1
|
Mehta PD, Patrick BA, Miller DL, Coyle PK, Wisniewski T. A Sensitive and Cost-Effective Chemiluminescence ELISA for Measurement of Amyloid-β 1-42 Peptide in Human Plasma. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:1237-1244. [PMID: 33252086 PMCID: PMC7874530 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) is associated with plaque formation in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies have suggested the potential utility of plasma Aβ42 levels in the diagnosis, and in longitudinal study of AD pathology. Conventional ELISAs are used to measure Aβ42 levels in plasma but are not sensitive enough to quantitate low levels. Although ultrasensitive assays like single molecule array or immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry have been developed to quantitate plasma Aβ42 levels, the high cost of instruments and reagents limit their use. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that a sensitive and cost-effective chemiluminescence (CL) immunoassay could be developed to detect low Aβ42 levels in human plasma. METHODS We developed a sandwich ELISA using high affinity rabbit monoclonal antibody specific to Aβ42. The sensitivity of the assay was increased using CL substrate to quantitate low levels of Aβ42 in plasma. We examined the levels in plasma from 13 AD, 25 Down syndrome (DS), and 50 elderly controls. RESULTS The measurement range of the assay was 0.25 to 500 pg/ml. The limit of detection was 1 pg/ml. All AD, DS, and 45 of 50 control plasma showed measurable Aβ42 levels. CONCLUSION This assay detects low levels of Aβ42 in plasma and does not need any expensive equipment or reagents. It offers a preferred alternative to ultrasensitive assays. Since the antibodies, peptide, and substrate are commercially available, the assay is well suited for academic or diagnostic laboratories, and has a potential for the diagnosis of AD or in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj D. Mehta
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Bruce A. Patrick
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - David L. Miller
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Patricia K. Coyle
- Department of Neurology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mehta PD, Patrick BA, Barshatzky M, Mehta SP, Frackowiak J, Mazur-Kolecka B, Wegiel J, Wisniewski T, Miller DL. Generation and Partial Characterization of Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody to Pyroglutamate Amyloid-β3-42 (pE3-Aβ). J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 62:1635-1649. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-170898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj D. Mehta
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Bruce A. Patrick
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Marc Barshatzky
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Sangita P. Mehta
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Janusz Frackowiak
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Bozena Mazur-Kolecka
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Jerzy Wegiel
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David L. Miller
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu S, Park S, Allington G, Prelli F, Sun Y, Martá-Ariza M, Scholtzova H, Biswas G, Brown B, Verghese PB, Mehta PD, Kwon YU, Wisniewski T. Targeting Apolipoprotein E/Amyloid β Binding by Peptoid CPO_Aβ17-21 P Ameliorates Alzheimer's Disease Related Pathology and Cognitive Decline. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8009. [PMID: 28808293 PMCID: PMC5556019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08604-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inheritance of the apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) genotype has been identified as the major genetic risk factor for late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies have shown that apoE, apoE4 in particular, binds to amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides at residues 12-28 of Aβ and this binding modulates Aβ accumulation and disease progression. We have previously shown in several AD transgenic mice lines that blocking the apoE/Aβ interaction with Aβ12-28 P reduced Aβ and tau-related pathology, leading to cognitive improvements in treated AD mice. Recently, we have designed a small peptoid library derived from the Aβ12-28 P sequence to screen for new apoE/Aβ binding inhibitors with higher efficacy and safety. Peptoids are better drug candidates than peptides due to their inherently more favorable pharmacokinetic properties. One of the lead peptoid compounds, CPO_Aβ17-21 P, diminished the apoE/Aβ interaction and attenuated the apoE4 pro-fibrillogenic effects on Aβ aggregation in vitro as well as apoE4 potentiation of Aβ cytotoxicity. CPO_Aβ17-21 P reduced Aβ-related pathology coupled with cognitive improvements in an AD APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model. Our study suggests the non-toxic, non-fibrillogenic peptoid CPO_Aβ17-21 P has significant promise as a new AD therapeutic agent which targets the Aβ related apoE pathway, with improved efficacy and pharmacokinetic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Shinae Park
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Frances Prelli
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Yanjie Sun
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Mitchell Martá-Ariza
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Henrieta Scholtzova
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Goutam Biswas
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bernard Brown
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Philip B Verghese
- C2N Diagnostics, Center for Emerging Technologies, 4041 Forest Park Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Pankaj D Mehta
- Department of Immunology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, New York, USA
| | - Yong-Uk Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Pathology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Goni F, Herline K, Marta‐Ariza M, Boutajangout A, Mehta PD, Prelli F, Wisniewski T. [P4–408]: A MONOCLONAL ANTI‐OLIGOMER IGM CROSSES THE BBB AND PRODUCES COGNITIVE RESCUE BY LOWERING OLIGOMERIC FORMS OF BOTH TAU AND Aβ IN AN AD ANIMAL MODEL. Alzheimers Dement 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.07.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Goni
- New York University School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- NYU School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental DisabilitiesStaten IslandNYUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Scholtzova H, Nehete PN, Nehete BP, Pei X, Krivoshik SR, Patel AG, Padova A, Andrade AG, Alu MJ, Mehta PD, Williams LE, Wisniewski T. [P3–053]: CEREBRAL AMYLOID ANGIOPATHY TREATMENT VIA INNATE IMMUNITY STIMULATION IN AGED NON‐HUMAN PRIMATES. Alzheimers Dement 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.06.1263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pramod N. Nehete
- UT MD Anderson Cancer CenterMichale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and ResearchBastropTXUSA
| | - Bharti P. Nehete
- UT MD Anderson Cancer CenterMichale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and ResearchBastropTXUSA
| | - Xuewei Pei
- New York University School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Mark J. Alu
- New York University School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Pankaj D. Mehta
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental DisabilitiesStaten IslandNYUSA
| | - Lawrence E. Williams
- UT MD Anderson Cancer CenterMichale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and ResearchBastropTXUSA
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Stillman CM, Lopez OL, Becker JT, Kuller LH, Mehta PD, Tracy RP, Erickson KI. Physical activity predicts reduced plasma β amyloid in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2017; 4:284-291. [PMID: 28491896 PMCID: PMC5420805 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Higher levels of physical activity (PA) reduce the risk of cognitive impairment, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Using longitudinal data from the Cardiovascular Health Study, we examined whether PA predicted plasma Aβ levels and risk for cognitive decline 9–13 years later. Methods Linear and logistic regressions (controlling for APOE status, age, gender, body mass index, cardiovascular disease, brain white matter lesions, and cystatin C levels) tested associations between PA, Aβ, and cognitive impairment in a sample of 149 cognitively normal older adults (mean age 83 years). Results More PA at baseline predicted lower levels of Aβ 9–13 years later. Higher Aβ levels at year 9 predicted greater risk for cognitive impairment at year 13. Levels of Aβ at year 9 mediated the relationship between PA and cognitive impairment. Interpretation Greater PA may reduce plasma levels of a neurotoxic peptide at an age when the risk for cognitive impairment is especially high.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea M Stillman
- Department of Psychiatry University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Oscar L Lopez
- Department of Psychiatry University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh Pennsylvania.,Department of Neurology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - James T Becker
- Department of Psychiatry University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh Pennsylvania.,Department of Neurology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh Pennsylvania.,Department of Psychology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Lewis H Kuller
- Graduate School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Pankaj D Mehta
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities Staten Island New York
| | - Russell P Tracy
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine University of Vermont College of Medicine Burlington Vermont
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Psychology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mehta PD, Blain JF, Freeman EA, Patrick BA, Barshatzky M, Hrdlicka LA, Mehta SP, Frackowiak J, Mazur-Kolecka B, Wegiel J, Patzke H, Miller DL. Generation and Partial Characterization of Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody to Amyloid-β Peptide 1-37 (Aβ37). J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 57:135-145. [PMID: 28222530 DOI: 10.3233/jad-161207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Secreted soluble amyloid-β 1-37 (Aβ37) peptide is one of the prominent Aβ forms next to Aβ40, and is found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. Recent studies have shown the importance of quantitation of CSF Aβ37 levels in combination with Aβ38, Aβ40, and Aβ42 to support the diagnosis of patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the value of antibody to Aβ37 to facilitate drug discovery studies. However, the availability of reliable and specific monoclonal antibody to Aβ37 is very limited. Our aims were: 1) to generate and partially characterize rabbit monoclonal antibody (RabmAb) to Aβ37, and 2) to determine whether the antibody detects changes in Aβ37 levels produced by a γ-secretase modulator (GSM). Our generated RabmAb to Aβ37 was found to be specific to Aβ37, since it did not react with Aβ36, Aβ38, Aβ39, Aβ40, and Aβ42 in an ELISA or immunoblotting. The epitope of the antibody was contained in the seven C-terminal residues of Aβ37. The antibody was sensitive enough to measure CSF and plasma Aβ37 levels in ELISA. Immunohistological studies showed the presence of Aβ37-positive deposits in the brain of AD, and Down syndrome persons diagnosed with AD. Our studies also showed that the antibody detected Aβ37 increases in CSF and brains of rodents following treatment with a GSM. Thus, our antibody can be widely applied to AD research, and in a panel based approach it may have potential to support the diagnosis of probable AD, and in testing the effect of GSMs to target AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj D Mehta
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Bruce A Patrick
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc Barshatzky
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Sangita P Mehta
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, NY, USA
| | - Janusz Frackowiak
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bozena Mazur-Kolecka
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jerzy Wegiel
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - David L Miller
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mehta PD, Patrick BA, Barshatzky M, Mehta SP, Frackowiak J, Mazur-Kolecka B, Miller DL. Generation of Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody to Amyloid-β38 (Aβ38): Increased Plasma Aβ38 Levels in Down Syndrome. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 46:1021-32. [PMID: 26402629 DOI: 10.3233/jad-142592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Secreted soluble amyloid-β (Aβ)38 is the second most prominent Aβ form next to Aβ40, and is found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. Recent studies have shown the importance of quantitation of CSF Aβ38 levels in combination with those of Aβ40 and Aβ42 to support the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and other neurodegenerative diseases, and to facilitate drug discovery studies. However, the availability of reliable and specific Aβ38 monoclonal antibody is limited. Our first aim was to generate and partially characterize rabbit monoclonal antibody (RabmAb) to Aβ38. The antibody was specific to Aβ38, since it did not react with Aβ37, Aβ39, Aβ40, or Aβ42 in ELISA or immunoblotting. The antibody was sensitive enough to measure Aβ38 levels in plasma. Our second aim was to quantitate Aβ38 levels in plasma from older Down syndrome (DS) persons and age-matched controls. Persons with DS (35 years and older) have neuropathological changes characteristic of AD. Studies have shown that plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels are higher in older persons with DS than in controls. However, none examined Aβ38 levels in DS. Our quantitation data showed that, like Aβ40 and Aβ42 plasma levels, Aβ38 plasma levels were higher in DS than in controls. Longitudinal studies will determine whether plasma Aβ38 levels in combination with levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42 are useful to predict early signs of AD in DS.
Collapse
|
9
|
Goni F, Scholtzova H, Marta-Ariza M, Herline K, Sun Y, Pan J, Mehta PD, Wisniewski T. P2‐321: Active vaccination of old Alzheimer's disease transgenic animals with oligomeric polymerized pbri and CpG ODN can reverse preexisting Alzheimer's disease pathology. Alzheimers Dement 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.06.863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yanjie Sun
- New York University School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Jason Pan
- New York University School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Pankaj D. Mehta
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental DisabilitiesStaten IslandNYUSA
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mehta PD, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, DeLeon M. P2‐063: Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels in plasma: Comparison of enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with multiplex technology. Alzheimers Dement 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.06.600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj D. Mehta
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental DisabilitiesStaten IslandNYUSA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratoryInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory/Sahlgrenska University HospitalGothenburgSweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sohrabi HR, Bates KA, Weinborn M, Bucks RS, Rainey-Smith SR, Rodrigues MA, Bird SM, Brown BM, Beilby J, Howard M, Criddle A, Wraith M, Taddei K, Martins G, Paton A, Shah T, Dhaliwal SS, Mehta PD, Foster JK, Martins IJ, Lautenschlager NT, Mastaglia F, Laws SM, Martins RN. Bone mineral density, adiposity, and cognitive functions. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:16. [PMID: 25741279 PMCID: PMC4332358 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline and dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been associated with genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. A number of potentially modifiable risk factors should be taken into account when preventive or ameliorative interventions targeting dementia and its preclinical stages are investigated. Bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition are two such potentially modifiable risk factors, and their association with cognitive decline was investigated in this study. 164 participants, aged 34–87 years old (62.78 ± 9.27), were recruited for this longitudinal study and underwent cognitive and clinical examinations at baseline and after 3 years. Blood samples were collected for apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotyping and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was conducted at the same day as cognitive assessment. Using hierarchical regression analysis, we found that BMD and lean body mass, as measured using DXA were significant predictors of episodic memory. Age, gender, APOE status, and premorbid IQ were controlled for. Specifically, the List A learning from California Verbal Learning Test was significantly associated with BMD and lean mass both at baseline and at follow up assessment. Our findings indicate that there is a significant association between BMD and lean body mass and episodic verbal learning. While the involvement of modifiable lifestyle factors in human cognitive function has been examined in different studies, there is a need for further research to understand the potential underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid R Sohrabi
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University Joondalup, WA, Australia ; The McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation Nedlands, WA, Australia ; School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia Crawley, Australia
| | - Kristyn A Bates
- The McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation Nedlands, WA, Australia ; The School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Michael Weinborn
- The McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation Nedlands, WA, Australia ; School of Psychology, University of Western Australia Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Romola S Bucks
- School of Psychology, University of Western Australia Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Stephanie R Rainey-Smith
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University Joondalup, WA, Australia ; The McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Mark A Rodrigues
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University Joondalup, WA, Australia ; The McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Sabine M Bird
- The McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation Nedlands, WA, Australia ; School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia Crawley, Australia
| | - Belinda M Brown
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University Joondalup, WA, Australia ; The McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - John Beilby
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia Nedlands, WA, Australia ; PathWest Laboratory Medicine of WA Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Matthew Howard
- The McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Arthur Criddle
- Western Medicine, Hollywood Specialist Centre Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Megan Wraith
- Western Medicine, Hollywood Specialist Centre Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Kevin Taddei
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University Joondalup, WA, Australia ; The McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Georgia Martins
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University Joondalup, WA, Australia ; The McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Athena Paton
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University Joondalup, WA, Australia ; The McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Tejal Shah
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University Joondalup, WA, Australia ; The McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | | | - Pankaj D Mehta
- Division of Immunology, Department of Developmental Neurobiolog,Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan K Foster
- Neurosciences Unit, Health Department of WA, School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University of Technology Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ian J Martins
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University Joondalup, WA, Australia ; The McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Nicola T Lautenschlager
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia Crawley, Australia ; Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, St. Vincent's Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia ; The WA Centre for Health and Ageing, University of Western Australia Crawley, Australia
| | - Francis Mastaglia
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University WA, Australia
| | - Simon M Laws
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University Joondalup, WA, Australia ; The McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Ralph N Martins
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University Joondalup, WA, Australia ; The McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation Nedlands, WA, Australia ; School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia Crawley, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Scholtzova H, Chianchiano P, Pan J, Sun Y, Goñi F, Mehta PD, Wisniewski T. Amyloid β and Tau Alzheimer's disease related pathology is reduced by Toll-like receptor 9 stimulation. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2014; 2:101. [PMID: 25178404 PMCID: PMC4171548 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-014-0101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, and currently, there is no effective treatment. The major neuropathological lesions in AD are accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) as amyloid plaques and congophilic amyloid angiopathy, as well as aggregated tau in the form of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). In addition, inflammation and microglia/macrophage function play an important role in AD pathogenesis. We have hypothesized that stimulation of the innate immune system via Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonists, such as type B CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), might be an effective way to ameliorate AD related pathology. We have previously shown in the Tg2576 AD model that CpG ODN can reduce amyloid deposition and prevent cognitive deficits. In the present study, we used the 3xTg-AD mice with both Aβ and tau related pathology. The mice were divided into 2 groups treated from 7 to 20 months of age, prior to onset of pathology and from 11 to 18 months of age, when pathology is already present. We demonstrated that immunomodulatory treatment with CpG ODN reduces both Aβ and tau pathologies, as well as levels of toxic oligomers, in the absence of any apparent inflammatory toxicity, in both animal groups. This pathology reduction is associated with a cognitive rescue in the 3xTg-AD mice. Our data indicate that modulation of microglial function via TLR9 stimulation is effective at ameliorating all the cardinal AD related pathologies in an AD mouse model mice suggesting such an approach would have a greater chance of achieving clinical efficacy.
Collapse
|
13
|
Mehta PD, Patrick B, Barshatzky M, Miller D. P4‐050: PYROGLUTAMATE‐3 AMYLOID‐BETA PROTEIN PLASMA LEVELS IN DOWN SYNDROME (DS). Alzheimers Dement 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.05.1564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj D. Mehta
- Institute for Basic Research in Developmental DisabilitiesNew YorkNew YorkUnited States
| | - Bruce Patrick
- Institute for Basic ResearchNew YorkNew YorkUnited States
| | - Marc Barshatzky
- Institute for Basic ResearchStaten IslandNew YorkUnited States
| | - David Miller
- Institute for Basic ResearchWaynePennsylvaniaUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Scholtzova H, Chianchiano P, Pan J, Sun Y, Goñi F, Mehta PD, Wisniewski T. Amyloid ß and Tau Alzheimer¿s disease related pathology is reduced by toll-like receptor 9 stimulation. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1186/preaccept-2151623761356337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
15
|
Liu S, Breitbart A, Sun Y, Mehta PD, Boutajangout A, Scholtzova H, Wisniewski T. Blocking the apolipoprotein E/amyloid β interaction in triple transgenic mice ameliorates Alzheimer's disease related amyloid β and tau pathology. J Neurochem 2013; 128:577-91. [PMID: 24117759 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inheritance of the apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) genotype has been identified as the major genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies have shown that the binding between apoE and amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides occurs at residues 244-272 of apoE and residues 12-28 of Aβ. ApoE4 has been implicated in promoting Aβ deposition and impairing clearance of Aβ. We hypothesized that blocking the apoE/Aβ interaction would serve as an effective new approach to AD therapy. We have previously shown that treatment with Aβ12-28P can reduce amyloid plaques in APP/PS1 transgenic (Tg) mice and vascular amyloid in TgSwDI mice with congophilic amyloid angiopathy. In the present study, we investigated whether the Aβ12-28P elicits a therapeutic effect on tau-related pathology in addition to amyloid pathology using old triple transgenic AD mice (3xTg, with PS1M146V , APPSwe and tauP30IL transgenes) with established pathology from the ages of 21 to 26 months. We show that treatment with Aβ12-28P substantially reduces tau pathology both immunohistochemically and biochemically, as well as reducing the amyloid burden and suppressing the activation of astrocytes and microglia. These affects correlate with a behavioral amelioration in the treated Tg mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, ERSP, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pillai A, Bruno D, Sarreal AS, Hernando RT, Saint-Louis LA, Nierenberg J, Ginsberg SD, Pomara N, Mehta PD, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Buckley PF. Plasma BDNF levels vary in relation to body weight in females. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39358. [PMID: 22768299 PMCID: PMC3388065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression as well as neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Recent studies show a role of BDNF in energy metabolism and body weight regulation. We examined BDNF levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from age matched elderly depressed and control subjects. Also, the association of BDNF levels with age, gender, body weight, body mass index (BMI), and cognitive performance was evaluated. We did not find any significant differences in plasma and CSF BDNF levels between depressed and control subjects. Plasma BDNF levels were negatively correlated with age (but not with BMI and body weight), when analyses were performed including both depressed and control subjects. A significant reduction in plasma BDNF levels was observed in females as compared to male subjects, and the change in BDNF levels were significantly and positively related to body weight in females. Furthermore, significant increases in Total Recall and Delayed Recall values were found in females as compared to males. In conclusion, the lower BDNF levels observed in females suggest that changes in peripheral BDNF levels are likely secondary to an altered energy balance. However, further studies using larger sample size are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anilkumar Pillai
- Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pomara N, Bruno D, Sarreal AS, Hernando RT, Nierenberg J, Petkova E, Sidtis JJ, Wisniewski TM, Mehta PD, Pratico D, Zetterberg H, Blennow K. Lower CSF amyloid beta peptides and higher F2-isoprostanes in cognitively intact elderly individuals with major depressive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2012; 169:523-30. [PMID: 22764362 PMCID: PMC3586557 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11081153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Major depressive disorder is common in the elderly, and symptoms are often not responsive to conventional antidepressant treatment, especially in the long term. Soluble oligomeric and aggregated forms of amyloid beta peptides, especially amyloid beta 42, impair neuronal and synaptic function. Amyloid beta 42 is the main component of plaques and is implicated in Alzheimer's disease. Amyloid beta peptides also induce a depressive state in rodents and disrupt major neurotransmitter systems linked to depression. The authors assessed whether major depression was associated with CSF levels of amyloid beta, tau protein, and F2-isoprostanes in elderly individuals with major depressive disorder and age-matched nondepressed comparison subjects. METHOD CSF was obtained from 47 cognitively intact volunteers (major depression group, N=28; comparison group, N=19) and analyzed for levels of soluble amyloid beta, total and phosphorylated tau proteins, and isoprostanes. RESULTS Amyloid beta 42 levels were significantly lower in the major depression group relative to the comparison group, and amyloid beta 40 levels were lower but only approaching statistical significance. In contrast, isoprostane levels were higher in the major depression group. No differences were observed in total and phosphorylated tau proteins across conditions. Antidepressant use was not associated with differences in amyloid beta 42 levels. CONCLUSIONS Reduction in CSF levels of amyloid beta 42 may be related to increased brain amyloid beta plaques or decreased soluble amyloid beta production in elderly individuals with major depression relative to nondepressed comparison subjects. These results may have implications for our understanding of the pathophysiology of major depression and for the development of treatment strategies.
Collapse
|
18
|
Mehta PD, Patrick B, Barshatzky M, Mehta S. P1‐100: Quantitation of plasma Abeta40 and Abeta42 levels using rabbit monoclonal antibodies. Alzheimers Dement 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.05.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
19
|
Miller DL, Potempska A, Wegiel J, Mehta PD. High-affinity rabbit monoclonal antibodies specific for amyloid peptides amyloid-β40 and amyloid-β42. J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 23:293-305. [PMID: 21116049 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2010-101341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies that specifically bind to either amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) isoform Aβ₄₀ or Aβ₄₂ contribute to the study of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and to the development of cerebrospinal fluid-based tests for the probable diagnosis of AD. Polyclonal rabbit anti-Aβ antibodies possess high affinity and specificity, but their generation requires a long immunization period, and the resulting antibodies exhibit variable specificities and affinities. To secure a continuing supply of antibodies with uniform properties, we generated and partially characterized rabbit monoclonal antibodies specific for either Aβ₄₀ or Aβ₄₂. These antibodies possess nanomolar or sub-nanomolar dissociation constants and are at least 3,000-fold more selective for one isoform over the other. These antibodies are suitable for immunoblotting and, in a sandwich ELISA, RabmAb42 (anti-Aβ₄₂) is sensitive enough to measure plasma levels of Aβ₄₂. In addition, these antibodies have been applied to the immunohistology of Down syndrome and AD brain tissues, where they reveal fibrillar and diffuse amyloid deposits and are almost free of non-specific staining. The data indicate that diffuse amyloid deposits contain only minute amounts of Aβ₄₀. Thus these rabbit monoclonal anti-Aβ antibodies can be widely applied in AD and Down syndrome research and diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David L Miller
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pomara N, Bruno D, Nierenberg JJ, Sidtis JJ, Martiniuk FT, Mehta PD, Zetterberg H, Blennow K. TOMM40 poly-T variants and cerebrospinal fluid amyloid beta levels in the elderly. Neurochem Res 2011; 36:1124-8. [PMID: 21455713 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0459-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A variable poly-T polymorphism in the TOMM40 gene, which is in linkage disequilibrium with APOE, was recently implicated with increased risk and earlier onset age for late-onset Alzheimer's disease in APOE ε3 carriers. To elucidate potential neurobiological mechanisms underlying this association, we compared the effect of TOMM40 poly-T variants to the effect of APOE, an established LOAD-risk modulator, on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau levels, in cognitively intact elderly subjects. APOE ε4 carriers showed significant reductions in Aβ 1-42 levels compared to non-ε4 carriers, but no differences were detected across TOMM40 variants. Neither Aβ 1-40 nor tau levels were affected by APOE or TOMM40.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Pomara
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Bldg 35, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Baker LD, Frank LL, Foster-Schubert K, Green PS, Wilkinson CW, McTiernan A, Cholerton BA, Plymate SR, Fishel MA, Watson GS, Duncan GE, Mehta PD, Craft S. Aerobic exercise improves cognition for older adults with glucose intolerance, a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 22:569-79. [PMID: 20847403 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2010-100768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Impaired glucose regulation is a defining characteristic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) pathology and has been linked to increased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. Although the benefits of aerobic exercise for physical health are well-documented, exercise effects on cognition have not been examined for older adults with poor glucose regulation associated with prediabetes and early T2DM. Using a randomized controlled design, twenty-eight adults (57-83 y old) meeting 2-h tolerance test criteria for glucose intolerance completed 6 months of aerobic exercise or stretching, which served as the control. The primary cognitive outcomes included measures of executive function (Trails B, Task Switching, Stroop, Self-ordered Pointing Test, and Verbal Fluency). Other outcomes included memory performance (Story Recall, List Learning), measures of cardiorespiratory fitness obtained via maximal-graded exercise treadmill test, glucose disposal during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, body fat, and fasting plasma levels of insulin, cortisol, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1, amyloid-β (Aβ40 and Aβ42). Six months of aerobic exercise improved executive function (MANCOVA, p=0.04), cardiorespiratory fitness (MANOVA, p=0.03), and insulin sensitivity (p=0.05). Across all subjects, 6-month changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and insulin sensitivity were positively correlated (p=0.01). For Aβ42, plasma levels tended to decrease for the aerobic group relative to controls (p=0.07). The results of our study using rigorous controlled methodology suggest a cognition-enhancing effect of aerobic exercise for older glucose intolerant adults. Although replication in a larger sample is needed, our findings potentially have important therapeutic implications for a growing number of adults at increased risk of cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Baker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Oh ES, Mielke MM, Rosenberg PB, Jain A, Fedarko NS, Lyketsos CG, Mehta PD. Comparison of conventional ELISA with electrochemiluminescence technology for detection of amyloid-β in plasma. J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 21:769-73. [PMID: 20634583 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2010-100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Plasma amyloid-β (Aβ) level could be useful as a non-invasive biomarker in Alzheimer's disease research. We compared a multiplex electrochemiluminescence detection method with a well established ELISA method for plasma Aβ quantification. Compared to the ELISA method, the electrochemiluminescence detection method demonstrates a statistically significant, but modest correlation. The reasons for this may include the differences in the affinities of antibodies, and purity and source of Aβ peptides used as standards. However, the advantages of electrochemiluminescence detection technology include short processing time and small sample volume. This comparison demonstrates the need for a further study in optimizing this system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther S Oh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mosconi L, Glodzik L, Mistur R, mcHugh P, Rich KE, Javier E, Williams S, Pirraglia E, De Santi S, Mehta PD, Zinkowski R, Blennow K, Pratico D, de Leon MJ. Oxidative stress and amyloid-beta pathology in normal individuals with a maternal history of Alzheimer's. Biol Psychiatry 2010; 68:913-21. [PMID: 20817151 PMCID: PMC2967599 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Revised: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiology and imaging studies showed that cognitively normal (NL) individuals with a maternal history (MH) of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) might be at increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared with NL with a paternal history (PH) and NL with a negative family history of LOAD (NH). With a panel of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers, this study examined whether NL MH showed evidence for AD pathology compared with PH and NH. METHODS Fifty-nine 40-80-year-old NL subjects were examined, including 23 MH and 14 PH whose parents had a clinician-certified diagnosis of LOAD and 22 NH. All subjects completed clinical neuropsychological examinations and a lumbar puncture to measure CSF levels of amyloid-beta (Aβ(40), Aβ(42), Aβ(42/40)), total and hyperphosphorylated tau (T-Tau and P-Tau(231); markers of axonal degeneration and neurofibrillary tangles, respectively), and F₂-isoprostanes (IsoP) (a marker of oxidative stress). RESULTS Groups were comparable for demographic and neuropsychological measures. The MH subjects showed higher IsoP and reduced Aβ(42/40) CSF levels compared with NH and with PH (p values ≤ .05), whereas no differences were found between NH and PH. No group differences were found for P-Tau(231) and T-Tau. The IsoP and Aβ(42/40) levels were correlated only within the MH group (R² = .32, p = .005) and discriminated MH from the other subjects with 70% accuracy (relative risk = 3.7%, 95% confidence interval = 1.6-9.7, p < .001). Results remained significant controlling for age, gender, education, and apolipoprotein E genotype. CONCLUSIONS Adult children of LOAD-affected mothers express a pathobiological phenotype characterized by Aβ-associated oxidative stress consistent with AD, which might reflect increased risk for developing the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Mosconi
- Center for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.
| | - Lidia Glodzik
- New York University School of Medicine New York, NY 10016
| | - Rachel Mistur
- New York University School of Medicine New York, NY 10016
| | - Pauline mcHugh
- New York University School of Medicine New York, NY 10016
| | | | | | | | | | - Susan De Santi
- New York University School of Medicine New York, NY 10016,Bayer Health Care, Wayne, NJ 07470
| | | | | | - Kaj Blennow
- University of Goteborg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden SE-41685
| | | | - Mony J. de Leon
- New York University School of Medicine New York, NY 10016,Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chung E, Ji Y, Sun Y, Kascsak RJ, Kascsak RB, Mehta PD, Strittmatter SM, Wisniewski T. Anti-PrPC monoclonal antibody infusion as a novel treatment for cognitive deficits in an Alzheimer's disease model mouse. BMC Neurosci 2010; 11:130. [PMID: 20946660 PMCID: PMC2964735 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-11-130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common of the conformational neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the conversion of a normal biological protein into a β-sheet-rich pathological isoform. In AD the normal soluble Aβ (sAβ) forms oligomers and fibrils which assemble into neuritic plaques. The most toxic form of Aβ is thought to be oligomeric. A recent study reveals the cellular prion protein, PrPC, to be a receptor for Aβ oligomers. Aβ oligomers suppress LTP signal in murine hippocampal slices but activity remains when pretreated with the PrP monoclonal anti-PrP antibody, 6D11. We hypothesized that targeting of PrPC to prevent Aβ oligomer-related cognitive deficits is a potentially novel therapeutic approach. APP/PS1 transgenic mice aged 8 months were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with 1 mg 6D11 for 5 days/week for 2 weeks. Two wild-type control groups were given either the same 6D11 injections or vehicle solution. Additional groups of APP/PS1 transgenic mice were given either i.p. injections of vehicle solution or the same dose of mouse IgG over the same period. The mice were then subjected to cognitive behavioral testing using a radial arm maze, over a period of 10 days. At the conclusion of behavioral testing, animals were sacrificed and brain tissue was analyzed biochemically or immunohistochemically for the levels of amyloid plaques, PrPC, synaptophysin, Aβ40/42 and Aβ oligomers. RESULTS Behavioral testing showed a marked decrease in errors in 6D11 treated APP/PS1 Tg mice compared with the non-6D11 treated Tg groups (p < 0.0001). 6D11 treated APP/PS1 Tg mice behaved the same as wild-type controls indicating a recovery in cognitive learning, even after this short term 6D11 treatment. Brain tissue analysis from both treated and vehicle treated APP/PS1 groups indicate no significant differences in amyloid plaque burden, Aβ40/42, PrPC or Aβ oligomer levels. 6D11 treated APP/PS1 Tg mice had significantly greater synaptophysin immunoreactivity in the dentate gyrus molecular layer of the hippocampus compared to vehicle treated APP/PS1 Tg mice (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Even short term treatment with monoclonal antibodies such as 6D11 or other compounds which block the binding of Aβ oligomers to PrPC can be used to treat cognitive deficits in aged AD transgenic mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Chung
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Reitz C, Cheng R, Schupf N, Lee JH, Mehta PD, Rogaeva E, St George-Hyslop P, Mayeux R. Association between variants in IDE-KIF11-HHEX and plasma amyloid β levels. Neurobiol Aging 2010; 33:199.e13-7. [PMID: 20724036 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Revised: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Genetic linkage and association studies in late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) or its endophenotypes have pointed to several regions on chromosome 10q, among these the ∼ 250 kb linkage disequilibrium (LD) block harboring the genes IDE, KIF1, and HHEX. We explored the association between variants in the genomic region harboring the IDE-KIF11-HHEX complex with plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels in a case-control cohort of Caribbean Hispanics. First, we performed single marker linear regression analysis relating the individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels. Then we performed 3-SNP sliding window haplotype analyses, correcting all analyses for multiple testing. Out of 32 SNPs in this region, 3 SNPs in IDE (rs2421943, rs12264682, rs11187060) were associated with plasma Aβ40 or Aβ42 levels in single marker and haplotype analyses after correction for multiple testing. All these SNPs lie within the same LD block, and are in LD with the previously reported haplotypes. Our findings provide support for an association in the IDE region on chromosome 10q with Aβ40 and 42 levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Reitz
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Baker LD, Frank LL, Foster-Schubert K, Green PS, Wilkinson CW, McTiernan A, Plymate SR, Fishel MA, Watson GS, Cholerton BA, Duncan GE, Mehta PD, Craft S. Effects of aerobic exercise on mild cognitive impairment: a controlled trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 67:71-9. [PMID: 20065132 DOI: 10.1001/archneurol.2009.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 753] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the effects of aerobic exercise on cognition and other biomarkers associated with Alzheimer disease pathology for older adults with mild cognitive impairment, and assess the role of sex as a predictor of response. DESIGN Six-month, randomized, controlled, clinical trial. SETTING Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System clinical research unit. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-three adults (17 women) with amnestic mild cognitive impairment ranging in age from 55 to 85 years (mean age, 70 years). Intervention Participants were randomized either to a high-intensity aerobic exercise or stretching control group. The aerobic group exercised under the supervision of a fitness trainer at 75% to 85% of heart rate reserve for 45 to 60 min/d, 4 d/wk for 6 months. The control group carried out supervised stretching activities according to the same schedule but maintained their heart rate at or below 50% of their heart rate reserve. Before and after the study, glucometabolic and treadmill tests were performed and fat distribution was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. At baseline, month 3, and month 6, blood was collected for assay and cognitive tests were administered. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Performance measures on Symbol-Digit Modalities, Verbal Fluency, Stroop, Trails B, Task Switching, Story Recall, and List Learning. Fasting plasma levels of insulin, cortisol, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulinlike growth factor-I, and beta-amyloids 40 and 42. RESULTS Six months of high-intensity aerobic exercise had sex-specific effects on cognition, glucose metabolism, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and trophic activity despite comparable gains in cardiorespiratory fitness and body fat reduction. For women, aerobic exercise improved performance on multiple tests of executive function, increased glucose disposal during the metabolic clamp, and reduced fasting plasma levels of insulin, cortisol, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. For men, aerobic exercise increased plasma levels of insulinlike growth factor I and had a favorable effect only on Trails B performance. CONCLUSIONS This study provides support, using rigorous controlled methodology, for a potent nonpharmacologic intervention that improves executive control processes for older women at high risk of cognitive decline. Moreover, our results suggest that a sex bias in cognitive response may relate to sex-based differences in glucometabolic and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses to aerobic exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Baker
- Departments of Psychiatry and BehavioralScience, University of Washington School of Medicine,Seattle, Washington, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wisniewski T, Prelli F, Scholtzova H, Chung E, Mehta PD, Kascsak R, Kascsak R, Goni F. O2‐05‐03: Immunotherapy targeting abnormal protein conformation. Alzheimers Dement 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2009.05.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pankaj D. Mehta
- New York Staten Institute for Basic Research in Developmental DisabilitiesStaten IslandNYUSA
| | - Regina Kascsak
- New York Staten Institute for Basic Research in Developmental DisabilitiesStaten IslandNYUSA
| | - Richard Kascsak
- New York Staten Institute for Basic Research in Developmental DisabilitiesStaten IslandNYUSA
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Scholtzova H, Kascsak RJ, Bates KA, Boutajangout A, Kerr DJ, Meeker HC, Mehta PD, Spinner DS, Wisniewski T. O3‐06‐02: Toll‐like receptor 9 ligand CpG ODN as a new highly effective agent for prevention and/or treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2009.05.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard J. Kascsak
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental DisabilitiesNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Kristyn A. Bates
- School of ExerciseBiomedical and Health ScienceEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupAustralia
| | | | - Daniel J. Kerr
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental DisabilitiesNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Harry C. Meeker
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental DisabilitiesNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Pankaj D. Mehta
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental DisabilitiesNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Daryl S. Spinner
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental DisabilitiesNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- NYU School of MedicineDepartment of NeurologyNew YorkNYUSA
- NYU School of MedicineDepartment of PathologyNew YorkNYUSA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Okereke OI, Xia W, Irizarry MC, Sun X, Qiu WQ, Fagan AM, Mehta PD, Hyman BT, Selkoe DJ, Grodstein F. Performance characteristics of plasma amyloid-beta 40 and 42 assays. J Alzheimers Dis 2009; 16:277-85. [PMID: 19221417 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2009-0948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Identifying biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk will be critical to effective AD prevention. Levels of circulating amyloid-beta (Abeta) 40 and 42 may be candidate biomarkers. However, properties of plasma Abeta assays must be established. Using five different protocols, blinded samples were used to assess: intra-assay reproducibility; impact of EDTA vs. heparin anticoagulant tubes; and effect of time-to-blood processing. In addition, percent recovery of known Abeta concentrations in spiked samples was assessed. Median intra-assay coefficients of variation for the assay protocols ranged from 6-24% for Abeta(40), and 8-14% for Abeta(42). There were no systematic differences in reproducibility by collection method. Plasma concentrations of Abeta (particularly Abeta(42) appeared stable in whole blood kept in ice packs and processed as long as 24 hours after collection. Recovery of expected concentrations was modest, ranging from -24% to 44% recovery of Abeta(40), and 17% to 61% of Abeta(42). In conclusion, across five protocols, plasma Abeta(40) and Abeta(42) levels were measured with generally low error, and measurements appeared similar in blood collected in EDTA versus heparin. While these preliminary findings suggest that measuring plasma Abeta(40) and Abeta(42) may be feasible in varied research settings, additional work in this area is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia I Okereke
- Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Verwey NA, van der Flier WM, Blennow K, Clark C, Sokolow S, De Deyn PP, Galasko D, Hampel H, Hartmann T, Kapaki E, Lannfelt L, Mehta PD, Parnetti L, Petzold A, Pirttila T, Saleh L, Skinningsrud A, Swieten JCV, Verbeek MM, Wiltfang J, Younkin S, Scheltens P, Blankenstein MA. A worldwide multicentre comparison of assays for cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease. Ann Clin Biochem 2009; 46:235-40. [PMID: 19342441 DOI: 10.1258/acb.2009.008232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-beta 1-42 (Abeta(1-42)), total Tau (Tau) and Tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (P-Tau) levels are reported, but currently there is a lack of quality control programmes. The aim of this study was to compare the measurements of these CSF biomarkers, between and within centres. METHODS Three CSF-pool samples were distributed to 13 laboratories in 2004 and the same samples were again distributed to 18 laboratories in 2008. In 2004 six laboratories measured Abeta(1-42), Tau and P-Tau and seven laboratories measured one or two of these marker(s) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). In 2008, 12 laboratories measured all three markers, three laboratories measured one or two marker(s) by ELISAs and three laboratories measured the markers by Luminex. RESULTS In 2004, the ELISA intercentre coefficients of variance (interCV) were 31%, 21% and 13% for Abeta(1-42), Tau and P-Tau, respectively. These were 37%, 16% and 15%, respectively, in 2008. When we restricted the analysis to the Innotest (N = 13) for Abeta(1-42), lower interCV were calculated (22%). The centres that participated in both years (N = 9) showed interCVs of 21%, 15% and 9% and intra-centre coefficients (intraCV) of variance of 25%,18% and 7% in 2008. CONCLUSIONS The highest variability was found for Abeta(1-42). The variabilities for Tau and P-Tau were lower in both years. The centres that participated in both years showed a high intraCV comparable to their interCV, indicating that there is not only a high variation between but also within centres. Besides a uniform standardization of (pre)analytical procedures, the same assay should be used to decrease the inter/intracentre variation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N A Verwey
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, , HV, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mehta PD, Patrick BA, Mehta SP, Barshatzky M, Dalton AJ. Relationship between Amyloid β (Aβ) Protein and Inflammatory Markers in Down Syndrome (DS) (98.19). The Journal of Immunology 2009. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.98.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Brain autopsy data from persons with DS showed that the neuropathology of Alzheimer disease (AD) is always present in DS 40 years of age and older. The core protein of the neuritic plaque is Aβ protein. Studies have suppoted the role of immune abnormalities and inflammation in the pathogenesis of DS. We hypothesized that the levels of TNFα and Cystatin C would be higher in DS than controls, and would correlate with Aβ levels. The study included 40 persons with DS (44±8 years old) and age-matched controls. Plasma levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42 , TNFα and Cystatin C were quantitated by using an ELISA. Aβ40 and Aβ42, TNFα and Cystatin C levels were higher in DS than controls (p<.001). Although there was significant relation between Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels (r=.6; p<.01)in DS, there was no relation between Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels with TNFα or Cystatin C. The higher TNFαand Cystatin C levels indicate a chronic state of immune activation in DS. Because there was no relation between Aβ and TNFα or Cyststin C the data suggests that increases in TNFα and Cystatin C reflect more infections in DS than AD neuropathology.
Collapse
|
32
|
Verdile G, Yeap BB, Clarnette RM, Dhaliwal S, Burkhardt MS, Chubb SP, De Ruyck K, Rodrigues M, Mehta PD, Foster JK, Bruce DG, Martins RN. Luteinizing Hormone Levels Are Positively Correlated with Plasma Amyloid-β Protein Levels in Elderly Men. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 14:201-8. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-2008-14208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Verdile
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Hollywood Private Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia, 6009
- School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Bu B. Yeap
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, WA 6959, Australia
| | - Roger M. Clarnette
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Hollywood Private Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia, 6009
- School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, WA 6959, Australia
| | | | - Melanie S. Burkhardt
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Hollywood Private Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia, 6009
- School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
- School of Psychology, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - S.A Paul Chubb
- Department of Biochemistry, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, WA 6959, Australia
| | - Karl De Ruyck
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Hollywood Private Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia, 6009
- School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Mark Rodrigues
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Hollywood Private Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia, 6009
- School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Pankaj D. Mehta
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314-6399, USA
| | - Jonathan K. Foster
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Hollywood Private Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia, 6009
- School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - David G. Bruce
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, WA 6959, Australia
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, Hollywood Private Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia, 6009
- School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lopez OL, Kuller LH, Mehta PD, Becker JT, Gach HM, Sweet RA, Chang YF, Tracy R, DeKosky ST. Plasma amyloid levels and the risk of AD in normal subjects in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Neurology 2008; 70:1664-71. [PMID: 18401021 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000306696.82017.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between incident Alzheimer disease (AD), and plasma A beta 1-40 and A beta 1-42 levels in normal and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects in a subgroup of participants of the Cardiovascular Health Study Cognition Study. METHODS We determined the plasma A beta 1-40 and A beta 1-42 levels of 274 nondemented subjects (232 normals and 42 with MCI) in 1998-1999 and repeated the measurements in 2002-2003. The mean age of the subjects at baseline was 79.3 +/- 3.6 years. We examined the association between A beta levels and incident AD over the ensuing 4.5 years, controlling for age, cystatin C level (marker of glomerular function), apolipoprotein E-4 allele, Modified-Mini-Mental State Examination scores, and MRI-identified infarcts. RESULTS In an unadjusted prospective model in normal subjects, both A beta 1-40 and A beta 1-42 levels in 1998-1999 were associated with incident AD (n = 55) in 2002-2003 (longitudinal analysis). In the fully adjusted multivariate model, neither A beta 1-42 nor A beta 1-40 nor their ratio was associated with incident AD. However, adjustment had a very small effect on point estimates for A beta 1-42, from an odds ratio (OR) of 1.61 (p = 0.007) in the unadjusted model to an OR of 1.46 (p = 0.08) in the fully adjusted model. In 2002-2003 (cross-sectional analysis), only the unadjusted models showed that both peptides were associated with AD. CONCLUSIONS Plasma A beta levels are affected by age and by systemic and CNS vascular risk factors. After controlling for these conditions, A beta-40 and A beta 1-42 are weak predictors of conversion to Alzheimer disease (AD) in normal subjects and are only weakly associated with AD in cross-sectional analysis. Consequently, plasma levels of A beta do not seem to be useful biomarkers for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O L Lopez
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mosconi L, De Santi S, Brys M, Tsui WH, Pirraglia E, Glodzik-Sobanska L, Rich KE, Switalski R, Mehta PD, Pratico D, Zinkowski R, Blennow K, de Leon MJ. Hypometabolism and altered cerebrospinal fluid markers in normal apolipoprotein E E4 carriers with subjective memory complaints. Biol Psychiatry 2008; 63:609-18. [PMID: 17720148 PMCID: PMC2386268 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2007] [Revised: 05/16/2007] [Accepted: 05/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined whether cerebral metabolic rates for glucose (CMRglc) on 2-[(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are altered in cognitively normal apolipoprotein E (ApoE) E4 carriers with subjective memory complaints (SMC). METHODS Twenty-eight middle-aged normal subjects (NL) were examined, including 13 E4 carriers (E4+; 6 with SMC [SMC+] and 7 without SMC [SMC-]) and 15 noncarriers (E4-; 7 SMC+ and 8 SMC-). Subjects received an FDG-PET scan and a lumbar puncture to measure CSF total (T-Tau) and hyperphosphorylated tau(231) (P-Tau), 40 and 42 amino acid forms of beta-amyloid (Abeta40 and Abeta42), and F(2)-isoprostane (IP). RESULTS As compared with E4-, E4+ subjects showed decreased CMRglc in AD-related brain regions and associated higher CSF IP, P-Tau, T-Tau, and P-Tau/Abeta42 levels (p's < .05). As compared with SMC-, SMC+ subjects showed reduced parietotemporal and parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) CMRglc. A significant ApoE by SMC status interaction was found, with the E4+/SMC+ showing the lowest PHG CMRglc and the highest CSF IP, P-Tau, and P-Tau/Abeta42 levels as compared with all other subgroups (p's < or = .05). The combination of CSF and CMRglc measures significantly improved the accuracy of either measures alone in discriminating ApoE groups (86% accuracy, odds ratio [OR] = 4.1, p < .001) and E4+/SMC+ from all other subgroups (86% accuracy, OR = 3.7, p = .005). Parahippocampal gyrus CMRglc was the most accurate discriminator of SMC groups (75% accuracy, OR = 2.4, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Normal E4 carriers with SMC show altered AD-related CSF and FDG-PET measures. Longitudinal studies are needed to assess whether these brain abnormalities foreshadow clinical decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Mosconi
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Mehta PD, Patrick BA, Dalton AJ. TNF α and IGF‐I levels in Down Syndrome (DS). FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.665.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
36
|
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects cognition, behavior and function. The etiology of the disease is unknown, however, the Primary Risk Factors for AD are aging, and family history. Neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and amyloid-bearing neuritic plaques in the limbic and cerebral cortices are the characteristic neuropathologic lesions in brains of patients with AD. The NFT is mainly composed of hyprephosphorylated tau, whereas the major component of the neuritic plaques is the amyloid beta (Abeta) protein. The clinical diagnosis of probable AD is based on history, physical examination, neuropsychological testing, laboratory studies and neuroimaging techniques. However, there is no specific laboratory marker to support the diagnosis of definite AD or monitoring the progression of the disease. Several biochemical markers related to neuropathology have been identified in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We describe the studies of CSF or blood levels of amyloid beta protein in patients with AD and age-matched nondemented controls. Due to the heterogeneity and complex nature of the disease, it is highly unlikely that that a single marker specific for AD will be found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj D Mehta
- NY State Institute for Basic Research, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Schupf N, Patel B, Pang D, Zigman WB, Silverman W, Mehta PD, Mayeux R. Elevated plasma beta-amyloid peptide Abeta(42) levels, incident dementia, and mortality in Down syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 64:1007-13. [PMID: 17620492 PMCID: PMC2587094 DOI: 10.1001/archneur.64.7.1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deposition of the beta-amyloid peptide Abeta(42) is thought to be an important initial step in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). Individuals with Down syndrome have increased levels of beta-amyloid peptides and an increased risk for AD. OBJECTIVE To examine the relation of plasma levels of Abeta(42) and Abeta(40) to the risk of dementia in nondemented participants and all-cause mortality in adults with Down syndrome. DESIGN Prospective, community-based longitudinal cohort study. SETTING State and voluntary service providers in New York State. PARTICIPANTS Adults with Down syndrome (N = 204). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Plasma Abeta(42) and Abeta(40) levels were measured at initial examination. Participants were assessed for cognitive and functional abilities, behavioral/psychiatric conditions, and health and vital status at 14- to 18-month intervals for 4 cycles of data collection. RESULTS Among participants who were nondemented at baseline, those in the middle and highest tertiles of plasma Abeta(42) levels were more than 2 times as likely to develop AD as those in the lowest tertile. Compared with participants without AD, participants with prevalent AD had higher levels of plasma Abeta(42) but not Abeta(40). Among all participants, those in the highest tertile of plasma Abeta(42) level at baseline were more than twice as likely to die during the study period as those in the lowest tertile, whereas there was no difference in risk of death between those in the middle and lowest tertiles of plasma Abeta(42) level. CONCLUSION Elevations in plasma Abeta(42) peptide levels are associated with earlier onset of AD and increased risk of death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Schupf
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, PO Box 16, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Watson GS, Green PS, Baker LD, Rhoads KW, Cholerton BA, Reger MA, Belongia DA, Fishel MA, Kahn SE, Plymate SR, Chea HK, Mehta PD, Craft S. P‐206: Pioglitazone modulates plasma levels of β‐amyloid in glucose intolerant older adults. Alzheimers Dement 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2007.04.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura D. Baker
- VA Puget Sound HCSSeattleWAUSA
- University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Mark A. Fishel
- VA Puget Sound HCSSeattleWAUSA
- University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Steven E. Kahn
- VA Puget Sound HCSSeattleWAUSA
- University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | | | | | - Pankaj D. Mehta
- Institute for Basic Research in Developmental DisabilitiesStaten IslandNYUSA
| | - Suzanne Craft
- VA Puget Sound HCSSeattleWAUSA
- University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pijnenburg YAL, Schoonenboom SNM, Mehta PD, Mehta SP, Mulder C, Veerhuis R, Blankenstein MA, Scheltens P. Decreased cerebrospinal fluid amyloid beta (1-40) levels in frontotemporal lobar degeneration. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007; 78:735-7. [PMID: 17371907 PMCID: PMC2117666 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2006.105064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The role of amyloid metabolism in the pathophysiology of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) has yet to be elucidated. We compared CSF levels of amyloid beta 1-40 (Abeta40) and amyloid beta 1-42 (Abeta42) in patients with FTLD (n = 21) versus patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD, n = 39) and in control subjects (n = 30). While in AD cases Abeta42 levels were lower and CSF Abeta40 levels equal to those in controls, a significant decrease in Abeta40 and increase in the CSF Abeta42/Abeta40 ratio was observed in FTLD compared with AD and control subjects. These findings favour a differential involvement of amyloid beta peptides in FTLD compared with AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y A L Pijnenburg
- Alzheimer Centre and Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Centre, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
de Leon MJ, Mosconi L, Blennow K, DeSanti S, Zinkowski R, Mehta PD, Pratico D, Tsui W, Saint Louis LA, Sobanska L, Brys M, Li Y, Rich K, Rinne J, Rusinek H. Imaging and CSF studies in the preclinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1097:114-45. [PMID: 17413016 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1379.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
It is widely believed that the path to early and effective treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD) requires the development of early diagnostic markers that are both sensitive and specific. To this aim, using longitudinal study designs, we and others have examined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG/PET), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in cognitively normal elderly (NL) subjects and in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Such investigations have led to the often replicated findings that structural evidence of hippocampal atrophy as determined by MRI, as well as metabolic evidence from FDG-PET scan of hippocampal damage, predicts the conversion from MCI to AD. In this article we present a growing body of evidence of even earlier diagnosis. Brain pathology can be detected in NL subjects and used to predict future transition to MCI. This prediction is enabled by examinations revealing reduced glucose metabolism in the hippocampal formation (hippocampus and entorhinal cortex [EC]) as well as by the rate of medial temporal lobe atrophy as determined by MRI. However, neither regional atrophy nor glucose metabolism reductions are specific for AD. These measures provide secondary not primary evidence for AD. Consequently, we will also summarize recent efforts to improve the diagnostic specificity by combining imaging with CSF biomarkers and most recently by evaluating amyloid imaging using PET. We conclude that the combined use of conventional imaging, that is MRI or FDG-PET, with selected CSF biomarkers incrementally contributes to the early and specific diagnosis of AD. Moreover, selected combinations of imaging and CSF biomarkers measures are of importance in monitoring the course of AD and thus relevant to evaluating clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J de Leon
- Center for Brain Health, NYU School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 560 First Ave., New York 10016, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wegiel J, Kuchna I, Nowicki K, Frackowiak J, Mazur-Kolecka B, Imaki H, Wegiel J, Mehta PD, Silverman WP, Reisberg B, Deleon M, Wisniewski T, Pirttilla T, Frey H, Lehtimäki T, Kivimäki T, Visser FE, Kamphorst W, Potempska A, Bolton D, Currie JR, Miller DL. Intraneuronal Abeta immunoreactivity is not a predictor of brain amyloidosis-beta or neurofibrillary degeneration. Acta Neuropathol 2007; 113:389-402. [PMID: 17237937 PMCID: PMC1824787 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-006-0191-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2006] [Revised: 12/22/2006] [Accepted: 12/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Abeta) immunoreactivity in neurons was examined in brains of 32 control subjects, 31 people with Down syndrome, and 36 patients with sporadic Alzheimer's disease to determine if intraneuronal Abeta immunoreactivity is an early manifestation of Alzheimer-type pathology leading to fibrillar plaque formation and/or neurofibrillary degeneration. The appearance of Abeta immunoreactivity in neurons in infants and stable neuron-type specific Abeta immunoreactivity in a majority of brain structures during late childhood, adulthood, and normal aging does not support this hypothesis. The absence or detection of only traces of reaction with antibodies against 4-13 aa and 8-17 aa of Abeta in neurons indicated that intraneuronal Abeta was mainly a product of alpha- and gamma-secretases (Abeta(17-40/42)). The presence of N-terminally truncated Abeta(17-40) and Abeta(17-42) in the control brains was confirmed by Western blotting and the identity of Abeta(17-40) was confirmed by mass spectrometry. The prevalence of products of alpha- and gamma -secretases in neurons and beta- and gamma-secretases in plaques argues against major contribution of Abeta-immunopositive material detected in neuronal soma to amyloid deposit in plaques. The strongest intraneuronal Abeta(17-42) immunoreactivity was observed in structures with low susceptibility to fibrillar Abeta deposition, neurofibrillary degeneration, and neuronal loss compared to areas more vulnerable to Alzheimer-type pathology. These observations indicate that the intraneuronal Abeta immunoreactivity detected in this study is not a predictor of brain amyloidosis or neurofibrillary degeneration. The constant level of Abeta immunoreactivity in structures free from neuronal pathology during essentially the entire life span suggests that intraneuronal amino-terminally truncated Abeta represents a product of normal neuronal metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Wegiel
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY, 10314, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mehta PD, Mehta SP, Capone G. Increased Amyloid β Protein Levels in Children with Down Syndrome (129.47). The Journal of Immunology 2007. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.129.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective: To quantitate plasma amyloid β protein (Aβ)40, Aβ42, and neopterin levels in Down Syndrome (DS) children and controls.
Background: DS persons (>40 years) have neuropathological changes characteristic of Alzheimer disease (AD). Soluble forms of Aβ generated from amyloid precursor protein (APP) end at C-terminal residues 40 and 42. Neopterin is an immune activation marker for the cell-mediated immune response.
Design/Methods: Blood was collected from DS (N = 35; 7 ± 3.8 years old) and their siblings (N = 34; 10 ± 4.5). Plasma Aβ40, Aβ42, and neopterin levels were quantitated by ELISA.
Results: Aβ40 (Mean ± SD; 277 ± 70 pg/ml) and Aβ42 (31 ± 8 pg/ml) levels were higher in DS children than controls (Aβ40 155 ± 35 pg/ml, Aβ42 22 ± 5 pg/ml) (p<.0001). There were significant negative correlations between age and Aβ40 in DS (r=.47, p<.004) or controls (r=.38, p<.026) and Aβ42 levels in DS (r=.61, p<.001) but not in controls. Neopterin levels were higher in DS (3.01 ± 1.37 ng/ml) than controls (1.57 ± 0.65 ng/ml) (p<.0001). There was no correlation between neopterin levels and age, and Aβ40 or Aβ42 levels in DS or controls.
Conclusion: The overexpression of APP gene in DS leads to increases in plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels before plaque formation in DS brain. A lack of correlation between neopterin and Aβ levels suggests that higher neopterin concentrations in DS reflect inflammatory cell activation rather than AD neuropathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj D Mehta
- 1Immunology, Institute For Basic Research, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, New York, 10314,
| | - Sangita P Mehta
- 1Immunology, Institute For Basic Research, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, New York, 10314,
| | - George Capone
- 2Kennedy Krieger Institute, 707 N Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
There is a continuing interest in the immunochemical quantification of isoforms of amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) in body fluids of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, at present there is no general procedure to produce and test the required antibodies. We examined various methods to generate rabbit anti-Abeta; antibodies that are specific for Abeta(38), Abeta(40) and Abeta(42), and we tested their specificity and sensitivity by ELISA and Western blotting. To produce high-affinity antibodies required repeated inoculations of small doses of peptide conjugates over a period of at least 6 months. Antibodies generated to peptides derived from the Abeta(42) sequence showed some cross-reactivity with Abeta(40), but antibodies generated to Abeta4 peptides did not cross-react with Abeta(42). The shortest peptide capable of generating antibodies of moderate affinity possessed the sequence Met(35)-Ala(42); however, antibodies raised to the peptide Gly(33)-Ala(42) possessed the greatest affinity (K(D) = 1 nM) and specificity for Abeta(42). The latter antibodies were over 50,000-fold more reactive with Abeta(42) than with Abeta(40). They can detect Abeta isoforms in extracts of normal brain, where the peptides are present at levels below one part per billion. Our results provide methods to generate and characterize the specificity and affinity of anti-Abeta antibodies. This information is necessary to develop sensitive and specific immunoassays to quantify Abeta isoforms in brain extracts and in body fluids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David L Miller
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities. Staten Island, NY 10314, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mehta PD, Capone G, Jewell A, Freedland RL. Increased amyloid beta protein levels in children and adolescents with Down syndrome. J Neurol Sci 2007; 254:22-7. [PMID: 17275850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2006.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2006] [Revised: 12/01/2006] [Accepted: 12/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons with Down syndrome (DS) (40 years and older) have neuropathological changes characteristic of Alzheimer disease (AD). Soluble forms of amyloid beta (Abeta) peptide generated from amyloid precursor protein (APP) end at C-terminal residues 40 and 42. The presence of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) epsilon4 allele is a significant risk factor for the development of sporadic AD. Although preliminary studies have shown an association of plasma Abeta42 and ApoE epsilon4 allele in older persons with DS who have dementia, the relationship between plasma Abeta40 and Abeta42 levels and ApoE phenotypes in children with DS has not been examined. Inflammation might play a role in the growth of DS brains. Neopterin is an immune activation marker for the cell-mediated immune response. OBJECTIVE To examine the levels of plasma Abeta40, Abeta42, and neopterin in children or adolescents with DS or controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood was collected from DS (N=35; 7+/-3.8 years old) and their siblings (N=34; 10+/-4.5). Plasma Abeta40 and Abeta42, and neopterin levels were quantitated by sandwich ELISA. RESULTS Abeta40 and Abeta42 levels were higher in DS than controls. The ratio of Abeta42/Abeta40 was lower in DS than in controls. There were significant negative correlations between age and Abeta40 in DS and controls, and between age and Abeta42 levels in DS but not in controls. There was no association of Abeta40 or Abeta42 levels with Apo E in either group. Neopterin levels were higher in DS than controls, and the levels were not correlated with Abeta40 and Abeta42 levels in DS or controls. CONCLUSIONS The over expression of APP gene in DS leads to increases in plasma Abeta40 and Abeta42 levels before plaque formation in DS brain. Higher neopterin concentrations in DS reflect inflammatory cell activation. Further studies are needed to determine whether DS children with lower plasma Abeta42/Abeta40 ratios are at increased risk of developing AD during aging than those with higher ratios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj D Mehta
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Infant Development, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314-6399, United States.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Elfenbein HA, Rosen RF, Stephens SL, Switzer RC, Smith Y, Pare J, Mehta PD, Warzok R, Walker LC. Cerebral beta-amyloid angiopathy in aged squirrel monkeys. Histol Histopathol 2006; 22:155-67. [PMID: 17149688 DOI: 10.14670/hh-22.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral beta-amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is an age-related disorder of the brain vasculature that is involved in up to 20% of non-traumatic cerebral hemorrhage in humans. CAA is a risk factor for cognitive decline, and may exacerbate the dementia of Alzheimer's disease. Progress in discovering the cause and potential therapies for this disorder has been hindered by the paucity of animal models, particularly models of idiopathic CAA. The squirrel monkey (Saimiri spp) develops significant CAA in the natural course of aging. To evaluate the suitability of Saimiri as a model of human CAA, we studied the distribution and composition of Abeta subtypes in CAA and parenchymal (senile plaque) deposits in the brains of aged squirrel monkeys, as well as the relationship between vascular beta-amyloid deposition and comorbid vasculopathies that occur in aged humans. Our findings show that: 1) CAA consists ultrastructurally of classical amyloid fibrils and is the principal type of cerebral beta-amyloidosis in squirrel monkeys; 2) The two primary isoforms of Abeta (Abeta40 and Abeta42) coexist in most microvascular and parenchymal lesions of Saimiri, although Abeta40 tends to predominate in larger arterioles; 3) CAA and parenchymal plaques overlap to a considerable degree in most affected brain areas, and are distributed symmetrically in the two hemispheres; 4) Both CAA and plaques are particularly abundant in rostral regions and comparatively sparse in the occipital lobe; 5) Capillaries are especially vulnerable to CAA in squirrel monkeys; and 6) When CAA is severe, it is associated with a small, but significant, increase in other vasculopathies, including microhemorrhage, fibrinoid extravasation and focal gliosis. These findings, in the context of genetic, vascular and immunologic similarities between squirrel monkeys and humans, support the squirrel monkey as a biologically advantageous model for studying the basic biology of idiopathic, age-related CAA, and for testing emerging therapies for human beta-amyloidoses such as Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H A Elfenbein
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sadowski MJ, Pankiewicz J, Scholtzova H, Mehta PD, Prelli F, Quartermain D, Wisniewski T. Blocking the apolipoprotein E/amyloid-beta interaction as a potential therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:18787-92. [PMID: 17116874 PMCID: PMC1654132 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0604011103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid-beta (Abeta) cascade hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) maintains that accumulation of Abeta peptide constitutes a critical event in the early disease pathogenesis. The direct binding between Abeta and apolipoprotein E (apoE) is an important factor implicated in both Abeta clearance and its deposition in the brain's parenchyma and the walls of meningoencephalic vessels as cerebral amyloid angiopathy. With the aim of testing the effect of blocking the apoE/Abeta interaction in vivo as a potential novel therapeutic target for AD pharmacotherapy, we have developed Abeta12-28P, which is a blood-brain-barrier-permeable nontoxic, and nonfibrillogenic synthetic peptide homologous to the apoE binding site on the full-length Abeta. Abeta12-28P binds with high affinity to apoE, preventing its binding to Abeta, but has no direct effect on Abeta aggregation. Abeta12-28P shows a strong pharmacological effect in vivo. Its systemic administration resulted in a significant reduction of Abeta plaques and cerebral amyloid angiopathy burden and a reduction of the total brain level of Abeta in two AD transgenic mice models. The treatment did not affect the levels of soluble Abeta fraction or Abeta oligomers, indicating that inhibition of the apoE/Abeta interaction in vivo has a net effect of increasing Abeta clearance over deposition and at the same time does not create conditions favoring formation of toxic oligomers. Furthermore, behavioral studies demonstrated that treatment with Abeta12-28P prevents a memory deficit in transgenic animals. These findings provide evidence of another therapeutic approach for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin J. Sadowski
- *Departments of Neurology
- Psychiatry, and
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
| | | | | | - Pankaj D. Mehta
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314
| | | | | | - Thomas Wisniewski
- *Departments of Neurology
- Psychiatry, and
- Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016; and
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zetterberg H, Hietala MA, Jonsson M, Andreasen N, Styrud E, Karlsson I, Edman A, Popa C, Rasulzada A, Wahlund LO, Mehta PD, Rosengren L, Blennow K, Wallin A. Neurochemical aftermath of amateur boxing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 63:1277-80. [PMID: 16966505 DOI: 10.1001/archneur.63.9.1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little solid information is available on the possible risks for neuronal injury in amateur boxing. OBJECTIVE To determine whether amateur boxing and severity of hits are associated with elevated levels of biochemical markers for neuronal injury in cerebrospinal fluid. DESIGN Longitudinal study. SETTING Referral center specializing in evaluation of neurodegenerative disorders. PARTICIPANTS Fourteen amateur boxers (11 men and 3 women) and 10 healthy male nonathletic control subjects. INTERVENTIONS The boxers underwent lumbar puncture 7 to 10 days and 3 months after a bout. The control subjects underwent LP once. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Neurofilament light protein, total tau, glial fibrillary acidic protein, phosphorylated tau, and beta-amyloid protein 1-40 (Abeta([1-40])) and 1-42 (Abeta([1-42])) concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid were measured. RESULTS Increased levels after a bout compared with after 3 months of rest from boxing were found for 2 markers for neuronal and axonal injury, neurofilament light protein (mean +/- SD, 845 +/- 1140 ng/L vs 208 +/- 108 ng/L; P = .008) and total tau (mean +/- SD, 449 +/- 176 ng/L vs 306 +/- 78 ng/L; P = .006), and for the astroglial injury marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (mean +/- SD, 541 +/- 199 ng/L vs 405 +/- 138 ng/L; P = .003). The increase was significantly higher among boxers who had received many hits (>15) or high-impact hits to the head compared with boxers who reported few hits. In the boxers, concentrations of neurofilament light protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein, but not total tau, were significantly elevated after a bout compared with the nonathletic control subjects. With the exception of neurofilament light protein, there were no significant differences between boxers after 3 months of rest from boxing and the nonathletic control subjects. CONCLUSIONS Amateur boxing is associated with acute neuronal and astroglial injury. If verified in longitudinal studies with extensive follow-up regarding the clinical outcome, analyses of cerebrospinal fluid may provide a scientific basis for medical counseling of athletes after boxing or head injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mehta PD, Pirttila T. Increased cerebrospinal fluid A beta38/A beta42 ratio in Alzheimer disease. NEURODEGENER DIS 2006; 2:242-5. [PMID: 16909004 DOI: 10.1159/000090363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2005] [Accepted: 09/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We quantitated amyloid beta peptide (A beta) 38, A beta40 and A beta42 levels in matched CSF and plasma from Alzheimer disease (AD) patients and controls. CSF A beta38 and A beta40 levels were similar in AD patients and in controls; however, they were higher in controls with APOE upsilon4 allele than those without. CSF A beta42 levels were lower in AD patients than in controls. The CSF A beta38/42 ratio was higher in AD patients than controls, consistent with the previously reported higher A beta40/42 ratio. A beta38, A beta40 and A beta42 levels in plasma were similar in AD patients and in controls and showed no relationship to levels in CSF. Our findings suggest that the increased CSF A beta38/42 ratio found in AD patients is derived entirely from reduction of CSF A beta42 levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj D Mehta
- Institute for Basic Research, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Schupf N, Patel BP, Pang D, Zigman WB, Silverman W, Mehta PD, Mayeux RP. O2–06–01: Elevated plasma amyloid β–peptide Aβ42, incident dementia and mortality in down syndrome. Alzheimers Dement 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2006.05.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Warren B. Zigman
- NYS Institute for Research on Developmental DisabilitiesStaten IslandNew YorkUSA
| | - Wayne Silverman
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Pankaj D. Mehta
- NYS Institute for Research on Developmental DisabilitiesStaten IslandNew YorkUSA
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Christiansson M, Källen Å, Zetterberg H, Hietala A, Popa C, Rasulzada A, Styrud E, Jonsson M, Andreasen N, Wahlund LO, Mehta PD, Rosengren L, Wallin A, Blennow K. P1–370: Monitoring the biochemical aftermath of boxing by cerebrospinal fluid analyses. Alzheimers Dement 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2006.05.748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|