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Wu YD, Jiang HJ, Zhou HH, Xu JY, Liu Q, Sun XH, Wu YH, Lin ZY. PRP significantly promotes the adhesion and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells on stent material. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:581. [PMID: 38071348 PMCID: PMC10710707 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adhesion and survival state of cells on scaffold material is a major problem in tissue-engineered blood vessel (TEBV) culture. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains a large amount of biologically active factors and fibrin, which is expected to play an important role in TEBV culture. PURPOSE To combine PRP with cells and scaffold material to promote cell adhesion and biological activity on the scaffold material. METHODS The adhesion status and migration of SMCs under the optimal concentration suitable for SMC growth and the optimal concentration of PRP were examined by scanning electron microscopy, HE staining, CCK-8 assays, qPCR, WB, and other experimental methods and compared with those under the conventional culture (20% FBS); finally, the effect of PRP on the deposition of ECM in vascular tissue engineering culture was verified by three-dimensional culture. RESULTS PRP at 20% is a suitable concentration for SMCs. Compared with the control group, the 20% PRP group had better migration, and the number of SMC adhesions was significantly higher than that of the control group. In addition, collagen deposition in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group. CONCLUSION PRP (20%) can promote SMC adhesion, migration, and collagen deposition on the scaffold material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Di Wu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), South Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong-Jing Jiang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), South Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao-Hao Zhou
- Ji Hua Institute of Biomedical Engineering Technology, Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, 528200, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Yi Xu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Liu
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Xu-Heng Sun
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue-Heng Wu
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), South Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhan-Yi Lin
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), South Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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2
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Ren J, Wang XQ, Nakao T, Libby P, Shi GP. Differential Roles of Interleukin-6 in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 Infection and Cardiometabolic Diseases. CARDIOLOGY DISCOVERY 2023; 3:166-182. [PMID: 38152628 PMCID: PMC10750760 DOI: 10.1097/cd9.0000000000000096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can lead to a cytokine storm, unleashed in part by pyroptosis of virus-infected macrophages and monocytes. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has emerged as a key participant in this ominous complication of COVID-19. IL-6 antagonists have improved outcomes in patients with COVID-19 in some, but not all, studies. IL-6 signaling involves at least 3 distinct pathways, including classic-signaling, trans-signaling, and trans-presentation depending on the localization of IL-6 receptor and its binding partner glycoprotein gp130. IL-6 has become a therapeutic target in COVID-19, cardiovascular diseases, and other inflammatory conditions. However, the efficacy of inhibition of IL-6 signaling in metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, may depend in part on cell type-dependent actions of IL-6 in controlling lipid metabolism, glucose uptake, and insulin sensitivity owing to complexities that remain to be elucidated. The present review sought to summarize and discuss the current understanding of how and whether targeting IL-6 signaling ameliorates outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated clinical complications, focusing predominantly on metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ren
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Xiao-Qi Wang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Tetsushi Nakao
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Peter Libby
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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3
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Schönke M, Ying Z, Kovynev A, In Het Panhuis W, Binnendijk A, van der Poel S, Pronk ACM, Streefland TCM, Hoekstra M, Kooijman S, Rensen PCN. Time to run: Late rather than early exercise training in mice remodels the gut microbiome and reduces atherosclerosis development. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22719. [PMID: 36562708 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201304r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic and inflammatory processes that are implicated in the development of cardiovascular diseases are under control of the biological clock. While skeletal muscle function exhibits circadian rhythms, it is unclear to what extent the beneficial health effects of exercise are restricted to unique time windows. We aimed to study whether the timing of exercise training differentially modulates the development of atherosclerosis and elucidate underlying mechanisms. We endurance-trained atherosclerosis-prone female APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice fed a Western-type diet, a well-established human-like model for cardiometabolic diseases, for 1 h five times a week for 4 weeks either in their early or in their late active phase on a treadmill. We monitored metabolic parameters, the development of atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic root and assessed the composition of the gut microbiota. Late, but not early, exercise training reduced fat mass by 19% and the size of early-stage atherosclerotic lesions by as much as 29% compared to sedentary animals. No correlation between cholesterol exposure and lesion size was evident, as no differences in plasma lipid levels were observed, but circulating levels of the pro-inflammatory markers ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were reduced with late exercise. Strikingly, we observed a time-of-day-dependent effect of exercise training on the composition of the gut microbiota as only late training increased the abundance of gut bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids with proposed anti-inflammatory properties. Together, these findings indicate that timing is a critical factor to the beneficial anti-atherosclerotic effects of exercise with a great potential to further optimize training recommendations for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Schönke
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Zhixiong Ying
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Artemiy Kovynev
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wietse In Het Panhuis
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Binnendijk
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine van der Poel
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda C M Pronk
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Trea C M Streefland
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Menno Hoekstra
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Department of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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4
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Otocka-Kmiecik A. Effect of Carotenoids on Paraoxonase-1 Activity and Gene Expression. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142842. [PMID: 35889799 PMCID: PMC9318174 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an antioxidant enzyme attached to HDL with an anti-atherogenic potential. It protects LDL and HDL from lipid peroxidation. The enzyme is sensitive to various modulating factors, such as genetic polymorphisms as well as pharmacological, dietary (including carotenoids), and lifestyle interventions. Carotenoids are nutritional pigments with antioxidant activity. The aim of this review was to gather evidence on their effect on the modulation of PON1 activity and gene expression. Carotenoids administered as naturally occurring nutritional mixtures may present a synergistic beneficial effect on PON1 status. The effect of carotenoids on the enzyme depends on age, ethnicity, gender, diet, and PON1 genetic variation. Carotenoids, especially astaxanthin, β-carotene, and lycopene, increase PON1 activity. This effect may be explained by their ability to quench singlet oxygen and scavenge free radicals. β-carotene and lycopene were additionally shown to upregulate PON1 gene expression. The putative mechanisms of such regulation involve PON1 CpG-rich region methylation, Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKKII) pathway induction, and upregulation via steroid regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP-2). More detailed and extensive research on the mechanisms of PON1 modulation by carotenoids may lead to the development of new targeted therapies for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Otocka-Kmiecik
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka St., 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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5
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He W, Wang Y, Yang R, Ma H, Qin X, Yan M, Rong Y, Xie Y, Li L, Si J, Li X, Ma K. Molecular Mechanism of Naringenin Against High-Glucose-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Proliferation and Migration Based on Network Pharmacology and Transcriptomic Analyses. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:862709. [PMID: 35754483 PMCID: PMC9219407 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.862709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the protective effects of naringenin (Nar) on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) have been confirmed, whether it has anti-proliferation and anti-migration effects in high-glucose-induced VSMCs has remained unclear. This study aimed to clarify the potential targets and molecular mechanism of Nar when used to treat high-glucose-induced vasculopathy based on transcriptomics, network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vivo and in vitro assays. We found that Nar has visible anti-proliferation and anti-migration effects both in vitro (high-glucose-induced VSMC proliferation and migration model) and in vivo (type 1 diabetes mouse model). Based on the results of network pharmacology and molecular docking, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), the proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src (Src) and the kinase insert domain receptor (KDR) are the core targets of Nar when used to treat diabetic angiopathies, according to the degree value and the docking score of the three core genes. Interestingly, not only the Biological Process (BP), Molecular Function (MF), and KEGG enrichment results from network pharmacology analysis but also transcriptomics showed that phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) is the most likely downstream pathway involved in the protective effects of Nar on VSMCs. Notably, according to the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the transcriptomic analysis, we found that cAMP-responsive element binding protein 5 (CREB5) is a downstream protein of the PI3K/Akt pathway that participates in VSMCs proliferation and migration. Furthermore, the results of molecular experiments in vitro were consistent with the bioinformatic analysis. Nar significantly inhibited the protein expression of the core targets (VEGFA, Src and KDR) and downregulated the PI3K/Akt/CREB5 pathway. Our results indicated that Nar exerted anti-proliferation and anti-migration effects on high-glucose-induced VSMCs through decreasing expression of the target protein VEGFA, and then downregulating the PI3K/Akt/CREB5 pathway, suggesting its potential for treating diabetic angiopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun He
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Yanming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Department of Physiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Department of Physiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Huihui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Department of Physiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Xuqing Qin
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Department of Physiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Meijuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Yi Rong
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Department of Physiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Yufang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Department of Physiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Junqiang Si
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Department of Physiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Xinzhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Ketao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Department of Physiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
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6
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Bachmann JC, Baumgart SJ, Uryga AK, Bosteen MH, Borghetti G, Nyberg M, Herum KM. Fibrotic Signaling in Cardiac Fibroblasts and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: The Dual Roles of Fibrosis in HFpEF and CAD. Cells 2022; 11:1657. [PMID: 35626694 PMCID: PMC9139546 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and atherosclerosis-driven coronary artery disease (CAD) will have ongoing fibrotic remodeling both in the myocardium and in atherosclerotic plaques. However, the functional consequences of fibrosis differ for each location. Thus, cardiac fibrosis leads to myocardial stiffening, thereby compromising cardiac function, while fibrotic remodeling stabilizes the atherosclerotic plaque, thereby reducing the risk of plaque rupture. Although there are currently no drugs targeting cardiac fibrosis, it is a field under intense investigation, and future drugs must take these considerations into account. To explore similarities and differences of fibrotic remodeling at these two locations of the heart, we review the signaling pathways that are activated in the main extracellular matrix (ECM)-producing cells, namely human cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Although these signaling pathways are highly overlapping and context-dependent, effects on ECM remodeling mainly act through two core signaling cascades: TGF-β and Angiotensin II. We complete this by summarizing the knowledge gained from clinical trials targeting these two central fibrotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kate M. Herum
- Research and Early Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760 Maaloev, Denmark; (J.C.B.); (S.J.B.); (A.K.U.); (M.H.B.); (G.B.); (M.N.)
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7
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Villar-Fincheira P, Sanhueza-Olivares F, Norambuena-Soto I, Cancino-Arenas N, Hernandez-Vargas F, Troncoso R, Gabrielli L, Chiong M. Role of Interleukin-6 in Vascular Health and Disease. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:641734. [PMID: 33786327 PMCID: PMC8004548 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.641734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-6 is usually described as a pleiotropic cytokine produced in response to tissue injury or infection. As a pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-6 activates innate and adaptative immune responses. IL-6 is released in the innate immune response by leukocytes as well as stromal cells upon pattern recognition receptor activation. IL-6 then recruits immune cells and triggers B and T cell response. Dysregulated IL-6 activity is associated with pathologies involving chronic inflammation and autoimmunity, including atherosclerosis. However, IL-6 is also produced and released under beneficial conditions, such as exercise, where IL-6 is associated with the anti-inflammatory and metabolic effects coupled with physical adaptation to intense training. Exercise-associated IL-6 acts on adipose tissue to induce lipogenesis and on arteries to induce adaptative vascular remodeling. These divergent actions could be explained by complex signaling networks. Classical IL-6 signaling involves a membrane-bound IL-6 receptor and glycoprotein 130 (gp130), while trans-signaling relies on a soluble version of IL-6R (sIL-6R) and membrane-bound gp130. Trans-signaling, but not the classical pathway, is regulated by soluble gp130. In this review, we discuss the similarities and differences in IL-6 cytokine and myokine signaling to explain the differential and opposite effects of this protein during inflammation and exercise, with a special focus on the vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Villar-Fincheira
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases & CEMC, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernanda Sanhueza-Olivares
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases & CEMC, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Norambuena-Soto
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases & CEMC, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicole Cancino-Arenas
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases & CEMC, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Hernandez-Vargas
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases & CEMC, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Troncoso
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luigi Gabrielli
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Luigi Gabrielli, ; Mario Chiong,
| | - Mario Chiong
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases & CEMC, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Luigi Gabrielli, ; Mario Chiong,
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8
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Kim J, Yoo JY, Suh JM, Park S, Kang D, Jo H, Bae YS. The flagellin-TLR5-Nox4 axis promotes the migration of smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-13. [PMID: 31292433 PMCID: PMC6802658 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0275-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) is involved in the formation of neointimal atherosclerotic plaques through the migration of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in response to flagellin. Here, we demonstrate that TLR5-mediated Nox4 activation regulates the migration of SMCs, leading to neointimal plaque formation in atherosclerosis. To investigate the molecular mechanism by which the TLR5-Nox4 cascade mediates SMC migration, we analyzed the signaling cascade in primary vascular SMCs (VSMCs) from wild-type (WT) or Nox4 KO mice. Stimulation of VSMCs from Nox4 KO mice with flagellin failed to induce H2O2 production and Rac activation compared with stimulation of VSMCs from WT mice. Moreover, the migration of Nox4-deficient VSMCs was attenuated in response to flagellin in transwell migration and wound healing assays. Finally, we performed partial carotid artery ligation in ApoE KO and Nox4ApoE DKO mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) with or without recombinant FliC (rFliC) injection. Injection of rFliC into ApoE KO mice fed a HFD resulted in significantly increased SMC migration into the intimal layer, whereas SMC accumulation was not detected in Nox4ApoE DKO mice. We conclude that activation of the TLR5-Nox4 cascade plays an important role in the formation of neointimal atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinoh Kim
- 0000 0001 2171 7754grid.255649.9Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Yeon Yoo
- 0000 0001 2171 7754grid.255649.9Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Min Suh
- 0000 0001 2171 7754grid.255649.9Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sujin Park
- 0000 0001 2171 7754grid.255649.9Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongmin Kang
- 0000 0001 2171 7754grid.255649.9Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- 0000 0001 0941 6502grid.189967.8Department of Biotechnology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Yun Soo Bae
- 0000 0001 2171 7754grid.255649.9Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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9
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Yuan HX, Feng XE, Liu EL, Ge R, Zhang YL, Xiao BG, Li QS. 5,2'-dibromo-2,4',5'-trihydroxydiphenylmethanone attenuates LPS-induced inflammation and ROS production in EA.hy926 cells via HMBOX1 induction. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:453-463. [PMID: 30358079 PMCID: PMC6307801 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important factors in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). 5,2′‐dibromo‐2,4′,5′‐trihydroxydiphenylmethanone (TDD), possess anti‐atherogenic properties; however, its underlying mechanism of action remains unclear. Therefore, we sought to understand the therapeutic molecular mechanism of TDD in inflammatory response and oxidative stress in EA.hy926 cells. Microarray analysis revealed that the expression of homeobox containing 1 (HMBOX1) was dramatically upregulated in TDD‐treated EA.hy926 cells. According to the gene ontology (GO) analysis of microarray data, TDD significantly influenced the response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS); it suppressed the LPS‐induced adhesion of monocytes to EA.hy926 cells. Simultaneously, TDD dose‐dependently inhibited the production or expression of IL‐6, IL‐1β, MCP‐1, TNF‐α, VCAM‐1, ICAM‐1 and E‐selectin as well as ROS in LPS‐stimulated EA.hy926 cells. HMBOX1 knockdown using RNA interference attenuated the anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidative effects of TDD. Furthermore, TDD inhibited LPS‐induced NF‐κB and MAPK activation in EA.hy926 cells, but this effect was abolished by HMBOX1 knockdown. Overall, these results demonstrate that TDD activates HMBOX1, which is an inducible protective mechanism that inhibits LPS‐induced inflammation and ROS production in EA.hy926 cells by the subsequent inhibition of redox‐sensitive NF‐κB and MAPK activation. Our study suggested that TDD may be a potential novel agent for treating endothelial cells dysfunction in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Yuan
- School of Public Health Science & Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, Shanxi University of Chinese medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiu-E Feng
- School of Public Health Science & Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - En-Li Liu
- School of Public Health Science & Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rui Ge
- School of Public Health Science & Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuan-Lin Zhang
- School of Public Health Science & Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bao-Guo Xiao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, Shanxi University of Chinese medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qing-Shan Li
- School of Public Health Science & Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation, Shanxi University of Chinese medicine, Taiyuan, China
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Srimachai S, Devaux S, Demougeot C, Kumphune S, Ullrich ND, Niggli E, Ingkaninan K, Kamkaew N, Scholfield CN, Tapechum S, Chootip K. Bacopa monnieri extract increases rat coronary flow and protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:117. [PMID: 28219356 PMCID: PMC5319078 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1637-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background This study explored Bacopa monnieri, a medicinal Ayurvedic herb, as a cardioprotectant against ischemia/reperfusion injury using cardiac function and coronary flow as end-points. Methods In normal isolated rat hearts, coronary flow, left ventricular developed pressure, heart rate, and functional recovery were measured using the Langendorff preparation. Hearts were perfused with either (i) Krebs-Henseleit (normal) solution, (control), or with 30, 100 μg/ml B. monnieri ethanolic extract (30 min), or (ii) with normal solution or extract for 10 min preceding no-perfusion ischemia (30 min) followed by reperfusion (30 min) with normal solution. Infarct volumes were measured by triphenyltetrazolium staining. L-type Ca2+-currents (ICa, L) were measured by whole-cell patching in HL-1 cells, a mouse atrial cardiomyocyte cell line. Cytotoxicity of B. monnieri was assessed in rat isolated ventricular myocytes by trypan blue exclusion. Results In normally perfused hearts, B. monnieri increased coronary flow by 63 ± 13% (30 μg/ml) and 216 ± 21% (100 μg/ml), compared to control (5 ± 3%) (n = 8–10, p < 0.001). B. monnieri treatment preceding ischemia/reperfusion improved left ventricular developed pressure by 84 ± 10% (30 μg/ml), 82 ± 10% (100 μg/ml) and 52 ± 6% (control) compared to pre- ischemia/reperfusion. Similarly, functional recovery showed a sustained increase. Moreover, B. monnieri (100 μg/ml) reduced the percentage of infarct size from 51 ± 2% (control) to 25 ± 2% (n = 6-8, p < 0.0001). B. monnieri (100 μg/ml) reduced ICa, L by 63 ± 4% in HL-1 cells. Ventricular myocyte survival decreased at higher concentrations (50–1000 μg/ml) B. monnieri. Conclusions B. monnieri improves myocardial function following ischemia/reperfusion injury through recovery of coronary blood flow, contractile force and decrease in infarct size. Thus this may lead to a novel cardioprotectant strategy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1637-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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11
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Liang W, Ward LJ, Karlsson H, Ljunggren SA, Li W, Lindahl M, Yuan XM. Distinctive proteomic profiles among different regions of human carotid plaques in men and women. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26231. [PMID: 27198765 PMCID: PMC4873748 DOI: 10.1038/srep26231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of atherosclerotic tissue has limited comprehension in proteomic and metabolomic analyses. To elucidate the functional implications, and differences between genders, of atherosclerotic lesion formation we investigated protein profiles from different regions of human carotid atherosclerotic arteries; internal control, fatty streak, plaque shoulder, plaque centre, and fibrous cap. Proteomic analysis was performed using 2-DE with MALDI-TOF, with validation using nLC-MS/MS. Protein mapping of 2-DE identified 52 unique proteins, including 15 previously unmapped proteins, of which 41 proteins were confirmed by nLC-MS/MS analysis. Expression levels of 18 proteins were significantly altered in plaque regions compared to the internal control region. Nine proteins showed site-specific alterations, irrespective of gender, with clear associations to extracellular matrix remodelling. Five proteins display gender-specific alterations with 2-DE, with two alterations validated by nLC-MS/MS. Gender differences in ferritin light chain and transthyretin were validated using both techniques. Validation of immunohistochemistry confirmed significantly higher levels of ferritin in plaques from male patients. Proteomic analysis of different plaque regions has reduced the effects of plaque heterogeneity, and significant differences in protein expression are determined in specific regions and between genders. These proteomes have functional implications in plaque progression and are of importance in understanding gender differences in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhao Liang
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liam J Ward
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Helen Karlsson
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Stefan A Ljunggren
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Wei Li
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mats Lindahl
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Xi-Ming Yuan
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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12
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Qu D, Liu J, Lau CW, Huang Y. IL-6 in diabetes and cardiovascular complications. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 171:3595-603. [PMID: 24697653 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine that participates in normal functions of the immune system, haematopoiesis, metabolism, as well as in the pathogenesis of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Both pro- and anti-inflammatory roles of IL-6 have been described, which are distinguished by different cascades of signalling transduction, namely classic and trans-signalling. The present review summarizes the basic principles of IL-6 signalling and discusses its roles in diabetes and associated cardiovascular complications, with emphasis on the different outcomes mediated by the two modes of IL-6 signalling and the value of developing therapeutic strategies to specifically target the deleterious trans-signalling of IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Qu
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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13
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Cao L, Pan D, Li D, Zhang Y, Chen Q, Xu T, Li W, Wu W. Relation between anti-atherosclerotic effects of IRAK4 and modulation of vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype in diabetic rats. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:899-910. [PMID: 27158377 PMCID: PMC4846934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of phenotypic modulation in VSMCs is the initial stage of atherosclerosis, especially in diabetes. Functional deficiency of IRAK4 inhibits the formation of vascular lesions in ApoE-/- mice. Therefore, in this study, we examined the functions of IRAK4 in the regulation of VSMCs differentiation and phenotypic modulation at the levels of transcription and translation in T2D rats. The T2D rat model was generated by feeding a high-fat diet and injecting a low dose of streptozotocin intraperitoneally. VSMCs were isolated from the thoracic aortas of the T2D rats. VSMCs proliferation and migration were measured using water soluble tetrazolium salt-1 assay, 5-ethynyl-29-deoxyuridine staining and migration assay. IRAK4 was knocked down by siRNA and inhibited by an IRAK1/4 inhibitor. The mRNAs and proteins of signal molecules and phenotypic markers were detected by qRT-PCR and western blotting. The results demonstrated that LPS significantly increased viability, cell migration rate and amount of DNA in VSMCs. The IRAK4 inhibitor also reduced LPS-mediated protein expression of myosin heavy chain and nuclear factor κB p65 subunit and increased smooth muscle 22α expression. Moreover, IRAK4 knock-down reduced the LPS-mediated expression of mRNAs for myosin heavy chain, nuclear factor κB p65 subunit, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), but increased the mRNA of smooth muscle 22α in VSMCs. The activation of IRAK4 phenotypically modulated VSMCs from differentiation to dedifferentiation. Inactivation of IRAK4 exerts a protective effect on VSMCs differentiation and inhibits inflammation. IRAK4 could therefore be a target for interventions to prevent and treat the initial phase of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Cao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical College84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Defeng Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Dongye Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical College84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, Peoples Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Yanbin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Qiuping Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical College84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Tongda Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Wanling Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, Peoples Republic of China
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Velard F, Schlaubitz S, Fricain JC, Guillaume C, Laurent-Maquin D, Möller-Siegert J, Vidal L, Jallot E, Sayen S, Raissle O, Nedelec JM, Vix-Guterl C, Anselme K, Amédée J, Laquerrière P. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the inflammatory potential of various nanoporous hydroxyapatite biomaterials. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:785-802. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To discriminate the most important physicochemical parameters for bone reconstruction, the inflammatory potential of seven nanoporous hydroxyapatite powders synthesized by hard or soft templating was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Materials & methods: After physical and chemical characterization of the powders, we studied the production of inflammatory mediators by human primary monocytes after 4 and 24 h in contact with powders, and the host response after 2 weeks implantation in a mouse critical size defect model. Results: In vitro results highlighted increases in the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1, -8, -10 and proMMP-2 and -9 and decreases in the secretion of IL-6 only for powders prepared by hard templating. In vivo observations confirmed an extensive inflammatory tissue reaction and a strong resorption for the most inflammatory powder in vitro. Conclusion: These findings highlight that the most critical physicochemical parameters for these nanoporous hydroxyapatite are, the crystallinity that controls dissolution potential, the specific surface area and the size and shape of crystallites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Velard
- EA 4691 Biomatériaux & inflammation en site osseux, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Odontologie, 51 rue Cognacq Jay, 51095 Reims, Cedex, France
| | - Silke Schlaubitz
- INSERM UMR-S1026, Bioingénierie Tissulaire, Université Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, CIC, PTIB Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Avenue du Haut Lévêque, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Fricain
- INSERM UMR-S1026, Bioingénierie Tissulaire, Université Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Christine Guillaume
- EA 4691 Biomatériaux & inflammation en site osseux, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Odontologie, 51 rue Cognacq Jay, 51095 Reims, Cedex, France
| | - Dominique Laurent-Maquin
- EA 4691 Biomatériaux & inflammation en site osseux, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Odontologie, 51 rue Cognacq Jay, 51095 Reims, Cedex, France
| | - Janina Möller-Siegert
- IS2M, CNRS UMR7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, BP 2488, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Loïc Vidal
- IS2M, CNRS UMR7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, BP 2488, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Edouard Jallot
- CNRS/IN2P3, UMR 6533, Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Blaise Pascal, 24 avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubiere Cedex, France
| | - Stéphanie Sayen
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims (ICMR, UMR CNRS 7312), Groupe Chimie de Coordination, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Olivier Raissle
- CNRS, UMR 6296, Clermont Université, ENSCCF, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont- Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Marie Nedelec
- CNRS, UMR 6296, Clermont Université, ENSCCF, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont- Ferrand, France
| | - Cathie Vix-Guterl
- IS2M, CNRS UMR7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, BP 2488, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Karine Anselme
- IS2M, CNRS UMR7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, BP 2488, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Joëlle Amédée
- INSERM UMR-S1026, Bioingénierie Tissulaire, Université Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrice Laquerrière
- CNRS UMR 7178, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, 23 rue de Loess, 67037 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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Interleukin-1 potently contributes to 25-hydroxycholesterol-induced synergistic cytokine production in smooth muscle cell-monocyte interactions. Atherosclerosis 2014; 237:443-52. [PMID: 25463072 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inflammation is essential for atherogenesis. Cholesterol, a cardiovascular risk factor, may activate inflammation in the vessel wall during this process. Cytokine-mediated interactions of human monocytes with vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) may perpetuate this process. METHODS We investigated the capacity of the cholesterol metabolite 25-hydroxycholesterol to induce inflammatory mediators in cocultures of freshly isolated monocytes with SMCs. We determined the role of interleukin-(IL)-1 in this interaction using qPCR, bioassays, ELISA and western blot. Cocultures with SMC to monocyte ratios from 1:4 to 1:20 were tested. RESULTS In separate SMC and monocyte cultures (monocultures) 25-hydroxycholesterol only poorly activated IL-1, IL-6 and MCP-1 production, whereas LPS stimulated much higher cytokine levels than unstimulated cultures. In contrast, cocultures of SMCs and monocytes stimulated with 25-hydroxycholesterol produced hundredfold higher cytokine levels than the corresponding monocultures. Blocking experiments with IL-1-receptor antagonist showed that IL-1 decisively contributed to the 25-hydroxycholesterol-induced synergistic IL-6 and MCP-1 production. The presence of intracellular IL-1β precursor, released mature IL-1β, and caspase-1 p10 indicated that the inflammasome was involved in this process. Determination of IL-1-mRNA in Transwell experiments indicated that the monocytes are the major source of IL-1, which subsequently activates the SMCs, the primary source of IL-6 in the coculture. CONCLUSION Taken together, these interactions between local vessel wall cells and invading monocytes may multiply cholesterol-triggered inflammation in the vessel wall, and IL-1 may play a key role in this process. The data also indicate that lower cholesterol levels than expected from monocultures may suffice to initiate inflammation in the tissue.
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Murine aortic smooth muscle cells acquire, though fail to present exogenous protein antigens on major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:949845. [PMID: 25136640 PMCID: PMC4127268 DOI: 10.1155/2014/949845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In the present study aortic murine smooth muscle cell (SMC) antigen presentation capacity was evaluated using the Eα-GFP/Y-Ae system to visualize antigen uptake through a GFP tag and tracking of Eα peptide/MHCII presentation using the Y-Ae Ab. Stimulation with IFN-γ (100 ng/mL) for 72 h caused a significant (P < 0.01) increase in the percentage of MHC class II positive SMCs, compared with unstimulated cells. Treatment with Eα-GFP (100 μg/mL) for 48 h induced a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the percentage of GFP positive SMCs while it did not affect the percentage of Y-Ae positive cells, being indicative of antigen uptake without its presentation in the context of MHC class II. After IFN-γ-stimulation, ovalbumin- (OVA, 1 mg/mL) or OVA323–339 peptide-(0.5 μg/mL) treated SMCs failed to induce OT-II CD4+ T cell activation/proliferation; this was also accompanied by a lack of expression of key costimulatory molecules (OX40L, CD40, CD70, and CD86) on SMCs. Finally, OVA-treated SMCs failed to induce DO11.10-GFP hybridoma activation, a process independent of costimulation. Our results demonstrate that while murine primary aortic SMCs express MHC class II and can acquire exogenous antigens, they fail to activate T cells through a failure in antigen presentation and a lack of costimulatory molecule expression.
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Mori T, Koyama Y, Maeda N, Nakamura Y, Fujishima Y, Matsuda K, Funahashi T, Shimada S, Shimomura I. Ultrastructural localization of adiponectin protein in vasculature of normal and atherosclerotic mice. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4895. [PMID: 24809933 PMCID: PMC4013939 DOI: 10.1038/srep04895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin, adipose-specific secretory protein, abundantly circulates in bloodstream and its concentration is around 1000-fold higher than that of other cytokines and hormones. Hypoadiponectinemia is a risk factor for atherosclerosis. There is little or no information on ultrastructural localization of adiponectin in the vasculature. Herein we investigated the localization of vascular adiponectin in the aorta using the immunoelectron microscopic technique. In wild-type (WT) mice, adiponectin was mainly detected on the luminal surface membrane of endothelial cells (ECs) and also found intracellularly in the endocytic vesicles of ECs. In the atherosclerotic lesions of apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE-KO) mice, adiponectin was detected in ECs, on the cell surface membrane of synthetic smooth muscle cells, and on the surface of monocytes adherent to ECs. Changes in adiponectin localization within the wall of the aorta may provide novel insight into the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Mori
- 1] Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan 565-0871 [2]
| | - Yoshihisa Koyama
- 1] Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan 565-0871 [2]
| | - Norikazu Maeda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan 565-0871
| | - Yukiko Nakamura
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan 565-0871
| | - Yuya Fujishima
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan 565-0871
| | - Keisuke Matsuda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan 565-0871
| | - Tohru Funahashi
- 1] Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan 565-0871 [2] Department of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan 565-0871
| | - Shoichi Shimada
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan 565-0871
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan 565-0871
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Andrzejczak D, Górska D. The effects of celiprolol on serum concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines in hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive (WKY) rats. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 66:68-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Adult and cord blood endothelial progenitor cells have different gene expression profiles and immunogenic potential. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2013; 12 Suppl 1:s367-74. [PMID: 23867184 DOI: 10.2450/2013.0042-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFC) are endowed with vascular regenerative ability in vivo and in vitro. In this study we compared the genotypic profile and the immunogenic potential of adult and cord blood ECFC, in order to explore the feasibility of using them as a cell therapy product. MATERIALS AND METHODS ECFC were obtained from cord blood samples not suitable for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and from adult healthy blood donors after informed consent. Genotypes were analysed by commercially available microarray assays and results were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. HLA antigen expression was evaluated by flow-cytometry. Immunogenic capacity was investigated by evaluating the activation of allogeneic lymphocytes and monocytes in co-cultures with ECFC. RESULTS Microarray assays revealed that the genetic profile of cord blood and adult ECFC differed in about 20% of examined genes. We found that cord blood ECFC were characterised by lower pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic gene expression as compared to adult ECFC. Furthermore, whereas cord blood and adult ECFCs expressed similar amount of HLA molecules both at baseline and after incubation with γ-interferon, cord blood ECFC elicited a weaker expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes. Finally, we observed no differences in the amount of HLA antigens expressed among cord blood ECFC, adult ECFC and mesenchymal cells. CONCLUSIONS Our observations suggest that cord blood ECFC have a lower pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic profile than adult ECFC. These preliminary data offer level-headed evidence to use cord blood ECFC as a cell therapy product in vascular diseases.
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Zhang X, Kainz V, Zhao J, Strassman AM, Levy D. Vascular extracellular signal-regulated kinase mediates migraine-related sensitization of meningeal nociceptors. Ann Neurol 2013; 73:741-50. [PMID: 23447360 DOI: 10.1002/ana.23873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine changes in the response properties of meningeal nociceptors that might lead to migraine pain and examine endogenous processes that could play a role in mediating them using a clinically relevant model of migraine triggering, namely infusion of the nitric oxide (NO) donor nitroglycerin (NTG). METHODS Single-unit recordings made in the trigeminal ganglion of rats were used to test changes in the activity and mechanosensitivity of meningeal nociceptors in response to administration of the migraine trigger NTG or another NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine (SNAP) at doses relevant to the human model of migraine headache. Immunohistochemistry and pharmacological manipulations were used to investigate the possible role of meningeal vascular signaling in mediating the responses of meningeal nociceptors to NO. RESULTS Infusion of NTG promoted a delayed and robust increase in the mechanosensitivity of meningeal nociceptors, with a time course resembling the development of the delayed migraine headache. A similar sensitization was elicited by dural application of NTG and SNAP. NTG-evoked delayed meningeal nociceptor sensitization was associated with a robust extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation in meningeal arteries. Pharmacological blockade of meningeal ERK phosphorylation inhibited the development of NTG-evoked delayed meningeal nociceptor sensitization. INTERPRETATION The development of delayed mechanical sensitization evoked by the migraine trigger NTG is potentially of great importance as the first finding of a neurophysiological correlate of migraine headache in meningeal nociceptors. The arterial ERK phosphorylation and its involvement in mediating the NTG-evoked delayed sensitization points to an important, yet unappreciated, role of the meningeal vasculature in the genesis of migraine pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiChun Zhang
- Departments of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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LI JIANZHE, WU JIANHUA, YU SHUYI, SHAO QINGRUI, DONG XIAOMIN. Inhibitory effects of paeoniflorin on lysophosphatidylcholine-induced inflammatory factor production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Int J Mol Med 2012; 31:493-7. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Yamagata K, Tanaka N, Matsufuji H, Chino M. β-carotene reverses the IL-1β-mediated reduction in paraoxonase-1 expression via induction of the CaMKKII pathway in human endothelial cells. Microvasc Res 2012; 84:297-305. [PMID: 22750393 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) induces endothelial dysfunction and reduces nitric oxide (NO) production. IL-1β also enhances adhesion molecule expression and induces arteriosclerosis. Conversely, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) induces endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity, and maintains vascular health. Diet-derived β-carotene prevents arteriosclerosis, but its mode of action is not understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the HDL-like mechanisms of β-carotene in endothelial cells. We added IL-1β and/or β-carotene to cultured human endothelial cells and examined its effects on the regulation of HDL signal transduction pathways using RT-PCR, real-time PCR, Western blot (WB), and endothelial-U937 adhesion analysis. IL-1β decreased the expression of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII), eNOS, PON-1, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), PSD-95/Dlg/ZO-1 (PZK1), and liver kinase B1 (LKB1). Conversely, it increased the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1). In contrast, β-carotene increased the expression of CaMKKII, PI3K, PZK1, LKB1, eNOS, PON-1, and reduced the expression of ICAM-1 and MCP-1. β-carotene also induced phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), phospho-eNOS and PON-1 proteins. Importantly, β-carotene upregulated the IL-1β-mediated decrease of CaMKKII, PZK1, LKB1, eNOS and PON-1. β-carotene inhibited IL-1β-mediated cell adhesion of U937 to endothelial cells. The effect of β-carotene was reversed by a CaMKK inhibitor, STO-609. These findings indicate that β-carotene regulates the expression of PON-1, eNOS and adhesion molecules via CaMKK pathway activation. β-carotene may contribute to the functional maintenance of vascular endothelial cells in a manner similar to HDL, protecting them against stimuli such as IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Yamagata
- Department of Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Japan.
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Justewicz DM, Shokes JE, Reavis B, Boyd SA, Burnette TB, Halberstadt CR, Spencer T, Ludlow JW, Bertram TA, Jain D. Characterization of the human smooth muscle cell secretome for regenerative medicine. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2012; 18:797-816. [PMID: 22530582 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2012.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Smooth muscle cells (SMC) play a central role in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of muscle tissue. Little is known about the early in vitro events that guide the assembly of 'bioartificial tissue' (constructs) and recapitulate the key aspects of smooth muscle differentiation and development before surgical implantation. Biomimetic approaches have been proposed that enable the identification of in vitro processes which allow standardized manufacturing, thus improving both product quality and the consistency of patient outcomes. One essential element of this approach is the description of the SMC secretome, that is, the soluble and deposited factors produced within the three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment. In this study, we utilized autologous SMC from multiple tissue types that were expanded ex vivo and generated with a rigorous focus on operational phenotype and genetic stability. The objective of this study was to characterize the spatiotemporal dynamics of the first week of organoid maturation using a well-defined in vitro-like, 3D-engineered scale model of our validated manufacturing process. Functional proteomics was used to identify the topological properties of the networks of interacting proteins that were derived from the SMC secretome, revealing overlapping central nodes related to SMC differentiation and proliferation, actin cytoskeleton regulation, and balanced ECM accumulation. The critical functions defined by the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis included cell signaling, cellular movement and proliferation, and cellular and organismal development. The results confirm the phenotypic and functional similarity of the SMC generated by our platform technology at the molecular level. Furthermore, these data validate the biomimetic approaches that have been established to maintain manufacturing consistency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic M Justewicz
- Department of Bioprocess Research & Development, Tengion, Inc., 3929 Westpoint Blvd., Suite G, Winston-Salem, NC 27103, USA.
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24
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Differential response of arterial and venous endothelial cells to extracellular matrix is modulated by oxygen. Histochem Cell Biol 2012; 137:641-55. [PMID: 22294260 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-012-0917-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Binding of endothelial cell (EC) integrins to extracellular-matrix (ECM) components is one of the key events to trigger intracellular signaling that will ultimately result in proper vascular development. Even within one tissue, the endothelial phenotype differs between arteries and veins. Here, we tested the hypothesis that anchorage dependent processes, such as proliferation, viability, survival and actin organization of venous (VEC) and arterial EC (AEC) differently depend on ECM proteins. Moreover,because of different oxygen tension in AEC and VEC, we tested oxygen as a co-modulator of ECM effects. Primary human placental VEC and AEC were grown in collagens I and IV, fibronectin, laminin, gelatin and uncoated plates and exposed to 12 and 21% oxygen. Our main findings revealed that VEC are more sensitive than AEC to changes in the ECM composition. Proliferation and survival of VEC, in contrast to AEC, were profoundly increased by the presence of collagen I and fibronectin when compared with gelatin or uncoated plates. These effects were reversed by inhibition of focal adhesion kinase (Fak) and modulated by oxygen. VEC were more susceptible to the oxygen dependent ECM effects than AEC. However, no differential ECM effect on actin organization was observed between the two cell types. These data provide first evidence that AEC and VEC from the same vascular loop respond differently to ECM and oxygen in a Fak-dependent manner.
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Kang SW, Kim JL, Kwon GT, Lee YJ, Park JHY, Lim SS, Kang YH. Sensitive Fern (Onoclea sensibilis) Extract Suppresses Proliferation and Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Inflamed by Neighboring Macrophages. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:1717-23. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.1717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jung-Lye Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University
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