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Johannesson M, Söderberg L, Zachrisson O, Fritz N, Kylefjord H, Gkanatsiou E, Button E, Svensson AS, Rachalski A, Nygren P, Osswald G, Lannfelt L, Möller C. Lecanemab demonstrates highly selective binding to Aβ protofibrils isolated from Alzheimer's disease brains. Mol Cell Neurosci 2024; 130:103949. [PMID: 38906341 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2024.103949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in immunotherapeutic approaches to the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have increased the importance of understanding the exact binding preference of each amyloid-beta (Aβ) antibody employed, since this determines both efficacy and risk for potentially serious adverse events known as amyloid-related imaging abnormalities. Lecanemab is a humanized IgG1 antibody that was developed to target the soluble Aβ protofibril conformation. The present study prepared extracts of post mortem brain samples from AD patients and non-demented elderly controls, characterized the forms of Aβ present, and investigated their interactions with lecanemab. Brain tissue samples were homogenized and extracted using tris-buffered saline. Aβ levels and aggregation states in soluble and insoluble extracts, and in fractions prepared using size-exclusion chromatography or density gradient ultracentrifugation, were analyzed using combinations of immunoassay, immunoprecipitation (IP), and mass spectrometry. Lecanemab immunohistochemistry was also conducted in temporal cortex. The majority of temporal cortex Aβ (98 %) was in the insoluble extract. Aβ42 was the most abundant form present, particularly in AD subjects, and most soluble Aβ42 was in soluble aggregated protofibrillar structures. Aβ protofibril levels were much higher in AD subjects than in controls. Protofibrils captured by lecanemab-IP contained high levels of Aβ42 and lecanemab bound to large, medium, and small Aβ42 protofibrils in a concentration-dependent manner. Competitive IP showed that neither Aβ40 monomers nor Aβ40-enriched fibrils isolated from cerebral amyloid angiopathy reduced lecanemab's binding to Aβ42 protofibrils. Immunohistochemistry showed that lecanemab bound readily to Aβ plaques (diffuse and compact) and to intraneuronal Aβ in AD temporal cortex. Taken together, these findings indicate that while lecanemab binds to Aβ plaques, it preferentially targets soluble aggregated Aβ protofibrils. These are largely composed of Aβ42, and lecanemab binds less readily to the Aβ40-enriched fibrils found in the cerebral vasculature. This is a promising binding profile because Aβ42 protofibrils represent a key therapeutic target in AD, while a lack of binding to monomeric Aβ and cerebral amyloid deposits should reduce peripheral antibody sequestration and minimize risk for adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda Söderberg
- BioArctic AB, Warfvinges väg 35, SE-112 51 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Olof Zachrisson
- BioArctic AB, Warfvinges väg 35, SE-112 51 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Fritz
- BioArctic AB, Warfvinges väg 35, SE-112 51 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helen Kylefjord
- BioArctic AB, Warfvinges väg 35, SE-112 51 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Emily Button
- BioArctic AB, Warfvinges väg 35, SE-112 51 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Patrik Nygren
- BioArctic AB, Warfvinges väg 35, SE-112 51 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Osswald
- BioArctic AB, Warfvinges väg 35, SE-112 51 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Lannfelt
- BioArctic AB, Warfvinges väg 35, SE-112 51 Stockholm, Sweden; Dept. of Public Health/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christer Möller
- BioArctic AB, Warfvinges väg 35, SE-112 51 Stockholm, Sweden
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Qian K, Yang P, Li Y, Meng R, Cheng Y, Zhou L, Wu J, Xu S, Bao X, Guo Q, Wang P, Xu M, Sheng D, Zhang Q. Rational fusion design inspired by cell-penetrating peptide: SS31/S-14 G Humanin hybrid peptide with amplified multimodal efficacy and bio-permeability for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Asian J Pharm Sci 2024; 19:100938. [PMID: 39253611 PMCID: PMC11382307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2024.100938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease induced by multiple interconnected mechanisms. Peptide drug candidates with multi-modal efficacy generated from fusion strategy are suitable for addressing multi-facet pathology. However, clinical translation of peptide drugs is greatly hampered by their low permeability into brain. Herein, a hybrid peptide HNSS is generated by merging two therapeutic peptides (SS31 and S-14 G Humanin (HNG)), using a different approach from the classical shuttle-therapeutic peptide conjugate design. HNSS demonstrated increased bio-permeability, with a 2-fold improvement in brain distribution over HNG, thanks to its structure mimicking the design of signal peptide-derived cell-penetrating peptides. HNSS efficiently alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction through the combined effects of mitochondrial targeting, ROS scavenging and p-STAT3 activation. Meanwhile, HNSS with increased Aβ affinity greatly inhibited Aβ oligomerization/fibrillation, and interrupted Aβ interaction with neuron/microglia by reducing neuronal mitochondrial Aβ deposition and promoting microglial phagocytosis of Aβ. In 3× Tg-AD transgenic mice, HNSS treatment efficiently inhibited brain neuron loss and improved the cognitive performance. This work validates the rational fusion design-based strategy for bio-permeability improvement and efficacy amplification, providing a paradigm for developing therapeutic peptide candidates against neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Qian
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yixian Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ran Meng
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yunlong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lingling Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shuting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaoyan Bao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Pengzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Minjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dongyu Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qizhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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Bocheva G, Bakalov D, Iliev P, Tafradjiiska-Hadjiolova R. The Vital Role of Melatonin and Its Metabolites in the Neuroprotection and Retardation of Brain Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5122. [PMID: 38791160 PMCID: PMC11121732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
While primarily produced in the pineal gland, melatonin's influence goes beyond its well-known role in regulating sleep, nighttime metabolism, and circadian rhythms, in the field of chronobiology. A plethora of new data demonstrates melatonin to be a very powerful molecule, being a potent ROS/RNS scavenger with anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, and oncostatic properties. Melatonin and its metabolites exert multiple beneficial effects in cutaneous and systemic aging. This review is focused on the neuroprotective role of melatonin during aging. Melatonin has an anti-aging capacity, retarding the rate of healthy brain aging and the development of age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, etc. Melatonin, as well as its metabolites, N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AFMK) and N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AMK), can reduce oxidative brain damage by shielding mitochondria from dysfunction during the aging process. Melatonin could also be implicated in the treatment of neurodegenerative conditions, by modifying their characteristic low-grade neuroinflammation. It can either prevent the initiation of inflammatory responses or attenuate the ongoing inflammation. Drawing on the current knowledge, this review discusses the potential benefits of melatonin supplementation in preventing and managing cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgeta Bocheva
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dimitar Bakalov
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Petar Iliev
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Rinauro DJ, Chiti F, Vendruscolo M, Limbocker R. Misfolded protein oligomers: mechanisms of formation, cytotoxic effects, and pharmacological approaches against protein misfolding diseases. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:20. [PMID: 38378578 PMCID: PMC10877934 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00651-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The conversion of native peptides and proteins into amyloid aggregates is a hallmark of over 50 human disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Increasing evidence implicates misfolded protein oligomers produced during the amyloid formation process as the primary cytotoxic agents in many of these devastating conditions. In this review, we analyze the processes by which oligomers are formed, their structures, physicochemical properties, population dynamics, and the mechanisms of their cytotoxicity. We then focus on drug discovery strategies that target the formation of oligomers and their ability to disrupt cell physiology and trigger degenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon J Rinauro
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Fabrizio Chiti
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Ryan Limbocker
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, 10996, USA.
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Alber J, Bouwman F, den Haan J, Rissman RA, De Groef L, Koronyo‐Hamaoui M, Lengyel I, Thal DR. Retina pathology as a target for biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease: Current status, ophthalmopathological background, challenges, and future directions. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:728-740. [PMID: 37917365 PMCID: PMC10917008 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
There is emerging evidence that amyloid beta protein (Aβ) and tau-related lesions in the retina are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ and hyperphosphorylated (p)-tau deposits have been described in the retina and were associated with small amyloid spots visualized by in vivo imaging techniques as well as degeneration of the retina. These changes correlate with brain amyloid deposition as determined by histological quantification, positron emission tomography (PET) or clinical diagnosis of AD. However, the literature is not coherent on these histopathological and in vivo imaging findings. One important reason for this is the variability in the methods and the interpretation of findings across different studies. In this perspective, we indicate the critical methodological deviations among different groups and suggest a roadmap moving forward on how to harmonize (i) histopathologic examination of retinal tissue; (ii) in vivo imaging among different methods, devices, and interpretation algorithms; and (iii) inclusion/exclusion criteria for studies aiming at retinal biomarker validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Alber
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonRhode IslandUSA
- Butler Hospital Memory & Aging ProgramProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - Femke Bouwman
- Amsterdam UMC, location VUmcAlzheimer Center, Department of NeurologyAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jurre den Haan
- Amsterdam UMC, location VUmcAlzheimer Center, Department of NeurologyAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Robert A. Rissman
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research InstituteKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lies De Groef
- Cellular Communication and Neurodegeneration Research Group, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Division, Department of BiologyLeuven Brain InstituteKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Maya Koronyo‐Hamaoui
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Neurology, and Biomedical SciencesMaxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research Institute, Cedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Imre Lengyel
- The Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical ScienceQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Dietmar Rudolf Thal
- Laboratory of NeuropathologyDepartment of Imaging and Pathology, and Leuven Brain Institute, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Department of PathologyUZ LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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Upadhyay A, Chhangani D, Rao NR, Kofler J, Vassar R, Rincon-Limas DE, Savas JN. Amyloid fibril proteomics of AD brains reveals modifiers of aggregation and toxicity. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:61. [PMID: 37710351 PMCID: PMC10503190 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00654-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides in fibrils is prerequisite for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our understanding of the proteins that promote Aβ fibril formation and mediate neurotoxicity has been limited due to technical challenges in isolating pure amyloid fibrils from brain extracts. METHODS To investigate how amyloid fibrils form and cause neurotoxicity in AD brain, we developed a robust biochemical strategy. We benchmarked the success of our purifications using electron microscopy, amyloid dyes, and a large panel of Aβ immunoassays. Tandem mass-spectrometry based proteomic analysis workflows provided quantitative measures of the amyloid fibril proteome. These methods allowed us to compare amyloid fibril composition from human AD brains, three amyloid mouse models, transgenic Aβ42 flies, and Aβ42 seeded cultured neurons. RESULTS Amyloid fibrils are primarily composed by Aβ42 and unexpectedly harbor Aβ38 but generally lack Aβ40 peptides. Multidimensional quantitative proteomics allowed us to redefine the fibril proteome by identifying 20 new amyloid-associated proteins. Notably, we confirmed 57 previously reported plaque-associated proteins. We validated a panel of these proteins as bona fide amyloid-interacting proteins using antibodies and orthogonal proteomic analysis. One metal-binding chaperone metallothionein-3 is tightly associated with amyloid fibrils and modulates fibril formation in vitro. Lastly, we used a transgenic Aβ42 fly model to test if knock down or over-expression of fibril-interacting gene homologues modifies neurotoxicity. Here, we could functionally validate 20 genes as modifiers of Aβ42 toxicity in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These discoveries and subsequent confirmation indicate that fibril-associated proteins play a key role in amyloid formation and AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Upadhyay
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Deepak Chhangani
- Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain Institute, and Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Nalini R Rao
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Julia Kofler
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Robert Vassar
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Diego E Rincon-Limas
- Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain Institute, and Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Savas
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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Arar S, Haque MA, Kayed R. Protein aggregation and neurodegenerative disease: Structural outlook for the novel therapeutics. Proteins 2023:10.1002/prot.26561. [PMID: 37530227 PMCID: PMC10834863 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Before the controversial approval of humanized monoclonal antibody lecanemab, which binds to the soluble amyloid-β protofibrils, all the treatments available earlier, for Alzheimer's disease (AD) were symptomatic. The researchers are still struggling to find a breakthrough in AD therapeutic medicine, which is partially attributable to lack in understanding of the structural information associated with the intrinsically disordered proteins and amyloids. One of the major challenges in this area of research is to understand the structural diversity of intrinsically disordered proteins under in vitro conditions. Therefore, in this review, we have summarized the in vitro applications of biophysical methods, which are aimed to shed some light on the heterogeneity, pathogenicity, structures and mechanisms of the intrinsically disordered protein aggregates associated with proteinopathies including AD. This review will also rationalize some of the strategies in modulating disease-relevant pathogenic protein entities by small molecules using structural biology approaches and biophysical characterization. We have also highlighted tools and techniques to simulate the in vivo conditions for native and cytotoxic tau/amyloids assemblies, urge new chemical approaches to replicate tau/amyloids assemblies similar to those in vivo conditions, in addition to designing novel potential drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif Arar
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Md Anzarul Haque
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
| | - Rakez Kayed
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555, USA
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Guo C, Wang T, Zhang D, Ge X, Li J. Plasminogen decreases Aβ42 and Tau deposition, and shows multi-beneficial effects on Alzheimer's disease in mice and humans. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 654:102-111. [PMID: 36905760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder in the world. The aggregation of both amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides extracellularly and Tau proteins intracellularly plays key roles in the pathological consequences of AD, which lead to cholinergic neurodegeneration and eventually death. Currently, there are no effective methods to stop the progression of AD. Using ex vivo, in vivo and clinical approaches, we investigated the functional effects of plasminogen on the widely used FAD, Aβ42 oligomer or Tau intracranial injection-induced AD mouse model and explored its therapeutic effects on patients with AD. The results show that intravenously injected plasminogen rapidly crosses the blood‒brain barrier (BBB); increases plasmin activity in the brain; colocalizes with and effectively promotes the clearance of Aβ42 peptide and Tau protein deposits ex vivo and in vivo; increases the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) level and decreases the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity; and improves the memory functions. Clinically, when GMP-level plasminogen was administered to 6 AD patients for 1-2 weeks, their average scores on the Minimum Mental State Examination (MMSE), which is a standard scoring system used to measure the memory loss and cognitive deficits, were extremely significantly improved by 4.2 ± 2.23 points, e.g., an average increase from 15.5 ± 8.22 before treatment to 19.7 ± 7.09 after treatment. The preclinical study and pilot clinical study suggest that plasminogen is effective in treating AD and may be a promising drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Guo
- Department of Applied Research, Talengen Institute of Life Sciences, Shenzhen, PR China; Department of Applied Research, Ruijian Xingze Biomedical Co. Ltd, Dongguan, PR China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Applied Research, Talengen Institute of Life Sciences, Shenzhen, PR China; Department of Applied Research, Ruijian Xingze Biomedical Co. Ltd, Dongguan, PR China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Beijing Chang'an Chinese and Western Integrated Medicine Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Ge
- Department of Applied Research, Talengen Institute of Life Sciences, Shenzhen, PR China; Department of Applied Research, Ruijian Xingze Biomedical Co. Ltd, Dongguan, PR China
| | - Jinan Li
- Department of Applied Research, Talengen Institute of Life Sciences, Shenzhen, PR China; Department of Applied Research, Ruijian Xingze Biomedical Co. Ltd, Dongguan, PR China.
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Muschol M, Hoyer W. Amyloid oligomers as on-pathway precursors or off-pathway competitors of fibrils. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1120416. [PMID: 36845541 PMCID: PMC9947291 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1120416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid Diseases involve the growth of disease specific proteins into amyloid fibrils and their deposition in protein plaques. Amyloid fibril formation is typically preceded by oligomeric intermediates. Despite significant efforts, the specific role fibrils or oligomers play in the etiology of any given amyloid disease remains controversial. In neurodegenerative disease, though, amyloid oligomers are widely considered critical contributors to disease symptoms. Aside from oligomers as inevitable on-pathway precursors of fibril formation, there is significant evidence for off-pathway oligomer formation competing with fibril growth. The distinct mechanisms and pathways of oligomer formation directly affect our understanding under which conditions oligomers emerge in vivo, and whether their formation is directly coupled to, or distinct from, amyloid fibril formation. In this review, we will discuss the basic energy landscapes underlying the formation of on-pathway vs. off-pathway oligomers, their relation to the related amyloid aggregation kinetics, and their resulting implications for disease etiology. We will review evidence on how differences in the local environment of amyloid assembly can dramatically shift the relative preponderance of oligomers vs. fibrils. Finally, we will comment on gaps in our knowledge of oligomer assembly, of their structure, and on how to assess their relevance to disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Muschol
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States,*Correspondence: Martin Muschol, ; Wolfgang Hoyer,
| | - Wolfgang Hoyer
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany,Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7) and JuStruct, Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany,*Correspondence: Martin Muschol, ; Wolfgang Hoyer,
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Kass B, Schemmert S, Zafiu C, Pils M, Bannach O, Kutzsche J, Bujnicki T, Willbold D. Aβ oligomer concentration in mouse and human brain and its drug-induced reduction ex vivo. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100630. [PMID: 35584626 PMCID: PMC9133466 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The elimination of amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomers is a promising strategy for therapeutic drug development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD mouse models that develop Aβ pathology have been used to demonstrate in vivo efficacy of compounds that later failed in clinical development. Here, we analyze the concentration and size distribution of Aβ oligomers in different transgenic mouse models of AD and in human brain samples by surface-based fluorescence intensity distribution analysis (sFIDA), a highly sensitive method for detecting and quantitating protein aggregates. We demonstrate dose- and time-dependent oligomer elimination by the compound RD2 in mouse and human AD brain homogenates as sources of native Aβ oligomers. Such ex vivo target engagement analyses with mouse- and human-brain-derived oligomers have the potential to enhance the translational value from pre-clinical proof-of-concept studies to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Kass
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Sarah Schemmert
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Christian Zafiu
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany; attyloid GmbH, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Marlene Pils
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany; Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany; attyloid GmbH, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Oliver Bannach
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany; Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany; attyloid GmbH, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Janine Kutzsche
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Tuyen Bujnicki
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Dieter Willbold
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52428, Germany; Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany; attyloid GmbH, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany; Priavoid GmbH, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany.
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11
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Madhu P, Mukhopadhyay S. Distinct types of amyloid-β oligomers displaying diverse neurotoxicity mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:1594-1608. [PMID: 34494298 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Soluble oligomers of amyloid-β (Aβ) are recognized as key pernicious species in Alzheimer's disease (AD) that cause synaptic dysfunction and memory impairments. Numerous studies have identified various types of Aβ oligomers having heterogeneous peptide length, size distribution, structure, appearance, and toxicity. Here, we review the characteristics of soluble Aβ oligomers based on their morphology, size, and structural reactivity toward the conformation-specific antibodies and then describe their formation, localization, and cellular effects in AD brains, in vivo and in vitro. We also summarize the mechanistic pathways by which these soluble Aβ oligomers cause proteasomal impairment, calcium dyshomeostasis, inhibition of long-term potentiation, apoptosis, mitochondrial damage, and cognitive decline. These cellular events include three distinct molecular mechanisms: (i) high-affinity binding with the receptors for Aβ oligomers such as N-methyl- d-aspartate receptors, cellular prion protein, nerve growth factor, insulin receptors, and frizzled receptors; (ii) the interaction of Aβ oligomers with the lipid membranes; (iii) intraneuronal accumulation of Aβ by α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, apolipoprotein E, and receptor for advanced glycation end products. These studies indicate that there is a pressing need to carefully examine the role of size, appearance, and the conformation of oligomers in identifying the specific mechanism of neurotoxicity that may uncover potential targets for designing AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Madhu
- Centre for Protein Science, Design and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, India.,Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, India
| | - Samrat Mukhopadhyay
- Centre for Protein Science, Design and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, India.,Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, India.,Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, India
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12
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Limegrover CS, LeVine H, Izzo NJ, Yurko R, Mozzoni K, Rehak C, Sadlek K, Safferstein H, Catalano SM. Alzheimer's protection effect of A673T mutation may be driven by lower Aβ oligomer binding affinity. J Neurochem 2021; 157:1316-1330. [PMID: 33025581 PMCID: PMC8246829 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Several mutations conferring protection against Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been described, none as profound as the A673T mutation, where carriers are four times less likely to get AD compared to noncarriers. This mutation results in reduced amyloid beta (Aβ) protein production in vitro and lower lifetime Aβ concentration in carriers. Better understanding of the protective mechanisms of the mutation may provide important insights into AD pathophysiology and identify productive therapeutic intervention strategies for disease modification. Aβ(1-42) protein forms oligomers that bind saturably to a single receptor site on neuronal synapses, initiating the downstream toxicities observed in AD. Decreased formation, toxicity, or stability of soluble Aβ oligomers, or reduction of synaptic binding of these oligomers, may combine with overall lower Aβ concentration to underlie A673T's disease protecting mechanism. To investigate these possibilities, we compared the formation rate of soluble oligomers made from Icelandic A673T mutant and wild type (wt) Aβ(1-42) synthetic protein, the amount and intensity of oligomer bound to mature primary rat hippocampal/cortical neuronal synapses, and the potency of bound oligomers to impact trafficking rate in neurons in vitro using a physiologically relevant oligomer preparation method. At equal protein concentrations, mutant protein forms approximately 50% or fewer oligomers of high molecular weight (>50 kDa) compared to wt protein. Mutant oligomers are twice as potent at altering the cellular vesicle trafficking rate as wt at equivalent concentrations, however, mutant oligomers have a >4-fold lower binding affinity to synaptic receptors (Kd = 1,950 vs. 442 nM). The net effect of these differences is a lower overall toxicity at a given concentration. This study demonstrates for the first time that mutant A673T Aβ oligomers prepared with this method have fundamentally different assembly characteristics and biological impact from wt protein and indicates that its disease protecting mechanism may result primarily from the mutant protein's much lower binding affinity to synaptic receptors. This suggests that therapeutics that effectively reduce oligomer binding to synapses in the brain may be beneficial in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harry LeVine
- Sanders‐Brown Center on AgingUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
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13
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Vosough F, Barth A. Characterization of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Amyloid-β42 Oligomer Preparations with Biochemical Methods and Infrared Spectroscopy Reveals a Correlation between Infrared Spectrum and Oligomer Size. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:473-488. [PMID: 33455165 PMCID: PMC8023574 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
Soluble oligomers of the amyloid-β(1-42)
(Aβ42) peptide,
widely considered to be among the relevant neurotoxic species involved
in Alzheimer’s disease, were characterized with a combination
of biochemical and biophysical methods. Homogeneous and stable Aβ42
oligomers were prepared by treating monomeric solutions of the peptide
with detergents. The prepared oligomeric solutions were analyzed with
blue native and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,
as well as with infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The IR spectra indicated
a well-defined β-sheet structure of the prepared oligomers.
We also found a relationship between the size/molecular weight of
the Aβ42 oligomers and their IR spectra: The position of the
main amide I′ band of the peptide backbone correlated with
oligomer size, with larger oligomers being associated with lower wavenumbers.
This relationship explained the time-dependent band shift observed
in time-resolved IR studies of Aβ42 aggregation in the absence
of detergents, during which the oligomer size increased. In addition,
the bandwidth of the main IR band in the amide I′ region was
found to become narrower with time in our time-resolved aggregation
experiments, indicating a more homogeneous absorption of the β-sheets
of the oligomers after several hours of aggregation. This is predominantly
due to the consumption of smaller oligomers in the aggregation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Vosough
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Andreas Barth
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
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14
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Romani M, Sorrentino V, Oh CM, Li H, de Lima TI, Zhang H, Shong M, Auwerx J. NAD + boosting reduces age-associated amyloidosis and restores mitochondrial homeostasis in muscle. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108660. [PMID: 33472069 PMCID: PMC7816122 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by loss of proteostasis and mitochondrial homeostasis. Here, we provide bioinformatic evidence of dysregulation of mitochondrial and proteostasis pathways in muscle aging and diseases. Moreover, we show accumulation of amyloid-like deposits and mitochondrial dysfunction during natural aging in the body wall muscle of C. elegans, in human primary myotubes, and in mouse skeletal muscle, partially phenocopying inclusion body myositis (IBM). Importantly, NAD+ homeostasis is critical to control age-associated muscle amyloidosis. Treatment of either aged N2 worms, a nematode model of amyloid-beta muscle proteotoxicity, human aged myotubes, or old mice with the NAD+ boosters nicotinamide riboside (NR) and olaparib (AZD) increases mitochondrial function and muscle homeostasis while attenuating amyloid accumulation. Hence, our data reveal that age-related amyloidosis is a contributing factor to mitochondrial dysfunction and that both are features of the aging muscle that can be ameliorated by NAD+ metabolism-enhancing approaches, warranting further clinical studies. Amyloidosis and mitochondrial dysfunction typify muscle aging and disease across species NAD+ homeostasis is required to maintain proteostasis in nematodes and mammalian cells Reducing age-associated amyloidosis improves healthspan and mitochondrial function Late-life NAD+ boosting reduces amyloidosis and mitochondrial dysfunction during aging
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Romani
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincenzo Sorrentino
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chang-Myung Oh
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine CHA University, Seongnam 13497, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, South Korea
| | - Hao Li
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tanes Imamura de Lima
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Minho Shong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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15
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Tangrodchanapong T, Sobhon P, Meemon K. Frondoside A Attenuates Amyloid-β Proteotoxicity in Transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans by Suppressing Its Formation. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:553579. [PMID: 33013392 PMCID: PMC7513805 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.553579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligomeric assembly of Amyloid-β (Aβ) is the main toxic species that contribute to early cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s patients. Therefore, drugs that reduce the formation of Aβ oligomers could halt the disease progression. In this study, by using transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans model of Alzheimer’s disease, we investigated the effects of frondoside A, a well-known sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa saponin with anti-cancer activity, on Aβ aggregation and proteotoxicity. The results showed that frondoside A at a low concentration of 1 µM significantly delayed the worm paralysis caused by Aβ aggregation as compared with control group. In addition, the number of Aβ plaque deposits in transgenic worm tissues was significantly decreased. Frondoside A was more effective in these activities than ginsenoside-Rg3, a comparable ginseng saponin. Immunoblot analysis revealed that the level of small oligomers as well as various high molecular weights of Aβ species in the transgenic C. elegans were significantly reduced upon treatment with frondoside A, whereas the level of Aβ monomers was not altered. This suggested that frondoside A may primarily reduce the level of small oligomeric forms, the most toxic species of Aβ. Frondoside A also protected the worms from oxidative stress and rescued chemotaxis dysfunction in a transgenic strain whose neurons express Aβ. Taken together, these data suggested that low dose of frondoside A could protect against Aβ-induced toxicity by primarily suppressing the formation of Aβ oligomers. Thus, the molecular mechanism of how frondoside A exerts its anti-Aβ aggregation should be studied and elucidated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prasert Sobhon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Krai Meemon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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16
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Ke PC, Zhou R, Serpell LC, Riek R, Knowles TPJ, Lashuel HA, Gazit E, Hamley IW, Davis TP, Fändrich M, Otzen DE, Chapman MR, Dobson CM, Eisenberg DS, Mezzenga R. Half a century of amyloids: past, present and future. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5473-5509. [PMID: 32632432 PMCID: PMC7445747 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00199a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid diseases are global epidemics with profound health, social and economic implications and yet remain without a cure. This dire situation calls for research into the origin and pathological manifestations of amyloidosis to stimulate continued development of new therapeutics. In basic science and engineering, the cross-β architecture has been a constant thread underlying the structural characteristics of pathological and functional amyloids, and realizing that amyloid structures can be both pathological and functional in nature has fuelled innovations in artificial amyloids, whose use today ranges from water purification to 3D printing. At the conclusion of a half century since Eanes and Glenner's seminal study of amyloids in humans, this review commemorates the occasion by documenting the major milestones in amyloid research to date, from the perspectives of structural biology, biophysics, medicine, microbiology, engineering and nanotechnology. We also discuss new challenges and opportunities to drive this interdisciplinary field moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Chun Ke
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 111 Yixueyuan Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruhong Zhou
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Louise C. Serpell
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, East Sussex BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Roland Riek
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tuomas P. J. Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hilal A. Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Neuroproteomics, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ehud Gazit
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ian W. Hamley
- School of Chemistry, Food Biosciences and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, UK
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Marcus Fändrich
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Erik Otzen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Matthew R. Chapman
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Centre for Microbial Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA
| | - Christopher M. Dobson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - David S. Eisenberg
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biological Chemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- Department of Health Science & Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, LFO, E23, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang Pauli Strasse 10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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17
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Del Carmen SLM, Laura GV, Leonardo OL, Bernabé RRG, Antonio MRM. Aβ40 Oligomers Promote Survival and Early Neuronal Differentiation of Dentate Gyrus-Isolated Precursor Cells Through Activation of the Akt Signaling Pathway. Neurotox Res 2020; 38:611-625. [PMID: 32623694 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00253-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid beta-peptide (Aβ) is the low-abundance product of amyloid precursor protein (APP), which is produced lifelong in the healthy brain. The functional properties of Aβ40 and Aβ42 peptides have not been completely elucidated to date. Although, several studies suggest that these peptides have a number of neurotrophic and neurotoxic properties, respectively. Interestingly, low concentrations of Aβ40 and Aβ42 regulate synaptic plasticity and improve cognitive functions, whereas the accumulation of Aβ42, coupled with the effects of age, can cause dysregulation of synaptic function, as is shown in Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, several studies suggest that both peptides, Aβ40 and Aβ42, are involved in neurogenic processes; however, these results are still controversial. Moreover, existing data indicate a direct relationship between the physicochemical characteristics of the peptides and their effects. Herein, we evaluated the effect of Aβ40 oligomers on hippocampal precursor cells isolated from the dentate gyrus of adult female C57Bl6 mice (mADGPCs). To this end, mADGPCs were treated with nanomolar and micromolar range concentrations of oligomeric forms of Aβ40 for 24, 48, and 72 h to evaluate their effects on several events in the neurogenic process in vitro, including viability, proliferation, and early differentiation. The results indicate that Aβ40 favors mADGPC proliferation, survival, and neuronal differentiation following a mechanism that involves activation of the Akt signaling pathway. Thus, this study provides evidence about the positive effects of Aβ40 oligomers on the neurogenic process in adult mouse hippocampal precursor cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silva-Lucero María Del Carmen
- Laboratory of Neurogenesis, Division of Clinical Investigations, National Institute of Psychiatry "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, 14370, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gómez-Virgilio Laura
- Laboratory of Neurogenesis, Division of Clinical Investigations, National Institute of Psychiatry "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, 14370, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ortíz-López Leonardo
- Laboratory of Neurogenesis, Division of Clinical Investigations, National Institute of Psychiatry "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, 14370, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ramírez-Rodríguez Gerardo Bernabé
- Laboratory of Neurogenesis, Division of Clinical Investigations, National Institute of Psychiatry "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, 14370, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Meraz-Ríos Marco Antonio
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico.
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18
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Adhikari R, Yang M, Saikia N, Dutta C, Alharbi WFA, Shan Z, Pandey R, Tiwari A. Acetylation of Aβ42 at Lysine 16 Disrupts Amyloid Formation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1178-1191. [PMID: 32207962 PMCID: PMC7605495 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The residue lysine 28 (K28) is known to form an important salt bridge that stabilizes the Aβ amyloid structure, and acetylation of lysine 28 (K28Ac) slows the Aβ42 fibrillization rate but does not affect fibril morphology. On the other hand, acetylation of lysine 16 (K16Ac) residue greatly diminishes the fibrillization property of Aβ42 peptide and also affects its toxicity. This is due to the fact that lysine 16 acetylated amyloid beta peptide forms amorphous aggregates instead of amyloid fibrils. This is likely a result of increased hydrophobicity of the K16-A21 region due to K16 acetylation, as confirmed by molecular dynamic simulation studies. The calculated results show that the hydrophobic patches of aggregates from acetylated peptides were different when compared to wild-type (WT) peptide. K16Ac and double acetylated (KKAc) peptide aggregates show significantly higher cytotoxicity compared to the WT or K28Ac peptide aggregates alone. However, the heterogeneous mixture of WT and acetylated Aβ42 peptide aggregates exhibited higher free radical formation as well as cytotoxicity, suggesting dynamic interactions between different species could be a critical contributor to Aβ pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Mu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Nabanita Saikia
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Colina Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Wafa F A Alharbi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Zhiying Shan
- Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Ravindra Pandey
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Ashutosh Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
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19
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Gomes LA, Hipp SA, Rijal Upadhaya A, Balakrishnan K, Ospitalieri S, Koper MJ, Largo-Barrientos P, Uytterhoeven V, Reichwald J, Rabe S, Vandenberghe R, von Arnim CAF, Tousseyn T, Feederle R, Giudici C, Willem M, Staufenbiel M, Thal DR. Aβ-induced acceleration of Alzheimer-related τ-pathology spreading and its association with prion protein. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 138:913-941. [PMID: 31414210 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-02053-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular deposition of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) in amyloid plaques and intracellular accumulation of abnormally phosphorylated τ-protein (p-τ) in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) represent pathological hallmark lesions of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Both lesions develop in parallel in the human brain throughout the preclinical and clinical course of AD. Nevertheless, it is not yet clear whether there is a direct link between Aβ and τ pathology or whether other proteins are involved in this process. To address this question, we crossed amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice overexpressing human APP with the Swedish mutation (670/671 KM → NL) (APP23), human wild-type APP (APP51/16), or a proenkephalin signal peptide linked to human Aβ42 (APP48) with τ-transgenic mice overexpressing human mutant 4-repeat τ-protein with the P301S mutation (TAU58). In 6-month-old APP23xTAU58 and APP51/16xTAU58 mice, soluble Aβ was associated with the aggravation of p-τ pathology propagation into the CA1/subiculum region, whereas 6-month-old TAU58 and APP48xTAU58 mice neither exhibited significant amounts of p-τ pathology in the CA1/subiculum region nor displayed significant levels of soluble Aβ in the forebrain. In APP23xTAU58 and APP51/16xTAU58 mice showing an acceleration of p-τ propagation, Aβ and p-τ were co-immunoprecipitated with cellular prion protein (PrPC). A similar interaction between PrPC, p-τ and Aβ was observed in human AD brains. This association was particularly noticed in 60% of the symptomatic AD cases in our sample, suggesting that PrPC may play a role in the progression of AD pathology. An in vitro pull-down assay confirmed that PrPC is capable of interacting with Aβ and p-τ. Using a proximity ligation assay, we could demonstrate proximity (less than ~ 30-40 nm distance) between PrPC and Aβ and between PrPC and p-τ in APP23xTAU58 mouse brain as well as in human AD brain. Proximity between PrPC and p-τ was also seen in APP51/16xTAU58, APP48xTAU58, and TAU58 mice. Based on these findings, it is tempting to speculate that PrPC is a critical player in the interplay between Aβ and p-τ propagation at least in a large group of AD cases. Preexisting p-τ pathology interacting with PrPC, thereby, appears to be a prerequisite for Aβ to function as a p-τ pathology accelerator via PrPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Aragão Gomes
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU-Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU-Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Silvia Andrea Hipp
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Anasthesiology and Intensive Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ajeet Rijal Upadhaya
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karthikeyan Balakrishnan
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Simona Ospitalieri
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU-Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU-Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marta J Koper
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU-Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU-Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
- VIB, Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pablo Largo-Barrientos
- VIB, Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU-Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valerie Uytterhoeven
- VIB, Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU-Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julia Reichwald
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Sciences, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Rabe
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Sciences, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU-Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Experimental Neurology Group, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, UZ-Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine A F von Arnim
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Clinic for Neurogeriatrics and Neurological Rehabilitation, University- und Rehabilitation Hospital Ulm (RKU), Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Regina Feederle
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Monoclonal Antibody Research Group, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Camilla Giudici
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Willem
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Dietmar Rudolf Thal
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU-Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU-Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
- Department of Pathology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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20
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Thal DR, Ronisz A, Tousseyn T, Rijal Upadhaya A, Balakrishnan K, Vandenberghe R, Vandenbulcke M, von Arnim CAF, Otto M, Beach TG, Lilja J, Heurling K, Chakrabarty A, Ismail A, Buckley C, Smith APL, Kumar S, Farrar G, Walter J. Different aspects of Alzheimer's disease-related amyloid β-peptide pathology and their relationship to amyloid positron emission tomography imaging and dementia. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:178. [PMID: 31727169 PMCID: PMC6854805 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0837-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) pathology in the form of amyloid plaques and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) spreads in its topographical distribution, increases in quantity, and undergoes qualitative changes in its composition of modified Aβ species throughout the pathogenesis of AD. It is not clear which of these aspects of Aβ pathology contribute to AD progression and to what extent amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) reflects each of these aspects. To address these questions three cohorts of human autopsy cases (in total n = 271) were neuropathologically and biochemically examined for the topographical distribution of Aβ pathology (plaques and CAA), its quantity and its composition. These parameters were compared with neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) and neuritic plaque pathology, the degree of dementia and the results from [18F]flutemetamol amyloid PET imaging in cohort 3. All three aspects of Aβ pathology correlated with one another, the estimation of Aβ pathology by [18F]flutemetamol PET, AD-related NFT pathology, neuritic plaques, and with the degree of dementia. These results show that one aspect of Aβ pathology can be used to predict the other two, and correlates well with the development of dementia, advancing NFT and neuritic plaque pathology. Moreover, amyloid PET estimates all three aspects of Aβ pathology in-vivo. Accordingly, amyloid PET-based estimates for staging of amyloid pathology indicate the progression status of amyloid pathology in general and, in doing so, also of AD pathology. Only 7.75% of our cases deviated from this general association.
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Abstract
The corneal stroma comprises 90% of the corneal thickness and is critical for the cornea's transparency and refractive function necessary for vision. When the corneal stroma is altered by disease, injury, or scarring, however, an irreversible loss of transparency can occur. Corneal stromal pathology is the cause of millions of cases of blindness globally, and although corneal transplantation is the standard therapy, a severe global deficit of donor corneal tissue and eye banking infrastructure exists, and is unable to meet the overwhelming need. An alternative approach is to harness the endogenous regenerative ability of the corneal stroma, which exhibits self-renewal of the collagenous extracellular matrix under appropriate conditions. To mimic endogenous stromal regeneration, however, is a challenge. Unlike the corneal epithelium and endothelium, the corneal stroma is an exquisitely organized extracellular matrix containing stromal cells, proteoglycans and corneal nerves that is difficult to recapitulate in vitro. Nevertheless, much progress has recently been made in developing stromal equivalents, and in this review the most recent approaches to stromal regeneration therapy are described and discussed. Novel approaches for stromal regeneration include human or animal corneal and/or non-corneal tissue that is acellular or is decellularized and/or re-cellularized, acellular bioengineered stromal scaffolds, tissue adhesives, 3D bioprinting and stromal stem cell therapy. This review highlights the techniques and advances that have achieved first clinical use or are close to translation for eventual therapeutic application in repairing and regenerating the corneal stroma, while the potential of these novel therapies for achieving effective stromal regeneration is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Lagali
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital Arendal, Arendal, Norway
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22
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Elevated levels of Secreted-Frizzled-Related-Protein 1 contribute to Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Nat Neurosci 2019; 22:1258-1268. [PMID: 31308530 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-019-0432-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The deposition of aggregated amyloid-β peptides derived from the pro-amyloidogenic processing of the amyloid precurson protein (APP) into characteristic amyloid plaques (APs) is distinctive to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Alternative APP processing via the metalloprotease ADAM10 prevents amyloid-β formation. We tested whether downregulation of ADAM10 activity by its secreted endogenous inhibitor secreted-frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) is a common trait of sporadic AD. We demonstrate that SFRP1 is significantly increased in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with AD, accumulates in APs and binds to amyloid-β, hindering amyloid-β protofibril formation. Sfrp1 overexpression in an AD-like mouse model anticipates the appearance of APs and dystrophic neurites, whereas its genetic inactivation or the infusion of α-SFRP1-neutralizing antibodies favors non-amyloidogenic APP processing. Decreased Sfrp1 function lowers AP accumulation, improves AD-related histopathological traits and prevents long-term potentiation loss and cognitive deficits. Our study unveils SFRP1 as a crucial player in AD pathogenesis and a promising AD therapeutic target.
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23
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Cline EN, Bicca MA, Viola KL, Klein WL. The Amyloid-β Oligomer Hypothesis: Beginning of the Third Decade. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 64:S567-S610. [PMID: 29843241 PMCID: PMC6004937 DOI: 10.3233/jad-179941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 535] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid-β oligomer (AβO) hypothesis was introduced in 1998. It proposed that the brain damage leading to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was instigated by soluble, ligand-like AβOs. This hypothesis was based on the discovery that fibril-free synthetic preparations of AβOs were potent CNS neurotoxins that rapidly inhibited long-term potentiation and, with time, caused selective nerve cell death (Lambert et al., 1998). The mechanism was attributed to disrupted signaling involving the tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn, mediated by an unknown toxin receptor. Over 4,000 articles concerning AβOs have been published since then, including more than 400 reviews. AβOs have been shown to accumulate in an AD-dependent manner in human and animal model brain tissue and, experimentally, to impair learning and memory and instigate major facets of AD neuropathology, including tau pathology, synapse deterioration and loss, inflammation, and oxidative damage. As reviewed by Hayden and Teplow in 2013, the AβO hypothesis “has all but supplanted the amyloid cascade.” Despite the emerging understanding of the role played by AβOs in AD pathogenesis, AβOs have not yet received the clinical attention given to amyloid plaques, which have been at the core of major attempts at therapeutics and diagnostics but are no longer regarded as the most pathogenic form of Aβ. However, if the momentum of AβO research continues, particularly efforts to elucidate key aspects of structure, a clear path to a successful disease modifying therapy can be envisioned. Ensuring that lessons learned from recent, late-stage clinical failures are applied appropriately throughout therapeutic development will further enable the likelihood of a successful therapy in the near-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika N Cline
- Department of Neurobiology, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, International Institute for Nanotechnology, and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Maíra Assunção Bicca
- Department of Neurobiology, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, International Institute for Nanotechnology, and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Kirsten L Viola
- Department of Neurobiology, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, International Institute for Nanotechnology, and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - William L Klein
- Department of Neurobiology, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, International Institute for Nanotechnology, and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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24
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Cline EN, Das A, Bicca MA, Mohammad SN, Schachner LF, Kamel JM, DiNunno N, Weng A, Paschall JD, Bu RL, Khan FM, Rollins MG, Ives AN, Shekhawat G, Nunes-Tavares N, de Mello FG, Compton PD, Kelleher NL, Klein WL. A novel crosslinking protocol stabilizes amyloid β oligomers capable of inducing Alzheimer's-associated pathologies. J Neurochem 2019; 148:822-836. [PMID: 30565253 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid β oligomers (AβOs) accumulate early in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and experimentally cause memory dysfunction and the major pathologies associated with AD, for example, tau abnormalities, synapse loss, oxidative damage, and cognitive dysfunction. In order to develop the most effective AβO-targeting diagnostics and therapeutics, the AβO structures contributing to AD-associated toxicity must be elucidated. Here, we investigate the structural properties and pathogenic relevance of AβOs stabilized by the bifunctional crosslinker 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DFDNB). We find that DFDNB stabilizes synthetic Aβ in a soluble oligomeric conformation. With DFDNB, solutions of Aβ that would otherwise convert to large aggregates instead yield solutions of stable AβOs, predominantly in the 50-300 kDa range, that are maintained for at least 12 days at 37°C. Structures were determined by biochemical and native top-down mass spectrometry analyses. Assayed in neuronal cultures and i.c.v.-injected mice, the DFDNB-stabilized AβOs were found to induce tau hyperphosphorylation, inhibit choline acetyltransferase, and provoke neuroinflammation. Most interestingly, DFDNB crosslinking was found to stabilize an AβO conformation particularly potent in inducing memory dysfunction in mice. Taken together, these data support the utility of DFDNB crosslinking as a tool for stabilizing pathogenic AβOs in structure-function studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika N Cline
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Arighno Das
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Saad N Mohammad
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Luis F Schachner
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and the Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Josette M Kamel
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Nadia DiNunno
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Anthea Weng
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Jacob D Paschall
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Riana Lo Bu
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Faraz M Khan
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Madeline G Rollins
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Ashley N Ives
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and the Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Gajendra Shekhawat
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Nilson Nunes-Tavares
- Instituo de Biofisica Carlo Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando G de Mello
- Instituo de Biofisica Carlo Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Philip D Compton
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and the Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Neil L Kelleher
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and the Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - William L Klein
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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25
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W. Pilkington IV A, Legleiter J. Challenges in understanding the structure/activity relationship of Aβ oligomers. AIMS BIOPHYSICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3934/biophy.2019.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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26
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Yang Y, Liu JP, Fang JY, Wang HC, Wei Y, Cao Y, Liu JG, Liu LT, Li H. Effect and Safety of Huannao Yicong Formula () in Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer's Disease: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Donepezil-Controlled Trial. Chin J Integr Med 2018; 25:574-581. [PMID: 30109588 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-018-3054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect and safety of Huannao Yicong Formula (, HYF) in the treatment of patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS Sixty patients with mild-tomoderate AD were evenly randomized into HYF group and donepezil group with the random number method. Patients in the HYF group took 5 g of HYF granules twice daily and 5 mg placebo of donepezil once daily. Patients in the donepezil group took 5 mg donepezil once daily and 5 g placebo of HYF granules twice daily. The intervention lasted for 6 months. Clinical researchers, participants and statisticians were blinded to the treatment assignment throughout the study. The primary outcomes were scores of Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) and Chinese Medicine Symptom Scale (CM-SS). The secondary outcomes were scores of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test and Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE). The serum levels of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and amyloid-β protein 42 (Aβ42) were detected with enzymelinked immunosorbent assay kits. The scale assessments were conducted at baseline, the 3rd and 6th months of treatment, respectively. Biochemistry tests were conducted at baseline and the 6th month of treatment. RESULTS A total of 52 patients completed the trial, 28 in HYF group and 24 in donepezil group. Compared with the baseline, HYF and donepezil signifificantly decreased the total scores of ADAS-Cog and CM-SS, and signifificantly increased the scores of MoCA and MMSE after 6-month treatment (all P<0.01). Both treatments remarkably reduced the serum levels of AchE and Aβ42 (both P<0.05). The CM-SS total effective rate of HYF was signifificantly higher than donepezil [75.00% (21/28) vs. 54.17% (13/24), P<0.05]. No severe adverse events were observed in both groups. CONCLUSION HYF is effective and safe for improving the cognitive function in mildto-moderate AD patients. [Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Reg No. ChiCTR-IOR-17011746)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.,Department of Geratology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jian-Ping Liu
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jun-Yan Fang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongling Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongling, Anhui Province, 244099, China
| | - Hui-Chan Wang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.,Department of Geratology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yun Wei
- Department of Geratology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Geratology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jian-Gang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Long-Tao Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Geratology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
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27
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Jin M, O'Nuallain B, Hong W, Boyd J, Lagomarsino VN, O'Malley TT, Liu W, Vanderburg CR, Frosch MP, Young-Pearse T, Selkoe DJ, Walsh DM. An in vitro paradigm to assess potential anti-Aβ antibodies for Alzheimer's disease. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2676. [PMID: 29992960 PMCID: PMC6041266 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05068-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the amyloid β-protein (Aβ) is believed to play an initiating role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the molecular characteristics of the key pathogenic Aβ forms are not well understood. As a result, it has proved difficult to identify optimal agents that target disease-relevant forms of Aβ. Here, we combined the use of Aβ-rich aqueous extracts of brain samples from AD patients as a source of human Aβ and live-cell imaging of iPSC-derived human neurons to develop a bioassay capable of quantifying the relative protective effects of multiple anti-Aβ antibodies. We report the characterization of 1C22, an aggregate-preferring murine anti-Aβ antibody, which better protects against forms of Aβ oligomers that are toxic to neurites than do the murine precursors of the clinical immunotherapeutics, bapineuzumab and solanezumab. These results suggest further examination of 1C22 is warranted, and that this bioassay maybe useful as a primary screen to identify yet more potent anti-Aβ therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jin
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Brian O'Nuallain
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wei Hong
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Justin Boyd
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Valentina N Lagomarsino
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tiernan T O'Malley
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wen Liu
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Charles R Vanderburg
- Massachusetts General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- Massachusetts General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Tracy Young-Pearse
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Dominic M Walsh
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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28
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Hong W, Wang Z, Liu W, O'Malley TT, Jin M, Willem M, Haass C, Frosch MP, Walsh DM. Diffusible, highly bioactive oligomers represent a critical minority of soluble Aβ in Alzheimer's disease brain. Acta Neuropathol 2018; 136:19-40. [PMID: 29687257 PMCID: PMC6647843 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1846-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Significant data suggest that soluble Aβ oligomers play an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but there is great confusion over what exactly constitutes an Aβ oligomer and which oligomers are toxic. Most studies have utilized synthetic Aβ peptides, but the relevance of these test tube experiments to the conditions that prevail in AD is uncertain. A few groups have studied Aβ extracted from human brain, but they employed vigorous tissue homogenization which is likely to release insoluble Aβ that was sequestered in plaques during life. Several studies have found such extracts to possess disease-relevant activity and considerable efforts are being made to purify and better understand the forms of Aβ therein. Here, we compared the abundance of Aβ in AD extracts prepared by traditional homogenization versus using a far gentler extraction, and assessed their bioactivity via real-time imaging of iPSC-derived human neurons plus the sensitive functional assay of long-term potentiation. Surprisingly, the amount of Aβ retrieved by gentle extraction constituted only a small portion of that released by traditional homogenization, but this readily diffusible fraction retained all of the Aβ-dependent neurotoxic activity. Thus, the bulk of Aβ extractable from AD brain was innocuous, and only the small portion that was aqueously diffusible caused toxicity. This unexpected finding predicts that generic anti-oligomer therapies, including Aβ antibodies now in trials, may be bound up by the large pool of inactive oligomers, whereas agents that specifically target the small pool of diffusible, bioactive Aβ would be more useful. Furthermore, our results indicate that efforts to purify and target toxic Aβ must employ assays of disease-relevant activity. The approaches described here should enable these efforts, and may assist the study of other disease-associated aggregation-prone proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hong
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building for Transformative Medicine, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zemin Wang
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building for Transformative Medicine, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wen Liu
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building for Transformative Medicine, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tiernan T O'Malley
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building for Transformative Medicine, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ming Jin
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building for Transformative Medicine, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Michael Willem
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Haass
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- Massachusetts General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Dominic M Walsh
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building for Transformative Medicine, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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29
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Dominguez G, Maddelein ML, Pucelle M, Nicaise Y, Maurage CA, Duyckaerts C, Cuvillier O, Delisle MB. Neuronal sphingosine kinase 2 subcellular localization is altered in Alzheimer's disease brain. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:25. [PMID: 29615132 PMCID: PMC5883421 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides and hyperphosphorylated tau protein accompanied by neuronal loss. Aβ accumulation has been associated with an impaired sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) metabolism. S1P is generated by sphingosine kinases (SphKs), of which there are two isoenzymes SphK1 and SphK2, and degraded by the sphingosine 1-phosphate lyase (SPL). We previously reported, that both a decrease in SphK1 expression and an increase in SPL expression, correlated with amyloid deposits in the entorhinal cortex of AD brains, suggesting a global loss of pro-survival S1P in AD neurons. SphK2 contribution has also been examined in AD yielding to conflicting results that may reflect the complexity of SphK2 regulation. The subcellular localization of SphK2, hence the compartmentalization of generated S1P, is recognized to play a crucial role in dictating either its pro-survival or pro-apoptotic functions. We therefore aimed at studying the expression of SphK2 and notably its subcellular localization in brain tissues from patients with AD. Results We report that a decrease in SphK2 protein cytosolic expression correlated with the density of amyloid deposits in a cohort of 25 post-mortem brains. Interestingly, we observed that the equilibrium between cytoplasmic and nuclear SphK2 is disrupted and showed that SphK2 is preferentially localized in the nucleus in AD brain extracts as compared to control extracts, with a marked increase of cleaved SphK2. Conclusions Our results suggest that a shift in the subcellular localization of the S1P generating SphK2 may compromise the well established pro-survival cytosolic S1P by favoring the production of nuclear S1P associated with adverse effects in AD pathogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40478-018-0527-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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30
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Chiang ACA, Fowler SW, Reddy R, Pletnikova O, Troncoso JC, Sherman MA, Lesne SE, Jankowsky JL. Discrete Pools of Oligomeric Amyloid-β Track with Spatial Learning Deficits in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer Amyloidosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:739-756. [PMID: 29248459 PMCID: PMC5840490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite increasing appreciation that oligomeric amyloid-β (Aβ) may contribute to cognitive decline of Alzheimer disease, defining the most critical forms has been thwarted by the changeable nature of these aggregates and the varying methods used for detection. Herein, using a broad approach, we quantified Aβ oligomers during the evolution of cognitive deficits in an aggressive model of Aβ amyloidosis. Amyloid precursor protein/tetracycline transactivator mice underwent behavioral testing at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of age to evaluate spatial learning and memory, followed by histologic assessment of amyloid burden and biochemical characterization of oligomeric Aβ species. Transgenic mice displayed progressive impairments in acquisition and immediate recall of the trained platform location. Biochemical analysis of cortical extracts from behaviorally tested mice revealed distinct age-dependent patterns of accumulation in multiple oligomeric species. Dot blot analysis demonstrated that nonfibrillar Aβ oligomers were highly soluble and extracted into a fraction enriched for extracellular proteins, whereas prefibrillar species required high-detergent conditions to retrieve, consistent with membrane localization. Low-detergent extracts tested by 82E1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay confirmed the presence of bona fide Aβ oligomers, whereas immunoprecipitation-Western blotting using high-detergent extracts revealed a variety of SDS-stable low-n species. These findings show that different Aβ oligomers vary in solubility, consistent with distinct localization, and identify nonfibrillar Aβ oligomer-positive aggregates as tracking most closely with cognitive decline in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie C A Chiang
- Department of Neuroscience, Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephanie W Fowler
- Department of Neuroscience, Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Rohit Reddy
- Department of Neuroscience, Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Cognitive Science, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Olga Pletnikova
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mathew A Sherman
- Department of Neuroscience, N. Bud Grossman Center for Memory Research and Care, Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sylvain E Lesne
- Department of Neuroscience, N. Bud Grossman Center for Memory Research and Care, Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Joanna L Jankowsky
- Department of Neuroscience, Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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31
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Longhena F, Spano P, Bellucci A. Targeting of Disordered Proteins by Small Molecules in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2018; 245:85-110. [PMID: 28965171 DOI: 10.1007/164_2017_60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The formation of protein aggregates and inclusions in the brain and spinal cord is a common neuropathological feature of a number of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and many others. These are commonly referred as neurodegenerative proteinopathies or protein-misfolding diseases. The main characteristic of protein aggregates in these disorders is the fact that they are enriched in amyloid fibrils. Since protein aggregation is considered to play a central role for the onset of neurodegenerative proteinopathies, research is ongoing to develop strategies aimed at preventing or removing protein aggregation in the brain of affected patients. Numerous studies have shown that small molecule-based approaches may be potentially the most promising for halting protein aggregation in neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, several of these compounds have been found to interact with intrinsically disordered proteins and promote their clearing in experimental models. This notwithstanding, at present small molecule inhibitors still awaits achievements for clinical translation. Hopefully, if we determine whether the formation of insoluble inclusions is effectively neurotoxic and find a valid biomarker to assess their protein aggregation-inhibitory activity in the human central nervous system, the use of small molecule inhibitors will be considered as a cure for neurodegenerative protein-misfolding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Longhena
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa No. 11, Brescia, 25123, Italy
| | - PierFranco Spano
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa No. 11, Brescia, 25123, Italy
| | - Arianna Bellucci
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa No. 11, Brescia, 25123, Italy.
- Laboratory of Personalized and Preventive Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
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32
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Rodriguez-Rodriguez P, Sandebring-Matton A, Merino-Serrais P, Parrado-Fernandez C, Rabano A, Winblad B, Ávila J, Ferrer I, Cedazo-Minguez A. Tau hyperphosphorylation induces oligomeric insulin accumulation and insulin resistance in neurons. Brain 2017; 140:3269-3285. [PMID: 29053786 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin signalling deficiencies and insulin resistance have been directly linked to the progression of neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease. However, to date little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms or insulin state and distribution in the brain under pathological conditions. Here, we report that insulin is accumulated and retained as oligomers in hyperphosphorylated tau-bearing neurons in Alzheimer's disease and in several of the most prevalent human tauopathies. The intraneuronal accumulation of insulin is directly dependent on tau hyperphosphorylation, and follows the tauopathy progression. Furthermore, cells accumulating insulin show signs of insulin resistance and decreased insulin receptor levels. These results suggest that insulin retention in hyperphosphorylated tau-bearing neurons is a causative factor for the insulin resistance observed in tauopathies, and describe a novel neuropathological concept with important therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Sandebring-Matton
- Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paula Merino-Serrais
- Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cristina Parrado-Fernandez
- Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alberto Rabano
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.,Fundación CIEN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesús Ávila
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.,Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.,Institut de Neuropatologia, Servei Anatomia Patologica, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel Cedazo-Minguez
- Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Stockholm, Sweden
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Large Soluble Oligomers of Amyloid β-Protein from Alzheimer Brain Are Far Less Neuroactive Than the Smaller Oligomers to Which They Dissociate. J Neurosci 2017; 37:152-163. [PMID: 28053038 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1698-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble oligomers of amyloid β-protein (oAβ) isolated from the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients have been shown experimentally (in the absence of amyloid plaques) to impair hippocampal synaptic plasticity, decrease synapses, induce tau hyperphosphorylation and neuritic dystrophy, activate microglial inflammation, and impair memory in normal adult rodents. Nevertheless, there has been controversy about what types of oligomers actually confer these AD-like phenotypes. Here, we show that the vast majority of soluble Aβ species obtained from brains of humans who died with confirmed AD elute at high molecular weight (HMW) on nondenaturing size-exclusion chromatography. These species have little or no cytotoxic activity in several bioassays. However, incubation of HMW oAβ in mildly alkaline buffer led to their quantitative dissociation into low molecular weight oligomers (∼8-70 kDa), and these were now far more bioactive: they impaired hippocampal LTP, decreased neuronal levels of β2-adrenergic receptors, and activated microglia in wt mice in vivo Thus, most soluble Aβ assemblies in AD cortex are large and inactive but under certain circumstances can dissociate into smaller, highly bioactive species. Insoluble amyloid plaques likely sequester soluble HMW oligomers, limiting their potential to dissociate. We conclude that conditions that destabilize HMW oligomers or retard the sequestration of their smaller, more bioactive components are important drivers of Aβ toxicity. Selectively targeting these small, cytotoxic forms should be therapeutically beneficial. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Oligomers of amyloid β-protein (oAβ) are tought to play an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but there is confusion and controversy about what types and sizes of oligomers have disease-relevant activity. Using size-exclusion chromatography and three distinct measures of bioactivity, we show that the predominant forms of Aβ in aqueous extracts of AD brain are high molecular weight (HMW) and relatively inactive. Importantly, under certain conditions, the abundant HMW oAβ can dissociate into low molecular weight species, and these low molecular weight oligomers are significantly more bioactive on synapses and microglia than the HMW species from which they are derived. We conclude that conditions that destabilize HMW oAβ or retard the sequestration of smaller, more bioactive components are important drivers of Aβ toxicity.
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34
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Kumar S, Paul A, Kalita S, Ghosh AK, Mandal B, Mondal AC. Protective effects of β-sheet breaker α/β-hybrid peptide against amyloid β-induced neuronal apoptosis in vitro. Chem Biol Drug Des 2016; 89:888-900. [PMID: 27995757 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is most common neurodegenerative disorder and is characterized by increased production of soluble amyloid-β oligomers, the main toxic species predominantly formed from aggregation of monomeric amyloid-β (Aβ). Increased production of Aβ invokes a cascade of oxidative damages to neurons and eventually leads to neuronal death. This study was aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of a β-sheet breaker α/β-hybrid peptide (BSBHp) and the underlying mechanisms against Aβ40 -induced neurotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Cells were pretreated with the peptide Aβ40 to induce neurotoxicity. Assays for cell viability, cell membrane damage, cellular apoptosis, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), intracellular free Ca2+ , and key apoptotic protein levels were performed in vitro. Our results showed that pretreatment with BSBHp significantly attenuates Aβ40 -induced toxicity by retaining cell viability, suppressing generation of ROS, Ca2+ levels, and effectively protects neuronal apoptosis by suppressing pro-apoptotic protein Bax and up-regulating antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. These results suggest that α/β-hybrid peptide has neuroprotective effects against Aβ40 -induced oxidative stress, which might be a potential therapeutic agent for treating or preventing neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Kumar
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Raja Peary Mohan College, Uttarpara, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
| | - Ashim Paul
- Laboratory of Peptide and Amyloid Research, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), North Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sourav Kalita
- Laboratory of Peptide and Amyloid Research, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), North Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Anup Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Instrumentation Science, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Bhubaneswar Mandal
- Laboratory of Peptide and Amyloid Research, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), North Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Amal Chandra Mondal
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Raja Peary Mohan College, Uttarpara, Hooghly, West Bengal, India.,School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Soluble Amyloid-beta Aggregates from Human Alzheimer's Disease Brains. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38187. [PMID: 27917876 PMCID: PMC5137165 DOI: 10.1038/srep38187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregates likely contribute substantially to the dementia that characterizes Alzheimer's disease. However, despite intensive study of in vitro preparations and animal models, little is known about the characteristics of soluble Aβ aggregates in the human Alzheimer's disease brain. Here we present a new method for extracting soluble Aβ aggregates from human brains, separating them from insoluble aggregates and Aβ monomers using differential ultracentrifugation, and purifying them >6000 fold by dual antibody immunoprecipitation. The method resulted in <40% loss of starting material, no detectible ex vivo aggregation of monomeric Aβ, and no apparent ex vivo alterations in soluble aggregate sizes. By immunoelectron microscopy, soluble Aβ aggregates typically appear as clusters of 10-20 nanometer diameter ovoid structures with 2-3 amino-terminal Aβ antibody binding sites, distinct from previously characterized structures. This approach may facilitate investigation into the characteristics of native soluble Aβ aggregates, and deepen our understanding of Alzheimer's dementia.
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36
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Kitauchi K, Sakono M. Glycoprotein quality control-related proteins effectively inhibit fibrillation of amyloid beta 1–42. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 481:227-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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37
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Zhan X, Cox C, Ander BP, Liu D, Stamova B, Jin LW, Jickling GC, Sharp FR. Inflammation Combined with Ischemia Produces Myelin Injury and Plaque-Like Aggregates of Myelin, Amyloid-β and AβPP in Adult Rat Brain. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 46:507-23. [PMID: 25790832 PMCID: PMC4878315 DOI: 10.3233/jad-143072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: Ischemia, white matter injury, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathologies often co-exist in aging brain. How one condition predisposes to, interacts with, or perhaps causes the others remains unclear. Objectives: To better understand the link between ischemia, white matter injury, and AD, adult rats were administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to serve as an inflammatory stimulus, and 24 h later subjected to 20-min focal cerebral ischemia (IS) followed by 30-min hypoxia (H). Methods: Myelin and axonal damage, as well as amyloid-β (Aβ) and amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) deposition were examined by Western blot and immunocytochemistry following LPS/IS/H. Findings were compared to the 5XFAD mouse AD brain. Results: Myelin/axonal injury was observed bilaterally in cortex following LPS/IS/H, along with an increase in IL-1, granzyme B, and LPS. AβPP deposition was present in ischemic striatum in regions of myelin loss. Aβ1-42 and AβPP were deposited in small foci in ischemic cortex that co-localized with myelin aggregates. In the 5XFAD mouse AD model, cortical amyloid plaques also co-localized with myelin aggregates. Conclusions: LPS/IS/H produce myelin injury and plaque-like aggregates of myelin. AβPP and Aβ co-localize with these myelin aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Zhan
- Department of Neurology, MIND Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Cox
- Department of Neurology, MIND Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Bradley P Ander
- Department of Neurology, MIND Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Dazhi Liu
- Department of Neurology, MIND Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Boryana Stamova
- Department of Neurology, MIND Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Lee-Way Jin
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Glen C Jickling
- Department of Neurology, MIND Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Frank R Sharp
- Department of Neurology, MIND Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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38
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Karran E, De Strooper B. The amyloid cascade hypothesis: are we poised for success or failure? J Neurochem 2016; 139 Suppl 2:237-252. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Karran
- Alzheimer's Research UK Research; Cambridge Cambridgeshire UK
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease; VIB-Leuven; Leuven Belgium
- Institute of Neurology; University College London; London UK
| | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease; VIB-Leuven; Leuven Belgium
- Center for Human Genetics; Universitaire ziekenhuizen and LIND; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
- Institute of Neurology; University College London; London UK
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39
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Forloni G, Artuso V, La Vitola P, Balducci C. Oligomeropathies and pathogenesis of Alzheimer and Parkinson's diseases. Mov Disord 2016; 31:771-81. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Forloni
- Departement of Neuroscience; IRCCS, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri,”; Milano Italy
| | | | - Pietro La Vitola
- Departement of Neuroscience; IRCCS, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri,”; Milano Italy
| | - Claudia Balducci
- Departement of Neuroscience; IRCCS, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri,”; Milano Italy
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40
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Balakrishnan K, Rijal Upadhaya A, Steinmetz J, Reichwald J, Abramowski D, Fändrich M, Kumar S, Yamaguchi H, Walter J, Staufenbiel M, Thal DR. Impact of amyloid β aggregate maturation on antibody treatment in APP23 mice. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2015; 3:41. [PMID: 26141728 PMCID: PMC4491274 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-015-0217-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The deposition of the amyloid β protein (Aβ) in the brain is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Removal of Aβ by Aβ-antibody treatment has been developed as a potential treatment strategy against AD. First clinical trials showed neither a stop nor a reduction of disease progression. Recently, we have shown that the formation of soluble and insoluble Aβ aggregates in the human brain follows a hierarchical sequence of three biochemical maturation stages (B-Aβ stages). To test the impact of the B-Aβ stage on Aβ immunotherapy, we treated transgenic mice expressing human amyloid precursor protein (APP) carrying the Swedish mutation (KM670/671NL; APP23) with the Aβ-antibody β1 or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) beginning 1) at 3 months, before the onset of dendrite degeneration and plaque deposition, and 2) at 7 months, after the start of Aβ plaque deposition and dendrite degeneration. Results At 5 months of age, first Aβ aggregates in APP23 brain consisted of non-modified Aβ (representing B-Aβ stage 1) whereas mature Aβ-aggregates containing N-terminal truncated, pyroglutamate-modified AβN3pE and phosphorylated Aβ (representing B-Aβ stage 3) were found at 11 months of age in both β1- and PBS-treated animals. Protective effects on commissural neurons with highly ramified dendritic trees were observed only in 3-month-old β1-treated animals sacrificed at 5 months. When treatment started at 7 months of age, no differences in the numbers of healthy commissural neurons were observed between β1- and PBS-treated APP23 mice sacrificed with 11 months. Conclusions Aβ antibody treatment was capable of protecting neurons from dendritic degeneration as long as Aβ aggregation was absent or represented B-Aβ stage 1 but had no protective or curative effect in later stages with mature Aβ aggregates (B-Aβ stage 3). These data indicate that the maturation stage of Aβ aggregates has impact on potential treatment effects in APP23 mice. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40478-015-0217-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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41
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Thal DR, Walter J, Saido TC, Fändrich M. Neuropathology and biochemistry of Aβ and its aggregates in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2015; 129:167-82. [PMID: 25534025 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-014-1375-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by β-amyloid plaques and intraneuronal τ aggregation usually associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Both β-amyloid plaques and CAA deposits contain fibrillar aggregates of the amyloid β-peptide (Aβ). Aβ plaques and CAA develop first in neocortical areas of preclinical AD patients and, then, expand in a characteristic sequence into further brain regions with end-stage pathology in symptomatic AD patients. Aβ aggregates are not restricted to amyloid plaques and CAA. Soluble and several types of insoluble non-plaque- and non-CAA-associated Aβ aggregates have been described. Amyloid fibrils are products of a complex self-assembly process that involves different types of transient intermediates. Amongst these intermediate species are protofibrils and oligomers. Different variants of Aβ peptides may result from alternative processing or from mutations that lead to rare forms of familial AD. These variants can exhibit different self-assembly and aggregation properties. In addition, several post-translational modifications of Aβ have been described that result, for example, in the production of N-terminal truncated Aβ with pyroglutamate modification at position 3 (AβN3pE) or of Aβ phosphorylated at serine 8 (pSer8Aβ). Both AβN3pE and pSer8Aβ show enhanced aggregation into oligomers and fibrils. However, the earliest detectable soluble and insoluble Aβ aggregates in the human brain exhibit non-modified Aβ, whereas AβN3pE and pSer8Aβ are detected in later stages. This finding indicates the existence of different biochemical stages of Aβ aggregate maturation with pSer8Aβ being related mainly to cases with symptomatic AD. The conversion from preclinical to symptomatic AD could thereby be related to combined effects of increased Aβ concentration, maturation of aggregates and spread of deposits into additional brain regions. Thus, the inhibition of Aβ aggregation and maturation before entering the symptomatic stage of the disease as indicated by the accumulation of pSer8Aβ may represent an attractive treatment strategy for preventing disease progression.
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42
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Xu W, Fitzgerald S, Nixon RA, Levy E, Wilson DA. Early hyperactivity in lateral entorhinal cortex is associated with elevated levels of AβPP metabolites in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Exp Neurol 2015; 264:82-91. [PMID: 25500142 PMCID: PMC4324092 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder which is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly today. One of the earliest symptoms of AD is olfactory dysfunction. The present study investigated the effects of amyloid β precursor protein (AβPP) metabolites, including amyloid-β (Aβ) and AβPP C-terminal fragments (CTF), on olfactory processing in the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) using the Tg2576 mouse model of human AβPP over-expression. The entorhinal cortex is an early target of AD related neuropathology, and the LEC plays an important role in fine odor discrimination and memory. Cohorts of transgenic and age-matched wild-type (WT) mice at 3, 6, and 16months of age (MO) were anesthetized and acute, single-unit electrophysiology was performed in the LEC. Results showed that Tg2576 exhibited early LEC hyperactivity at 3 and 6MO compared to WT mice in both local field potential and single-unit spontaneous activity. However, LEC single-unit odor responses and odor receptive fields showed no detectable difference compared to WT at any age. Finally, the very early emergence of olfactory system hyper-excitability corresponded not to detectable Aβ deposition in the olfactory system, but rather to high levels of intracellular AβPP-CTF and soluble Aβ in the anterior piriform cortex (aPCX), a major afferent input to the LEC, by 3MO. The present results add to the growing evidence of AβPP-related hyper-excitability, and further implicate both soluble Aβ and non-Aβ AβPP metabolites in its early emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Xu
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Shane Fitzgerald
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Ralph A Nixon
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Efrat Levy
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Donald A Wilson
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Abstract
Many lines of evidence support that β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides play an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia. But despite much effort the molecular mechanisms of how Aβ contributes to AD remain unclear. While Aβ is generated from its precursor protein throughout life, the peptide is best known as the main component of amyloid plaques, the neuropathological hallmark of AD. Reduction in Aβ has been the major target of recent experimental therapies against AD. Unfortunately, human clinical trials targeting Aβ have not shown the hoped-for benefits. Thus, doubts have been growing about the role of Aβ as a therapeutic target. Here we review evidence supporting the involvement of Aβ in AD, highlight the importance of differentiating between various forms of Aβ, and suggest that a better understanding of Aβ's precise pathophysiological role in the disease is important for correctly targeting it for potential future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar K. Gouras
- />Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tomas T. Olsson
- />Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oskar Hansson
- />Clinical Memory Research Unit, Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- />Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Skåne, Sweden
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44
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Chen JJ, Genereux JC, Qu S, Hulleman JD, Shoulders MD, Wiseman RL. ATF6 activation reduces the secretion and extracellular aggregation of destabilized variants of an amyloidogenic protein. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2014; 21:1564-74. [PMID: 25444553 PMCID: PMC4254654 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Systemic amyloidoses result from the aberrant secretion of destabilized, amyloidogenic proteins to the serum where they aggregate into proteotoxic soluble aggregates and amyloid fibrils. Few therapeutic approaches exist to attenuate extracellular pathologic aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins, necessitating the development of new strategies to intervene in these devastating disorders. We show that stress-independent activation of the Unfolded Protein Response-associated transcription factor ATF6 increases ER quality control stringency for the amyloidogenic protein transthyretin (TTR), preferentially reducing secretion of disease-associated TTR variants to an extent corresponding to the variants' destabilization of the TTR tetramer. This decrease in destabilized TTR variant secretion attenuates extracellular, concentration-dependent aggregation of amyloidogenic TTRs into soluble aggregates commonly associated with proteotoxicity in disease. Collectively, our results indicate that increasing ER quality control stringency through ATF6 activation is a strategy to attenuate pathologic aggregation of a destabilized, amyloidogenic protein, revealing a potential approach to intervene in systemic amyloid disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Chen
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Joseph C Genereux
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Song Qu
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - John D Hulleman
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Matthew D Shoulders
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - R Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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45
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Wacker J, Rönicke R, Westermann M, Wulff M, Reymann KG, Dobson CM, Horn U, Crowther DC, Luheshi LM, Fändrich M. Oligomer-targeting with a conformational antibody fragment promotes toxicity in Aβ-expressing flies. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2014; 2:43. [PMID: 24725347 PMCID: PMC4029271 DOI: 10.1186/2051-5960-2-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The self-assembly of Aβ peptides into a range of conformationally heterogeneous amyloid states represents a fundamental event in Alzheimer’s disease. Within these structures oligomeric intermediates are considered to be particularly pathogenic. To test this hypothesis we have used a conformational targeting approach where particular conformational states, such as oligomers or fibrils, are recognized in vivo by state-specific antibody fragments. Results We show that oligomer targeting with the KW1 antibody fragment, but not fibril targeting with the B10 antibody fragment, affects toxicity in Aβ-expressing Drosophila melanogaster. The effect of KW1 is observed to occur selectively with flies expressing Aβ(1–40) and not with those expressing Aβ(1–42) or the arctic variant of Aβ(1–42) This finding is consistent with the binding preference of KW1 for Aβ(1–40) oligomers that has been established in vitro. Strikingly, and in contrast to the previously demonstrated in vitro ability of this antibody fragment to block oligomeric toxicity in long-term potentiation measurements, KW1 promotes toxicity in the flies rather than preventing it. This result shows the crucial importance of the environment in determining the influence of antibody binding on the nature and consequences of the protein misfolding and aggregation. Conclusions While our data support to the pathological relevance of oligomers, they highlight the issues to be addressed when developing inhibitory strategies that aim to neutralize these states by means of antagonistic binding agents.
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Rijal Upadhaya A, Kosterin I, Kumar S, von Arnim CAF, Yamaguchi H, Fändrich M, Walter J, Thal DR. Biochemical stages of amyloid-β peptide aggregation and accumulation in the human brain and their association with symptomatic and pathologically preclinical Alzheimer’s disease. Brain 2014; 137:887-903. [PMID: 24519982 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awt362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ajeet Rijal Upadhaya
- 1 Laboratory of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Centre for Clinical Research at the University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Liu S, Breitbart A, Sun Y, Mehta PD, Boutajangout A, Scholtzova H, Wisniewski T. Blocking the apolipoprotein E/amyloid β interaction in triple transgenic mice ameliorates Alzheimer's disease related amyloid β and tau pathology. J Neurochem 2013; 128:577-91. [PMID: 24117759 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inheritance of the apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) genotype has been identified as the major genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies have shown that the binding between apoE and amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides occurs at residues 244-272 of apoE and residues 12-28 of Aβ. ApoE4 has been implicated in promoting Aβ deposition and impairing clearance of Aβ. We hypothesized that blocking the apoE/Aβ interaction would serve as an effective new approach to AD therapy. We have previously shown that treatment with Aβ12-28P can reduce amyloid plaques in APP/PS1 transgenic (Tg) mice and vascular amyloid in TgSwDI mice with congophilic amyloid angiopathy. In the present study, we investigated whether the Aβ12-28P elicits a therapeutic effect on tau-related pathology in addition to amyloid pathology using old triple transgenic AD mice (3xTg, with PS1M146V , APPSwe and tauP30IL transgenes) with established pathology from the ages of 21 to 26 months. We show that treatment with Aβ12-28P substantially reduces tau pathology both immunohistochemically and biochemically, as well as reducing the amyloid burden and suppressing the activation of astrocytes and microglia. These affects correlate with a behavioral amelioration in the treated Tg mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, ERSP, New York, NY, USA
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Pathology of clinical and preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2013; 263 Suppl 2:S137-45. [PMID: 24077890 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-013-0449-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized neuropathologically by the presence of amyloid plaques, neuritic plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). These lesions occur not only in demented individuals with AD but also in non-demented persons. In non-demented individuals, amyloid and neuritic plaques are usually accompanied with NFTs and are considered to represent asymptomatic or preclinical AD (pre-AD) pathology. Here, we defined and characterized neuropathological differences between clinical AD, non-demented pre-AD, and non-AD control cases. Our results show that clinical AD may be defined as cases exhibiting late stages of NFT, amyloid, and neuritic plaque pathology. This is in contrast to the neuropathological changes characteristic of pre-AD, which display early stages of these lesions. Both AD and pre-AD cases often exhibit cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and granulovacuolar degeneration (GVD), and when they do, these AD-related pathologies were at early stages in pre-AD cases and at late stages in symptomatic AD. Importantly, NFTs, GVD, and CAA were also observed in non-AD cases, i.e., in cases without amyloid plaque pathology. Moreover, soluble and dispersible, high-molecular-weight amyloid β-protein (Aβ) aggregates detected by blue-native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were elevated in clinical AD compared to that in pre-AD and non-AD cases. Detection of NFTs, GVD, and CAA in cases without amyloid plaques, presently classified as non-AD, is consistent with the idea that NFTs, GVD, and CAA may precede amyloid plaque pathology and may represent a pre-amyloid plaque stage of pre-AD not yet considered in the current recommendations for the neuropathological diagnosis of AD. Our finding of early stages of AD-related NFT, amyloid, and GVD pathology provides a more clear definition of pre-AD cases that is in contrast to the changes in clinical AD, which is characterized by late stages of these AD-related pathologies. The observed elevation of soluble/dispersible Aβ aggregates from pre-AD compared to that in AD cases suggests that, in addition to more widespread AD-related pathologies, soluble/dispersible Aβ aggregates in the neuropil play a role in the conversion of pre-AD to clinical AD.
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Wu H, Li Y, Bai G, Niu Y, Qiao Q, Tipton JD, Cao C, Cai J. γ-AApeptide-based small-molecule ligands that inhibit Aβ aggregation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 50:5206-8. [PMID: 24158240 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc46685j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We report the design, synthesis, characterization and evaluation of a novel class of γ-AApeptide one-bead-one-compound (OBOC) library, from which a small γ-AApeptide was identified to effectively prevent and disassemble Aβ aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
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Obulesu M, Jhansilakshmi M. Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: an understanding of physiology and pathology. Int J Neurosci 2013; 124:227-35. [DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2013.831852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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