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Ma Q, Zhao Z, Sagare AP, Wu Y, Wang M, Owens NC, Verghese PB, Herz J, Holtzman DM, Zlokovic BV. Correction: Blood-brain barrier-associated pericytes internalize and clear aggregated amyloid-β42 by LRP1-dependent apolipoprotein E isoform-specific mechanism. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:27. [PMID: 38519970 PMCID: PMC10960407 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00716-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyi Ma
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Neonatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Abhay P Sagare
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Yingxi Wu
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Min Wang
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Nelly Chuqui Owens
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | | | - Joachim Herz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics and Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Berislav V Zlokovic
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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Meyer MR, Kirmess KM, Eastwood S, Wente-Roth TL, Irvin F, Holubasch MS, Venkatesh V, Fogelman I, Monane M, Hanna L, Rabinovici GD, Siegel BA, Whitmer RA, Apgar C, Bateman RJ, Holtzman DM, Irizarry M, Verbel D, Sachdev P, Ito S, Contois J, Yarasheski KE, Braunstein JB, Verghese PB, West T. Clinical validation of the PrecivityAD2 blood test: A mass spectrometry-based test with algorithm combining %p-tau217 and Aβ42/40 ratio to identify presence of brain amyloid. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 38491912 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the availability of disease-modifying therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD), it is important for clinicians to have tests to aid in AD diagnosis, especially when the presence of amyloid pathology is a criterion for receiving treatment. METHODS High-throughput, mass spectrometry-based assays were used to measure %p-tau217 and amyloid beta (Aβ)42/40 ratio in blood samples from 583 individuals with suspected AD (53% positron emission tomography [PET] positive by Centiloid > 25). An algorithm (PrecivityAD2 test) was developed using these plasma biomarkers to identify brain amyloidosis by PET. RESULTS The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) for %p-tau217 (0.94) was statistically significantly higher than that for p-tau217 concentration (0.91). The AUC-ROC for the PrecivityAD2 test output, the Amyloid Probability Score 2, was 0.94, yielding 88% agreement with amyloid PET. Diagnostic performance of the APS2 was similar by ethnicity, sex, age, and apoE4 status. DISCUSSION The PrecivityAD2 blood test showed strong clinical validity, with excellent agreement with brain amyloidosis by PET.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lucy Hanna
- Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | - Barry A Siegel
- School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Charles Apgar
- American College of Radiology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - David M Holtzman
- School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tim West
- C2N Diagnostics, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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3
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Cook JD, Malik A, Plante DT, Norton D, Langhough Koscik R, Du L, Bendlin BB, Kirmess KM, Holubasch MS, Meyer MR, Venkatesh V, West T, Verghese PB, Yarasheski KE, Thomas KV, Carlsson CM, Asthana S, Johnson SC, Gleason CE, Zuelsdorff M. Associations of sleep duration and daytime sleepiness with plasma amyloid beta and cognitive performance in cognitively unimpaired, middle-aged and older African Americans. Sleep 2024; 47:zsad302. [PMID: 38011629 PMCID: PMC10782500 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Given the established racial disparities in both sleep health and dementia risk for African American populations, we assess cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of self-report sleep duration (SRSD) and daytime sleepiness with plasma amyloid beta (Aβ) and cognition in an African American (AA) cohort. METHODS In a cognitively unimpaired sample drawn from the African Americans Fighting Alzheimer's in Midlife (AA-FAiM) study, data on SRSD, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, demographics, and cognitive performance were analyzed. Aβ40, Aβ42, and the Aβ42/40 ratio were quantified from plasma samples. Cross-sectional analyses explored associations between baseline predictors and outcome measures. Linear mixed-effect regression models estimated associations of SRSD and daytime sleepiness with plasma Aβ and cognitive performance levels and change over time. RESULTS One hundred and forty-seven participants comprised the cross-sectional sample. Baseline age was 63.2 ± 8.51 years. 69.6% self-identified as female. SRSD was 6.4 ± 1.1 hours and 22.4% reported excessive daytime sleepiness. The longitudinal dataset included 57 participants. In fully adjusted models, neither SRSD nor daytime sleepiness is associated with cross-sectional or longitudinal Aβ. Associations with level and trajectory of cognitive test performance varied by measure of sleep health. CONCLUSIONS SRSD was below National Sleep Foundation recommendations and daytime sleepiness was prevalent in this cohort. In the absence of observed associations with plasma Aβ, poorer self-reported sleep health broadly predicted poorer cognitive function but not accelerated decline. Future research is necessary to understand and address modifiable sleep mechanisms as they relate to cognitive aging in AA at disproportionate risk for dementia. CLINICAL TRIAL INFORMATION Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D Cook
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Madison VA GRECC, William S. Middleton Memorial Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ammara Malik
- Madison VA GRECC, William S. Middleton Memorial Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David T Plante
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Derek Norton
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rebecca Langhough Koscik
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lianlian Du
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Barbara B Bendlin
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Tim West
- C2N Diagnostics, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Kevin V Thomas
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cynthia M Carlsson
- Madison VA GRECC, William S. Middleton Memorial Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Madison VA GRECC, William S. Middleton Memorial Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Madison VA GRECC, William S. Middleton Memorial Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Carey E Gleason
- Madison VA GRECC, William S. Middleton Memorial Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Megan Zuelsdorff
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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4
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Fogelman I, West T, Braunstein JB, Verghese PB, Kirmess KM, Meyer MR, Contois JH, Shobin E, Ferber KL, Gagnon J, Rubel CE, Graham D, Bateman RJ, Holtzman DM, Huang S, Yu J, Yang S, Yarasheski KE. Independent study demonstrates amyloid probability score accurately indicates amyloid pathology. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:765-778. [PMID: 36975407 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The amyloid probability score (APS) is the model read-out of the analytically validated mass spectrometry-based PrecivityAD® blood test that incorporates the plasma Aβ42/40 ratio, ApoE proteotype, and age to identify the likelihood of brain amyloid plaques among cognitively impaired individuals being evaluated for Alzheimer's disease. PURPOSE This study aimed to provide additional independent evidence that the pre-established APS algorithm, along with its cutoff values, discriminates between amyloid positive and negative individuals. METHODS The diagnostic performance of the PrecivityAD test was analyzed in a cohort of 200 nonrandomly selected Australian Imaging, Biomarker & Lifestyle Flagship Study of Aging (AIBL) study participants, who were either cognitively impaired or healthy controls, and for whom a blood sample and amyloid PET imaging were available. RESULTS In a subset of the dataset aligned with the Intended Use population (patients aged 60 and older with CDR ≥0.5), the pre-established APS algorithm predicted amyloid PET with a sensitivity of 84.9% (CI: 72.9-92.1%) and specificity of 96% (CI: 80.5-99.3%), exclusive of 13 individuals for whom the test was inconclusive. INTERPRETATION The study shows individuals with a high APS are more likely than those with a low APS to have abnormal amounts of amyloid plaques and be on an amyloid accumulation trajectory, a dynamic and evolving process characteristic of progressive AD pathology. Exploratory data suggest APS retains its diagnostic performance in healthy individuals, supporting further screening studies in the cognitively unimpaired.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim West
- C2N Diagnostics, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Randall J Bateman
- Dept. of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Tracey Family SILQ Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - David M Holtzman
- Dept. of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Tracey Family SILQ Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Joanne Yu
- Stat4ward, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sha Yang
- Stat4ward, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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5
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Ennis GE, Bouges S, Zuelsdorff M, Van Hulle CA, Jonaitis EM, Koscik RL, Lambrou NH, Salazar H, Carter FP, James TT, Johnson AL, Fischer BL, Kirmess K, Holubasch MS, Meyer MR, Venkatesh V, West T, Verghese PB, Yarasheski KE, Chin NA, Asthana S, Carlsson CM, Johnson SC, Bendlin BB, Gleason CE. Diabetes is related to cognition but not plasma amyloid‐β 42/40 in an African American cohort. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.067925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gilda E. Ennis
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Shenikqua Bouges
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison, School of Medicine & Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Megan Zuelsdorff
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Nursing Madison WI USA
| | - Carol A. Van Hulle
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Erin M. Jonaitis
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Rebecca Langhough Koscik
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Nickolas H. Lambrou
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Hector Salazar
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Fabu P Carter
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Taryn T. James
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Adrienne L. Johnson
- University of Wisconsin ‐ Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention Madison WI USA
| | - Barbara L. Fischer
- 5. Madison VA GRECC, William S. Middleton Memorial Hospital Madison WI USA
- 6. Department of Neurology University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Tim West
- C2N Diagnostics, LLC Saint Louis MO USA
| | | | | | - Nathaniel A. Chin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Division, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Cynthia M. Carlsson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Madison WI USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
| | - Barbara B. Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Carey E. Gleason
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
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6
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Van Hulle CA, Zuelsdorff M, Koscik RL, Ennis GE, Bouges S, Fischer BL, Wyman MF, Lambrou NH, Johnson AL, Umucu E, Salazar H, Chin NA, Meyer MR, Holubasch MS, Kirmess K, Verghese PB, West T, Venkatesh V, Yarasheski KE, Gleason CE. Trajectories of plasma Aβ42/40 among African Americans: Preliminary results from the African American Fighting Alzheimer’s in Midlife (AA‐FAIM) study. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.066942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carol A. Van Hulle
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Megan Zuelsdorff
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Nursing Madison WI USA
| | - Rebecca Langhough Koscik
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Gilda E. Ennis
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Shenikqua Bouges
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison, School of Medicine & Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Barbara L. Fischer
- Department of Neurology University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Mary F. Wyman
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
| | | | - Adrienne L. Johnson
- University of Wisconsin ‐ Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention Madison WI USA
| | - Emre Umucu
- Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA
| | - Hector Salazar
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison, School of Medicine & Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Nathaniel A. Chin
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Division, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Tim West
- C2N Diagnostics, LLC Saint Louis MO USA
| | | | | | - Carey E. Gleason
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
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7
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Gleason CE, Koscik RL, Zuelsdorff M, Norton DL, Fischer BL, Van Hulle CA, Gooding DC, Yarasheski KE, Wyman MF, Johnson AL, Lambrou NH, James TT, Bouges S, Carter FP, Salazar H, Norris N, Chin NA, Ennis GE, Jonaitis EM, Simó CAF, Kirmess K, Meyer MR, Holubasch MS, Venkatesh V, West T, Verghese PB, Carlsson CM, Asthana S, Johnson SC. An examination of baseline plasma Aβ42/40 and intra‐individual cognitive variability (IICV) associations with longitudinal cognitive change in a Black Cohort: Data from the African Americans Fighting Alzheimer’s in Midlife (AA‐FAIM) study. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.061055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carey E. Gleason
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Rebecca Langhough Koscik
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Megan Zuelsdorff
- University of Wisconsin School of Nursing Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Derek L. Norton
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA
| | - Barbara L. Fischer
- Madison VA GRECC, William S. Middleton Memorial Hospital Madison WI USA
- Department of Neurology University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Carol A. Van Hulle
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Diane C. Gooding
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison Madison WI USA
| | - Kevin E. Yarasheski
- Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
- C2N Diagnostics, LLC Saint Louis MO USA
| | - Mary F. Wyman
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Psychiatry Madison WI USA
| | - Adrienne L. Johnson
- University of Wisconsin ‐ Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention Madison WI USA
| | - Nickolas H. Lambrou
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- University of Wisconsin, Division of Geriatrics Madison WI USA
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Taryn T. James
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
| | - Shenikqua Bouges
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison, School of Medicine & Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Fabu P Carter
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Hector Salazar
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison, School of Medicine & Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Nia Norris
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Nathaniel A. Chin
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Gilda E. Ennis
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison, School of Medicine & Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Erin M. Jonaitis
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Carola A. Ferrer Simó
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health Madison WI USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Tim West
- C2N Diagnostics, LLC Saint Louis MO USA
| | | | - Cynthia M. Carlsson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
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8
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Koscik RL, Betthauser TJ, Van Hulle CA, Zuelsdorff M, Salazar H, Carter FP, Norris N, Green‐Harris G, Fischer BL, Chin NA, Gooding DC, Cody KA, Meyer MR, Holubasch MS, Kirmess KM, Verghese PB, West T, Venkatesh V, Yarasheski KE, Christian BT, Johnson SC, Gleason CE. Plasma Aβ42/40 and PET amyloid associations among late‐middle‐aged African Americans: Preliminary results from the AA‐FAIM study. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.069390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Langhough Koscik
- The Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Tobey J Betthauser
- University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center Madison WI USA
| | - Carol A. Van Hulle
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Megan Zuelsdorff
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Nursing Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Hector Salazar
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison, School of Medicine & Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Fabu P Carter
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison, School of Medicine & Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Nia Norris
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Gina Green‐Harris
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Barbara L. Fischer
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison, School of Medicine & Public Health Madison WI USA
- Department of Neurology University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
| | - Nathaniel A. Chin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Division, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Diane C. Gooding
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison Madison WI USA
| | - Karly Alex Cody
- University of Wisconsin ‐ Madison Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Tim West
- C2N Diagnostics, LLC Saint Louis MO USA
| | | | - Kevin E. Yarasheski
- C2N Diagnostics, LLC Saint Louis MO USA
- Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
| | - Bradley T Christian
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Carey E. Gleason
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital Madison WI USA
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health Madison WI USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
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Ma Q, Zhao Z, Sagare AP, Wu Y, Wang M, Owens NC, Verghese PB, Herz J, Holtzman DM, Zlokovic BV. Correction: Blood-brain barrier-associated pericytes internalize and clear aggregated amyloid-β42 by LRP1-dependent apolipoprotein E isoform-specific mechanism. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:71. [PMID: 36329501 PMCID: PMC9632156 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00573-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyi Ma
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, USA
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Neonatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, USA
| | - Abhay P Sagare
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, USA
| | - Yingxi Wu
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, USA
| | - Min Wang
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, USA
| | - Nelly Chuqui Owens
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, USA
| | | | - Joachim Herz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics and Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Berislav V Zlokovic
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, USA.
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10
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Hu Y, Kirmess KM, Meyer MR, Rabinovici GD, Gatsonis C, Siegel BA, Whitmer RA, Apgar C, Hanna L, Kanekiyo M, Kaplow J, Koyama A, Verbel D, Holubasch MS, Knapik SS, Connor J, Contois JH, Jackson EN, Harpstrite SE, Bateman RJ, Holtzman DM, Verghese PB, Fogelman I, Braunstein JB, Yarasheski KE, West T. Assessment of a Plasma Amyloid Probability Score to Estimate Amyloid Positron Emission Tomography Findings Among Adults With Cognitive Impairment. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e228392. [PMID: 35446396 PMCID: PMC9024390 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.8392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The diagnostic evaluation for Alzheimer disease may be improved by a blood-based diagnostic test identifying presence of brain amyloid plaque pathology. OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical performance associated with a diagnostic algorithm incorporating plasma amyloid-β (Aβ) 42:40 ratio, patient age, and apoE proteotype to identify brain amyloid status. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study includes analysis from 2 independent cross-sectional cohort studies: the discovery cohort of the Plasma Test for Amyloidosis Risk Screening (PARIS) study, a prospective add-on to the Imaging Dementia-Evidence for Amyloid Scanning study, including 249 patients from 2018 to 2019, and MissionAD, a dataset of 437 biobanked patient samples obtained at screenings during 2016 to 2019. Data were analyzed from May to November 2020. EXPOSURES Amyloid detected in blood and by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The main outcome was the diagnostic performance of plasma Aβ42:40 ratio, together with apoE proteotype and age, for identifying amyloid PET status, assessed by accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). RESULTS All 686 participants (mean [SD] age 73.2 [6.3] years; 368 [53.6%] men; 378 participants [55.1%] with amyloid PET findings) had symptoms of mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia. The AUC of plasma Aβ42:40 ratio for PARIS was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.73-0.85) and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.82-0.89) for MissionAD. Ratio cutoffs for Aβ42:40 based on the Youden index were similar between cohorts (PARIS: 0.089; MissionAD: 0.092). A logistic regression model (LRM) incorporating Aβ42:40 ratio, apoE proteotype, and age improved diagnostic performance within each cohort (PARIS: AUC, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.81-0.91]; MissionAD: AUC, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.86-0.92]), and overall accuracy was 78% (95% CI, 72%-83%) for PARIS and 83% (95% CI, 79%-86%) for MissionAD. The model developed on the prospectively collected samples from PARIS performed well on the MissionAD samples (AUC, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.84-0.91]; accuracy, 78% [95% CI, 74%-82%]). Training the LRM on combined cohorts yielded an AUC of 0.88 (95% CI, 0.85-0.91) and accuracy of 81% (95% CI, 78%-84%). The output of this LRM is the Amyloid Probability Score (APS). For clinical use, 2 APS cutoff values were established yielding 3 categories, with low, intermediate, and high likelihood of brain amyloid plaque pathology. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings suggest that this blood biomarker test could allow for distinguishing individuals with brain amyloid-positive PET findings from individuals with amyloid-negative PET findings and serve as an aid for Alzheimer disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hu
- C2N Diagnostics, St Louis, Missouri
| | | | | | - Gil D. Rabinovici
- Departments of Neurology, Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Constantine Gatsonis
- Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Barry A. Siegel
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Rachel A. Whitmer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis
| | | | - Lucy Hanna
- Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Randall J. Bateman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - David M. Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | | | | | | | | | - Tim West
- C2N Diagnostics, St Louis, Missouri
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11
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Kirmess KM, Meyer MR, Holubasch MS, Knapik SS, Hu Y, Jackson EN, Harpstrite SE, Verghese PB, West T, Fogelman I, Braunstein JB, Yarasheski KE, Contois JH. The PrecivityAD™ test: Accurate and reliable LC-MS/MS assays for quantifying plasma amyloid beta 40 and 42 and apolipoprotein E proteotype for the assessment of brain amyloidosis. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 519:267-275. [PMID: 34015303 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an unmet need for an accessible, less invasive, cost-effective method to facilitate clinical trial enrollment and aid in clinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis. APOE genotype affects the clearance and deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) with APOE4 carriers having increased risk while APOE2 alleles appear to be protective. Lower plasma Aβ42/40 correlates with brain amyloidosis. In response, C2N has developed the PrecivityAD™ test; plasma LC-MS/MS assays for Aβ isoform quantitation and qualitative APOE isoform-specific proteotyping. METHODS In accord with CLIA standards, we developed and validated assay performance: precision, accuracy, linearity, limit of detection (LoD), interferences. RESULTS Within-day precision varied from 1.5-3.0% (Aβ40) and 2.5-8.4% (Aβ42). Total (within-lab) variability was 2.7-7.7% (Aβ40) and 3.1-9.5% (Aβ42). Aβ40 quantitation was linear from 10 to 1780 pg/mL; Aβ42 was linear from 2 to 254 pg/mL. LoD was 11 and 2 pg/mL for Aβ40 and Aβ42, respectively. APOE proteotypes were 100% concordant with genotype, while LoD (fM) was much lower than APOE concentrations observed in plasma (mM). CONCLUSIONS The PrecivityAD™ assays are precise, accurate, sensitive, and linear over a wide analytical range, free from significant interferences, and suitable for use in the clinical laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yan Hu
- C(2)N Diagnostics, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | | | | | | | - Tim West
- C(2)N Diagnostics, Saint Louis, MO, United States
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12
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West T, Kirmess KM, Meyer MR, Holubasch MS, Knapik SS, Hu Y, Contois JH, Jackson EN, Harpstrite SE, Bateman RJ, Holtzman DM, Verghese PB, Fogelman I, Braunstein JB, Yarasheski KE. A blood-based diagnostic test incorporating plasma Aβ42/40 ratio, ApoE proteotype, and age accurately identifies brain amyloid status: findings from a multi cohort validity analysis. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:30. [PMID: 33933117 PMCID: PMC8088704 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00451-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of blood-based biomarker tests that are accurate and robust for Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology have the potential to aid clinical diagnosis and facilitate enrollment in AD drug trials. We developed a high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS)-based test that quantifies plasma Aβ42 and Aβ40 concentrations and identifies the ApoE proteotype. We evaluated robustness, clinical performance, and commercial viability of this MS biomarker assay for distinguishing brain amyloid status. METHODS We used the novel MS assay to analyze 414 plasma samples that were collected, processed, and stored using site-specific protocols, from six independent US cohorts. We used receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses to assess assay performance and accuracy for predicting amyloid status (positive, negative, and standard uptake value ratio; SUVR). After plasma analysis, sites shared brain amyloid status, defined using diverse, site-specific methods and cutoff values; amyloid PET imaging using various tracers or CSF Aβ42/40 ratio. RESULTS Plasma Aβ42/40 ratio was significantly (p < 0.001) lower in the amyloid positive vs. negative participants in each cohort. The area under the ROC curve (AUC-ROC) was 0.81 (95% CI = 0.77-0.85) and the percent agreement between plasma Aβ42/40 and amyloid positivity was 75% at the optimal (Youden index) cutoff value. The AUC-ROC (0.86; 95% CI = 0.82-0.90) and accuracy (81%) for the plasma Aβ42/40 ratio improved after controlling for cohort heterogeneity. The AUC-ROC (0.90; 95% CI = 0.87-0.93) and accuracy (86%) improved further when Aβ42/40, ApoE4 copy number and participant age were included in the model. CONCLUSIONS This mass spectrometry-based plasma biomarker test: has strong diagnostic performance; can accurately distinguish brain amyloid positive from amyloid negative individuals; may aid in the diagnostic evaluation process for Alzheimer's disease; and may enhance the efficiency of enrolling participants into Alzheimer's disease drug trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim West
- C2N Diagnostics, 20 S Sarah Street, St. Louis, MO 63108 USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Yan Hu
- C2N Diagnostics, 20 S Sarah Street, St. Louis, MO 63108 USA
| | | | | | | | - Randall J. Bateman
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - David M. Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | | | - Ilana Fogelman
- C2N Diagnostics, 20 S Sarah Street, St. Louis, MO 63108 USA
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13
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Jansen WJ, Ghisays V, DeMarco KL, Boker CA, Chen K, Chen Y, Luo J, Protas HD, West T, Meyer M, Kirmess K, Verghese PB, Hu H, Yarasheski KE, Su Y, Reiman EM. Plasma amyloid‐beta42/40 ratio as biomarker of cerebral amyloidosis in cognitively unimpaired APOE‐e4 homozygotes, heterozygotes and non‐carriers. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.040332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Willemijn J. Jansen
- Maastricht University Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience Maastricht Netherlands
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute Phoenix AZ USA
| | - Valentina Ghisays
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute Phoenix AZ USA
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium Phoenix AZ USA
| | | | | | - Kewei Chen
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute Phoenix AZ USA
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium Phoenix AZ USA
- University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA
- Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA
| | - Yinghua Chen
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute Phoenix AZ USA
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium Phoenix AZ USA
| | - Ji Luo
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute Phoenix AZ USA
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium Phoenix AZ USA
| | - Hillary D. Protas
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute Phoenix AZ USA
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium Phoenix AZ USA
| | - Tim West
- C2N Diagnostics, LLC Saint Louis MO USA
| | | | | | | | - Helen Hu
- C2N Diagnostics LLC Saint Louis MO USA
| | | | - Yi Su
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute Phoenix AZ USA
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium Phoenix AZ USA
| | - Eric M. Reiman
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute Phoenix AZ USA
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium Phoenix AZ USA
- University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA
- Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA
- Translational Genomics Research Institute Phoenix AZ USA
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14
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Yarasheski KE, West T, Verghese PB, Hu Y, Kirmess K, Meyer M, Smith E, Harpstrite S, Holubasch M, Knapik S, Harlan A, Fogelman I, Braunstein JB. F4-01-01: PLASMA TEST FOR AMYLOID RISK SCREENING: THE C 2
N SPONSORED PARIS ADD-ON STUDY TO IDEAS. Alzheimers Dement 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.4713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim West
- C2N Diagnostics; LLC; Saint Louis MO USA
| | | | - Yan Hu
- C2N Diagnostics; LLC; Saint Louis MO USA
| | | | | | - Erin Smith
- C2N Diagnostics; LLC; Saint Louis MO USA
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15
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Hubin E, Verghese PB, van Nuland N, Broersen K. Apolipoprotein E associated with reconstituted high-density lipoprotein-like particles is protected from aggregation. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:1144-1153. [PMID: 31058310 PMCID: PMC6617784 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype determines Alzheimer's disease (AD) susceptibility, with the APOE ε4 allele being an established risk factor for late‐onset AD. The ApoE lipidation status has been reported to impact amyloid‐beta (Aβ) peptide metabolism. The details of how lipidation affects ApoE behavior remain to be elucidated. In this study, we prepared lipid‐free and lipid‐bound ApoE particles, mimicking the high‐density lipoprotein particles found in vivo, for all three isoforms (ApoE2, ApoE3, and ApoE4) and biophysically characterized them. We find that lipid‐free ApoE in solution has the tendency to aggregate in vitro in an isoform‐dependent manner under near‐physiological conditions and that aggregation is impeded by lipidation of ApoE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Hubin
- Nanobiophysics Group, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Structural Biology Brussels, Department of Biotechnology (DBIT), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium.,Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philip B Verghese
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nico van Nuland
- Structural Biology Brussels, Department of Biotechnology (DBIT), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium.,Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kerensa Broersen
- Nanobiophysics Group, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Applied Stem Cell Technologies, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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16
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Ma Q, Zhao Z, Sagare AP, Wu Y, Wang M, Owens NC, Verghese PB, Herz J, Holtzman DM, Zlokovic BV. Blood-brain barrier-associated pericytes internalize and clear aggregated amyloid-β42 by LRP1-dependent apolipoprotein E isoform-specific mechanism. Mol Neurodegener 2018; 13:57. [PMID: 30340601 PMCID: PMC6194676 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-018-0286-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clearance at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays an important role in removal of Alzheimer's amyloid-β (Aβ) toxin from brain both in humans and animal models. Apolipoprotein E (apoE), the major genetic risk factor for AD, disrupts Aβ clearance at the BBB. The cellular and molecular mechanisms, however, still remain unclear, particularly whether the BBB-associated brain capillary pericytes can contribute to removal of aggregated Aβ from brain capillaries, and whether removal of Aβ aggregates by pericytes requires apoE, and if so, is Aβ clearance on pericytes apoE isoform-specific. METHODS We performed immunostaining for Aβ and pericyte biomarkers on brain capillaries (< 6 μm in diameter) on tissue sections derived from AD patients and age-matched controls, and APPSwe/0 mice and littermate controls. Human Cy3-Aβ42 uptake by pericytes was studied on freshly isolated brain slices from control mice, pericyte LRP1-deficient mice (Lrplox/lox;Cspg4-Cre) and littermate controls. Clearance of aggregated Aβ42 by mouse pericytes was studied on multi-spot glass slides under different experimental conditions including pharmacologic and/or genetic inhibition of the low density lipoprotein receptor related protein 1 (LRP1), an apoE receptor, and/or silencing mouse endogenous Apoe in the presence and absence of human astrocyte-derived lipidated apoE3 or apoE4. Student's t-test and one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's post-hoc test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS First, we found that 35% and 60% of brain capillary pericytes accumulate Aβ in AD patients and 8.5-month-old APPSw/0 mice, respectively, compared to negligible uptake in controls. Cy3-Aβ42 species were abundantly taken up by pericytes on cultured mouse brain slices via LRP1, as shown by both pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of LRP1 in pericytes. Mouse pericytes vigorously cleared aggregated Cy3-Aβ42 from multi-spot glass slides via LRP1, which was inhibited by pharmacologic and/or genetic knockdown of mouse endogenous apoE. Human astrocyte-derived lipidated apoE3, but not apoE4, normalized Aβ42 clearance by mouse pericytes with silenced mouse apoE. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that BBB-associated pericytes clear Aβ aggregates via an LRP1/apoE isoform-specific mechanism. These data support the role of LRP1/apoE interactions on pericytes as a potential therapeutic target for controlling Aβ clearance in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyi Ma
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033 USA
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Neonatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033 USA
| | - Abhay P Sagare
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033 USA
| | - Yingxi Wu
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033 USA
| | - Min Wang
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033 USA
| | - Nelly Chuqui Owens
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033 USA
| | | | - Joachim Herz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics and Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Berislav V Zlokovic
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033 USA
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17
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West T, Hu Y, Verghese PB, Bateman RJ, Braunstein JB, Fogelman I, Budur K, Florian H, Mendonca N, Holtzman DM. Preclinical and Clinical Development of ABBV-8E12, a Humanized Anti-Tau Antibody, for Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Tauopathies. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2018; 4:236-241. [PMID: 29181488 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2017.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tau neurofibrillary tangles are found in the brains of patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. The progressive spreading of tau pathology from one brain region to the next is believed to be caused by extracellular transsynaptic transmission of misfolded tau between neurons. Preclinical studies have shown that antibodies against tau can prevent this transfer of misfolded tau between cells. Thus, antibodies against tau have the potential to stop or slow the progression of tau pathology observed in human tauopathies. To test this hypothesis, a humanized anti-tau antibody (ABBV-8E12) was developed and a phase 1 clinical trial of this antibody has been completed. The double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1 study tested single doses of ABBV-8E12 ranging from 2.5 to 50 mg/kg in 30 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). ABBV-8E12 was found to have an acceptable safety profile with no clinically concerning trends in the number or severity of adverse events between the placebo and dosed groups. Pharmacokinetic modelling showed that the antibody has a plasma half-life and cerebrospinal fluid:plasma ratio consistent with other humanized antibodies, and there were no signs of immunogenicity against ABBV-8E12. Based on the acceptable safety and tolerability profile of single doses of ABBV-8E12, AbbVie is currently enrolling patients into two phase 2 clinical trials to assess efficacy and safety of multiple doses of ABBV-8E12 in patients with early Alzheimer's disease or PSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- T West
- Tim West, PhD, C2N Diagnostics, 20 S Sarah St, Saint Louis, MO 63108,
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18
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Liu S, Park S, Allington G, Prelli F, Sun Y, Martá-Ariza M, Scholtzova H, Biswas G, Brown B, Verghese PB, Mehta PD, Kwon YU, Wisniewski T. Targeting Apolipoprotein E/Amyloid β Binding by Peptoid CPO_Aβ17-21 P Ameliorates Alzheimer's Disease Related Pathology and Cognitive Decline. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8009. [PMID: 28808293 PMCID: PMC5556019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08604-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inheritance of the apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) genotype has been identified as the major genetic risk factor for late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies have shown that apoE, apoE4 in particular, binds to amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides at residues 12-28 of Aβ and this binding modulates Aβ accumulation and disease progression. We have previously shown in several AD transgenic mice lines that blocking the apoE/Aβ interaction with Aβ12-28 P reduced Aβ and tau-related pathology, leading to cognitive improvements in treated AD mice. Recently, we have designed a small peptoid library derived from the Aβ12-28 P sequence to screen for new apoE/Aβ binding inhibitors with higher efficacy and safety. Peptoids are better drug candidates than peptides due to their inherently more favorable pharmacokinetic properties. One of the lead peptoid compounds, CPO_Aβ17-21 P, diminished the apoE/Aβ interaction and attenuated the apoE4 pro-fibrillogenic effects on Aβ aggregation in vitro as well as apoE4 potentiation of Aβ cytotoxicity. CPO_Aβ17-21 P reduced Aβ-related pathology coupled with cognitive improvements in an AD APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model. Our study suggests the non-toxic, non-fibrillogenic peptoid CPO_Aβ17-21 P has significant promise as a new AD therapeutic agent which targets the Aβ related apoE pathway, with improved efficacy and pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Shinae Park
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Frances Prelli
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Yanjie Sun
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Mitchell Martá-Ariza
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Henrieta Scholtzova
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Goutam Biswas
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bernard Brown
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Philip B Verghese
- C2N Diagnostics, Center for Emerging Technologies, 4041 Forest Park Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Pankaj D Mehta
- Department of Immunology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, New York, USA
| | - Yong-Uk Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Pathology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.
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19
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Budur K, West T, Braunstein JB, Fogelman I, Bordelon YM, Litvan I, Roberson ED, Hu H, Verghese PB, Bateman RJ, Florian H, Wang D, Ryman D, Gault L, Goss S, Mendonca N, Rendenbach‐Mueller B, Kerwin DR, Boxer AL, Holtzman DM. [O2–17–01]: RESULTS OF A PHASE 1, SINGLE ASCENDING DOSE, PLACEBO‐CONTROLLED STUDY OF ABBV‐8E12 IN PATIENTS WITH PROGRESSIVE SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY AND PHASE 2 STUDY DESIGN IN EARLY ALZHEIMER's DISEASE. Alzheimers Dement 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.07.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Budur
- AbbVie Inc.North ChicagoILUSA
- C2N Diagnostics LLCSaint LouisMOUSA
- University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
- University of California San DiegoSan DiegoCAUSA
- University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
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20
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Yanamandra K, Patel TK, Jiang H, Schindler S, Ulrich JD, Boxer AL, Miller BL, Kerwin DR, Gallardo G, Stewart F, Finn MB, Cairns NJ, Verghese PB, Fogelman I, West T, Braunstein J, Robinson G, Keyser J, Roh J, Knapik SS, Hu Y, Holtzman DM. Anti-tau antibody administration increases plasma tau in transgenic mice and patients with tauopathy. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9:9/386/eaal2029. [PMID: 28424326 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aal2029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Tauopathies are a group of disorders in which the cytosolic protein tau aggregates and accumulates in cells within the brain, resulting in neurodegeneration. A promising treatment being explored for tauopathies is passive immunization with anti-tau antibodies. We previously found that administration of an anti-tau antibody to human tau transgenic mice increased the concentration of plasma tau. We further explored the effects of administering an anti-tau antibody on plasma tau. After peripheral administration of an anti-tau antibody to human patients with tauopathy and to mice expressing human tau in the central nervous system, there was a dose-dependent increase in plasma tau. In mouse plasma, we found that tau had a short half-life of 8 min that increased to more than 3 hours after administration of anti-tau antibody. As tau transgenic mice accumulated insoluble tau in the brain, brain soluble and interstitial fluid tau decreased. Administration of anti-tau antibody to tau transgenic mice that had decreased brain soluble tau and interstitial fluid tau resulted in an increase in plasma tau, but this increase was less than that observed in tau transgenic mice without these brain changes. Tau transgenic mice subjected to acute neuronal injury using 3-nitropropionic acid showed increased interstitial fluid tau and plasma tau. These data suggest that peripheral administration of an anti-tau antibody results in increased plasma tau, which correlates with the concentration of extracellular and soluble tau in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Yanamandra
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders and Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110,USA.,AbbVie Inc. Foundational Neuroscience Center, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tirth K Patel
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders and Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110,USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders and Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110,USA
| | - Suzanne Schindler
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders and Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110,USA
| | - Jason D Ulrich
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders and Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110,USA
| | - Adam L Boxer
- Clinical Trials Program, Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Clinical Trials Program, Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Diana R Kerwin
- Texas Alzheimer's and Memory Disorders, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, TX 75231, USA
| | - Gilbert Gallardo
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders and Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110,USA
| | - Floy Stewart
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders and Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110,USA
| | - Mary Beth Finn
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders and Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110,USA
| | - Nigel J Cairns
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders and Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110,USA
| | - Philip B Verghese
- C2N Diagnostics, Center for Emerging Technologies, 4041 Forest Park Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Ilana Fogelman
- C2N Diagnostics, Center for Emerging Technologies, 4041 Forest Park Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Tim West
- C2N Diagnostics, Center for Emerging Technologies, 4041 Forest Park Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Joel Braunstein
- C2N Diagnostics, Center for Emerging Technologies, 4041 Forest Park Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Grace Robinson
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders and Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110,USA
| | - Jennifer Keyser
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders and Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110,USA
| | - Joseph Roh
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders and Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110,USA
| | - Stephanie S Knapik
- C2N Diagnostics, Center for Emerging Technologies, 4041 Forest Park Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Yan Hu
- C2N Diagnostics, Center for Emerging Technologies, 4041 Forest Park Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - David M Holtzman
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders and Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110,USA.
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21
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Achariyar TM, Li B, Peng W, Verghese PB, Shi Y, McConnell E, Benraiss A, Kasper T, Song W, Takano T, Holtzman DM, Nedergaard M, Deane R. Erratum to: Glymphatic distribution of CSF-derived apoE into brain is isoform specific and suppressed during sleep deprivation. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:3. [PMID: 28081701 PMCID: PMC5234150 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-016-0147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thiyagaragan M Achariyar
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Baoman Li
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.,Laboratory of Brain Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Metabolic Disease Research and Drug Development, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weiguo Peng
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Philip B Verghese
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, and the Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, and the Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Evan McConnell
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Abdellatif Benraiss
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Cell and Gene Therapy, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Tristan Kasper
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Wei Song
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Takahiro Takano
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, and the Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Rashid Deane
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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22
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Achariyar TM, Li B, Peng W, Verghese PB, Shi Y, McConnell E, Benraiss A, Kasper T, Song W, Takano T, Holtzman DM, Nedergaard M, Deane R. Glymphatic distribution of CSF-derived apoE into brain is isoform specific and suppressed during sleep deprivation. Mol Neurodegener 2016; 11:74. [PMID: 27931262 PMCID: PMC5146863 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-016-0138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a major carrier of cholesterol and essential for synaptic plasticity. In brain, it’s expressed by many cells but highly expressed by the choroid plexus and the predominant apolipoprotein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The role of apoE in the CSF is unclear. Recently, the glymphatic system was described as a clearance system whereby CSF and ISF (interstitial fluid) is exchanged via the peri-arterial space and convective flow of ISF clearance is mediated by aquaporin 4 (AQP4), a water channel. We reasoned that this system also serves to distribute essential molecules in CSF into brain. The aim was to establish whether apoE in CSF, secreted by the choroid plexus, is distributed into brain, and whether this distribution pattern was altered by sleep deprivation. Methods We used fluorescently labeled lipidated apoE isoforms, lenti-apoE3 delivered to the choroid plexus, immunohistochemistry to map apoE brain distribution, immunolabeled cells and proteins in brain, Western blot analysis and ELISA to determine apoE levels and radiolabeled molecules to quantify CSF inflow into brain and brain clearance in mice. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA or Student’s t- test. Results We show that the glymphatic fluid transporting system contributes to the delivery of choroid plexus/CSF-derived human apoE to neurons. CSF-delivered human apoE entered brain via the perivascular space of penetrating arteries and flows radially around arteries, but not veins, in an isoform specific manner (apoE2 > apoE3 > apoE4). Flow of apoE around arteries was facilitated by AQP4, a characteristic feature of the glymphatic system. ApoE3, delivered by lentivirus to the choroid plexus and ependymal layer but not to the parenchymal cells, was present in the CSF, penetrating arteries and neurons. The inflow of CSF, which contains apoE, into brain and its clearance from the interstitium were severely suppressed by sleep deprivation compared to the sleep state. Conclusions Thus, choroid plexus/CSF provides an additional source of apoE and the glymphatic fluid transporting system delivers it to brain via the periarterial space. By implication, failure in this essential physiological role of the glymphatic fluid flow and ISF clearance may also contribute to apoE isoform-specific disorders in the long term. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13024-016-0138-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiyagaragan M Achariyar
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Baoman Li
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.,Laboratory of Brain Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Metabolic Disease Research and Drug Development, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weiguo Peng
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Philip B Verghese
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, and the Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, and the Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Evan McConnell
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Abdellatif Benraiss
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Cell and Gene Therapy, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Tristan Kasper
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Wei Song
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Takahiro Takano
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, and the Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Rashid Deane
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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Garai K, Verghese PB, Baban B, Holtzman DM, Frieden C. The binding of apolipoprotein E to oligomers and fibrils of amyloid-β alters the kinetics of amyloid aggregation. Biochemistry 2014; 53:6323-31. [PMID: 25207746 PMCID: PMC4196732 DOI: 10.1021/bi5008172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ)
in Alzheimer’s
disease (AD) is strongly correlated with the APOE genotype. However, the role of apolipoprotein E (apoE) in Aβ
aggregation has remained unclear. Here we have used different apoE
preparations, such as recombinant protein or protein isolated from
cultured astrocytes, to examine the effect of apoE on the aggregation
of both Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42. The kinetics of aggregation, measured by the loss of fluorescence
of tetramethylrhodamine-labeled Aβ, is shown to be dramatically
slowed by the presence of substoichiometric concentrations of apoE.
Using these concentrations, we conclude that apoE binds primarily
to and affects the growth of oligomers that lead to the nuclei required
for fibril growth. At higher apoE concentrations, the protein also
binds to Aβ fibrils, resulting in fibril stabilization and a
slower rate of fibril growth. The aggregation of Aβ1–40 is dependent on the apoE isoform, being the most dramatic for apoE4
and less so for apoE3 and apoE2. Our results indicate that the detrimental
role of apoE4 in AD could be related to apoE-induced stabilization
of the soluble but cytotoxic oligomeric forms and intermediates of
Aβ, as well as fibril stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Garai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine , 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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24
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Ulrich JD, Burchett JM, Restivo JL, Schuler DR, Verghese PB, Mahan TE, Landreth GE, Castellano JM, Jiang H, Cirrito JR, Holtzman DM. In vivo measurement of apolipoprotein E from the brain interstitial fluid using microdialysis. Mol Neurodegener 2013; 8:13. [PMID: 23601557 PMCID: PMC3640999 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-8-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The APOE4 allele variant is the strongest known genetic risk factor for developing late-onset Alzheimer's disease. The link between apolipoprotein E (apoE) and Alzheimer's disease is likely due in large part to the impact of apoE on the metabolism of amyloid β (Aβ) within the brain. Manipulation of apoE levels and lipidation within the brain has been proposed as a therapeutic target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. However, we know little about the dynamic regulation of apoE levels and lipidation within the central nervous system. We have developed an assay to measure apoE levels in the brain interstitial fluid of awake and freely moving mice using large molecular weight cut-off microdialysis probes. RESULTS We were able to recover apoE using microdialysis from human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in vitro and mouse brain parenchyma in vivo. Microdialysis probes were inserted into the hippocampus of wild-type mice and interstitial fluid was collected for 36 hours. Levels of apoE within the microdialysis samples were determined by ELISA. The levels of apoE were found to be relatively stable over 36 hours. No apoE was detected in microdialysis samples from apoE KO mice. Administration of the RXR agonist bexarotene increased ISF apoE levels while ISF Aβ levels were decreased. Extrapolation to zero-flow analysis allowed us to determine the absolute recoverable concentration of apoE3 in the brain ISF of apoE3 KI mice. Furthermore, analysis of microdialysis samples by non-denaturing gel electrophoresis determined lipidated apoE particles in microdialysis samples were consistent in size with apoE particles from CSF. Finally, we found that the concentration of apoE in the brain ISF was dependent upon apoE isoform in human apoE KI mice, following the pattern apoE2>apoE3>apoE4. CONCLUSIONS We are able to collect lipidated apoE from the brain of awake and freely moving mice and monitor apoE levels over the course of several hours from a single mouse. Our technique enables assessment of brain apoE dynamics under physiological and pathophysiological conditions and in response to therapeutic interventions designed to affect apoE levels and lipidation within the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Ulrich
- Department of Neurology, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jack M Burchett
- Department of Neurology, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jessica L Restivo
- Department of Neurology, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Dorothy R Schuler
- Department of Neurology, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Philip B Verghese
- Department of Neurology, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Thomas E Mahan
- Department of Neurology, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Gary E Landreth
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106USA
| | - Joseph M Castellano
- Department of Neurology, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - John R Cirrito
- Department of Neurology, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Developmental Biology, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Kim J, Eltorai AEM, Jiang H, Liao F, Verghese PB, Kim J, Stewart FR, Basak JM, Holtzman DM. Anti-apoE immunotherapy inhibits amyloid accumulation in a transgenic mouse model of Aβ amyloidosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 209:2149-56. [PMID: 23129750 PMCID: PMC3501350 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20121274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Anti-ApoE antibody reduces amyloid deposition and enhances the microglial response to Aβ plaques in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model. The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The influence of apoE on amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation may be the major mechanism by which apoE affects AD. ApoE interacts with Aβ and facilitates Aβ fibrillogenesis in vitro. In addition, apoE is one of the protein components in plaques. We hypothesized that certain anti-apoE antibodies, similar to certain anti-Aβ antibodies, may have antiamyloidogenic effects by binding to apoE in the plaques and activating microglia-mediated amyloid clearance. To test this hypothesis, we developed several monoclonal anti-apoE antibodies. Among them, we administered HJ6.3 antibody intraperitoneally to 4-mo-old male APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice weekly for 14 wk. HJ6.3 dramatically decreased amyloid deposition by 60–80% and significantly reduced insoluble Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels. Short-term treatment with HJ6.3 resulted in strong changes in microglial responses around Aβ plaques. Collectively, these results suggest that anti-apoE immunization may represent a novel AD therapeutic strategy and that other proteins involved in Aβ binding and aggregation might also be a target for immunotherapy. Our data also have important broader implications for other amyloidosis. Immunotherapy to proteins tightly associated with misfolded proteins might open up a new treatment option for many protein misfolding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungsu Kim
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Basak JM, Verghese PB, Yoon H, Kim J, Holtzman DM. Low-density lipoprotein receptor represents an apolipoprotein E-independent pathway of Aβ uptake and degradation by astrocytes. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:13959-71. [PMID: 22383525 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.288746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of the amyloid β (Aβ) peptide within the brain is hypothesized to be one of the main causes underlying the pathogenic events that occur in Alzheimer disease (AD). Consequently, identifying pathways by which Aβ is cleared from the brain is crucial for better understanding of the disease pathogenesis and developing novel therapeutics. Cellular uptake and degradation by glial cells is one means by which Aβ may be cleared from the brain. In the current study, we demonstrate that modulating levels of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), a cell surface receptor that regulates the amount of apolipoprotein E (apoE) in the brain, altered both the uptake and degradation of Aβ by astrocytes. Deletion of LDLR caused a decrease in Aβ uptake, whereas increasing LDLR levels significantly enhanced both the uptake and clearance of Aβ. Increasing LDLR levels also enhanced the cellular degradation of Aβ and facilitated the vesicular transport of Aβ to lysosomes. Despite the fact that LDLR regulated the uptake of apoE by astrocytes, we found that the effect of LDLR on Aβ uptake and clearance occurred in the absence of apoE. Finally, we provide evidence that Aβ can directly bind to LDLR, suggesting that an interaction between LDLR and Aβ could be responsible for LDLR-mediated Aβ uptake. Therefore, these results identify LDLR as a receptor that mediates Aβ uptake and clearance by astrocytes, and provide evidence that increasing glial LDLR levels may promote Aβ degradation within the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Basak
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Charles F and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a 299-aminoacid protein encoded by the APOE gene. Three common polymorphisms in the APOE gene, ɛ2, ɛ3, and ɛ4, result in a single aminoacid change in the APOE protein. APOE ɛ2, ɛ3, and ɛ4 alleles strongly alter, in a dose-dependent manner, the likelihood of developing Alzheimer's disease and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. In particular, APOE ɛ4 is associated with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease whereas APOE ɛ2 is associated with decreased risk. The effects of APOE genotype on risk of these diseases are likely to be mediated by differential effects of APOE on amyloid-β accumulation in the brain and its vasculature. Response to treatment for Alzheimer's disease might differ according to APOE genotype. Because convincing evidence ties the APOE genotype to risk of Alzheimer's disease and cerebral amyloid angiopathy, APOE has been studied in other neurological diseases. APOE ɛ4 is associated with poor outcome after traumatic brain injury and brain haemorrhage, although the mechanisms underlying these associations are unclear. The possibility that APOE has a role in these and other neurological diseases has been of great interest, but convincing associations have not yet emerged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip B Verghese
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, and the Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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Howard AD, Verghese PB, Arrese EL, Soulages JL. Characterization of apoA-I-dependent lipid efflux from adipocytes and role of ABCA1. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 343:115-24. [PMID: 20535530 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a major reservoir of cholesterol and, as such, it may play a significant role in cholesterol homeostasis. The aims of this study were to obtain a quantitative characterization of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I)-dependent lipid efflux from adipocytes and examine the role of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) in this process. The rates of apoA-I-induced cholesterol and phospholipid efflux were determined and normalized by cellular protein or ABCA1 levels. In order to allow a comparative analysis, parallel experiments were also performed in macrophages. These studies showed that apoA-I induces cholesterol efflux from adipocytes at similar rates as from macrophages. Enhancement of the expression of ABCA1 increased the rates of cholesterol efflux from both adipocytes and macrophages. The results also suggested that a non-ABCA1-dependent mechanism could make significant contributions to the rate of apoA-I-dependent cholesterol efflux when the expression levels of ABCA1 are low. Furthermore, the study of the effect of inhibitors of lipid efflux showed that glyburide and brefeldin A, which affect ABCA1 function, exerted strong and similar inhibitory effects on lipid efflux from both adipocytes and macrophages, whereas BLT1, an SRB-I inhibitor, only exerted a moderate inhibition. Overall these studies suggest that ABCA1 plays a major role in apoA-I-dependent lipid efflux from adipocytes and showed high similarities between the abilities of adipocytes and macrophages to release cholesterol in an apoA-I-dependent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha D Howard
- 147 Noble Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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Verghese PB, Arrese EL, Howard AD, Soulages JL. Brefeldin A inhibits cholesterol efflux without affecting the rate of cellular uptake and re-secretion of apolipoprotein A-I in adipocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2008; 478:161-6. [PMID: 18708026 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2008.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A possible role of cellular uptake and re-secretion of apoA-I in the mechanism of cholesterol efflux induced by apoA-I was investigated using a novel experimental approach. Incubation of adipocytes with a recombinant human apoA-I containing a consensus PKA phosphorylation site, pka-ApoA-I, leads to the appearance of phosphorylated protein in the cell culture medium unambiguously proving cellular uptake and re-secretion of pka-ApoA-I. Phosphorylation of apoA-I is abolished by PKA inhibitors and enhanced by PKA activators demonstrating the specific involvement of PKA. Studies on the concentration dependence of pka-apoA-I phosphorylation and competition experiments with human apoA-I suggest that apolipoprotein uptake is a receptor mediated process. A possible role of apoA-I recycling in the mechanism of cholesterol efflux was investigated by determining the rates of apoA-I induced cholesterol efflux and apoA-I recycling in the presence and in the absence of Brefeldin A (BFA). The studies showed that BFA strongly inhibits cholesterol efflux without affecting the rate of apoA-I recycling. Since BFA affects vesicular trafficking of ABCA1, this study suggests that the interaction of apoA-I with ABCA1 does not mediate apolipoprotein uptake and re-secretion. This result suggests that lipidation of apoA-I and apolipoprotein uptake/re-secretion are independent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip B Verghese
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, 147 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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Verghese PB, Arrese EL, Soulages JL. Stimulation of lipolysis enhances the rate of cholesterol efflux to HDL in adipocytes. Mol Cell Biochem 2007; 302:241-8. [PMID: 17390217 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-007-9447-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2007] [Accepted: 03/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue constitutes a major location for cholesterol storage and, as such, it may play a role in the regulation of circulating cholesterol levels. A possible metabolic link between the lipolytic activity of adipocytes and their ability to release cholesterol to reconstituted human high density lipoprotein, HDL, was investigated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In the presence of HDL, composed of human apoA-I and phosphatidylcholine, adipocytes release cholesterol in a lipoprotein-dose and time dependent fashion. beta-adrenergic activation of the lipolysis promotes a 22% increase in the extent of cholesterol efflux to reconstituted discoidal HDL particles. Activation of lipolysis promotes a rapid decrease in the cholesterol content of the plasma membrane and a concomitant increase in lipid droplet cholesterol. This change is independent of the presence of HDL. Activation of the lipolysis does not affect the levels of ABCA1 and SR-BI. Therefore, the enhancement of cholesterol efflux is not due to the level of plasma membrane cholesterol, or to the levels of the cholesterol transporters ABCA1 and scavenger receptor SR-BI. Brefeldin A did not affect the rate of cholesterol efflux under basal lipolytic conditions, but it abolished the lipolysis-dependent enhancement of cholesterol efflux to HDL. This study suggests that activation of lipolysis is accompanied by an increase in BFA-sensitive vesicular transport that in turn enhances cholesterol efflux to HDL. The study supports a metabolic link between the lipolytic activity of adipocytes and the rate of cellular cholesterol efflux to HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip B Verghese
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, 147 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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