATPase in the endoplasmic reticulum (B. J. Bowman, S. Abreu, E. Margolles-Clark, M. Draskovic, and E. J. Bowman, Eukaryot. Cell 10:654-661, 2011). The pmr(RIP) Δnca-1 double mutant accumulated small amounts of calcium, like the Δpmr strain, but exhibited even more extreme morphological defects. Thus, PMR can apparently replace NCA-1 in the endoplasmic reticulum, but NCA-1 cannot replace PMR. The morphological defects in the Δpmr strain are likely caused, in part, by insufficient concentrations of calcium and manganese in the Golgi compartment; however, PMR is also needed to accumulate normal levels of calcium in the whole cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry J Bowman
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
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Bagar T, Benčina M. Antiarrhythmic drug amiodarone displays antifungal activity, induces irregular calcium response and intracellular acidification of Aspergillus niger - amiodarone targets calcium and pH homeostasis of A. niger. Fungal Genet Biol 2012; 49:779-91. [PMID: 22906851 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The rapidly developing resistance of fungi to antifungal drugs is a serious health problem. Today's drugs mainly target cell membrane composition and synthesis. Moreover, some of them have serious side effects. New antifungal drugs targeting different molecular pathways are necessary. Amiodarone, an FDA approved antiarrhythmic drug displays antifungal activity. It targets calcium and pH homeostasis. In concentrations above 25 μM, it inhibits the growth of the filamentous fungi Aspergillus niger. It triggers a biphasic calcium response accompanied by a high [Ca(2+)](c) resting level and an intracellular acidification from 7.5 to 6.0, both of which are concentration dependent. Both extracellular calcium and calcium from intracellular organelles are sources of the transient second cytosolic calcium peak, whose amplitude is 0.12 μM for cells treated with 0.1mM amiodarone. In P-type ATPase deficient A. niger strains pmrAΔ and pmcAΔ, the [Ca(2+)](c) resting level after amiodarone treatment is at least twice as high as that of the wild type, which correlates with fungal viability and hypersensitivity to amiodarone. A combination of amiodarone and amphotericin B is additive in terms of cell viability and cytosolic calcium influx. In contrast, a combination of azole drugs and amiodarone has a synergistic effect on the viability of fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Bagar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Diss L, Blaudez D, Gelhaye E, Chalot M. Genome-wide analysis of fungal manganese transporters, with an emphasis on Phanerochaete chrysosporium. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2011; 3:367-82. [PMID: 23761283 DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2010.00235.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide analysis of fungal manganese transporters was undertaken, making use of whole genome sequences available in fungal databases. A repertoire of 281 putative manganese transporters was found in total across 26 fungal species representing 20 fungal orders. The process of gene duplication was apparently accompanied by gene loss events, and this resulted in a great variety of manganese transporters that can be observed in the genome of modern fungi. Eleven transporters belonging to gene families in which manganese transporters have been found were identified in the Phanerochaete chrysosporium genome. This whole set of transporters may cover the need of P. chrysosporium cells for manganese loading in and unloading out of the cytosol, thereby insuring manganese homeostasis. The tight control of intracellular Mn(2+) ion concentration is for instance of crucial importance for the control of lignin-degradative systems by saprotrophic fungi, and thereof the carbon cycle in forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loic Diss
- UMR INRA/UHP 1136 'Tree-microbe Interactions', Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Nancy-University, BP 70239, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
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10
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Oh MH, Cheon SA, Kang HA, Kim JY. Functional characterization of the unconventional splicing of Yarrowia lipolytica HAC1 mRNA induced by unfolded protein response. Yeast 2010; 27:443-52. [PMID: 20162530 DOI: 10.1002/yea.1762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the unfolded protein response (UPR) involves the unconventional splicing of HAC1 mRNA, which is mediated by the activated Ire1p transmembrane kinase/endonuclease. In this study, we isolated and characterized a Yarrowia lipolytica HAC1 (YlHAC1) encoding a basic-leucine zipper transcription factor. The null mutant strain of YlHAC1 (DeltaYlhac1) displayed a significantly increased sensitivity to dithiothreitol (DTT) and tunicamycin (TM), along with a defect in hyphal growth, suggesting the essential function of YlHAC1 in UPR. The unconventional splicing of YlHAC1 mRNA occurred under the UPR conditions induced by DTT or TM treatment. Unlike S. cerevisiae HAC1 mRNA with an intron of 252 nt, YlHAC1 mRNA was shown to harbour a short intron of length 29 nt. The YlHAC1 mRNA harboured the nucleotides CAG, conserved at the intron borders in the filamentous fungi hac1/hacA and mammalian XBP1, as well as a conserved bipartite element within the 3' untranslated region. The expression of the spliced form of YlHAC1 mRNA in the wild-type andDeltaYlhac1 strains resulted in an increased resistance to DTT, thereby indicating that the spliced form is translated into a functional YlHac1p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hee Oh
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
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11
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The Aspergillus fumigatus P-type Golgi apparatus Ca2+/Mn2+ ATPase PmrA is involved in cation homeostasis and cell wall integrity but is not essential for pathogenesis. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2010; 9:472-6. [PMID: 20097742 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00378-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The Aspergillus fumigatus DeltapmrA (Golgi apparatus Ca(2+)/Mn(2+) P-type ATPase) strain has osmotically suppressible basal growth defects and cationic tolerance associated with increased expression of calcineurin pathway genes. Despite increased beta-glucan and chitin content, it is hypersensitive to cell wall inhibitors but remains virulent, suggesting a role for PmrA in cation homeostasis and cell wall integrity.
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12
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Vangheluwe P, Sepúlveda MR, Missiaen L, Raeymaekers L, Wuytack F, Vanoevelen J. Intracellular Ca2+- and Mn2+-Transport ATPases. Chem Rev 2009; 109:4733-59. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900013m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Vangheluwe
- Laboratory of Ca2+-transport ATPases and Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M. Rosario Sepúlveda
- Laboratory of Ca2+-transport ATPases and Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludwig Missiaen
- Laboratory of Ca2+-transport ATPases and Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Raeymaekers
- Laboratory of Ca2+-transport ATPases and Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank Wuytack
- Laboratory of Ca2+-transport ATPases and Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jo Vanoevelen
- Laboratory of Ca2+-transport ATPases and Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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13
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Nguyen QB, Kadotani N, Kasahara S, Tosa Y, Mayama S, Nakayashiki H. Systematic functional analysis of calcium-signalling proteins in the genome of the rice-blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, using a high-throughput RNA-silencing system. Mol Microbiol 2008; 68:1348-65. [PMID: 18433453 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06242.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We developed an RNA-silencing vector, pSilent-Dual1 (pSD1), with a convergent dual promoter system that provides a high-throughput platform for functional genomics research in filamentous fungi. In the pSD1 system, the target gene was designed to be transcribed as a chimeric RNA with enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) RNA. This enabled us to efficiently screen the resulting transformants using GFP fluorescence as an indicator of gene silencing. A model study with the eGFP gene showed that pSD1-based vectors induced gene silencing via the RNAi pathway with slightly lower efficiency than did hairpin eGFP RNA-expressing vectors. To demonstrate the applicability of the pSD1 system for elucidating gene function in the rice-blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, 37 calcium signalling-related genes that include almost all known calcium-signalling proteins in the genome were targeted for gene silencing by the vector. Phenotypic analyses of the silenced transformants showed that at least 26, 35 and 15 of the 37 genes examined were involved in hyphal growth, sporulation and pathogenicity, respectively, in M. oryzae. These included several novel findings such as that Pmc1-, Spf1- and Neo1-like Ca(2+) pumps, calreticulin and calpactin heavy chain were essential for fungal pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quoc Bao Nguyen
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada, Kobe, Japan
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Hwang JS, Seo DH, Kim JY. Soluble forms of YlCrh1p and YlCrh2p, cell wall proteins of Yarrowia lipolytica, have beta-1,3-glycosidase activity. Yeast 2006; 23:803-12. [PMID: 16921554 DOI: 10.1002/yea.1395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Crh1p and Crh2p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are cell wall proteins covalently attached to cell wall glucan and are thought to be putative glycosidases involved in cell wall remodelling. We investigated whether YlCrh1p and YlCrh2p, the Yarrowia lipolytica proteins homologous to ScCrh1p and ScCrh2p, had the required glycosidase activity for cell wall biosynthesis and maintenance. Ylcrh1Delta and Ylcrh2Delta mutants showed sensitivity to compounds that interfere with cell wall construction. Soluble forms of YlCrh1p and YlCrh2p that lacked the C-terminal consensus sequence for GPI anchoring showed glycosidase activity on laminarin, a substrate carrying beta-1,3-glycosidic linkage. Our study suggests that the YlCrh1p and YlCrh2p may participate in cell wall biosynthesis and remodelling through their beta-1,3-glycosidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sook Hwang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
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15
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Dux MP, Inan M. Identification and characterization of calcium and manganese transporting ATPase (PMR1) gene of Pichia pastoris. Yeast 2006; 23:613-21. [PMID: 16823889 DOI: 10.1002/yea.1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A gene homologous to Saccharomyces cerevisiae PMR1 has been cloned in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. The entire P. pastoris PMR1 gene (PpPMR1) codes a protein of 924 amino acids. Sequence analysis of the PpPMR1 cDNA and the genomic DNA revealed that there is no intron in the coding region. The putative gene product contains all of the conserved regions observed in P-type ATPases and exhibits 66.2%, 60.3% and 50.6% identity to Pichia angusta (Hansenula polymorpha), Saccharomyces cerevisiae PMR1 and human ATP2C1 gene products, respectively. A pmr1 null mutant strain of P. pastoris exhibited growth defects in media with the addition of EGTA, but with supplementation of Ca2+ to a calcium-deficient media reversed the growth defects of the mutant strain. Manganese reversed the growth defects of the mutant strain; however, the cell growth was not as profound as the Ca2+ -supplemented media. The results demonstrated that the P. pastoris gene encodes the functional homologue of the S. cerevisiae PMR1 gene product, a P-type Ca2+/Mn2+ -ATPase. The DNA sequence of the P. pastoris PMR1 gene has been submitted to GenBank under Accession No. DQ239958.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Dux
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
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Soriani FM, Martins VP, Magnani T, Tudella VG, Curti C, Uyemura SA. A PMR1-like calcium ATPase ofAspergillus fumigatus: cloning, identification and functional expression inS. cerevisiae. Yeast 2005; 22:813-24. [PMID: 16088881 DOI: 10.1002/yea.1280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding of the controlling factors of calcium homeostasis in Aspergillus fumigatus is very poor, although this ion is involved in several important events of these particular cells. We have cloned, identified and expressed for functional complementation a PMR1-like Ca(2+)-ATPase gene from A. fumigatus. The Afpmr1 gene encodes a protein of 1061 deduced amino acids, containing all the conserved subdomains found in other P-type ATPases: the phosphatase region, phosphorylation site, FITC labelling site, ATP binding domain; E(386), N871, D875 amino acid residues for calcium ion interaction and Q880, a residue that alters ion selectivity in PMR1. The expressed AfPMR1 in S. cerevisiae K616 strain functionally complemented the deficient growth in EGTA (5-20 mM)- and MnCl2 (4 mM)-containing medium. These results demonstrate the first evidence of a Ca(2+)-ATPase in A. fumigatus and strongly suggest a role for this enzyme in calcium and manganese homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Soriani
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil
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Zelter A, Bencina M, Bowman BJ, Yarden O, Read ND. A comparative genomic analysis of the calcium signaling machinery in Neurospora crassa, Magnaporthe grisea, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Fungal Genet Biol 2004; 41:827-41. [PMID: 15288019 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2004.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2004] [Accepted: 05/20/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A large number of Ca2+ -signaling proteins have been previously identified and characterized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae but relatively few have been discovered in filamentous fungi. In this study, a detailed, comparative genomic analysis of Ca2+ -signaling proteins in Neurospora crassa, Magnaporthe grisea, and S. cerevisiae has been made. Our BLAST analysis identified 48, 42, and 40 Ca2+ -signaling proteins in N. crassa, M. grisea, and S. cerevisiae, respectively. In N. crassa, M. grisea, and S. cerevisiae, 79, 100, and 13% of these proteins, respectively, were previously unknown. For N. crassa, M. grisea, and S. cerevisiae, respectively, we have identified: three Ca2+ -permeable channels in each species; 9, 12, and 5 Ca2+/cation-ATPases; eight, six, and four Ca2+ -exchangers; four, four, and two phospholipase C's; one calmodulin in each species; and 23, 21, and 29 Ca2+/calmodulin-regulated proteins. Homologs of a number of key proteins involved in the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores, and in the sensing of extracellular Ca2+, in animal and plant cells, were not identified. The greater complexity of the Ca2+ -signaling machinery in N. crassa and M. grisea over that in S. cerevisiae probably reflects their more complex cellular organization and behavior, and the greater range of external signals which filamentous fungi have to respond to in their natural habitats. To complement the data presented in this paper, a comprehensive web-based database resource (http://www.fungalcell.org/fdf/) of all Ca2+ -signaling proteins identified in N. crassa, M. grisea, and S. cerevisiae has been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Zelter
- Fungal Cell Biology Group, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, UK
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