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Hsiung RT, Fang WT, LePage BA, Hsu SA, Hsu CH, Chou JY. In Vitro Properties of Potential Probiotic Indigenous Yeasts Originating from Fermented Food and Beverages in Taiwan. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:113-124. [PMID: 32472389 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09661-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms that may be able to help prevent and treat some illnesses. Most probiotics on the market are bacterial, primarily Lactobacillus. Yeast are an inevitable part of the microbiota of various fermented foods and beverages and have several beneficial properties that bacteria do not have. In this study, yeast strains were isolated from fermented food and beverages. Various physiological features of the candidate probiotic isolates were preliminarily investigated, including bile salt and acid tolerance, cell surface hydrophobicity, autoaggregation, antioxidant activity, and β-galactosidase activity. Several yeast strains with probiotic potential were selected. Overall, Kluyveromyces marxianus JYC2614 adapted well to the bile salt and acid tolerance test; it also had favorable autoaggregation and good cell-surface hydrophobicity. Klu. marxianus JYC2610 grew well according to the bile salt and acid tolerance test and performed well regarding cell surface hydrophobicity and β-galactosidase activity. Selected yeast species can survive in a gastrointestinal environment and should be further evaluated in vivo as probiotics in the future. Our findings should encourage further studies on the application of the strains in this study as food and feed supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Ting Hsiung
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, 500, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ta Fang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 116, Taiwan
| | - Ben A LePage
- Pacific Gas and Electric Company, 3401 Crow Canyon Road,, San Ramon, CA, 94583, USA.,Academy of Natural Sciences, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, PA, 19103, USA
| | - Shih-An Hsu
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, 500, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsuan Hsu
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Yu Chou
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, 500, Taiwan.
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Skalski JH, Limon JJ, Sharma P, Gargus MD, Nguyen C, Tang J, Coelho AL, Hogaboam CM, Crother TR, Underhill DM. Expansion of commensal fungus Wallemia mellicola in the gastrointestinal mycobiota enhances the severity of allergic airway disease in mice. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007260. [PMID: 30235351 PMCID: PMC6147580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal microbiota influences immune function throughout the body. The gut-lung axis refers to the concept that alterations of gut commensal microorganisms can have a distant effect on immune function in the lung. Overgrowth of intestinal Candida albicans has been previously observed to exacerbate allergic airways disease in mice, but whether subtler changes in intestinal fungal microbiota can affect allergic airways disease is less clear. In this study we have investigated the effects of the population expansion of commensal fungus Wallemia mellicola without overgrowth of the total fungal community. Wallemia spp. are commonly found as a minor component of the commensal gastrointestinal mycobiota in both humans and mice. Mice with an unaltered gut microbiota community resist population expansion when gavaged with W. mellicola; however, transient antibiotic depletion of gut microbiota creates a window of opportunity for expansion of W. mellicola following delivery of live spores to the gastrointestinal tract. This phenomenon is not universal as other commensal fungi (Aspergillus amstelodami, Epicoccum nigrum) do not expand when delivered to mice with antibiotic-depleted microbiota. Mice with Wallemia-expanded gut mycobiota experienced altered pulmonary immune responses to inhaled aeroallergens. Specifically, after induction of allergic airways disease with intratracheal house dust mite (HDM) antigen, mice demonstrated enhanced eosinophilic airway infiltration, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to methacholine challenge, goblet cell hyperplasia, elevated bronchoalveolar lavage IL-5, and enhanced serum HDM IgG1. This phenomenon occurred with no detectable Wallemia in the lung. Targeted amplicon sequencing analysis of the gastrointestinal mycobiota revealed that expansion of W. mellicola in the gut was associated with additional alterations of bacterial and fungal commensal communities. We therefore colonized fungus-free Altered Schaedler Flora (ASF) mice with W. mellicola. ASF mice colonized with W. mellicola experienced enhanced severity of allergic airways disease compared to fungus-free control ASF mice without changes in bacterial community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H. Skalski
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, and the Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jose J. Limon
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, and the Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Purnima Sharma
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, and the Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Matthew D. Gargus
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, and the Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher Nguyen
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, and the Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jie Tang
- Genomics Core, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ana Lucia Coelho
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Cory M. Hogaboam
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Timothy R. Crother
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, and the Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - David M. Underhill
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, and the Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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The Genus Wallemia—From Contamination of Food to Health Threat. Microorganisms 2018; 6:microorganisms6020046. [PMID: 29883408 PMCID: PMC6027281 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6020046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal genus Wallemia of the order Wallemiales (Wallemiomycotina, Basidiomycota) comprises the most xerotolerant, xerophilic and also halophilic species worldwide. Wallemia spp. are found in various osmotically challenged environments, such as dry, salted, or highly sugared foods, dry feed, hypersaline waters of solar salterns, salt crystals, indoor and outdoor air, and agriculture aerosols. Recently, eight species were recognized for the genus Wallemia, among which four are commonly associated with foods: W. sebi, W. mellicola, W. muriae and W. ichthyophaga. To date, only strains of W. sebi, W. mellicola and W. muriae have been reported to be related to human health problems, as either allergological conditions (e.g., farmer’s lung disease) or rare subcutaneous/cutaneous infections. Therefore, this allergological and infective potential, together with the toxins that the majority of Wallemia spp. produce even under saline conditions, defines these fungi as filamentous food-borne pathogenic fungi.
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Jančič S, Frisvad JC, Kocev D, Gostinčar C, Džeroski S, Gunde-Cimerman N. Production of Secondary Metabolites in Extreme Environments: Food- and Airborne Wallemia spp. Produce Toxic Metabolites at Hypersaline Conditions. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0169116. [PMID: 28036382 PMCID: PMC5201246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The food- and airborne fungal genus Wallemia comprises seven xerophilic and halophilic species: W. sebi, W. mellicola, W. canadensis, W. tropicalis, W. muriae, W. hederae and W. ichthyophaga. All listed species are adapted to low water activity and can contaminate food preserved with high amounts of salt or sugar. In relation to food safety, the effect of high salt and sugar concentrations on the production of secondary metabolites by this toxigenic fungus was investigated. The secondary metabolite profiles of 30 strains of the listed species were examined using general growth media, known to support the production of secondary metabolites, supplemented with different concentrations of NaCl, glucose and MgCl2. In more than two hundred extracts approximately one hundred different compounds were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). Although the genome data analysis of W. mellicola (previously W. sebi sensu lato) and W. ichthyophaga revealed a low number of secondary metabolites clusters, a substantial number of secondary metabolites were detected at different conditions. Machine learning analysis of the obtained dataset showed that NaCl has higher influence on the production of secondary metabolites than other tested solutes. Mass spectrometric analysis of selected extracts revealed that NaCl in the medium affects the production of some compounds with substantial biological activities (wallimidione, walleminol, walleminone, UCA 1064-A and UCA 1064-B). In particular an increase in NaCl concentration from 5% to 15% in the growth media increased the production of the toxic metabolites wallimidione, walleminol and walleminone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sašo Jančič
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jens C. Frisvad
- Department of System Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Dragi Kocev
- Department of Knowledge Technologies, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Cene Gostinčar
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sašo Džeroski
- Department of Knowledge Technologies, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Gunde-Cimerman
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins (CIPKeBiP), Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Botić T, Cör D, Anesi A, Guella G, Sepčić K, Janussen D, Kersken D, Knez Ž. Fatty acid composition and antioxidant activity of Antarctic marine sponges of the genus Latrunculia. Polar Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-015-1722-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Jančič S, Nguyen HDT, Frisvad JC, Zalar P, Schroers HJ, Seifert KA, Gunde-Cimerman N. A Taxonomic Revision of the Wallemia sebi Species Complex. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125933. [PMID: 26017053 PMCID: PMC4446336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Wallemia sebi is a xerophilic food- and air-borne fungus. The name has been used for strains that prevail in cold, temperate and tropical climates. In this study, multi-locus phylogenetic analyses, using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, DNA replication licensing factor (MCM7), pre-rRNA processing protein (TSR1), RNA polymerase II largest subunit (RPB1), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) and a new marker 3´-phosphoadenosine-5´-phosphatase (HAL2), confirmed the previous hypothesis that W. sebi presents a complex of at least four species. Here, we confirm and apply the phylogenetic analyses based species hypotheses from a companion study to guide phenotypic assessment of W. sebi like strains from a wide range of substrates, climates and continents allowed the recognition of W. sebi sensu stricto and three new species described as W. mellicola, W. Canadensis, and W. tropicalis. The species differ in their conidial size, xerotolerance, halotolerance, chaotolerance, growth temperature regimes, extracellular enzyme activity profiles, and secondary metabolite patterns. A key to all currently accepted Wallemia species is provided that allow their identification on the basis of physiological, micromorphological and culture characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sašo Jančič
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Hai D. T. Nguyen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jens C. Frisvad
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Polona Zalar
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Keith A. Seifert
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Biodiversity (Mycology), Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nina Gunde-Cimerman
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins (CIPKeBiP), Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Novak M, Sepčić K, Kraševec N, Križaj I, Maček P, Anderluh G, Guella G, Mancini I. Targeted lipid analysis of haemolytic mycelial extracts of Aspergillus niger. Molecules 2014; 19:9051-69. [PMID: 24983857 PMCID: PMC6272009 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19079051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanolic extracts of mycelia from Aspergillus niger (strain N402) grown in liquid media were observed to have haemolytic activity on bovine erythrocytes. This haemolytic activity decreased significantly during the time of growth (1-3 days). Moreover, when A. niger was grown on carbon-deprived medium, the efficiency of this haemolytic activity in the ethanolic extracts was much lower than when grown in carbon-enriched medium, and became almost undetectable after 3 days of growth in carbon-deprived medium. The lipid composition of these ethanolic extracts was analysed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry. This haemolytic activity can be mainly linked to the relative levels of the molar ratios of the unsaturated fatty acids and lysophosphatidylcholines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maruša Novak
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Kristina Sepčić
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Nada Kraševec
- National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Igor Križaj
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Peter Maček
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | | | - Graziano Guella
- Department of Physics, Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, I-38123 Povo-Trento, Italy.
| | - Ines Mancini
- Department of Physics, Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, I-38123 Povo-Trento, Italy.
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Abstract
Hemolysins are a class of proteins defined by their ability to lyse red cells but have been described to exhibit pleiotropic functions. These proteins have been extensively studied in bacteria and more recently in fungi. Within the last decade, a number of studies have characterized fungal hemolysins and revealed a fascinating yet diverse group of proteins. The purpose of this review is to provide a synopsis of the known fungal hemolysins with an emphasis on those belonging to the aegerolysin protein family. New insight and perspective into fungal hemolysins in biotechnology and health are additionally presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay P Nayak
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
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