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Dama G, Hu X, Yan Y, Li Y, Li H, Yang F, Liu Y, Lin J. Identification and protective role of CD34 + stromal cells/telocytes in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse spleen. Histochem Cell Biol 2023:10.1007/s00418-023-02186-5. [PMID: 37014442 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-023-02186-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a classical animal model of human multiple sclerosis (MS) that is most commonly used to study the neuropathology and therapeutic effects of the disease. Telocytes (TCs) are a specialized type of interstitial or mesenchymal cell first identified by Popescu in various tissues and organs. However, the existence, distribution and role of CD34+ stromal cells (SCs)/TCs in the EAE-induced mouse spleen remain to be elucidated. We conducted immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence (double staining for CD34 and c-kit, vimentin, F4/80, CD163, Nanog, Sca-1, CD31 or tryptase) and transmission electron microscopy experiments to investigate the existence, distribution and role of CD34+ SCs/TCs in the EAE-induced mouse spleen. Interestingly, immunohistochemistry, double-immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy results revealed that CD34+ SCs/TCs were significantly upregulated in the EAE mouse spleen. Immunohistochemical or double-immunofluorescence staining of CD34+ SCs/TCs showed positive expression for CD34, c-kit, vimentin, CD34/vimentin, c-kit/vimentin and CD34/c-kit, and negative expression for CD31 and tryptase. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results demonstrated that CD34+ SCs/TCs established close connections with lymphocytes, reticular cells, macrophages, endothelial cells and erythrocytes. Furthermore, we also found that M1 (F4/80) or M2 (CD163) macrophages, and haematopoietic, pluripotent stem cells were markedly increased in EAE mice. Our results suggest that CD34+ SCs/TCs are abundant and may play a contributing role in modulating the immune response, recruiting macrophages and proliferation of haematopoietic and pluripotent stem cells following injury to promote tissue repair and regeneration in EAE mouse spleens. This suggests that their transplantation combined with stem cells might represent a promising therapeutic target for the treatment and prevention of multiple autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Dama
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Medicine, Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, East of JinSui Road #601, Xinxiang City, 453003, Henan Province, China
- Department of Community Health, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Xiaoxi Hu
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, East of JinSui Road # 601, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yushan Yan
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, East of JinSui Road # 601, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yonghai Li
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, East of JinSui Road # 601, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Han Li
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, East of JinSui Road # 601, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Fen Yang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Medicine, Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, East of JinSui Road #601, Xinxiang City, 453003, Henan Province, China
- College of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Medicine, Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, East of JinSui Road #601, Xinxiang City, 453003, Henan Province, China.
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, East of JinSui Road # 601, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Juntang Lin
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Medicine, Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, East of JinSui Road #601, Xinxiang City, 453003, Henan Province, China.
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, East of JinSui Road # 601, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
- College of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
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Dermal Telocytes: A Different Viewpoint of Skin Repairing and Regeneration. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233903. [PMID: 36497161 PMCID: PMC9736852 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifteen years after their discovery, telocytes (TCs) are yet perceived as a new stromal cell type. Their presence was initially documented peri-digestively, and gradually throughout the interstitia of many (non-)cavitary mammalian, human, and avian organs, including skin. Each time, TCs proved to be involved in diverse spatial relations with elements of interstitial (ultra)structure (blood vessels, nerves, immune cells, etc.). To date, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) remained the single main microscopic technique able to correctly and certainly attest TCs by their well-acknowledged (ultra)structure. In skin, dermal TCs reiterate almost all (ultra)structural features ascribed to TCs in other locations, with apparent direct implications in skin physiology and/or pathology. TCs' uneven distribution within skin, mainly located in stem cell niches, suggests involvement in either skin homeostasis or dermatological pathologies. On the other hand, different skin diseases involve different patterns of disruption of TCs' structure and ultrastructure. TCs' cellular cooperation with other interstitial elements, their immunological profile, and their changes during remission of diseases suggest their role(s) in tissue regeneration/repair processes. Thus, expanding the knowledge on dermal TCs could offer new insights into the natural skin capacity of self-repairing. Moreover, it would become attractive to consider that augmenting dermal TCs' presence/density could become an attractive therapeutic alternative for treating various skin defects.
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Tsiklin IL, Shabunin AV, Kolsanov AV, Volova LT. In Vivo Bone Tissue Engineering Strategies: Advances and Prospects. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153222. [PMID: 35956735 PMCID: PMC9370883 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reconstruction of critical-sized bone defects remains a tremendous challenge for surgeons worldwide. Despite the variety of surgical techniques, current clinical strategies for bone defect repair demonstrate significant limitations and drawbacks, including donor-site morbidity, poor anatomical match, insufficient bone volume, bone graft resorption, and rejection. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) has emerged as a novel approach to guided bone tissue regeneration. BTE focuses on in vitro manipulations with seed cells, growth factors and bioactive scaffolds using bioreactors. The successful clinical translation of BTE requires overcoming a number of significant challenges. Currently, insufficient vascularization is the critical limitation for viability of the bone tissue-engineered construct. Furthermore, efficacy and safety of the scaffolds cell-seeding and exogenous growth factors administration are still controversial. The in vivo bioreactor principle (IVB) is an exceptionally promising concept for the in vivo bone tissue regeneration in a predictable patient-specific manner. This concept is based on the self-regenerative capacity of the human body, and combines flap prefabrication and axial vascularization strategies. Multiple experimental studies on in vivo BTE strategies presented in this review demonstrate the efficacy of this approach. Routine clinical application of the in vivo bioreactor principle is the future direction of BTE; however, it requires further investigation for overcoming some significant limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya L. Tsiklin
- Biotechnology Center “Biotech”, Samara State Medical University, 443079 Samara, Russia
- City Clinical Hospital Botkin, Moscow Healthcare Department, 125284 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-903-621-81-88
| | - Aleksey V. Shabunin
- City Clinical Hospital Botkin, Moscow Healthcare Department, 125284 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandr V. Kolsanov
- Biotechnology Center “Biotech”, Samara State Medical University, 443079 Samara, Russia
| | - Larisa T. Volova
- Biotechnology Center “Biotech”, Samara State Medical University, 443079 Samara, Russia
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Enrichment of Nanofiber Hydrogel Composite with Fractionated Fat Promotes Regenerative Macrophage Polarization and Vascularization for Soft-Tissue Engineering. Plast Reconstr Surg 2022; 149:433e-444e. [PMID: 35196680 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000008872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fractionated fat has been shown to promote dermal regeneration; however, the use of fat grafting for reconstruction of soft-tissue defects is limited because of volume loss over time. The authors have developed a novel approach for engineering of vascularized soft tissue using an injectable nanofiber hydrogel composite enriched with fractionated fat. METHODS Fractionated fat was generated by emulsification of groin fat pads from rats and mixed in a 3:1 ratio with nanofiber hydrogel composite (nanofiber hydrogel composite with fractionated fat). Nanofiber hydrogel composite with fractionated fat or nanofiber hydrogel composite alone was placed into isolation chambers together with arteriovenous loops, which were subcutaneously implanted into the groin of rats (n = 8 per group). After 21 days, animals were euthanized and systemically perfused with ink, and tissue was explanted for histologic analysis. Immunofluorescent staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to quantify CD34+ progenitor cell and macrophage subpopulations. RESULTS Nanofiber hydrogel composite with fractionated fat tissue maintained its shape without shrinking and showed a significantly stronger functional vascularization compared to composite alone after 21 days of implantation (mean vessel count, 833.5 ± 206.1 versus 296.5 ± 114.1; p = 0.04). Tissue heterogeneity and cell count were greater in composite with fractionated fat (mean cell count, 49,707 ± 18,491 versus 9263 ± 3790; p = 0.005), with a significantly higher number of progenitor cells and regenerative CD163+ macrophages compared to composite alone. CONCLUSIONS Fractionated fat-enriched nanofiber hydrogel composite transforms into highly vascularized soft tissue over 21 days without signs of shrinking and promotes macrophage polarization toward regenerative phenotypes. Enrichment of injectable nanofiber hydrogel composite with fractionated fat represents a promising approach for durable reconstruction of soft-tissue defects. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT The authors' approach for tissue engineering may ultimately lay the groundwork for clinically relevant applications with the goal of generating large volumes of vascularized soft tissue for defect reconstruction without donor site morbidity.
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Cucu I, Nicolescu MI. A Synopsis of Signaling Crosstalk of Pericytes and Endothelial Cells in Salivary Gland. Dent J (Basel) 2021; 9:dj9120144. [PMID: 34940041 PMCID: PMC8700478 DOI: 10.3390/dj9120144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The salivary gland (SG) microvasculature constitutes a dynamic cellular organization instrumental to preserving tissue stability and homeostasis. The interplay between pericytes (PCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) culminates as a key ingredient that coordinates the development, maturation, and integrity of vessel building blocks. PCs, as a variety of mesenchymal stem cells, enthrall in the field of regenerative medicine, supporting the notion of regeneration and repair. PC-EC interconnections are pivotal in the kinetic and intricate process of angiogenesis during both embryological and post-natal development. The disruption of this complex interlinkage corresponds to SG pathogenesis, including inflammation, autoimmune disorders (Sjögren’s syndrome), and tumorigenesis. Here, we provided a global portrayal of major signaling pathways between PCs and ECs that cooperate to enhance vascular steadiness through the synergistic interchange. Additionally, we delineated how the crosstalk among molecular networks affiliate to contribute to a malignant context. Additionally, within SG microarchitecture, telocytes and myoepithelial cells assemble a labyrinthine companionship, which together with PCs appear to synchronize the regenerative potential of parenchymal constituents. By underscoring the intricacy of signaling cascades within cellular latticework, this review sketched a perceptive basis for target-selective drugs to safeguard SG function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Cucu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mihnea Ioan Nicolescu
- Division of Histology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, “Victor Babeș” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
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Sparks DS, Savi FM, Saifzadeh S, Schuetz MA, Wagels M, Hutmacher DW. Convergence of Scaffold-Guided Bone Reconstruction and Surgical Vascularization Strategies-A Quest for Regenerative Matching Axial Vascularization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 7:448. [PMID: 31998712 PMCID: PMC6967032 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalent challenge facing tissue engineering today is the lack of adequate vascularization to support the growth, function, and viability of tissue engineered constructs (TECs) that require blood vessel supply. The research and clinical community rely on the increasing knowledge of angiogenic and vasculogenic processes to stimulate a clinically-relevant vascular network formation within TECs. The regenerative matching axial vascularization approach presented in this manuscript incorporates the advantages of flap-based techniques for neo-vascularization yet also harnesses the in vivo bioreactor principle in a more directed "like for like" approach to further assist regeneration of the specific tissue type that is lost, such as a corticoperiosteal flap in critical sized bone defect reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Sparks
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.,Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.,Southside Clinical Division, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Flavia Medeiros Savi
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Siamak Saifzadeh
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.,Medical Engineering Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Chermside, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael A Schuetz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia.,Jamieson Trauma Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael Wagels
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.,Southside Clinical Division, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.,Australian Centre for Complex Integrated Surgical Solutions, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Dietmar W Hutmacher
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.,ARC Centre for Additive Bio-Manufacturing, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
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Lis-Bartos A, Smieszek A, Frańczyk K, Marycz K. Fabrication, Characterization, and Cytotoxicity of Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Poly(lactic acid) Material Using Human Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Stem Cells (hASCs). Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1073. [PMID: 30960998 PMCID: PMC6403585 DOI: 10.3390/polym10101073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and poly(lactic acid) are types of biocompatible and degradable synthetic polymers required for biomedical applications. Physically blended (TPU+PLA) tissue engineering matrices were produced via solvent casting technique. The following types of polymer blend were prepared: (TPU+PLA) 7:3, (TPU+PLA) 6:4, (TPU+PLA) 4:6, and (TPU+PLA) 3:7. Various methods were employed to characterize the properties of these polymers: surface properties such as morphology (scanning electron microscopy), wettability (goniometry), and roughness (profilometric analysis). Analyses of hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the obtained polymer blends were conducted. Tensile tests demonstrated that the blends exhibited a wide range of mechanical properties. Cytotoxicity of polymers was tested using human multipotent stromal cells derived from adipose tissue (hASC). In vitro assays revealed that (TPU+PLA) 3:7 matrices were the most cytocompatible biomaterials. Cells cultured on (TPU+PLA) 3:7 had proper morphology, growth pattern, and were distinguished by increased proliferative and metabolic activity. Additionally, it appeared that (TPU+PLA) 3:7 biomaterials showed antiapoptotic properties. hASC cultured on these matrices had reduced expression of Bax-α and increased expression of Bcl-2. This study demonstrated the feasibility of producing a biocompatible scaffold form based on (TPU+PLA) blends that have potential to be applied in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lis-Bartos
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Science and Ceramics, Krakow 30-059, Poland.
- Department of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw 50-375, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Smieszek
- Department of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw 50-375, Poland.
| | - Kinga Frańczyk
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, Krakow 30-059, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw 50-375, Poland.
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic-Equine Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, Gießen 35392, Germany.
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Biguetti CC, Cavalla F, Tim CR, Saraiva PP, Orcini W, De Andrade Holgado L, Rennó ACM, Matsumoto MA. Bioactive glass-ceramic bone repair associated or not with autogenous bone: a study of organic bone matrix organization in a rabbit critical-sized calvarial model. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:413-421. [PMID: 29700614 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2450-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to analyze bone matrix (BMX) organization after bone grafting and repair using a new bioactive glass-ceramic (Biosilicate®) associated or not with particulate autogenous bone graft. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty rabbits underwent surgical bilateral parietal defects and divided into groups according to the materials used: (C) control-blood clot, (BG) particulate autogenous bone, (BS) bioactive glass-ceramic, and BG + BS. After 7, 14, and 30 days post-surgery, a fragment of each specimen was fixed in - 80 °C liquid nitrogen for zymographic evaluation, while the remaining was fixed in 10% formalin for histological birefringence analysis. RESULTS The results of this study demonstrated that matrix organization in experimental groups was significantly improved compared to C considering collagenous organization. Zymographic analysis revealed pro-MMP-2, pro-MMP-9, and active (a)-MMP-2 in all groups, showing gradual decrease of total gelatinolytic activity during the periods. At day 7, BG presented more prominent gelatinolytic activity for pro-MMP-2 and 9 and a-MMP-2, when compared to the other groups. In addition, at day 7, a 53% activation ratio (active form/[active form + latent form]) was evident in C group, 33% in BS group, and 31% in BG group. CONCLUSION In general, BS allowed the production of a BMX similar to BG, with organized collagen deposition and MMP-2 and MMP-9 disponibility, permitting satisfactory bone remodeling at the late period. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The evaluation of new bone substitute, with favorable biological properties, opens the possibility for its use as a viable and efficient alternative to autologous bone graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cristina Biguetti
- Research and Postgraduate Pro-Rectory, Universidade do Sagrado Coração - USC, Rua Irmã Arminda 10-50, Jardim Brasil Bauru, SP, 17011-160, Brazil. .,Oral Biology Doctoral's Program, Bauru School of Dentistry, São Paulo University - FOB/USP, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brizola 9-75, Vila Universitária, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil.
| | - Franco Cavalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone 943, Recoleta, Santiago, RM, Chile
| | - Carla Roberta Tim
- Biotechnology Doctoral's Program, São Carlos Federal University - UFSCAR, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, SP-310, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Pinto Saraiva
- Research and Postgraduate Pro-Rectory, Universidade do Sagrado Coração - USC, Rua Irmã Arminda 10-50, Jardim Brasil Bauru, SP, 17011-160, Brazil
| | - Wilson Orcini
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Research and Postgraduate Pro-Rectory, Universidade do Sagrado Coração - USC, Rua Irmã Arminda 10-50, Jardim, 17011-160, Brazil
| | - Leandro De Andrade Holgado
- Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Sagrado Coração - USC, Rua Irmã Arminda 10-50, Jardim Brasil Bauru, SP, 17011-160, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Muniz Rennó
- Department of Bioscience, Federal University of São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista - UNIFESP, Avenida Ana Costa, 95 - Vila Matias, Santos, SP, 11060-001, Brazil
| | - Mariza Akemi Matsumoto
- Discipline of Histology and Embriology, Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University - FOA/UNESP, Rua Paul Harris 1100, Casa 03, Jardim Nova Iorque Araçatuba, SP, 18016-110, Brazil
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Flow-Induced Axial Vascularization: The Arteriovenous Loop in Angiogenesis and Tissue Engineering. Plast Reconstr Surg 2017; 138:825-835. [PMID: 27673517 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000002554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of a viable vascular network providing oxygen supply is identified as one crucial limiting factor to generate more complex three-dimensional constructs. The arteriovenous loop model provides initial blood supply and has a high angioinductive potency, making it suitable for vascularization of larger, tissue-engineered constructs. Also because of its angiogenic capabilities the arteriovenous loop is recently also used as a model to evaluate angiogenesis in vivo. This review summarizes the history of the arteriovenous loop model in research and its technical and surgical aspects. Through modifications of the isolation chamber and its containing matrices, tissue generation can be enhanced. In addition, matrices can be used as release systems for local application of growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor, to affect vascular network formation. A special focus in this review is set on the assessment of angiogenesis in the arteriovenous loop model. This model provides good conditions for assessment of angiogenesis with the initial cell-free environment of the isolation chamber, which is vascularized by the arteriovenous loop. Because of the angiogenic capabilities of the arteriovenous loop model, different attempts were performed to create functional tissue in the isolation chamber for potential clinical application. Arteriovenous loops in combination with autologous bone marrow aspirate were already used to reconstruct large bone defects in humans.
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Oryan A. Tissue Engineering In Burn Wound Healing: Current Modalities and Future Directions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.15406/icpjl.2017.04.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Cretoiu D, Xu J, Xiao J, Cretoiu SM. Telocytes and Their Extracellular Vesicles-Evidence and Hypotheses. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1322. [PMID: 27529228 PMCID: PMC5000719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Entering the new millennium, nobody believed that there was the possibility of discovering a new cellular type. Nevertheless, telocytes (TCs) were described as a novel kind of interstitial cell. Ubiquitously distributed in the extracellular matrix of any tissue, TCs are regarded as cells with telopodes involved in intercellular communication by direct homo- and heterocellular junctions or by extracellular vesicle (EVs) release. Their discovery has aroused the interest of many research groups worldwide, and many researchers regard them as potentially regenerative cells. Given the experience of our laboratory, where these cells were first described, we review the evidence supporting the fact that TCs release EVs, and discuss alternative hypotheses about their future implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragos Cretoiu
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 050474, Romania.
- Victor Babeş National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest 050096, Romania.
| | - Jiahong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China.
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Experimental Center of Life Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Sanda M Cretoiu
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 050474, Romania.
- Victor Babeş National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest 050096, Romania.
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State-of-the-Art Review of 3D Bioprinting for Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering. Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 45:195-209. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1607-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Weigand A, Boos AM, Tasbihi K, Beier JP, Dalton PD, Schrauder M, Horch RE, Beckmann MW, Strissel PL, Strick R. Selective isolation and characterization of primary cells from normal breast and tumors reveal plasticity of adipose derived stem cells. Breast Cancer Res 2016; 18:32. [PMID: 26968831 PMCID: PMC4788819 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-016-0688-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is a need to establish more cell lines from breast tumors in contrast to immortalized cell lines from metastatic effusions in order to represent the primary tumor and not principally metastatic biology of breast cancer. This investigation describes the simultaneous isolation, characterization, growth and function of primary mammary epithelial cells (MEC), mesenchymal cells (MES) and adipose derived stem cells (ADSC) from four normal breasts, one inflammatory and one triple-negative ductal breast tumors. Methods A total of 17 cell lines were established and gene expression was analyzed for MEC and MES (n = 42) and ADSC (n = 48) and MUC1, pan-KRT, CD90 and GATA-3 by immunofluorescence. DNA fingerprinting to track cell line identity was performed between original primary tissues and isolates. Functional studies included ADSC differentiation, tumor MES and MEC invasion co-cultured with ADSC-conditioned media (CM) and MES adhesion and growth on 3D-printed scaffolds. Results Comparative analysis showed higher gene expression of EPCAM, CD49f, CDH1 and KRTs for normal MEC lines; MES lines e.g. Vimentin, CD10, ACTA2 and MMP9; and ADSC lines e.g. CD105, CD90, CDH2 and CDH11. Compared to the mean of all four normal breast cell lines, both breast tumor cell lines demonstrated significantly lower ADSC marker gene expression, but higher expression of mesenchymal and invasion gene markers like SNAI1 and MMP2. When compared with four normal ADSC differentiated lineages, both tumor ADSC showed impaired osteogenic and chondrogenic but enhanced adipogenic differentiation and endothelial-like structures, possibly due to high PDGFRB and CD34. Addressing a functional role for overproduction of adipocytes, we initiated 3D-invasion studies including different cell types from the same patient. CM from ADSC differentiating into adipocytes induced tumor MEC 3D-invasion via EMT and amoeboid phenotypes. Normal MES breast cells adhered and proliferated on 3D-printed scaffolds containing 20 fibers, but not on 2.5D-printed scaffolds with single fiber layers, important for tissue engineering. Conclusion Expression analyses confirmed successful simultaneous cell isolations of three different phenotypes from normal and tumor primary breast tissues. Our cell culture studies support that breast-tumor environment differentially regulates tumor ADSC plasticity as well as cell invasion and demonstrates applications for regenerative medicine. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-016-0688-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Weigand
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Krankenhausstr. 12, Erlangen, D-91054, Germany.
| | - Anja M Boos
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Krankenhausstr. 12, Erlangen, D-91054, Germany
| | - Kereshmeh Tasbihi
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Krankenhausstr. 12, Erlangen, D-91054, Germany
| | - Justus P Beier
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Krankenhausstr. 12, Erlangen, D-91054, Germany
| | - Paul D Dalton
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Schrauder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raymund E Horch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Krankenhausstr. 12, Erlangen, D-91054, Germany
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pamela L Strissel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Reiner Strick
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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15
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Boos AM, Weigand A, Brodbeck R, Beier JP, Arkudas A, Horch RE. The potential role of telocytes in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 55:70-8. [PMID: 26805441 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Research and ideas for potential applications in the field of Tissue Engineering (TE) and Regenerative Medicine (RM) have been constantly increasing over recent years, basically driven by the fundamental human dream of repairing and regenerating lost tissue and organ functions. The basic idea of TE is to combine cells with putative stem cell properties with extracellular matrix components, growth factors and supporting matrices to achieve independently growing tissue. As a side effect, in the past years, more insights have been gained into cell-cell interaction and how to manipulate cell behavior. However, to date the ideal cell source has still to be found. Apart from commonly known various stem cell sources, telocytes (TC) have recently attracted increasing attention because they might play a potential role for TE and RM. It becomes increasingly evident that TC provide a regenerative potential and act in cellular communication through their network-forming telopodes. While TE in vitro experiments can be the first step, the key for elucidating their regenerative role will be the investigation of the interaction of TC with the surrounding tissue. For later clinical applications further steps have to include an upscaling process of vascularization of engineered tissue. Arteriovenous loop models to vascularize such constructs provide an ideal platform for preclinical testing of future therapeutic concepts in RM. The following review article should give an overview of what is known so far about the potential role of TC in TE and RM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja M Boos
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Krankenhausstr. 12, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Annika Weigand
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Krankenhausstr. 12, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rebekka Brodbeck
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Krankenhausstr. 12, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Justus P Beier
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Krankenhausstr. 12, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Arkudas
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Krankenhausstr. 12, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raymund E Horch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Krankenhausstr. 12, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
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16
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Horch RE, Weigand A, Beier JP, Arkudas A, Boos AM. The Potential Role of Telocytes for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 913:139-147. [PMID: 27796885 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-1061-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in surgery, medicine and anaesthesiology as well as the development of microsurgical tissue transplantation, wear out of body parts remains a problem, and organ shortage does not allow to allocate enough donor organs for patients with vital diseases and conditions. The idea to create spare parts or spare organs from the patients own cells by combining engineering approaches to cellular and molecular medicine for th purpose of Tissue Engineering (TE) was fascinating when popularized in the early 1990ies. However clinically success was limited, mainly because of a lack in rapid vascularization of large scale TE replacement constructs useful for clinical purposes. The idea to utilize cells and cytokines to aid the human organism in gradually restoring lost tissue functions has drawn attention to the wider field of Regenerative Medicine (RM). Stem cells and putative stem cells, such as the recently discovered and meanwhile well described interstitial Telocytes, which are comprised of extremely long and thin prolongations named telopodes, may well become active players in the regenerative process. This article highlights the principles of TE and RM and the potential role of Telocytes with regard to tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymund E Horch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg FAU, Krankenhausstrasse 12, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Annika Weigand
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg FAU, Krankenhausstrasse 12, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Justus P Beier
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg FAU, Krankenhausstrasse 12, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Arkudas
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg FAU, Krankenhausstrasse 12, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja M Boos
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg FAU, Krankenhausstrasse 12, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
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Snyder J, Rin Son A, Hamid Q, Wang C, Lui Y, Sun W. Mesenchymal stem cell printing and process regulated cell properties. Biofabrication 2015; 7:044106. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/7/4/044106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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van Zuijlen P, Gardien K, Jaspers M, Bos EJ, Baas DC, van Trier A, Middelkoop E. Tissue engineering in burn scar reconstruction. BURNS & TRAUMA 2015; 3:18. [PMID: 27574664 PMCID: PMC4964040 DOI: 10.1186/s41038-015-0017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, most patients with severe burns will survive their injury. This evolution is accompanied by the challenge to cover a large percentage of total body surface area burned. Consequently, more and more patients have to deal with the sequelae of burn scars and require (multiple) reconstructions. This review provides a gross overview of developments in the field of tissue engineering for permanent burn wound coverage and reconstructive burn surgery, focusing on usage and clinical effectiveness. Not only skin substitutes will be discussed but also the replacement of subcutaneous fat tissue and cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ppm van Zuijlen
- Burn Center, Red Cross Hospital, Beverwijk, The Netherlands ; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Red Cross Hospital, Beverwijk, The Netherlands ; Association of Dutch Burn Centers, Beverwijk, The Netherlands ; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, MOVE Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Klm Gardien
- Burn Center, Red Cross Hospital, Beverwijk, The Netherlands ; Association of Dutch Burn Centers, Beverwijk, The Netherlands ; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, MOVE Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meh Jaspers
- Burn Center, Red Cross Hospital, Beverwijk, The Netherlands ; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Red Cross Hospital, Beverwijk, The Netherlands ; Association of Dutch Burn Centers, Beverwijk, The Netherlands ; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, MOVE Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E J Bos
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, MOVE Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D C Baas
- Burn Center, Red Cross Hospital, Beverwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Ajm van Trier
- Burn Center, Red Cross Hospital, Beverwijk, The Netherlands ; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Red Cross Hospital, Beverwijk, The Netherlands
| | - E Middelkoop
- Burn Center, Red Cross Hospital, Beverwijk, The Netherlands ; Association of Dutch Burn Centers, Beverwijk, The Netherlands ; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, MOVE Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Kneser U, Bigdeli AK, Himmler JP, Eyüpoglu IY, Ganslandt O, Hirsch A, Schmidt VJ, Beier JP, Horch RE. Comparison of the Ramirez technique for the closure of large open myelomeningocele defects with alternative methods. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2015; 68:1675-82. [PMID: 26439172 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare the Ramirez technique for the operative closure of large open myelomeningocele defects with conventional closure techniques in newborns. We hypothesized that the immediate surgical treatment with the Ramirez technique is superior to prior used operative techniques. METHODS From 2003 to 2010, 23 children (8 female, 15 male) underwent closure of large open myelomeningocele defects using the Ramirez technique (group A), while from 1993 to 2002, 23 children (6 female, 17 male) underwent conventional closure techniques (group B). All children were included in the retrospective analysis with a mean follow-up period of 3.4 years. RESULTS Perioperative variables were similar in both groups (P = ns). There were no hospital deaths in both groups. The operation time was significantly higher in group A (228.7 ± 76.8 versus 157.8 ± 70.3 min, P = 0.003). Mean length of hospital stay was significantly lower in group A (30.7 ± 16.4 days versus 52.0 ± 38.5; P = 0.02). Postoperative complication rate was significantly lower in group A (P = 0.01). Beyond postoperative day 10, liquor fluid leakage was significantly lower in group A (P = 0.05). During follow-up, there were no complications in group A. In group B, 2 children developed liquor fistulas. CONCLUSIONS The Ramirez technique allows efficient and safe closure of large open myelomeningocele defects and reduces incidence of postoperative liquor fistulae. The increased operation time and surgical efforts seem to be justified. Treatment of large myelomeningocele defects requires an interdisciplinary team including paediatrician-neonatologists, neurosurgeons and plastic surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Kneser
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Ludwig-Guttmann-Strasse 13, 67071 Ludwigshafen, Germany; Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstrasse 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Amir K Bigdeli
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Ludwig-Guttmann-Strasse 13, 67071 Ludwigshafen, Germany; Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstrasse 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Joerg P Himmler
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Paracelcus Medical University, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Ilker Y Eyüpoglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstrasse 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Ganslandt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstrasse 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Almut Hirsch
- Department of Paediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstrasse 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Volker J Schmidt
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Ludwig-Guttmann-Strasse 13, 67071 Ludwigshafen, Germany; Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstrasse 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Justus P Beier
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstrasse 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raymund E Horch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstrasse 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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20
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Bladder Tissue Engineering for Pediatric Urology. CURRENT BLADDER DYSFUNCTION REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11884-015-0318-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Eweida AM, Horch RE, Marei MK, Elhammady HA, Etaby AN, Nabawi AS, Sakr MF. Axially vascularised mandibular constructs: Is it time for a clinical trial? J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2015; 43:1028-32. [PMID: 25958095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Applying regenerative therapies in the field of cranio-maxillofacial reconstruction has now become a daily practice. However, regeneration of challenging or irradiated bone defects following head and neck cancer is still far beyond clinical application. As the key factor for sound regeneration is the development of an adequate vascular supply for the construct, the current modalities using extrinsic vascularization are incapable of regenerating such complex defects. Our group has recently introduced the intrinsic axial vascularization technique to regenerate mandibular defects using the arteriovenous loop (AVL). The technique has shown promising results in terms of efficient vascularization and bone regeneration at the preclinical level. In this article, we have conducted a narrative literature review about using the AVL to vascularize tissue-engineering constructs at the preclinical level. We have also conducted a systematic literature review about applying the technique of axial vascularization in the field of craniofacial regeneration. The versatility of the technique and the possible challenges are discussed, and a suggested protocol for the first clinical trial applying the AVL technique for mandibular reconstruction is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad M Eweida
- Head and Neck and Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Egypt; Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Raymund E Horch
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery Department, Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mona K Marei
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Habashi A Elhammady
- Head and Neck and Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ashraf N Etaby
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ayman S Nabawi
- Head and Neck and Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud F Sakr
- Head and Neck and Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Egypt
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22
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Bei Y, Wang F, Yang C, Xiao J. Telocytes in regenerative medicine. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1441-54. [PMID: 26059693 PMCID: PMC4511344 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) are a distinct type of interstitial cells characterized by a small cell body and extremely long and thin telopodes (Tps). The presence of TCs has been documented in many tissues and organs (go to http://www.telocytes.com). Functionally, TCs form a three-dimensional (3D) interstitial network by homocellular and heterocellular communication and are involved in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. As important interstitial cells to guide or nurse putative stem and progenitor cells in stem cell niches in a spectrum of tissues and organs, TCs contribute to tissue repair and regeneration. This review focuses on the latest progresses regarding TCs in the repair and regeneration of different tissues and organs, including heart, lung, skeletal muscle, skin, meninges and choroid plexus, eye, liver, uterus and urinary system. By targeting TCs alone or in tandem with stem cells, we might promote regeneration and prevent the evolution to irreversible tissue damage. Exploring pharmacological or non-pharmacological methods to enhance the growth of TCs would be a novel therapeutic strategy besides exogenous transplantation for many diseased disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Bei
- Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Experimental Center of Life Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Changqing Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Experimental Center of Life Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai UniversityShanghai, China
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23
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Yuan Q, Bleiziffer O, Boos AM, Sun J, Brandl A, Beier JP, Arkudas A, Schmitz M, Kneser U, Horch RE. PHDs inhibitor DMOG promotes the vascularization process in the AV loop by HIF-1a up-regulation and the preliminary discussion on its kinetics in rat. BMC Biotechnol 2014; 14:112. [PMID: 25543909 PMCID: PMC4298964 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-014-0112-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Arterovenous Loop (AV Loop) model is a vascularization model in tissue engineering research, which is capable of generating a three dimensional in vivo unit with cells as well as the supporting vessels within an isolation chmaber. In our previous studies the AV loop in the isolation chamber was discovered to undergo hypoxia, characterized by Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) up-regulation. The vascularization followed the increase of HIF-α temporally, while it was spatially positively correlated with the HIF-α level, as well. This study aims to prove that HIF-1a up-regulation is the stimulus for vascularization in the AV loop model. METHOD The AV loop model in rats was created by interposing a femoral vein graft into the distal ends of the contralateral femoral artery and vein, and the loop was embeded in fibrin matrix and fixed in isolation chamber. PHD (prolyl hydroxylases) inhibitor DMOG (Dimethyloxallyl Glycine) was applied systemically in the rats in 40 mg/KG at day 0 and day 3 (DMOG-1), or in 15 mg/KG at day 8, day10 and day12 (DMOG-2). Two weeks later the specimens were explanted and underwent morphological and molecular evaluations. RESULTS Compared to the control group, in the DMOG-2 group the HIF-1α positive rate was siginicantly raised as shown in immunohistochemistry staining, accompanied with a smaller cross section area and greater vessel density, and a HIF-1α accumulation in the kidney. The mRNA of HIF-1α and its angiogenic target gene all increased in different extends. Ki67 IHC demostrate more positive cells. There were no significant change in the DMOG-1 group. CONCLUSION By applying DMOG systemically, HIF-1α was up-regulated at the protein level and at the mRNA level, acompanied with angiogenic target gene up-regulateion, and the vascularization was promoted correspondingly. DMOG given at lower dosage constantly after one week tends to have better effect than the group given at larger dosage in the early stage in this model, and promotes cell proliferation, as evidenced by Ki67 IHC. Thus, this study proves that HIF-1a up-regulation is the stimulus for vascularization in the AV loop model and that the process of the vessel outgrowth can be controlled in the AV Loop model utilizing this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Yuan
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen Nuernberg, (FAU), Germany. .,Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Oliver Bleiziffer
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen Nuernberg, (FAU), Germany.
| | - Anja M Boos
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen Nuernberg, (FAU), Germany.
| | - Jiaming Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Andreas Brandl
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen Nuernberg, (FAU), Germany.
| | - Justus P Beier
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen Nuernberg, (FAU), Germany.
| | - Andreas Arkudas
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen Nuernberg, (FAU), Germany.
| | - Marweh Schmitz
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen Nuernberg, (FAU), Germany.
| | - Ulrich Kneser
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen Nuernberg, (FAU), Germany. .,Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Care Unit, BG-Trauma Centre Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
| | - Raymund E Horch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen Nuernberg, (FAU), Germany.
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24
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Boos AM, Weigand A, Deschler G, Gerber T, Arkudas A, Kneser U, Horch RE, Beier JP. Autologous serum improves bone formation in a primary stable silica-embedded nanohydroxyapatite bone substitute in combination with mesenchymal stem cells and rhBMP-2 in the sheep model. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:5317-39. [PMID: 25429218 PMCID: PMC4242408 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s66867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
New therapeutic strategies are required for critical size bone defects, because the gold standard of transplanting autologous bone from an unharmed area of the body often leads to several severe side effects and disadvantages for the patient. For years, tissue engineering approaches have been seeking a stable, axially vascularized transplantable bone replacement suitable for transplantation into the recipient bed with pre-existing insufficient conditions. For this reason, the arteriovenous loop model was developed and various bone substitutes have been vascularized. However, it has not been possible thus far to engineer a primary stable and axially vascularized transplantable bone substitute. For that purpose, a primary stable silica-embedded nanohydroxyapatite (HA) bone substitute in combination with blood, bone marrow, expanded, or directly retransplanted mesenchymal stem cells, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2), and different carrier materials (fibrin, cell culture medium, autologous serum) was tested subcutaneously for 4 or 12 weeks in the sheep model. Autologous serum lead to an early matrix change during degradation of the bone substitute and formation of new bone tissue. The best results were achieved in the group combining mesenchymal stem cells expanded with 60 μg/mL rhBMP-2 in autologous serum. Better ingrowth of fibrovascular tissue could be detected in the autologous serum group compared with the control (fibrin). Osteoclastic activity indicating an active bone remodeling process was observed after 4 weeks, particularly in the group with autologous serum and after 12 weeks in every experimental group. This study clearly demonstrates the positive effects of autologous serum in combination with mesenchymal stem cells and rhBMP-2 on bone formation in a primary stable silica-embedded nano-HA bone grafting material in the sheep model. In further experiments, the results will be transferred to the sheep arteriovenous loop model in order to engineer an axially vascularized primary stable bone replacement in clinically relevant size for free transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja M Boos
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Annika Weigand
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gloria Deschler
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Gerber
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andreas Arkudas
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kneser
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raymund E Horch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Justus P Beier
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg FAU, Erlangen, Germany
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Hübner NF, Horch RE, Polykandriotis E, Rau TT, Dragu A. A histopathologic and immunohistochemical study on liquification of human adipose tissue ex vivo. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2014; 38:976-84. [PMID: 25015550 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-014-0371-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This preliminary ex vivo study aimed to clarify the pathophysiologic mechanisms of fat tissue depletion by subcutaneous drug application. Therefore, the lipolytic effects of phosphatidylcholine plus deoxycholate (Lipostabil) (L) and of deoxycholate (DC) alone were compared with those of sodium chloride (NaCl) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as control agents. The study enrolled 10 patients receiving abdominoplasty. The treatment periods for each sample and solution were 1, 3, 5, and 7 h. The samples were analyzed morphologically using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and also immunohistochemically using Caspase 3 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Morphologic changes were seen best after 5 h of application time. Except for NaCl, all the samples in the H&E staining showed marked damage of adipocyte cell membranes, with the greatest disruption of normal cell architecture after hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) application. Immunohistochemistry using TNF-alpha showed positive results for the deoxycholate and Lipostabil samples and highly positive results for the H2O2 sample. Data from this study indicate that Lipostabil and deoxycholate induce pathways of cell necrosis involving TNF-alpha. These short-term experiments indicate that Lipostabil affects fat tissue in the way of a chemical-toxic destruction rather than via a physiologically induced, programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina-Fee Hübner
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Arrhythmogenic role of the border between two areas of cardiac cell alignment. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 76:227-34. [PMID: 25234041 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study is to develop experimental and computational models of the excitation transition between areas of cardiac tissue with different anatomical anisotropy. Alignment of seeded neonatal rat cardiomyocytes was achieved with the aid of guiding polymer (PMGI) nanofibers, and two areas with orthogonal alignment were placed into a contact. It was found that the excitation wave crossing border between the areas with different alignment direction experiences substantial perturbation, up to the complete conduction block. In addition to the experimental study, this effect was analyzed computationally using generic FitzHugh-Nagumo reaction-diffusion model. It was shown that the non-monotonous changes of the excitation wave velocity on this boundary may be explained by the source/sink mismatch. Thus, the border may play pro-arrhythmogenic role.
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Oerlemans AJM, van Hoek MEC, van Leeuwen E, Dekkers WJM. Hype and expectations in tissue engineering. Regen Med 2014; 9:113-22. [PMID: 24351011 DOI: 10.2217/rme.13.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Scientific progress and the development of new technologies often incite enthusiasm, both in scientists and the public at large, and this is especially apparent in discussions of emerging medical technologies, such as tissue engineering (TE). Future-oriented narratives typically discuss potential applications with much hype and expectations. In this article, we analyze the discourse on TE, its history and the promises present in the discourse surrounding it. Subsequently, we regard discussions about implantable bioartificial kidneys, and consider the concepts of hype and expectations in TE in general. Finally, we discuss what ethically responsible choices should be made in discussing TE to adequately deal with the scientific reality and public expectations surrounding this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke J M Oerlemans
- Scientific Institute for Quality of Healthcare, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101 (IQ 114), 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Ludolph I, Apel H, Horch RE, Beier JP. Treatment of a chronic vesicocutaneous fistula and abdominal wall defect after resection of a soft tissue sarcoma using a bipedicled latissimus dorsi and serratus anterior free flap. Int J Urol 2014; 21:1178-80. [PMID: 25040066 DOI: 10.1111/iju.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We present a surgical treatment for bladder reconstruction in a case of chronic vesicocutaneous radiation-induced fistula and reconstruction of the abdominal wall after resection of a liposarcoma in the rectus abdominis muscle. Fistulas are sequelae after radiotherapy. To regain bladder function and reconstitute abdominal wall stability, a microsurgical flap approach should be considered. A male patient underwent resection of a liposarcoma in the rectus abdominis muscle with adjuvant radiotherapy, suffering from a chronic vesicocutaneous fistula. A bipedicled combined latissimus dorsi and serratus anterior flap was carried out after resection of the fistula for reconstruction of the urine bladder and the abdominal wall. Ascending urethrography 4 weeks postoperatively showed no leakage. In the 4-month follow-up period, no signs of recurrence of the fistula or herniation occurred. A bipedicled flap allowed reconstruction of the urine bladder and the abdominal wall. Using non-irradiated, well-perfused intra-abdominal muscle tissue over the urine bladder prevented recurrence of the fistula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Ludolph
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Horch RE, Hohenberger W, Eweida A, Kneser U, Weber K, Arkudas A, Merkel S, Göhl J, Beier JP. A hundred patients with vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous (VRAM) flap for pelvic reconstruction after total pelvic exenteration. Int J Colorectal Dis 2014; 29:813-23. [PMID: 24752738 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-014-1868-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We analysed the outcomes of a series of 100 consecutive patients with anorectal cancer with neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy and abdominoperineal exstirpation or total pelvic exenteration, who received a transpelvic vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous (VRAM) flap for pelvic, vaginal and/or perineal reconstruction and compare a cohort to patients without VRAM flaps. METHODS Within a 10-year period (2003-2013) in our institution 924 patients with rectal cancer stage y0 to y IV were surgically treated. Data of those 100 consecutive patients who received a transpelvic VRAM flap were collected and compared to patients without flaps. RESULTS In 100 consecutive patients with transpelvic VRAM flaps, major donor site complications occurred in 6 %, VRAM-specific perineal wound complications were observed in 11 % of the patients and overall 30-day mortality was 2 %. CONCLUSIONS The VRAM flap is a reliable and safe method for pelvic reconstruction in patients with advanced disease requiring pelvic exenteration and irradiation, with a relatively low rate of donor and recipient site complications. In this first study, to compare a large number of patients with VRAM flap reconstruction to patients without pelvic VRAM flap reconstruction, a clear advantage of simultaneous pelvic reconstruction is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Horch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Krankenhausstrasse 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany,
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Horch RE, Beier JP, Kneser U, Arkudas A. Successful human long-term application of in situ bone tissue engineering. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:1478-85. [PMID: 24801710 PMCID: PMC4124030 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue Engineering (TE) and Regenerative Medicine (RM) have gained much popularity because of the tremendous prospects for the care of patients with tissue and organ defects. To overcome the common problem of donor-site morbidity of standard autologous bone grafts, we successfully combined tissue engineering techniques for the first time with the arteriovenous loop model to generate vascularized large bone grafts. We present two cases of large bone defects after debridement of an osteomyelitis. One of the defects was localized in the radius and one in the tibia. For osseus reconstruction, arteriovenous loops were created as vascular axis, which were placed in the bony defects. In case 1, the bone generation was achieved using cancellous bone from the iliac crest and fibrin glue and in case 2 using a clinically approved β-tricalciumphosphate/hydroxyapatite (HA), fibrin glue and directly auto-transplanted bone marrow aspirate from the iliac crest. The following post-operative courses were uneventful. The final examinations took place after 36 and 72 months after the initial operations. Computer tomogrphy (CT), membrane resonance imaging (MRI) and doppler ultrasound revealed patent arterio-venous (AV) loops in the bone grafts as well as completely healed bone defects. The patients were pain-free with normal ranges of motion. This is the first study demonstrating successfully axially vascularized in situ tissue engineered bone generation in large bone defects in a clinical scenario using the arteriovenous loop model without creation of a significant donor-site defect utilizing TE and RM techniques in human patients with long-term stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymund E Horch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Taeger CD, Arkudas A, Beier JP, Horch RE. Emergency arterio-venous loop for free-flap defect reconstruction of the lower thigh with a post-irradiated and heavily infected wound. Int Wound J 2014; 12:598-600. [PMID: 24725637 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although being a safe and standardised procedure, free-flap reconstruction can be harmful if unpredictable situations occur intraoperatively. The case presented reveals a situation in which an unscheduled interdisciplinary approach allowed to complete our reconstructive aim. An extensive defect at the thigh was planned for reconstruction by means of a free rectus abdominis flap. As the distant part of the flap showed a compromised perfusion during operation and had to be partially discarded, our colleagues from the vascular surgery department created an arterio-venous loop for anastomosis. This allowed a more distant positioning of the flap and ensured a complete defect reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian D Taeger
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Arkudas
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Justus P Beier
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raymund E Horch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Zhong A, Wang G, Yang J, Xu Q, Yuan Q, Yang Y, Xia Y, Guo K, Horch RE, Sun J. Stromal-epithelial cell interactions and alteration of branching morphogenesis in macromastic mammary glands. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:1257-66. [PMID: 24720804 PMCID: PMC4124011 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
True macromastia is a rare but disabling condition characterized by massive breast growth. The aetiology and pathogenic mechanisms for this disorder remain largely unexplored because of the lack of in vivo or in vitro models. Previous studies suggested that regulation of epithelial cell growth and development by oestrogen was dependent on paracrine growth factors from the stroma. In this study, a co-culture model containing epithelial and stromal cells was used to investigate the interactions of these cells in macromastia. Epithelial cell proliferation and branching morphogenesis were measured to assess the effect of macromastic stromal cells on epithelial cells. We analysed the cytokines secreted by stromal cells and identified molecules that were critical for effects on epithelial cells. Our results indicated a significant increase in cell proliferation and branching morphogenesis of macromastic and non-macromastic epithelial cells when co-cultured with macromastic stromal cells or in conditioned medium from macromastic stromal cells. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a key factor in epithelial–stromal interactions of macromastia-derived cell cultures. Blockade of HGF with neutralizing antibodies dramatically attenuated epithelial cell proliferation in conditioned medium from macromastic stromal cells. The epithelial–stromal cell co-culture model demonstrated reliability for studying interactions of mammary stromal and epithelial cells in macromastia. In this model, HGF secreted by macromastic stromal cells was found to play an important role in modifying the behaviour of co-cultured epithelial cells. This model allows further studies to investigate basic cellular and molecular mechanisms in tissue from patients with true breast hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimei Zhong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Brandl A, Yuan Q, Boos AM, Beier JP, Arkudas A, Kneser U, Horch RE, Bleiziffer O. A novel early precursor cell population from rat bone marrow promotes angiogenesis in vitro. BMC Cell Biol 2014; 15:12. [PMID: 24666638 PMCID: PMC3987126 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-15-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Some studies demonstrated therapeutic angiogenesis attributable to the effects of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC), others have reported disappointing results. This may be due to the fact that EPC populations used in these contradictory studies were selected and defined by highly variable and differing experimental protocols. Indeed, the isolation and reliable characterization of ex vivo differentiated EPC raises considerable problems due to the fact there is no biomarker currently available to specifically identify EPC exclusively. On the other hand traditional differentiation of primary immature bone marrow cells towards the endothelial lineage is a time-consuming process of up to 5 weeks. To circumvent these shortcomings, we herein describe a facile method to isolate and enrich a primary cell population from rat bone marrow, combining differential attachment methodology with cell sorting technology. Results The combination of these techniques enabled us to obtain a pure population of early endothelial precursor cells that show homogenous upregulation of CD31 and VEGF-R2 and that are positive for CD146. These cells exhibited typical sprouting on Matrigel™. Additionally, this population displayed endothelial tube formation when resuspended in Matrigel™ as well as in fibrin glue, demonstrating its functional angiogenic capacity. Moreover, these cells stained positive for DiI-ac-LDL and FITC-UEA, two markers that are commonly considered to stain differentiating EPCs. Based upon these observations in this study we describe a novel and time-saving method for obtaining a pure endothelial precursor cell population as early as 2–3 weeks post isolation that exhibits endothelial abilities in vitro and which still might have retained its early endothelial lineage properties. Conclusion The rapid isolation and the high angiogenic potential of these syngeneic cells might facilitate and accelerate the pre-vascularization of transplanted tissues and organs also in a human setting in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Oliver Bleiziffer
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstrasse 12, Erlangen 91054, Germany.
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Rottensteiner U, Sarker B, Heusinger D, Dafinova D, Rath SN, Beier JP, Kneser U, Horch RE, Detsch R, Boccaccini AR, Arkudas A. In vitro and in vivo Biocompatibility of Alginate Dialdehyde/Gelatin Hydrogels with and without Nanoscaled Bioactive Glass for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2014; 7:1957-1974. [PMID: 28788549 PMCID: PMC5453292 DOI: 10.3390/ma7031957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In addition to good mechanical properties needed for three-dimensional tissue engineering, the combination of alginate dialdehyde, gelatin and nano-scaled bioactive glass (45S5) is supposed to combine excellent cellular adhesion, proliferation and differentiation properties, good biocompatibility and predictable degradation rates. The goal of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility as a first step on the way to its use as a scaffold in bone tissue engineering. In vitro evaluation showed good cell adherence and proliferation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells seeded on covalently crosslinked alginate dialdehyde-gelatin (ADA-GEL) hydrogel films with and without 0.1% nano-Bioglass® (nBG). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)- and mitochondrial activity significantly increased in both ADA-GEL and ADA-GEL-nBG groups compared to alginate. However, addition of 0.1% nBG seemed to have slight cytotoxic effect compared to ADA-GEL. In vivo implantation did not produce a significant inflammatory reaction, and ongoing degradation could be seen after four weeks. Ongoing vascularization was detected after four weeks. The good biocompatibility encourages future studies using ADA-GEL and nBG for bone tissue engineering application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Rottensteiner
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Bapi Sarker
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Dominik Heusinger
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Diana Dafinova
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Subha N Rath
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad 502205, India.
| | - Justus P Beier
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Kneser
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery-Burns Centre, BG Trauma Centre Ludwigshafen and Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 67071 Ludwigshafen, Germany.
| | - Raymund E Horch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Rainer Detsch
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Arkudas
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Ludolph I, Titel T, Beier JP, Dragu A, Schmitz M, Wullich B, Horch RE. Penile reconstruction with dermal template and vacuum therapy in severe skin and soft tissue defects caused by Fournier's gangrene and hidradenitis suppurativa. Int Wound J 2014; 13:77-81. [PMID: 24618357 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this article is to improve the treatment of patients with complete skin loss of the penile shaft after Fournier's gangrene or hidradenitis suppurativa using modern biomatrices and topical negative pressure therapy. From January 2010 to December 2011, three patients with Fournier's gangrene or hidradenitis suppurativa were treated. After initial radical debridements, topical negative pressure therapy was applied for wound stabilisation. After that dermal templates (acellular dermal matrix) were used to achieve early healing and topical negative pressure-dressing in a special setting or a special foam compression bandage was used together with a urinary catheter. After integration of the dermal template, a split-thickness skin graft is used for coverage and again secured with a circular total negative pressure-dressing. In all cases, the split-thickness skin grafts healed very well applying this therapy concept. The patients were very satisfied with the functional as well as with the aesthetic outcome. We suggest a new method of staged reconstruction to successfully preserve the functionality of the penis after complete loss of the skin and soft tissue of the penile shaft using modern biomatrices and topical negative pressure therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Ludolph
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Torsten Titel
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Justus P Beier
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Adrian Dragu
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marweh Schmitz
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wullich
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raymund E Horch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Taeger CD, Müller-Seubert W, Horch RE, Präbst K, Münch F, Geppert CI, Birkholz T, Dragu A. Ischaemia-related cell damage in extracorporeal preserved tissue - new findings with a novel perfusion model. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:885-94. [PMID: 24636195 PMCID: PMC4119394 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue undergoing free transfer in transplant or reconstructive surgery always is at high risk of ischaemia-related cell damage. This study aims at assessing different procedures using an extracorporeal perfusion and oxygenation system to investigate the expression of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1-α as marker for hypoxia and of the pro-apoptotic protein Caspase-3 in skeletal muscle to elucidate potential improvements in tissue conservation. Twenty-four porcine rectus abdominis muscles were assigned to five different groups and examined after they had been extracorporeally preserved for 60 min. time. Group I was left untreated (control), group II was perfused with a cardioplegic solution, group III was flushed with 10 ml of a cardioplegic solution and then left untreated. Group IV and V were perfused and oxygenated with either an isotone crystalloid solution or a cardioplegic solution. Among others, immunohistochemistry (Caspase-3 and HIF-1-α) of muscle samples was performed. Furthermore, oxygen partial pressure in the perfusate at the arterial and venous branch was measured. Expression of Caspase-3 after 60 min. was reduced in all groups compared to the control group. Furthermore, all groups (except group III) expressed less HIF-1-α than the control group. Oxygenation leads to higher oxygen levels at the venous branch compared to groups without oxygenation. Using an extracorporeal perfusion and oxygenation system cell damage could be reduced as indicated by stabilized expressions of Caspase-3 and HIF-1-α for 60 min. of tissue preservation. Complete depletion of oxygen at the venous branch can be prevented by oxygenation of the perfusate with ambient air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian D Taeger
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Boccaccini AR, Kneser U, Arkudas A. Scaffolds for vascularized bone regeneration: advances and challenges. Expert Rev Med Devices 2014; 9:457-60. [DOI: 10.1586/erd.12.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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38
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Eweida AM, Nabawi AS, Abouarab M, Kayed M, Elhammady H, Etaby A, Khalil MR, Shawky MS, Kneser U, Horch RE, Nagy N, Marei MK. Enhancing mandibular bone regeneration and perfusion via axial vascularization of scaffolds. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 18:1671-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-1143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Abstract
Interdisciplinary obesity centers are medically required for the successful treatment of obese patients. Due to the dramatic increase in the number of obese patients needing treatment, it is important to develop interdisciplinary therapy approaches based on clinically and scientifically based knowledge with high levels of evidence. The recent S3 guideline "Surgery of the obese" represents such an evidence-based interdisciplinary approach. In this concept, postbariatric plastic surgery has also been integrated. This article presents an evidence-based therapy algorithm that was developed.
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Horch RE, Boos AM, Quan Y, Bleiziffer O, Detsch R, Boccaccini AR, Alexiou C, Sun J, Beier JP, Arkudas A. Cancer research by means of tissue engineering--is there a rationale? J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:1197-206. [PMID: 24118692 PMCID: PMC4159017 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) has evoked new hopes for the cure of organ failure and tissue loss by creating functional substitutes in the laboratory. Besides various innovations in the context of Regenerative Medicine (RM), TE also provided new technology platforms to study mechanisms of angiogenesis and tumour cell growth as well as potentially tumour cell spreading in cancer research. Recent advances in stem cell technology--including embryonic and adult stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells--clearly show the need to better understand all relevant mechanisms to control cell growth when such techniques will be administered to patients. Such TE-Cancer research models allow us to investigate the interactions that occur when replicating physiological and pathological conditions during the initial phases of replication, morphogenesis, differentiation and growth under variable given conditions. Tissue microenvironment has been extensively studied in many areas of TE and it plays a crucial role in cell signalling and regulation of normal and malignant cell functions. This article is intended to give an overview on some of the most recent developments and possible applications of TE and RM methods with regard to the improvement of cancer research with TE platforms. The synthesis of TE with innovative methods of molecular biology and stem-cell technology may help investigate and potentially modulate principal phenomena of tumour growth and spreading, as well as tumour-related angiogenesis. In the future, these models have the potential to investigate the optimal materials, culture conditions and material structure to propagate tumour growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymund E Horch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Emerging Fields Initiative, FAU Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Myogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in a newly developed neurotised AV-loop model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:935046. [PMID: 24106724 PMCID: PMC3782807 DOI: 10.1155/2013/935046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Generation of axially vascularized muscle tissue constitutes a promising new approach to restoration of damaged muscle tissue. Mesenchymal stemcells (MSC), with their ability to be expanded to large cell numbers without losing their differentiation capacity into the myogenic lineage, could offer a promising cell source to generate neomuscle tissue. In vitro experiments showed that cocultures of primary myoblasts and MSC undergo myogenic differentiation by stimulation with bFGF and dexamethasone. A newly developed AV-Loop model with neurotization was established in this study. It encompasses axial vascularization and the additional implantation of a motor nerve serving as myogenic stimulator. Myoblasts and MSCs were coimplantated in a prevascularized isolation chamber. Cells were differentiated by addition of bFGF and dexamethasone plus implantation of a motor nerve. After 8 weeks, we could observe areas of myogenic differentiation with α-sarcomeric actin and MHC expression in the constructs. Quantitative PCR analysis showed an expression of myogenic markers in all specimens. Thus, neurotization and addition of bFGF and dexamethasone allow myogenic differentiation of MSC in an axially vascularized in vivo model for the first time. These findings are a new step towards clinical applicability of skeletal muscle tissue engineering and display its potential for regenerative medicine.
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Stanger KM, Albert F, Kneser U, Bogdan C, Horch RE. Management of chronic osteomyelitis of the tibia with life-threatening complications under negative pressure wound therapy and isolation of Helcococcus kunzii. Int Wound J 2013; 12:443-6. [PMID: 23855685 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the case of an 86-year-old man with severe wound infection originating from a chronic crural ulcer of the lower limb, which under negative pressure wound therapy led to excessive tissue necrosis and perforation of the anterior tibial artery. A swab taken 10 and 7 days preoperatively was positive for Helcococcus kunzii. H. kunzii has been described as a potentially pathogenic organism. The questions whether the negative pressure wound therapy itself caused the bleeding or the negative pressure wound therapy, which generates an anaerobic atmosphere, has triggered the growth and invasion of the facultative anaerobic bacterium H. kunzii and owing to the infection the artery perforated or whether the bacteria has no influence at all remain currently unanswered. After surgical debridement the signs of infection were completely eliminated, and a free musculocutaneous flap led to rapid healing of the wound. Following which H. kunzii was no longer detectable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin M Stanger
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frauke Albert
- Microbiology Institute, Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kneser
- Department of Hand-, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Bogdan
- Microbiology Institute, Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raymund E Horch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Experimental total wrapping of breast implants with acellular dermal matrix: a preventive tool against capsular contracture in breast surgery? J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2013; 66:1382-9. [PMID: 23764323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2013.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Capsular contracture remains a hitherto unsolved complication after implantation of silicone gel-filled breast prostheses. Based on clinical and experimental data, the use of an acellular dermal matrix as a sheath around implants may lead to lesser capsular contracture acting as a proposed biological environment mimicking wound bed tissue. The aim of our study was to analyse the tissue reaction after implantation of silicone prosthesis with and without an envelope of acellular dermal matrix. METHODS Implantation of 60 silicone prostheses in the back of Lewis rats were carried out, randomly paired taking one rat from group A and one from group B. Group A included implants completely enveloped with xenogenic acellular dermis and group B undraped silicone implants. At 3, 6 and 12 weeks postoperatively, the samples were explanted and subjected to histological and immunohistochemical evaluation. RESULTS A new myofibroblast tissue layer was identified in proximity to the implant in both groups. The thickness of the layer in group A was continuously thinner than in group B regarding the different explantation time points. Implants completely wrapped with acellular dermal matrix showed significantly lesser inflammatory signs at 3 and 12 weeks after implantation compared to controls. Cell proliferation after 12 weeks was significantly decreased in group A. CONCLUSION The slight myofibroblast layer and reduced rate of inflammation and proliferation in the treatment group show a positive effect of total acellular dermal matrix envelope and hypothesise the decrease of capsular contracture in long-term periods.
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Schnürer S, Beier JP, Croner R, Rieker RJ, Horch RE. [Pathogenesis, classification and diagnosis of necrotizing soft tissue infections]. Chirurg 2013; 83:943-52. [PMID: 23011149 DOI: 10.1007/s00104-012-2281-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Necrotizing soft tissue infections are caused by a variety of pathogens and may affect different types of soft tissue. Even today mortality and lethality are very high. The primary symptoms of necrotizing soft tissue infections are local pain out of proportion, swelling, erythema and crepitation in cases of subcutaneous gas. A systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is often associated. During the last decades early recognition and initiation of an adequate therapy were able to reduce lethality to an average of 20%. The physical examination remains the diagnostic gold standard and may be supported by typical findings of imaging technologies, e.g. subcutaneous gas on x-rays and laboratory tests. After diagnosis an adequate antibiotic and surgical therapy should be performed immediately.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schnürer
- Plastisch- und Handchirurgische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Deutschland.
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Eweida AM, Lang W, Schmitz M, Horch RE. Salvage of a free radial forearm flap by creation of an arteriovenous fistula at the distal arterial pedicle. Microsurgery 2013; 33:391-5. [DOI: 10.1002/micr.22089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad M. Eweida
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; University Hospital Erlangen; Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; Germany
- Department of Head and Neck and Endocrine Surgery; Faculty of Medicine; University of Alexandria; Egypt
| | - Werner Lang
- Department of Vascular Surgery; University Hospital Erlangen; Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; Germany
| | - Marweh Schmitz
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; University Hospital Erlangen; Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; Germany
| | - Raymund E. Horch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; University Hospital Erlangen; Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; Germany
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Cretoiu SM, Cretoiu D, Marin A, Radu BM, Popescu LM. Telocytes: ultrastructural, immunohistochemical and electrophysiological characteristics in human myometrium. Reproduction 2013; 145:357-70. [PMID: 23404846 PMCID: PMC3636525 DOI: 10.1530/rep-12-0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) have been described in various organs and species (www.telocytes.com) as cells with telopodes (Tps) – very long cellular extensions with an alternation of thin segments (podomers) and dilated portions (podoms). We examined TCs using electron microscopy (EM), immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), time-lapse videomicroscopy and whole-cell patch voltage clamp. EM showed a three-dimensional network of dichotomous-branching Tps, a labyrinthine system with homocellular and heterocellular junctions. Tps release extracellular vesicles (mean diameter of 160.6±6.9 nm in non-pregnant myometrium and 171.6±4.6 nm in pregnant myometrium), sending macromolecular signals to neighbouring cells. Comparative measurements (non-pregnant and pregnant myometrium) of podomer thickness revealed values of 81.94±1.77 vs 75.53±1.81 nm, while the podoms' diameters were 268.6±8.27 vs 316.38±17.56 nm. IHC as well as IF revealed double c-kit and CD34 positive results. Time-lapse videomicroscopy of cell culture showed dynamic interactions between Tps and myocytes. In non-pregnant myometrium, patch-clamp recordings of TCs revealed a hyperpolarisation-activated chloride inward current with calcium dependence and the absence of L-type calcium channels. TCs seem to have no excitable properties similar to the surrounding smooth muscle cells (SMCs). In conclusion, this study shows the presence of TCs as a distinct cell type in human non-pregnant and pregnant myometrium and describes morphometric differences between the two physiological states. In addition, we provide a preliminary in vitro electrophysiological evaluation of the non-pregnant state, suggesting that TCs could influence timing of the contractile activity of SMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanda M Cretoiu
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 050474, Romania
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Arkudas A, Balzer A, Buehrer G, Arnold I, Hoppe A, Detsch R, Newby P, Fey T, Greil P, Horch RE, Boccaccini AR, Kneser U. Evaluation of angiogenesis of bioactive glass in the arteriovenous loop model. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2013. [PMID: 23189952 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2012.0572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the angiogenetic effect of sintered 45S5 Bioglass® was quantitatively assessed for the first time in the arteriovenous loop (AVL) model. An AVL was created by interposition of a venous graft from the contralateral side between the femoral artery and vein in the medial thigh of eight rats. The loop was placed in a Teflon isolation chamber and was embedded in a sintered 45S5 Bioglass® granula matrix filled with fibrin gel. Specimens were investigated 3 weeks postoperatively by means of microcomputed tomography, histological, and morphometrical techniques. All animals tolerated the operations well. At 3 weeks, both microcomputed tomography and histology demonstrated a dense network of newly formed vessels originating from the AVL. All constructs were filled with cell-rich, highly vascularized connective tissue around the vascular axis. Analysis of vessel diameter revealed constant small vessel diameters, indicating immature new vessel sprouts. This study shows for the first time axial vascularization of a sintered 45S5 Bioglass® granula matrix. After 3 weeks, the newly generated vascular network already interfused most parts of the scaffolds and showed signs of immaturity. The intrinsic type of vascularization allows transplantation of the entire construct using the AVL pedicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Arkudas
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Erlangen Medical Center, Erlangen, Germany.
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