1
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Xiang Y, Chen R, Shi F, Lai W. Exploring L-isoleucine riboswitches for enhancing 4-hydroxyisoleucine production in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:1169-1181. [PMID: 37395871 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore an L-isoleucine (Ile)-induced biosensor for down-regulation of Ile synthesis pathway and enhancement of 4-hydroxyisoleucine (4-HIL) production in Corynebacterium glutamicum SN01. RESULTS Four Ile-induced riboswitches (IleRSN) with different strength were screened from mutation library based on TPP riboswitch. Firstly, IleRSN were integrated into the chromosome of strain SN01 immediately upstream of ilvA gene. The 4-HIL titer of strains carrying PtacM-driven IleRS1 or IleRS3 (14.09 ± 1.07, 15.20 ± 0.93 g 4-HIL L-1) were similar with control strain S-D5I (15.73 ± 2.66 g 4-HIL L-1). Then, another copy of IleRS3-ilvA was integrated downstream of the chromosomal cg0963 gene in SN01-derived strain D-RS with down-regulated L-lysine (Lys) biosynthesis. The Ile supply and 4-HIL titer increased in ilvA two-copy strains KIRSA-3-D5I and KIRSA-3-9I, and Ile concentration was maintained less than 35 mmol L-1 under the control of IleRS3 during fermentation. The resulting strain KIRSA-3-9I produced 22.46 ± 0.96 g 4-HIL L-1. CONCLUSION The screened IleRS was effective in the dynamic down-regulation of Ile synthesis pathway in C. glutamicum, and IleRSN with different strength can be applied in various conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhe Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Rui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Feng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Wenmei Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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2
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Pickl M, Ebner M, Gittings S, Clapés P, Kroutil W. Biocatalytic Transamination of Aldolase-Derived 3-Hydroxy Ketones. Adv Synth Catal 2023; 365:1485-1495. [PMID: 38516568 PMCID: PMC10952931 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202300201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Although optical pure amino alcohols are in high demand due to their widespread applicability, they still remain challenging to synthesize, since commonly elaborated protection strategies are required. Here, a multi-enzymatic methodology is presented that circumvents this obstacle furnishing enantioenriched 1,3-amino alcohols out of commodity chemicals. A Type I aldolase forged the carbon backbone with an enantioenriched aldol motif, which was subsequently subjected to enzymatic transamination. A panel of 194 TAs was tested on diverse nine aldol products prepared through different nucleophiles and electrophiles. Due to the availability of (R)- and (S)-selective TAs, both diastereomers of the 1,3-amino alcohol motif were accessible. A two-step process enabled the synthesis of the desired amino alcohols with up to three chiral centers with de up to >97 in the final products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Pickl
- Department of Chemical BiologyInstituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña (IQAC-CSIC)Jordi Girona 18-2608034BarcelonaSpain
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010GrazAustria
| | - Markus Ebner
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010GrazAustria
| | - Samantha Gittings
- Prozomix Ltd. West End Industrial EstateHaltwhistleNorthumberland NE49 9HAU.K
| | - Pere Clapés
- Department of Chemical BiologyInstituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña (IQAC-CSIC)Jordi Girona 18-2608034BarcelonaSpain
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010GrazAustria
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3
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Fujii H, Hibi M, Shimizu S, Yokozeki K, Ogawa J. Three enzymes of Rhizobium radiobacter involved in the novel metabolism of two naturally occurring bioactive oxidative derivatives of L-isoleucine. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:1247-1254. [PMID: 35793557 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Rhizobium radiobacter C58 was found to convert 4-hydroxyisoleucine (HIL) and 2-amino-3-methyl-4-ketopentanoate (AMKP), bioactive oxidative derivatives of L-isoleucine, in both cases producing 2-aminobutyrate. Three native enzymes involved in these metabolisms were purified by column chromatography and successfully identified. In this strain, HIL was converted to acetaldehyde and 2-aminobutyrate by coupling action of the transaminase rrIlvE and the aldolase HkpA. AMKP was also converted to acetate and 2-aminobutyrate by coupling action of rrIlvE and a hydrolase DkhA. In the multi-enzymatic reactions, HkpA catalyzes the retro-aldol reaction of 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-ketopentanoate into acetaldehyde and 2-ketobutyrate, and DkhA catalyzes hydrolytic cleavage of the carbon-carbon bond of 2,4-diketo-3-methylpentanoate into acetate and 2-ketobutyrate. And rrIlvE catalyzes reversible transamination between HIL and 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-ketopentanoate, AMKP and 2,4-diketo-3-methylpentanoate, and 2-ketobutyrate and 2-aminobutyrate. The results suggested that the conversion activity of Rhizobium bacteria play an important role in the complex biological metabolic networks associated with HIL and AMKP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemi Fujii
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Hibi
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, Japan
| | - Sakayu Shimizu
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenzo Yokozeki
- Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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4
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Moreno CJ, Hernández K, Charnok SJ, Gittings S, Bolte M, Joglar J, Bujons J, Parella T, Clapés P. Synthesis of γ-Hydroxy-α-amino Acid Derivatives by Enzymatic Tandem Aldol Addition-Transamination Reactions. ACS Catal 2021; 11:4660-4669. [PMID: 34603828 PMCID: PMC8482765 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
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Three
enzymatic routes toward γ-hydroxy-α-amino acids
by tandem aldol addition–transamination one-pot two-step reactions
are reported. The approaches feature an enantioselective aldol addition
of pyruvate to various nonaromatic aldehydes catalyzed by trans-o-hydroxybenzylidene pyruvate hydratase-aldolase
(HBPA) from Pseudomonas putida. This
affords chiral 4-hydroxy-2-oxo acids, which were subsequently enantioselectively
aminated using S-selective transaminases. Three transamination
processes were investigated involving different amine donors and transaminases:
(i) l-Ala as an amine donor with pyruvate recycling, (ii)
a benzylamine donor using benzaldehyde lyase from Pseudomonas
fluorescens Biovar I (BAL) to transform the benzaldehyde
formed into benzoin, minimizing equilibrium limitations, and (iii) l-Glu as an amine donor with a double cascade comprising branched-chain
α-amino acid aminotransferase (BCAT) and aspartate amino transferase
(AspAT), both from E. coli, using l-Asp as a substrate to regenerate l-Glu. The γ-hydroxy-α-amino
acids thus obtained were transformed into chiral α-amino-γ-butyrolactones,
structural motifs found in many biologically active compounds and
valuable intermediates for the synthesis of pharmaceutical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J. Moreno
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, Department of Biological Chemistry, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-24, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Karel Hernández
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, Department of Biological Chemistry, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-24, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Simon J. Charnok
- Prozomix Ltd. West End Industrial Estate, Haltwhistle, Northumberland NE49 9HA, U.K
| | - Samantha Gittings
- Prozomix Ltd. West End Industrial Estate, Haltwhistle, Northumberland NE49 9HA, U.K
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, J.-W.-Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Jesús Joglar
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, Department of Biological Chemistry, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-24, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Jordi Bujons
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, Department of Biological Chemistry, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-24, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Teodor Parella
- Servei de Ressonància Magnètica Nuclear, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Pere Clapés
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, Department of Biological Chemistry, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-24, Barcelona 08034, Spain
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Martínez-Rodríguez S, Torres JM, Sánchez P, Ortega E. Overview on Multienzymatic Cascades for the Production of Non-canonical α-Amino Acids. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:887. [PMID: 32850740 PMCID: PMC7431475 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The 22 genetically encoded amino acids (AAs) present in proteins (the 20 standard AAs together with selenocysteine and pyrrolysine), are commonly referred as proteinogenic AAs in the literature due to their appearance in ribosome-synthetized polypeptides. Beyond the borders of this key set of compounds, the rest of AAs are generally named imprecisely as non-proteinogenic AAs, even when they can also appear in polypeptide chains as a result of post-transductional machinery. Besides their importance as metabolites in life, many of D-α- and L-α-"non-canonical" amino acids (NcAAs) are of interest in the biotechnological and biomedical fields. They have found numerous applications in the discovery of new medicines and antibiotics, drug synthesis, cosmetic, and nutritional compounds, or in the improvement of protein and peptide pharmaceuticals. In addition to the numerous studies dealing with the asymmetric synthesis of NcAAs, many different enzymatic pathways have been reported in the literature allowing for the biosynthesis of NcAAs. Due to the huge heterogeneity of this group of molecules, this review is devoted to provide an overview on different established multienzymatic cascades for the production of non-canonical D-α- and L-α-AAs, supplying neophyte and experienced professionals in this field with different illustrative examples in the literature. Whereas the discovery of new or newly designed enzymes is of great interest, dusting off previous enzymatic methodologies by a "back and to the future" strategy might accelerate the implementation of new or improved multienzymatic cascades.
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6
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An J, Zhang W, Jing X, Nie Y, Xu Y. Reconstitution of TCA cycle involving l-isoleucine dioxygenase for hydroxylation of l-isoleucine in Escherichia coli using CRISPR-Cas9. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:167. [PMID: 32206501 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-2160-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
l-isoleucine dioxygenase (IDO) is an Fe (II)/α-ketoglutarate (α-KG)-dependent dioxygenase that specifically converts l-isoleucine (l-Ile) to (2S, 3R, 4S)-4-hydroxyisoleucine (4-HIL). 4-HIL is an important drug for the treatment and prevention of type 1 and type 2 diabetes but the yields using current methods are low. In this study, the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system was used to knockout sucAB and aceAK gene in the TCA cycle pathway of Escherichia coli (E. coli). For single-gene knockout, the whole process took approximately 7 days. However, the manipulation time was reduced by 2 days for each round of gene modification for multigene editing. Using the genome-edited recombinant strain E. coli BL21(DE3) ΔsucABΔaceAK/pET-28a(+)-ido (2Δ-ido), the bioconversion ratio of L-Ile to 4-HIL was enhanced by about 15% compared to E. coli BL21(DE3)/pET-28a(+)-ido [BL21(DE3)-ido] strain. The CRISPR-Cas9 editing strategy has the potential in modifying multiple genes more rapidly and in optimizing strains for industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong An
- 1School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 China
- 3International Joint Research Laboratory for Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 China
- 4School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325000 China
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325000 China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- 1School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 China
- 3International Joint Research Laboratory for Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 China
| | - Xiaoran Jing
- 1School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 China
- 3International Joint Research Laboratory for Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 China
| | - Yao Nie
- 1School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 China
- 3International Joint Research Laboratory for Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 China
| | - Yan Xu
- 1School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 China
- 2State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 China
- 3International Joint Research Laboratory for Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 China
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7
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Mindt M, Walter T, Kugler P, Wendisch VF. Microbial Engineering for Production of N-Functionalized Amino Acids and Amines. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e1900451. [PMID: 32170807 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
N-functionalized amines play important roles in nature and occur, for example, in the antibiotic vancomycin, the immunosuppressant cyclosporine, the cytostatic actinomycin, the siderophore aerobactin, the cyanogenic glucoside linamarin, and the polyamine spermidine. In the pharmaceutical and fine-chemical industries N-functionalized amines are used as building blocks for the preparation of bioactive molecules. Processes based on fermentation and on enzyme catalysis have been developed to provide sustainable manufacturing routes to N-alkylated, N-hydroxylated, N-acylated, or other N-functionalized amines including polyamines. Metabolic engineering for provision of precursor metabolites is combined with heterologous N-functionalizing enzymes such as imine or ketimine reductases, opine or amino acid dehydrogenases, N-hydroxylases, N-acyltransferase, or polyamine synthetases. Recent progress and applications of fermentative processes using metabolically engineered bacteria and yeasts along with the employed enzymes are reviewed and the perspectives on developing new fermentative processes based on insight from enzyme catalysis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Mindt
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany.,BU Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Tatjana Walter
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
| | - Pierre Kugler
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
| | - Volker F Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
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8
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Qiao Z, Xu M, Shao M, Zhao Y, Long M, Yang T, Zhang X, Yang S, Nakanishi H, Rao Z. Engineered disulfide bonds improve thermostability and activity of L-isoleucine hydroxylase for efficient 4-HIL production in Bacillus subtilis 168. Eng Life Sci 2019; 20:7-16. [PMID: 32625042 PMCID: PMC6999076 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201900090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
4-Hydroxyisoleucine, a promising drug, has mainly been applied in the clinical treatment of type 2 diabetes in the pharmaceutical industry. l-Isoleucine hydroxylase specifically converts l-Ile to 4-hydroxyisoleucine. However, due to its poor thermostability, the industrial production of 4-hydroxyisoleucine has been largely restricted. In the present study, the disulfide bond in l-isoleucine hydroxylase protein was rationally designed to improve its thermostability to facilitate industrial application. The half-life of variant T181C was 4.03 h at 50°C, 10.27-fold the half-life of wild type (0.39 h). The specific enzyme activity of mutant T181C was 2.42 ± 0.08 U/mg, which was 3.56-fold the specific enzyme activity of wild type 0.68 ± 0.06 U/mg. In addition, molecular dynamics simulation was performed to determine the reason for the improvement of thermostability. Based on five repeated batches of whole-cell biotransformation, Bacillus subtilis 168/pMA5-ido T181C recombinant strain produced a cumulative yield of 856.91 mM (126.11 g/L) 4-hydroxyisoleucine, which is the highest level of productivity reported based on a microbial process. The results could facilitate industrial scale production of 4-hydroxyisoleucine. Rational design of disulfide bond improved l-isoleucine hydroxylase thermostability and may be suitable for protein engineering of other hydroxylases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhina Qiao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu Province P. R. China
| | - Meijuan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu Province P. R. China
| | - Minglong Shao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu Province P. R. China
| | - Youxi Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biomass Waste Resource Utilization, College of Biochemical Engineering Beijing Union University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Mengfei Long
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu Province P. R. China
| | - Taowei Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu Province P. R. China
| | - Xian Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu Province P. R. China
| | - Shangtian Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA
| | - Hideki Nakanishi
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu Province P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Rao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu Province P. R. China
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9
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Sun D, Gao D, Xu P, Guo Q, Zhu Z, Cheng X, Bai S, Qin HM, Lu F. A novel l -leucine 5-hydroxylase from Nostoc piscinale unravels unexpected sulfoxidation activity toward l -methionine. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 149:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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10
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Zhang C, Li Y, Ma J, Liu Y, He J, Li Y, Zhu F, Meng J, Zhan J, Li Z, Zhao L, Ma Q, Fan X, Xu Q, Xie X, Chen N. High production of 4-hydroxyisoleucine in Corynebacterium glutamicum by multistep metabolic engineering. Metab Eng 2018; 49:287-298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Extended substrate range of thiamine diphosphate-dependent MenD enzyme by coupling of two C–C-bonding reactions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:8359-8372. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9259-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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12
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Zhang C, Ma J, Li Z, Liang Y, Xu Q, Xie X, Chen N. A strategy for L-isoleucine dioxygenase screening and 4-hydroxyisoleucine production by resting cells. Bioengineered 2017; 9:72-79. [PMID: 28430004 PMCID: PMC5972919 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2017.1304872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
L-Isoleucine dioxygenase (IDO) specifically converts L-isoleucine(L-Ile) to 4-hydroxyisoleucine(4-HIL). To obtain IDO with improved activity, a strategy was developed that is dependent on the restoration of succinate-minus E. coli cell growth by the coupling of L-Ile hydroxylation and the oxidation of α-ketoglutarate(α-KGA) to succinate. Five mutants were obtained with this strategy, and the characteristics of IDOM3, which exhibited the highest activity, were studied. The catalytic efficiency, thermal stability and catalytic rate of IDOM3 were significantly improved compared with those of wild-type IDO. Moreover, an efficient method for the biotransformation of 4-HIL by resting cells expressing IDOM3 was developed, with which 151.9 mmol of 4-HIL/L (22.4 g/L) was synthesized in 12 h while the substrates seldom exhibited additional consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Zhang
- a College of Biotechnology, Tianjin Engineering Lab of Efficient and Green Amino Acid Manufacture, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin , China.,b Linghua Group Limited , Shandong , China
| | - Jie Ma
- a College of Biotechnology, Tianjin Engineering Lab of Efficient and Green Amino Acid Manufacture, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin , China
| | - Zhixiang Li
- a College of Biotechnology, Tianjin Engineering Lab of Efficient and Green Amino Acid Manufacture, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin , China
| | - Yunlong Liang
- a College of Biotechnology, Tianjin Engineering Lab of Efficient and Green Amino Acid Manufacture, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin , China
| | - Qingyang Xu
- a College of Biotechnology, Tianjin Engineering Lab of Efficient and Green Amino Acid Manufacture, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin , China
| | - Xixian Xie
- a College of Biotechnology, Tianjin Engineering Lab of Efficient and Green Amino Acid Manufacture, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin , China
| | - Ning Chen
- a College of Biotechnology, Tianjin Engineering Lab of Efficient and Green Amino Acid Manufacture, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin , China
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13
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Zafar MI, Gao F. 4-Hydroxyisoleucine: A Potential New Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. BioDrugs 2016; 30:255-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s40259-016-0177-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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Oroz-Guinea I, García-Junceda E. Enzyme catalysed tandem reactions. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2013; 17:236-49. [PMID: 23490810 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To transfer to the laboratory, the excellent efficiency shown by enzymes in Nature, biocatalysis, had to mimic several synthetic strategies used by the living organisms. Biosynthetic pathways are examples of tandem catalysis and may be assimilated in the biocatalysis field for the use of isolated multi-enzyme systems in the homogeneous phase. The concurrent action of several enzymes that work sequentially presents extraordinary advantages from the synthetic point of view, since it permits a reversible process to become irreversible, to shift the equilibrium reaction in such a way that enantiopure compounds can be obtained from prochiral or racemic substrates, reduce or eliminate problems due to product inhibition or prevent the shortage of substrates by dilution or degradation in the bulk media, etc. In this review we want to illustrate the developments of recent studies involving in vitro multi-enzyme reactions for the synthesis of different classes of organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Oroz-Guinea
- Departamento de Química Bio-Orgánica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC, Juan de Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Guo L, Okai M, Mase T, Imai FL, Miyakawa T, Nagata K, Yamanaka H, Fujii H, Hibi M, Ogawa J, Tanokura M. Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-keto-pentanoate aldolase (asHPAL) from Arthrobacter simplex strain AKU 626. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2012; 68:958-61. [PMID: 22869132 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309112028278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-2-keto-pentanoate aldolase (asHPAL), an enzyme used in the synthesis of (2S,3R,4S)-4-hydroxyisoleucine, was crystallized in the absence and the presence of 2-ketobutyrate as one of its substrates by the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method using PEG 400 as a precipitant. Crystals of asHPAL grown without and with 2-ketobutyrate diffracted to 1.60 and 1.55 Å resolution and belonged to space group C2, with unit-cell parameters a = 116.8, b = 88.2, c = 85.3 Å, β = 122.3° and a = 116.2, b = 88.1, c = 85.0 Å, β = 122.3°, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjun Guo
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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l-Leucine 5-hydroxylase of Nostoc punctiforme is a novel type of Fe(II)/α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase that is useful as a biocatalyst. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:2467-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4136-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 04/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis L-isoleucine dioxygenase for production of useful amino acids. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:6926-30. [PMID: 21821743 DOI: 10.1128/aem.05035-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We determined the enzymatic characteristics of an industrially important biocatalyst, α-ketoglutarate-dependent l-isoleucine dioxygenase (IDO), which was found to be the enzyme responsible for the generation of (2S,3R,4S)-4-hydroxyisoleucine in Bacillus thuringiensis 2e2. Depending on the amino acid used as the substrate, IDO catalyzed three different types of oxidation reactions: hydroxylation, dehydrogenation, and sulfoxidation. IDO stereoselectively hydroxylated several hydrophobic aliphatic l-amino acids, as well as l-isoleucine, and produced (S)-3-hydroxy-l-allo-isoleucine, 4-hydroxy-l-leucine, (S)-4-hydroxy-l-norvaline, 4-hydroxy-l-norleucine, and 5-hydroxy-l-norleucine. The IDO reaction product of l-isoleucine, (2S,3R,4S)-4-hydroxyisoleucine, was again reacted with IDO and dehydrogenated into (2S,3R)-2-amino-3-methyl-4-ketopentanoate, which is also a metabolite found in B. thuringiensis 2e2. Interestingly, IDO catalyzed the sulfoxidation of some sulfur-containing l-amino acids and generated l-methionine sulfoxide and l-ethionine sulfoxide. Consequently, the effective production of various modified amino acids would be possible using IDO as the biocatalyst.
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Brovetto M, Gamenara D, Méndez PS, Seoane GA. C-C bond-forming lyases in organic synthesis. Chem Rev 2011; 111:4346-403. [PMID: 21417217 DOI: 10.1021/cr100299p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Brovetto
- Grupo de Fisicoquímica Orgánica y Bioprocesos, Departamento de Química Orgánica, DETEMA, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Gral. Flores 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
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A novel L-isoleucine metabolism in Bacillus thuringiensis generating (2S,3R,4S)-4-hydroxyisoleucine, a potential insulinotropic and anti-obesity amino acid. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 89:1929-38. [PMID: 21069315 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2983-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
4-Hydroxyisoleucine (HIL) found in fenugreek seeds has insulinotropic and anti-obesity effects and is expected to be a novel orally active drug for insulin-independent diabetes. Here, we show that the newly isolated strain Bacillus thuringiensis 2e2 and the closely related strain B. thuringiensis ATCC 35646 operate a novel metabolic pathway for L-isoleucine (L-Ile) via HIL and 2-amino-3-methyl-4-ketopentanoic acid (AMKP). The HIL synthesis was catalyzed stereoselectively by an α-ketoglutaric acid-dependent dioxygenase and to be useful for efficient production of a naturally occurring HIL isomer, (2S,3R,4S)-HIL. The (2S,3R,4S)-HIL was oxidized to (2S,3R)-AMKP by a NAD(+)-dependent dehydrogenase. The metabolic pathway functions as an effective bypass pathway that compensates for the incomplete tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in Bacillus species and also explains how AMKP, a vitamin B(12) antimetabolite with antibiotic activity, is synthesized. These novel findings pave a new way for the commercial production of HIL and also for AMKP.
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Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli to produce (2S, 3R, 4S)-4-hydroxyisoleucine. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 88:719-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2772-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kodera T, Smirnov SV, Samsonova NN, Kozlov YI, Koyama R, Hibi M, Ogawa J, Yokozeki K, Shimizu S. A novel l-isoleucine hydroxylating enzyme, l-isoleucine dioxygenase from Bacillus thuringiensis, produces (2S,3R,4S)-4-hydroxyisoleucine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 390:506-10. [PMID: 19850012 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.09.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The unique function of 4-hydroxyisoleucine (4-HIL) is to stimulate glucose-induced insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner. 4-HIL is distributed only in certain kinds of plants and mushrooms, but the biosynthetic mechanism of 4-HIL has not been elucidated. Moreover, 4-HIL-producing microorganisms have not been reported. l-isoleucine (l-Ile) hydroxylating activity producing 4-HIL was detected in a cell lysate of Bacillus thuringiensis strain 2e2 AKU 0251 obtained from the mid-late exponential phase of growth. Properties of the purified hydroxylase demonstrated that it is a alpha-ketoglutaric acid (alpha-KG) dependent l-Ile dioxygenase (IDO) and requires alpha-KG, ferric ion, and ascorbic acid for its maximum activity. IDO showed high stereoselectivity in l-Ile hydroxylation producing only (2S,3R,4S)-4-HIL. The N-terminal 22 amino acids sequence revealed high homology to a hypothetical protein (GenBank ID: RBTH_06809) in B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis ATCC 35646. The histidine motif, which is conserved in alpha-KG dependent dioxygenases, is found in RBTH_06809.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kodera
- Institute of Life Sciences, Ajinomoto Co, Inc, Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-shi 210-8681, Japan.
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Rea D, Hovington R, Rakus JF, Gerlt JA, Fülöp V, Bugg TDH, Roper DI. Crystal structure and functional assignment of YfaU, a metal ion dependent class II aldolase from Escherichia coli K12. Biochemistry 2008; 47:9955-65. [PMID: 18754683 DOI: 10.1021/bi800943g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
One of the major challenges in the postgenomic era is the functional assignment of proteins using sequence- and structure-based predictive methods coupled with experimental validation. We have used these approaches to investigate the structure and function of the Escherichia coli K-12 protein YfaU, annotated as a putative 4-hydroxy-2-ketoheptane-1,7-dioate aldolase (HpcH) in the sequence databases. HpcH is the final enzyme in the degradation pathway of the aromatic compound homoprotocatechuate. We have determined the crystal structure of apo-YfaU and the Mg (2+)-pyruvate product complex. Despite greater sequence and structural similarity to HpcH, genomic context suggests YfaU is instead a 2-keto-3-deoxy sugar aldolase like the homologous 2-dehydro-3-deoxygalactarate aldolase (DDGA). Enzyme kinetic measurements show activity with the probable physiological substrate 2-keto-3-deoxy- l-rhamnonate, supporting the functional assignment, as well as the structurally similar 2-keto-3-deoxy- l-mannonate and 2-keto-3-deoxy- l-lyxonate (see accompanying paper: Rakus, J. F., Fedorov, A. A., Fedorov, E. V., Glasner, M. E., Hubbard, B. K., Delli, J. D., Babbitt, P. C., Almo, S. C., and Gerlt, J. A. (2008) Biochemistry 47, 9944-9954). YfaU has similar activity toward the HpcH substrate 4-hydroxy-2-ketoheptane-1,7-dioate and synthetic substrates 4-hydroxy-2-ketopentanoic acid and 4-hydroxy-2-ketohexanoic acid. This indicates a relaxed substrate specificity that complicates the functional assignment of members of this enzyme superfamily. Crystal structures suggest these enzymes use an Asp-His intersubunit dyad to activate a metal-bound water or hydroxide for proton transfer during catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Rea
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UK
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