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Cao Q, Liu L, Hu Y, Cao S, Tan T, Huang X, Deng Q, Chen J, Guo R, Zhou Q. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound of different intensities differently affects myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by modulating cardiac oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1248056. [PMID: 37744362 PMCID: PMC10513435 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1248056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The prevalence of ischemic heart disease has reached pandemic levels worldwide. Early revascularization is currently the most effective therapy for ischemic heart diseases but paradoxically induces myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Cardiac inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress are primarily involved in the pathology of MI/R injury. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been demonstrated to reduce cell injury by protecting against inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress in many diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, but rarely on MI/R injury. Methods This study was designed to clarify whether LIPUS alleviates MI/R injury by alleviating inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress. Simultaneously, we have also tried to confirm which intensity of the LIPUS might be more suitable to ameliorate the MI/R injury, as well as to clarify the signaling mechanisms. MI/R and simulated ischemia/reperfusion (SI/R) were respectively induced in Sprague Dawley rats and human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs). LIPUS treatment, biochemical measurements, cell death assay, estimation of cardiac oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction, and protein detections by western blotting were performed according to the protocol. Results In our study, both in vivo and in vitro, LIPUS of 0.1 W/cm2 (LIPUS0.1) and 0.5 W/cm2 (LIPUS0.5) make no significant difference in the cardiomyocytes under normoxic condition. Under the hypoxic condition, MI/R injury, inflammatory reaction, and oxidative stress were partially ameliorated by LIPUS0.5 but were significantly aggravated by LIPUS of 2.5 W/cm2 (LIPUS2.5) both in vivo and in vitro. The activation of the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway in cardiomyocytes with MI/R injury was partly rectified LIPUS0.5 both in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion Our study firstly demonstrated that LIPUS of different intensities differently affects MI/R injury by regulating cardiac inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress. Modulations on the ASK1/JNK pathway are the signaling mechanism by which LIPUS0.5 exerts cardioprotective effects. LIPUS0.5 is promising for clinical translation in protecting against MI/R injury. This will be great welfare for patients suffering from MI/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Echo Lab, Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yugang Hu
- Echo Lab, Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Cao
- Echo Lab, Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tuantuan Tan
- Echo Lab, Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Echo Lab, Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Deng
- Echo Lab, Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinling Chen
- Echo Lab, Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruiqiang Guo
- Echo Lab, Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Echo Lab, Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Bez Batti Angulski A, Hosny N, Cohen H, Martin AA, Hahn D, Bauer J, Metzger JM. Duchenne muscular dystrophy: disease mechanism and therapeutic strategies. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1183101. [PMID: 37435300 PMCID: PMC10330733 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1183101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe, progressive, and ultimately fatal disease of skeletal muscle wasting, respiratory insufficiency, and cardiomyopathy. The identification of the dystrophin gene as central to DMD pathogenesis has led to the understanding of the muscle membrane and the proteins involved in membrane stability as the focal point of the disease. The lessons learned from decades of research in human genetics, biochemistry, and physiology have culminated in establishing the myriad functionalities of dystrophin in striated muscle biology. Here, we review the pathophysiological basis of DMD and discuss recent progress toward the development of therapeutic strategies for DMD that are currently close to or are in human clinical trials. The first section of the review focuses on DMD and the mechanisms contributing to membrane instability, inflammation, and fibrosis. The second section discusses therapeutic strategies currently used to treat DMD. This includes a focus on outlining the strengths and limitations of approaches directed at correcting the genetic defect through dystrophin gene replacement, modification, repair, and/or a range of dystrophin-independent approaches. The final section highlights the different therapeutic strategies for DMD currently in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Joseph M. Metzger
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Chu YT, Chen BH, Chen HH, Lee JC, Kuo TJ, Chiu HC, Lu WH. Hypoxia-Induced Kidney Injury in Newborn Rats. TOXICS 2023; 11:260. [PMID: 36977025 PMCID: PMC10053593 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to hypoxia during the early postnatal period can have adverse effects on vital organs. Neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats housed in a hypoxic chamber were compared to those in a normoxic chamber from postnatal days 0 to 7. Arterial blood was collected to evaluate renal function and hypoxia. Kidney morphology and fibrosis were evaluated using staining methods and immunoblotting. In the kidneys of the hypoxic group, protein expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 were higher than those in the normoxic group. Hypoxic rats had higher levels of hematocrit, serum creatinine, and lactate than normoxic rats. Body weight was reduced, and protein loss of kidney tissue was observed in hypoxic rats compared to normoxic rats. Histologically, hypoxic rats showed glomerular atrophy and tubular injury. Renal fibrosis with collagen fiber deposition was observed in the hypoxic group. The expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases was enhanced in the kidneys of hypoxic rats. Proteins involved in apoptosis were upregulated in the kidneys of hypoxic rats. An increase in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was also observed in the kidneys of hypoxic rats. Hypoxic kidney injury in neonatal rats was associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Hau Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 32551, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hung Chen
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Chen Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jiun Kuo
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Chin Chiu
- Department of Pediatrics, Pingtung Veterans General Hospital, Pingtung 91245, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsien Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan
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Cao Y, Luo F, Peng J, Fang Z, Liu Q, Zhou S. KMT2B-dependent RFK transcription activates the TNF-α/NOX2 pathway and enhances ferroptosis caused by myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 173:75-91. [PMID: 36162497 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation such as histone modification is implicated in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI). Lysine-specific methyltransferase 2B (KMT2B) is a histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase. This study aims at exploring the role of KMT2B-mediated histone modification in MIRI. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 30 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 30 healthy volunteers for analyses of the expression levels of KMT2B, riboflavin kinase (RFK), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2). H9C2 cardiomyocytes and Sprague-Dawley rats were utilized for developing in vitro and in vivo models. To evaluate the effects of the aforementioned molecules on cellular damage and MIRI, short hairpin RNAs or overexpression plasmids were introduced into cardiomyocytes for gene silencing or overexpression and also, they were packaged into adenovirus vectors for in vivo interventions. Immunoprecipitation assays were conducted to assess the interactions between KMT2B and RFK and among RFK, NOX2 sub-unit p22phox, and TNF receptor 1-associated death domain protein. KMT2B, RFK, TNF-α, and NOX2 were notably upregulated in AMI patients. KMT2B knockdown resulted in considerably attenuated cell apoptosis and reduced myocardial infarct area. Additionally, the release of pro-inflammatory proteins and ferroptosis were suppressed. Furthermore, KMT2B could promote RFK gene transcription by upregulating H3 methylation levels and consequently activate the TNF-α/NOX2 axis, which was the possible mechanism underlying the role of KMT2B in MIRI. KMT2B motivates MIRI-induced cellular injury and ferroptosis by inducing RFK transcription and mediating the TNF-α/NOX2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China; Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China; Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China.
| | - Fei Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China; Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China; Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Jia Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China; Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China; Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Zhenfei Fang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China; Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China; Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Qiming Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China; Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China; Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Shenghua Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China; Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China; Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
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Han J, Zheng Q, Cheng Y, Liu Y, Bai Y, Yan B, Guo S, Yu J, Li X, Wang C. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) gene deletion-mediated fracture healing in type II diabetic osteoporosis associates with inhibition of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Bioengineered 2022; 13:13689-13702. [PMID: 35707851 PMCID: PMC9275877 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2063663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is characterized by increased fracture risk. Evidence from in vivo studies is lacking for anti-fracture strategies in diabetes. Our microarray analyses predicted association of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) with both diabetes and osteoporosis, which was the focus of this work in a murine model of type II diabetic osteoporosis (T2DOP). A T2DOP model with fracture was established in TLR9 knockout (TLR9−/−) mice, which were then treated with the NF-κB signaling pathway inhibitor (PDTC) and activator (TNF-α). The obtained data suggested that TLR9 knockout augmented regeneration of bone tissues and cartilage area in the callus, and diminished fibrous tissues in T2DOP mice. Moreover, TLR9 depletion significantly affected bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV), connectivity density, trabecular number, trabecular separation and trabecular thickness, thus promoting fracture recovery. Bone morphology and structure were also improved in response to TLR9 depletion in T2DOP mice. TLR9 depletion inactivated NF-κB signaling in T2DOP mice. PDTC was found to enhance fracture healing in T2DOP mice, while TNF-α negated this effect. Collectively, these data indicate that TLR9 depletion may hold anti-fracture properties, making it a potential therapeutic target for T2DOP. Abbreviations: Diabetic osteoporosis (DOP); bone mineral density (BMD); Toll-like receptors (TLRs); type 2 diabetes (T2D); Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9); nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB); streptozotocin (STZ); type 2 diabetic osteoporosis (T2DOP); Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO); Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG); pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC); computed tomography (CT); Hematoxylin–eosin (HE); bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7); analysis of variance (ANOVA);
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakai Han
- Endocrinology Department, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, PR, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- Endocrinology Department, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, PR, China
| | - Yongxia Cheng
- Pathology Diagnosis Center, The HongQi Hospital, The First Clinical Medical School of Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, PR, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Platform Management Division, Scientific Research Division of Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, PR, China
| | - Yuxin Bai
- Pathology Diagnosis Center, The HongQi Hospital, The First Clinical Medical School of Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, PR, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Pathology Diagnosis Center, The HongQi Hospital, The First Clinical Medical School of Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, PR, China
| | - Sufen Guo
- Pathology Diagnosis Center, The HongQi Hospital, The First Clinical Medical School of Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, PR, China
| | - Jianbo Yu
- Pathology Diagnosis Center, The HongQi Hospital, The First Clinical Medical School of Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, PR, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Ultrasound Department, Second Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, PR, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Pathology Diagnosis Center, The HongQi Hospital, The First Clinical Medical School of Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, PR, China
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Caicedo D, Alvarez CV, Perez-Romero S, Devesa J. The Inflammatory Pattern of Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia in Muscles: The TNF-α Hypothesis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020489. [PMID: 35203700 PMCID: PMC8962305 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Vascular inflammation plays a crucial role in peripheral arterial disease (PAD), although the role of the mediators involved has not yet been properly defined. The aim of this work is to investigate gene expression and plasma biomarkers in chronic limb-threating ischemia (CLTI). Methods: Using patients from the GHAS trial, both blood and ischemic muscle samples were obtained to analyze plasma markers and mRNA expression, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed by using univariate (Spearman, t-Student, and X2) and multivariate (multiple logistic regression) tests. Results: A total of 35 patients were available at baseline (29 for mRNA expression). Baseline characteristics (mean): Age: 71.4 ± 12.4 years (79.4% male); TNF-α: 10.7 ± 4.9 pg/mL; hsCRP:1.6 ± 2.2 mg/dL; and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR): 3.5 ± 2.8. Plasma TNF-α was found elevated (≥8.1) in 68.6% of patients, while high hsCRP (≥0.5) was found in 60.5%. Diabetic patients with a high level of inflammation showed significantly higher levels of NOX4 expression at baseline (p = 0.0346). Plasma TNF-α had a negative correlation with NOS3 (eNOS) expression (−0.5, p = 0.015) and plasma hsCRP with VEGFA (−0.63, p = 0.005). The expression of NOX4 was parallel to that of plasma TNF-α (0.305, p = 0.037), especially in DM. Cumulative mortality at 12 months was related to NLR ≥ 3 (p = 0.019) and TNF-α ≥ 8.1 (p = 0.048). The best cutoff point for NLR to predict mortality was 3.4. Conclusions: NOX4 and TNF-α are crucial for the development and complications of lower limb ischemia, especially in DM. hsCRP could have a negative influence on angiogenesis too. NLR and TNF-α represent suitable markers of mortality in CLTI. These results are novel because they connect muscle gene expression and plasma information in patients with advanced PAD, deepening the search for new and accurate targets for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Caicedo
- Angiology and Vascular Surgery Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-981-950-043
| | - Clara V. Alvarez
- Neoplasia & Endocrine Differentiation P0L5, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enferme-dades Crónicas (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15783 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (C.V.A.); (S.P.-R.)
| | - Sihara Perez-Romero
- Neoplasia & Endocrine Differentiation P0L5, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enferme-dades Crónicas (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15783 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (C.V.A.); (S.P.-R.)
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Pyridostigmine ameliorates preeclamptic features in pregnant rats by inhibiting tumour necrosis factor-α synthetsis and antagonizing tumour necrosis factor-α-related effects. J Hypertens 2021; 39:1774-1789. [PMID: 34232157 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy marked by an excessive inflammatory response. The anti-inflammatory effect of pyridostigmine (PYR) was previously reported; however, its role in hypertensive pregnancies remains unclear. We hypothesized that PYR could attenuate increased blood pressure and other pathological features in preeclampsia models. METHODS The expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α was evaluated in normal and preeclampsia pregnant women. PYR (20 mg/kg) was administered daily to reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) and TNF-α (150 ng/day) infused rats from gestation day 14 to GD19. In a cell culture experiment, the effect of acetylcholine (ACh) on TNF-α-stimulated primary human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVEC) was assessed. RESULTS Preeclampsia women had higher placental TNF-α expression than normal pregnant women. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the RUPP group was higher than in the Sham group. PYR inhibited serum and placental acetylcholinesterase activity in rats, and reduced MAP, placental oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation in the RUPP group but not in the Sham group. In addition, PYR significantly attenuated the TNF-α-induced increase in MAP, placental oxidative stress and apoptosis. Moreover, TNF-α decreased cell viability and increased the number of TUNEL-positive nuclei of HUVEC, which could largely be abolished by ACh treatment. CONCLUSION Collectively, PYR ameliorated hypertension and other preeclampsia-like symptoms in rat models of preeclampsia not only by inhibiting the synthesis of TNF-α but also by acting against TNF-α-induced detrimental effects directly, which is worthy of further investigation and may be used as a potential agent for preeclampsia management.
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Zhang F, Wang K, Zhang S, Li J, Fan R, Chen X, Pei J. Accelerated FASTK mRNA degradation induced by oxidative stress is responsible for the destroyed myocardial mitochondrial gene expression and respiratory function in alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Redox Biol 2020; 38:101778. [PMID: 33197770 PMCID: PMC7677712 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcoholism disrupts mitochondrial function and often results in alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM). Fas-activated serine/threonine kinase (FASTK) is newly recognized as a key post-transcriptional regulator of mitochondrial gene expression. However, the modulatory role of FASTK in cardiovascular pathophysiology remains totally unknown. In experimental ACM models, cardiac FASTK expression markedly declined. Ethanol directly suppressed FASTK expression at post-transcriptional level through NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ethanol destabilized FASTK mRNA 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) and accelerated its decay, which was blocked by the clearance of ROS. Regnase-1 (Reg1), a ribonuclease regulating mRNA stability, was induced by ROS in ethanol-stimulated cardiomyocytes. Reg1 directly bound to FASTK mRNA 3'-UTR and promoted its degradation, whereas silencing of Reg1 reversed ethanol-induced FASTK downregulation. Compared to wild type control, alcohol-related myocardial morphological (hypertrophy, fibrosis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis) and functional (reduced ejection fraction and compromised cardiomyocyte contraction) anomalies were worsened in FASTK deficient mice. Mechanistically, FASTK ablation repressed NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 (MTND6, a mitochondrial gene encoding a subunit of complex I) mRNA production and reduced complex I-supported respiration. Importantly, cardiomyocyte-specific upregulation of FASTK through intra-cardiac AAV9-cTNT injection mitigated myocardial mitochondrial dysfunction and restrained ACM progression. In vitro study showed that overexpression of FASTK ameliorated ethanol-induced MTND6 mRNA downregulation, complex I inactivation, and cardiomyocyte death, whereas these beneficial effects were counteracted by rotenone, a complex I inhibitor. Collectively, ROS-accelerated FASTK mRNA degradation via Reg1 underlies chronic ethanol ingestion-associated mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiomyopathy. Restoration of FASTK expression through genetic approaches might be a promising therapeutic strategy for ACM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyang Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medicine School, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Air Force Medical University, China; Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medicine School, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Air Force Medical University, China
| | - Shumiao Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medicine School, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Air Force Medical University, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medicine School, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Air Force Medical University, China
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medicine School, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Air Force Medical University, China
| | - Xiyao Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, China.
| | - Jianming Pei
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medicine School, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Air Force Medical University, China.
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McLaughlin D, Zhao Y, O'Neill KM, Edgar KS, Dunne PD, Kearney AM, Grieve DJ, McDermott BJ. Signalling mechanisms underlying doxorubicin and Nox2 NADPH oxidase-induced cardiomyopathy: involvement of mitofusin-2. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3677-3695. [PMID: 28261787 PMCID: PMC5647180 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The anthracycline doxorubicin (DOX), although successful as a first-line cancer treatment, induces cardiotoxicity linked with increased production of myocardial ROS, with Nox2 NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide reported to play a key role. The aim of this study was to identify novel mechanisms underlying development of cardiac remodelling/dysfunction further to DOX-stimulated Nox2 activation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Nox2-/- and wild-type (WT) littermate mice were administered DOX (12 mg·kg-1 over 3 weeks) prior to study at 4 weeks. Detailed mechanisms were investigated in murine HL-1 cardiomyocytes, employing a robust model of oxidative stress, gene silencing and pharmacological tools. KEY RESULTS DOX-induced cardiac dysfunction, cardiomyocyte remodelling, superoxide production and apoptosis in WT mice were attenuated in Nox2-/- mice. Transcriptional analysis of left ventricular tissue identified 152 differentially regulated genes (using adjusted P < 0.1) in DOX-treated Nox2-/- versus WT mice, and network analysis highlighted 'Cell death and survival' as the biological function most significant to the dataset. The mitochondrial membrane protein, mitofusin-2 (Mfn2), appeared as a strong candidate, with increased expression (1.5-fold), confirmed by qPCR (1.3-fold), matching clear published evidence of promotion of cardiomyocyte cell death. In HL-1 cardiomyocytes, targeted siRNA knockdown of Nox2 decreased Mfn2 protein expression, but not vice versa. While inhibition of Nox2 activity along with DOX treatment attenuated its apoptotic and cytotoxic effects, reduced apoptosis after Mfn2 silencing reflected a sustained cytotoxic response and reduced cell viability. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS DOX-induced and Nox2-mediated up-regulation of Mfn2, rather than contributing to cardiomyocyte dysfunction through apoptotic pathways, appears to promote a protective mechanism. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on New Insights into Cardiotoxicity Caused by Chemotherapeutic Agents. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.21/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan McLaughlin
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome‐Wolfson BuildingQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Youyou Zhao
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome‐Wolfson BuildingQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Karla M O'Neill
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome‐Wolfson BuildingQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Kevin S Edgar
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome‐Wolfson BuildingQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Philip D Dunne
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Anna M Kearney
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome‐Wolfson BuildingQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - David J Grieve
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome‐Wolfson BuildingQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Barbara J McDermott
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome‐Wolfson BuildingQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
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Moris D, Spartalis M, Tzatzaki E, Spartalis E, Karachaliou GS, Triantafyllis AS, Karaolanis GI, Tsilimigras DI, Theocharis S. The role of reactive oxygen species in myocardial redox signaling and regulation. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 5:324. [PMID: 28861421 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.06.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are subcellular messengers in gene regulatory and signal transduction pathways. In pathological situations, ROS accumulate due to excessive production or insufficient degradation, leading to oxidative stress (OS). OS causes oxidation of DNA, membranes, cellular lipids, and proteins, impairing their normal function and leading ultimately to cell death. OS in the heart is increased in response to ischemia/reperfusion, hypertrophy, and heart failure. The concentration of ROS is determined by their rates of production and clearance by antioxidants. Increases in OS in heart failure are primarily a result of the functional uncoupling of the respiratory chain due to inactivation of complex I. However, increased ROS in the failing myocardium may also be caused by impaired antioxidant capacity, such as decreased activity of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) or stimulation of enzymatic sources, including, cyclooxygenase, xanthine oxidase (XO), nitric oxide synthase, and nonphagocytic NAD(P)H oxidases (Noxs). Mitochondria are the main source of ROS during heart failure and aging. Increased production of ROS in the failing heart leads to mitochondrial permeability transition, which results in matrix swelling, outer membrane rupture, a release of apoptotic signaling molecules, and irreversible injury to the mitochondria. Alterations of "redox homeostasis" leads to major cellular consequences, and cellular survival requires an optimal regulation of the redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetrios Moris
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael Spartalis
- Division of Cardiology, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Tzatzaki
- Division of Cardiology, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Spartalis
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia-Sofia Karachaliou
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Georgios I Karaolanis
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
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Yamada T, Steinz MM, Kenne E, Lanner JT. Muscle Weakness in Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Role of Ca 2+ and Free Radical Signaling. EBioMedicine 2017; 23:12-19. [PMID: 28781131 PMCID: PMC5605300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to the primary symptoms arising from inflammatory processes in the joints, muscle weakness is commonly reported by patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Muscle weakness not only reduces the quality of life for the affected patients, but also dramatically increases the burden on society since patients' work ability decreases. A 25–70% reduction in muscular strength has been observed in pateints with RA when compared with age-matched healthy controls. The reduction in muscle strength is often larger than what could be explained by the reduction in muscle size in patients with RA, which indicates that intracellular (intrinsic) muscle dysfunction plays an important role in the underlying mechanism of muscle weakness associated with RA. In this review, we highlight the present understanding of RA-associated muscle weakness with special focus on how enhanced Ca2 + release from the ryanodine receptor and free radicals (reactive oxygen/nitrogen species) contributes to muscle weakness, and recent developments of novel therapeutic interventions. Muscle weakness is commonly reported by patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Intrinsic muscle weakness is important in the underlying mechanisms of muscle weakness associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Enhanced Ca2 + release and peroxynitrite-induced stress contributes to RA-induced muscle weakness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamada
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Maarten M Steinz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ellinor Kenne
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna T Lanner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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12
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Sleem M, Taye A, El-Moselhy MA, Mangoura SA. Combination therapy with losartan and l-carnitine protects against endothelial dysfunction of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 744:10-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Tumor necrosis factor-α-induced nuclear factor-kappaB activation in human cardiomyocytes is mediated by NADPH oxidase. J Physiol Biochem 2014; 70:769-79. [PMID: 25059721 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-014-0345-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An elevated level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is implicated in several cardiovascular diseases including heart failure. Numerous reports have demonstrated that TNF-α activates nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, resulting in the upregulation of several genes that regulate inflammation, proliferation, and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is also activated by TNF-α and plays a crucial role in redox-sensitive signaling pathways. The present study investigated whether NADPH oxidase mediates TNF-α-induced NF-kappaB activation and NF-kappaB-mediated gene expression. Human cardiomyocytes were treated with recombinant TNF-α with or without pretreatment with diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) and apocynin, inhibitors of NADPH oxidase. TNF-α-induced ROS production was measured using 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2', 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assay. TNF-α-induced NF-kappaB activation was also examined using immunoblot; NF-kappaB binding to its binding motif was determined using a Cignal reporter luciferase assay and an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. TNF-α-induced upregulation of interleukin (IL)-1β and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 was investigated using real-time PCR and immunoblot. TNF-α-induced ROS production in cardiomyocytes was mediated by NADPH oxidase. Phosphorylation of IKK-α/β and p65, degradation of IkappaBα, binding of NF-kappaB to its binding motif, and upregulation of IL-1β and VCAM-1 induced by TNF-α were significantly attenuated by treatment with DPI and apocynin. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that NADPH oxidase plays a role in regulation of TNF-α-induced NF-kappaB activation and upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and VCAM-1, in human cardiomyocytes.
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a critical role in vascular disease. While there are many possible sources of ROS, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases play a central role. They are a source of "kindling radicals," which affect other enzymes, such as nitric oxide synthase endothelial nitric oxide synthase or xanthine oxidase. This is important, as risk factors for atherosclerosis (hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking) regulate the expression and activity of NADPH oxidases in the vessel wall. RECENT ADVANCES There are seven isoforms in mammals: Nox1, Nox2, Nox3, Nox4, Nox5, Duox1 and Duox2. Nox1, Nox2, Nox4, and Nox5 are expressed in endothelium, vascular smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, or perivascular adipocytes. Other homologues have not been found or are expressed at very low levels; their roles have not been established. Nox1/Nox2 promote the development of endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and inflammation. Nox4 may have a role in protecting the vasculature during stress; however, when its activity is increased, it may be detrimental. Calcium-dependent Nox5 has been implicated in oxidative damage in human atherosclerosis. CRITICAL ISSUES NADPH oxidase-derived ROS play a role in vascular pathology as well as in the maintenance of normal physiological vascular function. We also discuss recently elucidated mechanisms such as the role of NADPH oxidases in vascular protection, vascular inflammation, pulmonary hypertension, tumor angiogenesis, and central nervous system regulation of vascular function and hypertension. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Understanding the role of individual oxidases and interactions between homologues in vascular disease is critical for efficient pharmacological regulation of vascular NADPH oxidases in both the laboratory and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Konior
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine , Cracow, Poland
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15
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Bollmann F, Wu Z, Oelze M, Siuda D, Xia N, Henke J, Daiber A, Li H, Stumpo DJ, Blackshear PJ, Kleinert H, Pautz A. Endothelial dysfunction in tristetraprolin-deficient mice is not caused by enhanced tumor necrosis factor-α expression. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:15653-65. [PMID: 24727475 PMCID: PMC4140920 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.566984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular events are important co-morbidities in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. Tristetraprolin (TTP) regulates pro-inflammatory processes through mRNA destabilization and therefore TTP-deficient mice (TTP(-/-) mice) develop a chronic inflammation resembling human rheumatoid arthritis. We used this mouse model to evaluate molecular signaling pathways contributing to the enhanced atherosclerotic risk in chronic inflammatory diseases. In the aorta of TTP(-/-) mice we observed elevated mRNA expression of known TTP targets like tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, as well as of other pro-atherosclerotic mediators, like Calgranulin A, Cathepsin S, and Osteopontin. Independent of cholesterol levels TTP(-/-) mice showed a significant reduction of acetylcholine-induced, nitric oxide-mediated vasorelaxation. The endothelial dysfunction in TTP(-/-) mice was associated with increased levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), indicating an enhanced nitric oxide inactivation by RONS in the TTP(-/-) animals. The altered RONS generation correlates with increased expression of NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) resulting from enhanced Nox2 mRNA stability. Although TNF-α is believed to be a central mediator of inflammation-driven atherosclerosis, genetic inactivation of TNF-α neither improved endothelial function nor normalized Nox2 expression or RONS production in TTP(-/-) animals. Systemic inflammation caused by TTP deficiency leads to endothelial dysfunction. This process is independent of cholesterol and not mediated by TNF-α solely. Thus, other mediators, which need to be identified, contribute to enhanced cardiovascular risk in chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Bollmann
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, and
| | | | - Matthias Oelze
- 2nd Medical Clinic, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany and
| | - Daniel Siuda
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, and
| | - Ning Xia
- From the Department of Pharmacology
| | | | - Andreas Daiber
- 2nd Medical Clinic, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany and
| | - Huige Li
- From the Department of Pharmacology
| | - Deborah J Stumpo
- the Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- the Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
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16
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Polyol pathway exacerbated ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury in steatotic liver. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:963629. [PMID: 24967007 PMCID: PMC4055005 DOI: 10.1155/2014/963629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background. The polyol pathway, a bypass pathway of glucose metabolism initiated by aldose reductase (AR), has been shown to play an important role in mediating tissue ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) impairment recently. Here, we investigated how and why this pathway might affect the fatty liver following I/R. Methods. Two opposite models were created: mice with high-fat-diet-induced liver steatosis were treated with aldose reductase inhibition (ARI) and subsequent I/R; and AR-overexpressing L02 hepatocytes were sequentially subjected to steatosis and hypoxia/reoxygenation. We next investigated (a) the hepatic injuries, including liver function, histology, and hepatocytes apoptosis/necrosis; (b) the NAD(P)(H) contents, redox status, and mitochondrial function; and (c) the flux through the caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway. Results. AR-inhibition in vivo markedly attenuated the I/R-induced liver injuries, maintained the homeostasis of NAD(P)(H) contents and redox status, and suppressed the caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway. Correspondingly, AR overexpression in vitro presented the opposite effects. Conclusion. The flux through the polyol pathway may render steatotic liver greater vulnerability to I/R. Interventions targeting this pathway might provide a novel adjunctive approach to protect fatty liver from ischemia.
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Cangemi R, Celestini A, Del Ben M, Pignatelli P, Carnevale R, Proietti M, Calabrese CM, Basili S, Violi F. Role of platelets in NOX2 activation mediated by TNFα in heart failure. Intern Emerg Med 2014; 9:179-85. [PMID: 22843319 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-012-0837-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α may contribute to the deterioration of cardiovascular function in heart failure (HF) through various mechanisms, including the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). NADPH oxidase is the major source of ROS in the vascular system, but the interplay between TNFα and NADPH oxidase activation is elusive. As platelets possess NADPH oxidase enzyme, they represent an important tool to investigate the interplay between NADPH oxidase and TNFα in patients with HF. Serum gp91phox (NOX2), the catalytic core of NADPH oxidase, and serum TNFα were measured in 120 HF patients and in 60 healthy subjects. Compared with healthy subjects, HF patients had higher blood levels of NOX2 and TNFα with a progressive increase from NYHA I to NYHA IV classes. NOX2 levels in blood were independently associated with TNFα in HF patients. An in vitro study, performed on platelets from a subgroup of HF patients, shows that TNFα, at concentrations commonly found in HF patients' peripheral circulation, activates platelet NOX2. Thus, TNFα increases ROS production and the extracellular levels of NOX2. These phenomena are inhibited by the NOX2-specific blocking peptide gp91ds-tat. The study provides evidence that circulating NOX2, as well as the activation of NOX2 on platelets, is increased in HF likely as a consequence of the underlying inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cangemi
- Divisione di I Clinica Medica, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
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18
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Ghigo A, Franco I, Morello F, Hirsch E. Myocyte signalling in leucocyte recruitment to the heart. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 102:270-80. [PMID: 24501328 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial damage, by different noxious causes, triggers an inflammatory reaction driving post-injury repair mechanisms and chronic remodelling processes that are largely detrimental to cardiac function. Cardiomyocytes have recently emerged as key players in orchestrating this inflammatory response. Injured cardiomyocytes release damage-associated molecular pattern molecules, such as high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), DNA fragments, heat shock proteins, and matricellular proteins, which instruct surrounding healthy cadiomyocytes to produce inflammatory mediators. These mediators, mainly interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, macrophage chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), in turn activate versatile signalling networks within surviving cardiomyocytes and trigger leucocyte activation and recruitment. In this review, we will focus on recently characterized signalling pathways activated in cardiomyocytes that mediate inflammatory responses during myocardial infarction, hypertensive heart disease, and myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Ghigo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, Torino, Italy
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QSYQ Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Induced Heart Remodeling Rats through Different Subtypes of NADPH-Oxidase. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:824960. [PMID: 23861715 PMCID: PMC3686095 DOI: 10.1155/2013/824960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We aim to investigate the therapeutic effects of QSYQ, a drug of heart failure (HF) in clinical practice in China, on a rat heart failure (HF) model. 3 groups were divided: HF model group (LAD ligation), QSYQ group (LAD ligation and treated with QSYQ), and sham-operated group. After 4 weeks, rats were sacrificed for cardiac injury measurements. Rats with HF showed obvious histological changes including necrosis and inflammation foci, elevated ventricular remodeling markers levels(matrix metalloproteinases-2, MMP-2), deregulated ejection fraction (EF) value, increased formation of oxidative stress (Malondialdehyde, MDA), and up-regulated levels of apoptotic cells (caspase-3, p53 and tunnel) in myocardial tissue. Treatment of QSYQ improved cardiac remodeling through counter-acting those events. The improvement of QSYQ was accompanied with a restoration of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) pathways in different patterns. Administration of QSYQ could attenuate LAD-induced HF, and AngII-NOX2-ROS-MMPs pathway seemed to be the critical potential targets for QSYQ to reduce the remodeling. Moreover, NOX4 was another key targets to inhibit the p53 and Caspase3, thus to reduce the hypertrophy and apoptosis, and eventually provide a synergetic cardiac protective effect.
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20
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Moe KT, Naylynn TM, Yin NO, Khairunnisa K, Allen JC, Wong MC, Chin-Dusting J, Wong P. Tumor necrosis factor-α induces aortic intima-media thickening via perivascular adipose tissue inflammation. J Vasc Res 2013; 50:228-37. [PMID: 23711955 DOI: 10.1159/000350542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Neointimal thickening results from inflammation in association with vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. We studied the role of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) on VSMC proliferation and intima-media thickening (IMT) in a rodent model of chronic inflammation. METHODS The abdominal aorta and surrounding PVAT of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α-injected mice were examined 28 days after administration. Plasma and PVAT cytokines were measured with Milliplex™ assays. Inflammatory cells were examined with immunofluorescence. Expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and MMP-12 was examined with immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting and zymography. IMT was determined. Cell proliferation and TGF-β1 mRNA levels were examined after treating VSMC with PVAT homogenates ± MMP-2 inhibitors (batimastat, ARP 100 or TIMP-2) and SB-431542, a selective inhibitor of the TGF-β-type 1 receptor. RESULTS Significant increases in CD3, CD68, neutrophils, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and MMP-2 in PVAT, and TGF-β1 and IMT of the aorta of TNF-α-injected mice were observed. PVAT of TNF-α-injected mice significantly up-regulated TGF-β1 and increased cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and was attenuated by SB-431542, batimastat, ARP 100 and TIMP-2. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that chronic PVAT inflammation leads to MMP-mediated increase in TGF-β1 and hence VSMC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyaw Thu Moe
- Research and Development Unit, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore.
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Chen F, Haigh S, Barman S, Fulton DJR. From form to function: the role of Nox4 in the cardiovascular system. Front Physiol 2012; 3:412. [PMID: 23125837 PMCID: PMC3485577 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The NADPH oxidase (Nox) family of proteins is comprised of seven members, including Noxes1–5 and the Duoxes 1 and 2. Nox4 is readily distinguished from the other Nox isoforms by its high level of expression in cardiovascular tissues and unique enzymatic properties. Nox4 is constitutively active and the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributed by Nox4 is primarily regulated at the transcriptional level although there is recent evidence for post-translational control. Nox4 emits a different pattern of ROS and its subcellular localizations, tissue distribution and influence over signaling pathways is different from the other Nox enzymes. Previous investigations have revealed that Nox4 is involved in oxygen sensing, vasomotor control, cellular proliferation, differentiation, migration, apoptosis, senescence, fibrosis, and angiogenesis. Elevated expression of Nox4 has been reported in a number of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, pulmonary fibrosis, and hypertension, cardiac failure and ischemic stroke. However, many important questions remain regarding the functional significance of Nox4 in health and disease, including the role of Nox4 subcellular localization and its downstream targets. The goal of this review is to summarize the recent literature on the genetic and enzymatic regulation, subcellular localization, signaling pathways, and the role of Nox4 in cardiovascular disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Health Sciences University Augusta, GA, USA
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Lassègue B, San Martín A, Griendling KK. Biochemistry, physiology, and pathophysiology of NADPH oxidases in the cardiovascular system. Circ Res 2012; 110:1364-90. [PMID: 22581922 PMCID: PMC3365576 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.243972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 604] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The NADPH oxidase (Nox) enzymes are critical mediators of cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. These proteins are expressed in virtually all cardiovascular cells, and regulate such diverse functions as differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, senescence, inflammatory responses and oxygen sensing. They target a number of important signaling molecules, including kinases, phosphatases, transcription factors, ion channels, and proteins that regulate the cytoskeleton. Nox enzymes have been implicated in many different cardiovascular pathologies: atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling, angiogenesis and collateral formation, stroke, and heart failure. In this review, we discuss in detail the biochemistry of Nox enzymes expressed in the cardiovascular system (Nox1, 2, 4, and 5), their roles in cardiovascular cell biology, and their contributions to disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Lassègue
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Octavia Y, Brunner-La Rocca HP, Moens AL. NADPH oxidase-dependent oxidative stress in the failing heart: From pathogenic roles to therapeutic approach. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:291-7. [PMID: 22080085 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.10.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) occurs when the adaptation mechanisms of the heart fail to compensate for stress factors, such as pressure overload, myocardial infarction, inflammation, diabetes, and cardiotoxic drugs, with subsequent ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis, myocardial dysfunction, and chamber dilatation. Oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the capacity of antioxidant defense systems, has been authenticated as a pivotal player in the cardiopathogenesis of the various HF subtypes. The family of NADPH oxidases has been investigated as a key enzymatic source of ROS in the pathogenesis of HF. In this review, we discuss the importance of NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS generation in the various subtypes of HF and its implications. A better understanding of the pathogenic roles of NADPH oxidases in the failing heart is likely to provide novel therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanti Octavia
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Angiotensin II receptor activation in youth triggers persistent insulin resistance and hypertension--a legacy effect? Hypertens Res 2011; 35:334-40. [PMID: 22129514 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2011.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although the involvement of angiotensin II (Ang II) in insulin resistance and hypertension has been established, the temporal relationships between Ang II receptor activation and changes in insulin sensitivity and blood pressure are not clear. To better understand this issue, we infused rats with Ang II (200 ng kg(-1) min(-1)) or vehicle for 4 weeks and assessed the residual effects after the discontinuation of the infusion on blood pressure, insulin sensitivity and tissue parameters of inflammation. Four weeks after the discontinuation of the Ang II infusion, the blood pressure was higher by 12.8 mm Hg, and insulin sensitivity as determined by a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp was reduced (glucose infusion rate: 11.1±0.7 vs. 17.6±0.5 mg kg(-1) min(-1)) in the Ang II-treated group compared with controls. The persistent hypertension and insulin resistance were associated with greater than two-fold increases in macrophage chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-α and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substrates in the soleus muscle. Furthermore, total and activated forms of Rac-1, a regulatory subunit of the NADPH oxidase complex, were increased by 144±14% and 277±82%, respectively, in the skeletal muscle of Ang II-treated rats. These residual effects after Ang II infusion were all attenuated by the co-administration of tempol, a free radical scavenger, or candesartan with Ang II. The effects of candesartan were not mimicked by hydralazine at an equidepressant dose. These findings suggest that Ang II receptor activation in youth triggers the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines and the production of reactive oxygen species, thereby inducing later insulin resistance and hypertension.
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