1
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Liu S, Hong Y, Wang BR, Wei ZQ, Zhao HD, Jiang T, Zhang YD, Shi JQ. The presence and clinical significance of autoantibodies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a narrative review. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:4133-4149. [PMID: 38733435 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07581-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a debilitating and rapidly fatal neurodegenerative disease, which is characterized by the selective loss of the upper and lower motor neurons. The pathogenesis of ALS remains to be elucidated and has been connected to genetic, environmental and immune conditions. Evidence from clinical and experimental studies has suggested that the immune system played an important role in ALS pathophysiology. Autoantibodies are essential components of the immune system. Several autoantibodies directed at antigens associated with ALS pathogenesis have been identified in the serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid of ALS patients. The aim of this review is to summarize the presence and clinical significance of autoantibodies in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Liu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, PR China
| | - Ye Hong
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, PR China
| | - Bian-Rong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, PR China
| | - Zi-Qiao Wei
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 211166, PR China
| | - Hong-Dong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, PR China
| | - Teng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, PR China
| | - Ying-Dong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, PR China
| | - Jian-Quan Shi
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, PR China.
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2
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Mimic S, Aru B, Pehlivanoğlu C, Sleiman H, Andjus PR, Yanıkkaya Demirel G. Immunology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - role of the innate and adaptive immunity. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1277399. [PMID: 38105925 PMCID: PMC10723830 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1277399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to summarize the latest evidence about the role of innate and adaptive immunity in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). ALS is a devastating neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons, which involves essential cells of the immune system that play a basic role in innate or adaptive immunity, that can be neurotoxic or neuroprotective for neurons. However, distinguishing between the sole neurotoxic or neuroprotective function of certain cells such as astrocytes can be challenging due to intricate nature of these cells, the complexity of the microenvironment and the contextual factors. In this review, in regard to innate immunity we focus on the involvement of monocytes/macrophages, microglia, the complement, NK cells, neutrophils, mast cells, and astrocytes, while regarding adaptive immunity, in addition to humoral immunity the most important features and roles of T and B cells are highlighted, specifically different subsets of CD4+ as well as CD8+ T cells. The role of autoantibodies and cytokines is also discussed in distinct sections of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mimic
- Centre for Laser Microscopy, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Jean Giaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Başak Aru
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Cemil Pehlivanoğlu
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Hadi Sleiman
- Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Pavle R. Andjus
- Centre for Laser Microscopy, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Jean Giaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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3
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Li X, Armon C, Barkhaus P, Barnes B, Benatar M, Bertorini T, Bromberg M, Carter GT, Crayle J, Cudkowicz M, Dimachkie M, Feldman EL, Glass J, Goslinga J, Heiman-Patterson T, Jhooty S, Lichtenstein R, Lund I, Mcdermott C, Pattee G, Pierce K, Ratner D, Salmon K, Wicks P, Bedlack R. ALSUntangled #67: rituximab. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2023; 24:544-547. [PMID: 36106861 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2022.2122845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
ALSUntangled reviews alternative and off-label treatments on behalf of people with ALS who ask about them. Here we review rituximab, a drug which specifically depletes B lymphocytes. We show a current lack of evidence for a role of these cells in ALS progression. The one patient we found who described using Rituximab for their ALS found no benefit. Given all this, and the known serious risks of rituximab, we advise against its use as an ALS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Carmel Armon
- Department of Neurology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Paul Barkhaus
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Benjamin Barnes
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Michael Benatar
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tulio Bertorini
- Neurology Department, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mark Bromberg
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Gregory T Carter
- Department of Rehabilitation, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Jesse Crayle
- Neurology Department, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Merit Cudkowicz
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mazen Dimachkie
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Eva L Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jonathan Glass
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jill Goslinga
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Sartaj Jhooty
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rachel Lichtenstein
- Avram and Stella Goren-Goldstein Biotechnology Engineering Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Isaac Lund
- Undergraduate, Green Hope High School, Cary, NC, USA
| | | | - Gary Pattee
- Department of Neurology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Pierce
- Department of Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dylan Ratner
- Undergraduate, Longmeadow High School, Longmeadow, MA, USA
| | - Kristiana Salmon
- Department of Neurology, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, CA and
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4
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Metabolomics as a Crucial Tool to Develop New Therapeutic Strategies for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090864. [PMID: 36144268 PMCID: PMC9503806 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Alzheimer’s (AD), Parkinson’s (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), share common pathological mechanisms, including metabolism alterations. However, their specific neuronal cell types affected and molecular biomarkers suggest that there are both common and specific alterations regarding metabolite levels. In this review, we were interested in identifying metabolite alterations that have been reported in preclinical models of NDs and that have also been documented as altered in NDs patients. Such alterations could represent interesting targets for the development of targeted therapy. Importantly, the translation of such findings from preclinical to clinical studies is primordial for the study of possible therapeutic agents. We found that N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), myo-inositol, and glutamate are commonly altered in the three NDs investigated here. We also found other metabolites commonly altered in both AD and PD. In this review, we discuss the studies reporting such alterations and the possible pathological mechanism underlying them. Finally, we discuss clinical trials that have attempted to develop treatments targeting such alterations. We conclude that the treatment combination of both common and differential alterations would increase the chances of patients having access to efficient treatments for each ND.
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5
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Exploring the management approaches of cytokines including viral infection and neuroinflammation for neurological disorders. Cytokine 2022; 157:155962. [PMID: 35853395 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Considerable evidence supports that cytokines are important mediators of pathophysiologic processes within the central nervous system (CNS). Numerous studies have documented the increased production of various cytokines in the human CNS in various neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Deciphering cytokine actions in the intact CNS has important implications for our understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of these disorders. The purpose of this study is to discuss the recent research on treating cytokine storm and amyloids, including stroke, Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's condition, Multi-sclerosis (MS), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Neuroinflammation observed in neurological disorders has a pivotal role in exacerbating Aβ burden and tau hyperphosphorylation, suggesting that stimulating cytokines in response to an undesirable external response could be a checkpoint for treating neurological disorders. Furthermore, the pro-inflammatory cytokines help our immune system through a neuroprotective mechanism in clearing viral infection by recruiting mononuclear cells. This study reveals that cytokine applications may play a vital role in providing novel regulation and methods for the therapeutic approach to neurological disorders and the causes of the deregulation, which is responsible for neuroinflammation and viral infection. However, it needs to be further investigated to clarify better the mechanisms of cytokine release in response to various stimuli, which could be the central point for treating neurological disorders.
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6
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Ceramide and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Their Potential Involvement in Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147806. [PMID: 35887154 PMCID: PMC9324343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (ND) are progressive diseases of the nervous system, often without resolutive therapy. They are characterized by a progressive impairment and loss of specific brain regions and neuronal populations. Cellular and animal model studies have identified several molecular mechanisms that play an important role in the pathogenesis of ND. Among them are alterations of lipids, in particular sphingolipids, that play a crucial role in neurodegeneration. Overall, during ND, ceramide-dependent pro-apoptotic signalling is promoted, whereas levels of the neuroprotective spingosine-1-phosphate are reduced. Moreover, ND are characterized by alterations of the metabolism of complex sphingolipids. The finding that altered sphingolipid metabolism has a role in ND suggests that its modulation might provide a useful strategy to identify targets for possible therapies. In this review, based on the current literature, we will discuss how bioactive sphingolipids (spingosine-1-phosphate and ceramide) are involved in some ND (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) and their possible involvement in therapies.
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7
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Yu W, Ying J, Wang X, Liu X, Zhao T, Yoon S, Zheng Q, Fang Y, Yang D, Hua F. The Involvement of Lactosylceramide in Central Nervous System Inflammation Related to Neurodegenerative Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:691230. [PMID: 34349634 PMCID: PMC8326838 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.691230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a class of slow-progressing terminal illnesses characterized by neuronal lesions, such as multiple sclerosis [MS, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)]. Their incidence increases with age, and the associated burden on families and society will become increasingly more prominent with aging of the general population. In recent years, there is growing studies have shown that lactosylceramide (LacCer) plays a crucial role in the progression of neurodegeneration, although these diseases have different pathogenic mechanisms and etiological characteristics. Based on latest research progress, this study expounds the pathogenic role of LacCer in driving central nervous system (CNS) inflammation, as well as the role of membrane microstructure domain (lipid rafts) and metabolite gangliosides, and discusses in detail their links with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, with a view to providing new strategies and ideas for the study of pathological mechanisms and drug development for neurodegenerative diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Ying
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Xifeng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Tiancheng Zhao
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sungtae Yoon
- Helping Minds International Charitable Foundation, New York, NY, United States
| | - Qingcui Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Yang Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Danying Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Fuzhou Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
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8
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Sipione S, Monyror J, Galleguillos D, Steinberg N, Kadam V. Gangliosides in the Brain: Physiology, Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Applications. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:572965. [PMID: 33117120 PMCID: PMC7574889 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.572965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids highly abundant in the nervous system, and carry most of the sialic acid residues in the brain. Gangliosides are enriched in cell membrane microdomains ("lipid rafts") and play important roles in the modulation of membrane proteins and ion channels, in cell signaling and in the communication among cells. The importance of gangliosides in the brain is highlighted by the fact that loss of function mutations in ganglioside biosynthetic enzymes result in severe neurodegenerative disorders, often characterized by very early or childhood onset. In addition, changes in the ganglioside profile (i.e., in the relative abundance of specific gangliosides) were reported in healthy aging and in common neurological conditions, including Huntington's disease (HD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), stroke, multiple sclerosis and epilepsy. At least in HD, PD and in some forms of epilepsy, experimental evidence strongly suggests a potential role of gangliosides in disease pathogenesis and potential treatment. In this review, we will summarize ganglioside functions that are crucial to maintain brain health, we will review changes in ganglioside levels that occur in major neurological conditions and we will discuss their contribution to cellular dysfunctions and disease pathogenesis. Finally, we will review evidence of the beneficial roles exerted by gangliosides, GM1 in particular, in disease models and in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Sipione
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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9
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Lai JD, Ichida JK. C9ORF72 protein function and immune dysregulation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurosci Lett 2019; 713:134523. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Alpaydın Baslo S, Erdoğan M, Balçık ZE, Öztürk O, Ataklı D. Is Hirayama a Gq1b disease? Neurol Sci 2019; 40:1743-1747. [PMID: 30798387 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-03758-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sezin Alpaydın Baslo
- Department of Neurology, University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Prof. Dr. Mazhar Osman Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatric, Neurologic, and Neurosurgical Diseases, Zuhuratbaba mah. Dr. Tevfik Sağlam cad. No: 25/2 Posta Kodu: 34147 Bakırköy, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mücahid Erdoğan
- Department of Neurology, University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Prof. Dr. Mazhar Osman Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatric, Neurologic, and Neurosurgical Diseases, Zuhuratbaba mah. Dr. Tevfik Sağlam cad. No: 25/2 Posta Kodu: 34147 Bakırköy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Ezgi Balçık
- Department of Neurology, University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Prof. Dr. Mazhar Osman Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatric, Neurologic, and Neurosurgical Diseases, Zuhuratbaba mah. Dr. Tevfik Sağlam cad. No: 25/2 Posta Kodu: 34147 Bakırköy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oya Öztürk
- Department of Neurology, University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Prof. Dr. Mazhar Osman Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatric, Neurologic, and Neurosurgical Diseases, Zuhuratbaba mah. Dr. Tevfik Sağlam cad. No: 25/2 Posta Kodu: 34147 Bakırköy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Ataklı
- Department of Neurology, University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Prof. Dr. Mazhar Osman Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatric, Neurologic, and Neurosurgical Diseases, Zuhuratbaba mah. Dr. Tevfik Sağlam cad. No: 25/2 Posta Kodu: 34147 Bakırköy, Istanbul, Turkey
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11
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Lanznaster D, de Assis DR, Corcia P, Pradat PF, Blasco H. Metabolomics Biomarkers: A Strategy Toward Therapeutics Improvement in ALS. Front Neurol 2018; 9:1126. [PMID: 30619076 PMCID: PMC6305341 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.01126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers research in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) holds the promise of improving ALS diagnosis, follow-up of patients, and clinical trials outcomes. Metabolomics have a big impact on biomarkers identification. In this mini-review, we provide the main findings of metabolomics studies in ALS and discuss the most relevant therapeutics attempts that targeted some prominent alterations found in ALS, like glutamate excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, alterations in energetic metabolism, and creatinine levels. Metabolomics studies have reported putative diagnosis or prognosis biomarkers, but discrepancies among these studies did not allow validation of metabolic biomarkers for clinical use in ALS. In this context, we wonder whether metabolomics knowledge could improve ALS therapeutics. As metabolomics identify specific metabolic pathways modified by disease progression and/or treatment, we support that adjuvant or combined treatment should be used to rescue these pathways, creating a new perspective for ALS treatment. Some ongoing clinical trials are already trying to target these pathways. As clinical trials in ALS have been disappointing and considering the heterogeneity of the disease presentation, we support the application of a pharmacometabolomic approach to evaluate the individual response to drug treatments and their side effects, enabling the development of personalized treatments for ALS. We suggest that the best strategy to apply metabolomics for ALS therapeutics progress is to establish a metabolic signature for ALS patients in order to improve the knowledge of patient metabotypes, to choose the most adequate pharmacological treatment, and to follow the drug response and side effects, based on metabolomics biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philippe Corcia
- Université de Tours, Inserm U1253, Tours, France.,Centre Constitutif SLA, CHRU Bretonneau, Tours, France.,Federation des centres SLA de Tours et Limoges, LITORALS, Tours, France
| | - Pierre-François Pradat
- Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux, Centre Référent Maladie Rare SLA, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France.,Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute Ulster University, C-TRIC, Altnagelvin Hospital, Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Hélène Blasco
- Université de Tours, Inserm U1253, Tours, France.,Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
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12
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Takahashi H, Noto YI, Makita N, Kushimura-Okada Y, Ishii R, Tanaka A, Ohara T, Nakane S, Higuchi O, Nakagawa M, Mizuno T. Myasthenic symptoms in anti-low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 antibody-seropositive amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: two case reports. BMC Neurol 2016; 16:229. [PMID: 27863479 PMCID: PMC5116211 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-016-0758-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myasthenic symptoms can be present in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). These symptoms have been considered to be caused by the degeneration of distal motor neurons and the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Recent studies suggested that antibody to low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4) was a pathogenic agent of myasthenia gravis (MG), and it was also detected in ALS patients. CASE PRESENTATION Patient 1: A 58-year-old Japanese man developed progressive weakness and subsequent myasthenic symptoms including oculomotor disturbance. Clinical examination and electrophysiological studies confirmed upper and lower motor neuron involvement and NMJ dysfunction, and anti-LRP4 antibody was detected in his serum. A series of immunotherapies, including steroid pulse therapy, intravenous immunoglobulin, and plasmapheresis, was performed, and the myasthenic symptoms partially improved. The titer of anti-LRP4 antibody subsequently decreased. However, the therapeutic effect was transient, and ALS symptoms progressed. His clinical findings fulfilled the criteria of probable ALS using the Awaji criteria. Patient 2: A 74-year-old Japanese man suffered from progressive weakness of all limbs and dropped head in the evening. He complained of diplopia with a lateral horizontal gaze. Probable ALS was diagnosed because of the upper and lower motor neuron signs, whereas anti-LRP4 antibody was detected. Several immunotherapies were administered, and the myasthenic symptoms partially responded to each therapy. However, the truncal muscle weakness progressed, and he died of respiratory failure. CONCLUSION We report two anti-LRP4 antibody-seropositive ALS patients with myasthenia who were not typical of ALS patients, and showed partial responses to immunotherapies. The anti-LRP4 antibody-seropositive status may influence developing ALS and cause additional ALS symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan.,Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Maizuru Medical Center, Maizuru, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichi Noto
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan.
| | - Naoki Makita
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan
| | - Yukie Kushimura-Okada
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Ishii
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tanaka
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ohara
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan
| | - Shunya Nakane
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Higuchi
- Department of Clinical Research, Nagasaki Kawatana Medical Center, Kawatana, Japan
| | - Masanori Nakagawa
- Director of North Medical Center, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiki Mizuno
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan
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13
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Li D, Usuki S, Quarles B, Rivner MH, Ariga T, Yu RK. Anti-Sulfoglucuronosyl Paragloboside Antibody: A Potential Serologic Marker of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. ASN Neuro 2016; 8:8/5/1759091416669619. [PMID: 27683876 PMCID: PMC5043593 DOI: 10.1177/1759091416669619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. Although the etiology of ALS is obscure, genetic studies of familiar ALS suggest a multifactorial etiology for this condition. Similarly, there probably are multiple causes for sporadic ALS. Autoimmune-mediated motor neuron dysfunction is one proposed etiology for sporadic ALS. In the present study, anti-glycolipid antibodies including GM1, GD1b, GD3, and sulfoglucuronosyl paragloboside (SGPG) were investigated in the sera of a large number of patient samples, including 113 ALS patients and 50 healthy controls, by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with affinity parametric complex criterion evaluation and thin-layer chromatography immunooverlay (immuno-TLC). Anti-SGPG antibodies were found in the sera of 13.3% ALS patients (15 out of 113). The highest titer reached 1:1600. The presence of anti-SGPG antibodies in the serum samples was also confirmed by immuno-TLC. Importantly, a multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of anti-SGPG antibody was positively correlated with age (p < .01) and negatively correlated with ALS Functional Rating Scale score (p < .05). Moreover, the localization of SGPG-immunoreactivity on the motor neurons of rat spinal cord and a mouse motor neuronal cell line, NSC-34 was observed by an immunofluorescence method. These data suggest that SGPG could represent a specific pathogenic antigen in those ALS patients. The presence of anti-SGPG antibodies in the serum of ALS patients should represent a diagnostic biomarker of ALS, and it could reflect the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongpei Li
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA, USA
| | - Seigo Usuki
- Laboratory of Biomembrane and Biofunctional Chemistry, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Frontier Research Center for Advanced Material and Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Brandy Quarles
- Department of Neurology, ALS Clinic, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA, USA
| | - Michael H Rivner
- Department of Neurology, ALS Clinic, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA, USA
| | - Toshio Ariga
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA, USA
| | - Robert K Yu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA, USA Department of Neurology, ALS Clinic, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA, USA
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Anti-ganglioside antibodies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis revisited. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125339. [PMID: 25875836 PMCID: PMC4397083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder with typical onset in the 5th- 6th decade of life. The hypothesis of an autoimmune origin of ALS receives less attention today, but immunological phenomena still seem to be involved and mechanisms such as protective autoimmunity may be important. Detection of antibodies against a variety of gangliosides has been repeatedly described in ALS-patients by several authors, but widely differing frequencies and titres have been reported. Therefore, we investigated the presence of six common antibodies with a commercially available test panel for GA1, GM1, GM2, GD1a, GD1b and GQ1b in a large group of clinically well-characterized ALS patients and compared them to a collective of 200 healthy blood donors. METHODS IgG and IgM antibodies to the six gangliosides asialoGM1 (GA1), GM1, GM2, GD1a, GD1b, GQ1b were determined by GanglioCombi ELISA in sera of 84 ALS patients. Results were expressed as a %-ratio of a highly positive control and categorized as negative (<30%), borderline (30-50%), moderately (50-100%) and strongly positive (>100%). The values obtained from 200 Swiss blood donors served as a reference group. RESULTS In twenty-two (26.2%) ALS-patients elevated anti-ganglioside antibodies could be detected: Taking all subspecific antibodies together, IgG antibodies were found in 9/84 (10.7%) and IgM in 15/84 (17.9%) patients. There was no correlation between age, gender, site of onset or survival and anti-ganglioside-positive/-negative titres in ALS-patients. No statistically significant difference in the frequency of anti-ganglioside antibodies compared to the group of healthy blood donors was found. CONCLUSION Even with this more comprehensive approach, anti-ganglioside antibody frequencies and patterns in our ALS cohort closely resembled the values measured in healthy controls. In accordance with other studies, we did not observe any association of a distinct ALS phenotype with elevated anti-ganglioside antibodies or an impact on survival.
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Sato A, Sakai N, Shinbo J, Hashidate H, Igarashi S, Kakita A, Yamazaki M. [An autopsy case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with prominent muscle cramps, fasciculation, and high titer of anti-voltage gated potassium channel (VGKC) complex antibody]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2014; 54:32-7. [PMID: 24429646 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.54.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The patient was a 55-year-old male who had prominent fasciculation and muscle cramps. Muscle weakness and atrophy of the trunk, respiratory system, and extremities gradually progressed. On the basis of these features, we diagnosed this patient as having amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), however, the upper motor neuron signs were not significant. Following the detection of the anti-voltage gated potassium channel (VGKC) complex antibody at 907.5 pM (normal < 100 pM) and repetitive discharge in a nerve conduction study, immunotherapy with intravenous immunoglobulin, methylprednisolone (mPSL), double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP), ciclosporin, and rituximab was introduced. mPSL and DFPP showed only tentative effectiveness for fasciculation and muscle cramps, respectively. Thereafter, muscle weakness progressed. The patient died of type II respiratory failure at the age of 57 years, about 2 years after the onset of the disease. At autopsy, a histopathological diagnosis of ALS with lower-motor-predominant degeneration was made. Characteristic cellular features, including Bunina bodies in the remaining lower motor neurons and phosphorylated TAR DNA-binding protein 43-kDa (pTDP-43)-immunopositive inclusions in both upper and lower motor neuron systems, were evident. At present, an immunological role of the anti-VGKC complex antibody in the development of cramp-fasciculation syndrome has been speculated. In this ALS patient, the antibodies might be associated with pathomechanisms underlying the characteristic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Sato
- Department of Neurology, Niigata City General Hospital
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16
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Ariga T. Pathogenic role of ganglioside metabolism in neurodegenerative diseases. J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:1227-42. [PMID: 24903509 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ganglioside metabolism is altered in several neurodegenerative diseases, and this may participate in several events related to the pathogenesis of these diseases. Most changes occur in specific areas of the brain and their distinct membrane microdomains or lipid rafts. Antiganglioside antibodies may be involved in dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier and disease progression in these diseases. In lipid rafts, interactions of glycosphingolipids, including ganglioside, with proteins may be responsible for the misfolding events that cause the fibril and/or aggregate processing of disease-specific proteins, such as α-synuclein, in Parkinson's disease, huntingtin protein in Huntington's disease, and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Targeting ganglioside metabolism may represent an underexploited opportunity to design novel therapeutic strategies for neurodegeneration in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Ariga
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
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ALS and oxidative stress: the neurovascular scenario. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:635831. [PMID: 24367722 PMCID: PMC3866720 DOI: 10.1155/2013/635831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and angiogenic factors have been placed as the prime focus of scientific investigations after an establishment of link between vascular endothelial growth factor promoter (VEGF), hypoxia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) pathogenesis. Deletion of the hypoxia-response element in the vascular endothelial growth factor promoter and mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) which are characterised by atrophy and muscle weakness resulted in phenotype resembling human ALS in mice. This results in lower motor neurodegeneration thus establishing an important link between motor neuron degeneration, vasculature, and angiogenic molecules. In this review, we have presented human, animal, and in vitro studies which suggest that molecules like VEGF have a therapeutic, diagnostic, and prognostic potential in ALS. Involvement of vascular growth factors and hypoxia response elements also highlights the converging role of oxidative stress and neurovascular network for understanding and treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders like ALS.
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Rodrigues MCO, Sanberg PR, Cruz LE, Garbuzova-Davis S. The innate and adaptive immunological aspects in neurodegenerative diseases. J Neuroimmunol 2013; 269:1-8. [PMID: 24161471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases affect a considerable percentage of the elderly population. New therapeutic approaches are warranted, aiming to at least delay and possibly reverse disease progression. Strategies to elaborate such approaches require knowledge of specific immune system involvement in disease pathogenesis. In this review, innate and adaptive immunological aspects of neurodegenerative disorders, in particular Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are discussed. Initiating disease factors, as well as common mechanistic pathways, are detailed and potential immunological therapeutic targets are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C O Rodrigues
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paul R Sanberg
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, United States; Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, United States; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Luis Eduardo Cruz
- Cryopraxis, Cell Praxis, BioRio, Polo de Biotechnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Svitlana Garbuzova-Davis
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, United States; Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, United States; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, United States; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, United States.
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Çoban A, Ulusoy C, Giriş M, Turan S, Türkoğlu R, Tüzün E, İdrisoğlu HA. Serum anti-neuronal antibodies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Int J Neurosci 2013; 123:557-62. [DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2013.782025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Çoban
- 1Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University,
Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Canan Ulusoy
- 2Department of Neuroscience, Institute for Experimental Medical Research (DETAE), Istanbul University,
Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Giriş
- 2Department of Neuroscience, Institute for Experimental Medical Research (DETAE), Istanbul University,
Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selin Turan
- 2Department of Neuroscience, Institute for Experimental Medical Research (DETAE), Istanbul University,
Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Recai Türkoğlu
- 3Department of Neurology, Haydarpasa Numune Education and Research Hospital,
Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdem Tüzün
- 2Department of Neuroscience, Institute for Experimental Medical Research (DETAE), Istanbul University,
Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Halil Atilla İdrisoğlu
- 1Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University,
Istanbul, Turkey
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Tarasiuk J, Kułakowska A, Drozdowski W, Kornhuber J, Lewczuk P. CSF markers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2012; 119:747-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-012-0806-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Rodrigues MCO, Voltarelli JC, Sanberg PR, Borlongan CV, Garbuzova-Davis S. Immunological Aspects in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Transl Stroke Res 2012; 3:331-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s12975-012-0177-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 04/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Sanberg PR, Eve DJ, Willing AE, Garbuzova-Davis S, Tan J, Sanberg CD, Allickson JG, Cruz LE, Borlongan CV. The treatment of neurodegenerative disorders using umbilical cord blood and menstrual blood-derived stem cells. Cell Transplant 2010; 20:85-94. [PMID: 20887684 DOI: 10.3727/096368910x532855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation is a potentially important means of treatment for a number of disorders. Two different stem cell populations of interest are mononuclear umbilical cord blood cells and menstrual blood-derived stem cells. These cells are relatively easy to obtain, appear to be pluripotent, and are immunologically immature. These cells, particularly umbilical cord blood cells, have been studied as either single or multiple injections in a number of animal models of neurodegenerative disorders with some degree of success, including stroke, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Sanfilippo syndrome type B. Evidence of anti-inflammatory effects and secretion of specific cytokines and growth factors that promote cell survival, rather than cell replacement, have been detected in both transplanted cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Sanberg
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Vandenberghe N, Leveque N, Corcia P, Brunaud-Danel V, Salort-Campana E, Besson G, Tranchant C, Clavelou P, Beaulieux F, Ecochard R, Vial C, Broussolle E, Lina B. Cerebrospinal fluid detection of enterovirus genome in ALS: a study of 242 patients and 354 controls. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 11:277-82. [PMID: 19900148 DOI: 10.3109/17482960903262083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Detection of enterovirus (EV) in the spinal cord of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has been reported on post mortem central nervous system tissues. In cases of persistent infection, it is very likely that the EV genome might be detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A study was conducted in seven French amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) centres between 1997 and 2002. A total of 242 ALS patients and 354 age- and sex-matched controls (non-ALS patients) were enrolled. A sensitive RT-PCR method was performed on the CSF to assess the presence of EV RNA; 14.5% of ALS patients were positive compared to 7.6% of controls (chi(2) value, 5.31; p = 0.02). Although EV infection has a seasonal pattern, we observed no seasonality in positive detection of the EV genome among ALS patients. There was no significant relationship among ALS patients between the initial clinical form or survival and the result of the RT-PCR. These findings suggest a relationship between the presence of EV sequences in CSF and ALS. Our study is consistent with the hypothesis that persistent EV infection can be one of the multiple factors involved in the development of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Vandenberghe
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre SLA de Lyon (Service d'Electroneuromyographie et Service de Neurologie C), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Lyon, France.
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Matías-Guiu J, Galán L, García-Ramos R, Barcia J, Guerrero A. La citotoxicidad del líquido cefalorraquídeo en la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica. Neurologia 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2010.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Sasabe J, Aiso S. Aberrant Control of Motoneuronal Excitability in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Excitatory Glutamate / D-Serine vs. Inhibitory Glycine/γ-Aminobutanoic Acid (GABA). Chem Biodivers 2010; 7:1479-90. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200900306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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Matías-Guiu J, Galán L, García-Ramos R, Barcia J, Guerrero A. Cerebrospinal fluid cytotoxicity in lateral amyotrophic sclerosis. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s2173-5808(10)70068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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27
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Development of ALS-like disease in SOD-1 mice deficient of B lymphocytes. J Neurol 2009; 256:1228-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-009-5097-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Revised: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Garbuzova-Davis S, Sanberg PR. Feasibility of cell therapy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Exp Neurol 2009; 216:3-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Garbuzova-Davis S, Sanberg CD, Kuzmin-Nichols N, Willing AE, Gemma C, Bickford PC, Miller C, Rossi R, Sanberg PR. Human umbilical cord blood treatment in a mouse model of ALS: optimization of cell dose. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2494. [PMID: 18575617 PMCID: PMC2429976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2008] [Accepted: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a multicausal disease characterized by motor neuron degeneration in the spinal cord and brain. Cell therapy may be a promising new treatment for this devastating disorder. We recently showed that a single low dose (106 cells) of mononuclear human umbilical cord blood (MNC hUCB) cells administered intravenously to G93A mice delayed symptom progression and modestly prolonged lifespan. The aim of this pre-clinical translation study is to optimize the dose of MNC hUCB cells to retard disease progression in G93A mice. Three different doses of MNC hUCB cells, 10×106, 25×106 and 50×106, were administered intravenously into pre-symptomatic G93A mice. Motor function tests and various assays to determine cell effects were performed on these mice. Methodology/Principal Findings Our results showed that a cell dose of 25×106 cells significantly increased lifespan of mice by 20–25% and delayed disease progression by 15%. The most beneficial effect on decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines in the brain and spinal cord was found in this group of mice. Human Th2 cytokines were found in plasma of mice receiving 25×106 cells, although prevalent human Th1 cytokines were indicated in mice with 50×106 cells. High response of splenic cells to mitogen (PHA) was indicated in mice receiving 25×106 (mainly) and 10×106 cells. Significantly increased lymphocytes and decreased neutrophils in the peripheral blood were found only in animals receiving 25×106 cells. Stable reduction in microglia density in both cervical and lumbar spinal cords was also noted in mice administered with 25×106 cells. Conclusions/Significance These results demonstrate that treatment for ALS with an appropriate dose of MNC hUCB cells may provide a neuroprotective effect for motor neurons through active involvement of these cells in modulating the host immune inflammatory system response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Garbuzova-Davis
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America.
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30
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Brylev LV, Yakovlev AA, Onufriev MV, Zakharova MN, Zavalishin IA, Gulyaeva NV. Calpain-like and lactate dehydrogenase activities in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. NEUROCHEM J+ 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712407040101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Zhao CP, Zhang C, Zhou SN, Xie YM, Wang YH, Huang H, Shang YC, Li WY, Zhou C, Yu MJ, Feng SW. Human mesenchymal stromal cells ameliorate the phenotype of SOD1-G93A ALS mice. Cytotherapy 2007; 9:414-26. [PMID: 17786603 DOI: 10.1080/14653240701376413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, lethal, neurodegenerative disease, currently without any effective therapy. Multiple advantages make mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) a good candidate for cellular therapy in many intractable diseases such as stroke and brain injury. Until now, no irrefutable evidence exists regarding the outcome of MSC transplantation in the mouse model of ALS. The present study was designed to investigate the therapeutic potential of human MSC (hMSC) in the mouse model of ALS (SOD1-G93A mice). METHODS hMSC were isolated from iliac crest aspirates from healthy donors and kept in cell cultures. hMSC of the fifth passage were delivered intravenously into irradiated pre-symptomatic SOD1-G93A mice. Therapeutic effects were analyzed by survival analysis, rotarod test, motor neuron count in spinal cord and electrophysiology. The engraftment and in vivo differentiation of hMSC were examined in the brain and spinal cord of hMSC-transplanted mice. RESULTS After intravenous injection into irradiated pre-symptomatic SOD1-G93A mice, hMSC survived more than 20 weeks in recipient mice, migrated into the parenchyma of brain and spinal cord and showed neuroglia differentiation. Moreover, hMSC-transplanted mice showed significantly delayed disease onset (14 days), increased lifespan (18 days) and delayed disease progression compared with untreated mice. DISCUSSION Our data document the positive effects of hMSC transplantation in the mouse model of ALS. It may signify the potential use of hMSC in treatment of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-P Zhao
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
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Nores GA, Lardone RD, Comín R, Alaniz ME, Moyano AL, Irazoqui FJ. Anti-GM1 antibodies as a model of the immune response to self-glycans. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2007; 1780:538-45. [PMID: 18029096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2007.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2007] [Revised: 09/10/2007] [Accepted: 09/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Glycans are a class of molecules with high structural variability, frequently found in the plasma membrane facing the extracellular space. Because of these characteristics, glycans are often considered as recognition molecules involved in cell social functions, and as targets of pathogenic factors. Induction of anti-glycan antibodies is one of the early events in immunological defense against bacteria that colonize the body. Because of this natural infection, antibodies recognizing a variety of bacterial glycans are found in sera of adult humans and animals. The immune response to glycans is restricted by self-tolerance, and no antibodies to self-glycans should exist in normal subjects. However, antibodies recognizing structures closely related to self-glycans do exist, and can lead to production of harmful anti-self antibodies. Normal human sera contain low-affinity anti-GM1 IgM-antibodies. Similar antibodies with higher affinity or different isotype are found in some neuropathy patients. Two hypotheses have been developed to explain the origin of disease-associated anti-GM1 antibodies. According to the "molecular mimicry" hypothesis, similarity between GM1 and Campylobacter jejuni lipopolysaccharide carrying a GM1-like glycan is the cause of Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with anti-GM1 IgG-antibodies. According to the "binding site drift" hypothesis, IgM-antibodies associated with disease originate through changes in the binding site of normally occurring anti-GM1 antibodies. We now present an "integrated" hypothesis, combining the "mimicry" and "drift" concepts, which satisfactorily explains most of the published data on anti-GM1 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A Nores
- Departamento de Química Biológica Dr. Ranwel Caputto, CIQUIBIC, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Garbuzova-Davis S, Willing AE, Saporta S, Bickford PC, Gemma C, Chen N, Sanberg CD, Klasko SK, Borlongan CV, Sanberg PR. Novel cell therapy approaches for brain repair. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2006; 157:207-22. [PMID: 17046673 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(06)57014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Numerous reports elucidate that tissue-specific stem cells are phenotypically plastic and their differentiation pathways are not strictly delineated. Although the identity of all the epigenetic factors which may trigger stem cells to make a lineage selection are still unknown, the plasticity of adult stem cells opens new approaches for their application in the treatment of various disorders. There is increasing researcher interest in hematopoietic stem cells for treatment of not only blood-related diseases but also various unrelated disorders including neurodegenerative diseases. Human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) cells, due to their primitive nature and ability to develop into nonhematopoietic cells of various tissue lineages, including neural cells, may be useful as an alternative cell source for cell-based therapies requiring either the replacement of individual cell types and/or substitution of missing substances. Here we focus on recent findings showing the robustness of adult stem cells derived from hUCB and their potential as a source of transplant cells for the treatment of diseased or injured brains and spinal cords. Depending upon the pathological microenvironment in which the hUCB cells are introduced, neuroprotective and/or trophic effects of these cells, from release of various growth or anti-inflammatory factors to moderation of immune-inflammatory effectors, may be more likely than neural replacement. These protective effects may prove essential to maintaining restored tissue integrity over the course of various diseases or injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Garbuzova-Davis
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, MDC 78, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Ariga T, Yu RK. Antiglycolipid antibodies in Guillain-Barré syndrome and related diseases: Review of clinical features and antibody specificities. J Neurosci Res 2005; 80:1-17. [PMID: 15668908 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.20395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy that usually develops following a respiratory or intestinal infection. Although the pathogenic mechanisms of GBS have not been fully established, both humoral and cell-mediated immune factors have been shown to contribute to the disease process. Several antiglycosphingolipid (anti-GSL) antibodies have been found in the sera of patients with GBS or related diseases. Measurements of these antibody titers are very important in the diagnosis of GBS and in evaluating the effectiveness of treatments in clinical trials. The most common treatment strategies for these disorders involve plasmapheresis and the use of steroids for reducing anti-GSL antibody titers to ameliorate patients' clinical symptoms. Administration of intravenous immunoglobulin may also be beneficial in the treatment of neuropathies by suppressing the immune-mediated processes that are directed against antigenic targets in myelin and axons. In certain demyelinating neuropathies, the destruction or malfunctioning of the blood-nerve barrier, which results in the leakage of circulating antibodies into the peripheral nerve parenchyma, has been considered to be an initial step in development of the disease process. In addition, anti-GSL antibodies, such as anti-GM1, may cause nerve dysfunction and injury by interfering with the ion channel function at the nodes of Ranvier, where carbohydrate epitopes of glycoconjugates are located. These malfunctions thus contribute to the pathogenic mechanisms of certain demyelinating neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Ariga
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
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Abstract
Recent advances in neuroimmunology have led to improvements in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of many neuromuscular disorders. The value of autoantibody testing is increasing steadily in neurologic practice. Not all antibodies have a high yield in diagnosis. In some disorders, such as generalized adult onset of myasthenia gravis, Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome,Miller Fisher syndrome, and multifocal motor neuropathy,autoantibody tests provide accurate diagnosis and can be considered biologic markers of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahman Pourmand
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8121, USA.
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Niebroj-Dobosz I, Janik P, Kwieciński H. Serum IgM anti-GM1 ganglioside antibodies in lower motor neuron syndromes. Eur J Neurol 2004; 11:13-6. [PMID: 14692882 DOI: 10.1046/j.1351-5101.2003.00697.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Lower motor neuron syndromes (LMNS) are heterogenous conditions, which include patients with progressive lower motor neuron disease (LMND) and cases with the clinical phenotype of motor neuropathy (MN). The aim of this study was to estimate the IgM anti-GM1 ganglioside antibodies titer and the ratio of the light chains in order to define the presence of autoimmunity process in particular cases with LMNS. Twenty-eight patients were diagnosed with LMND and 15 patients were diagnosed with MN (10 patients with multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction block, five patients with MN without conduction block). Total of 103 patients with classical amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and 50 healthy, age-matched persons were also tested. The IgM anti-GM1 ganglioside titer and the ratio of lambda/kappa light chains in serum were determined using the ELISA technique. High titer of IgM anti-GM1 antibodies were detected in serum of 46% LMND patients, 80% of MN patients, and 18% of the classical ALS cases. An elevated ratio of lambda/kappa light chains appeared in 18% of LMND patients, and in 67% of the MN cases. The lambda/kappa light chains ratio was normal in all ALS patients. The presence of elevated titer of IgM anti-GM1 ganglioside antibodies and the changed ratio of the light chains supports the presence of autoimmune process in LMNS and may provide clues for their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Niebroj-Dobosz
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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Yamaguchi A, Katsuyama K, Nagahama K, Takai T, Aoki I, Yamanaka S. Possible role of autoantibodies in the pathophysiology of GM2 gangliosidoses. J Clin Invest 2004; 113:200-8. [PMID: 14722612 PMCID: PMC311432 DOI: 10.1172/jci19639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2003] [Accepted: 11/11/2003] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mice containing a disruption of the Hexb gene have provided a useful model system for the study of the human lysosomal storage disorder known as Sandhoff disease (SD). Hexb(-/-) mice rapidly develop a progressive neurologic disease of ganglioside GM2 and GA2 storage. Our study revealed that the disease states in this model are associated with the appearance of antiganglioside autoantibodies. Both elevation of serum antiganglioside autoantibodies and IgG deposition to CNS neurons were found in the advanced stages of the disease in Hexb(-/-) mice; serum transfer from these mice showed IgG binding to neurons. To determine the role of these autoantibodies, the Fc receptor gamma gene (FcR gamma) was additionally disrupted in Hexb(-/-) mice, as it plays a key role in immune complex-mediated autoimmune diseases. Clinical symptoms were improved and life spans were extended in the Hexb(-/-)FcR gamma(-/-) mice; the number of apoptotic cells was also decreased. The level of ganglioside accumulation, however, did not change. IgG deposition was also confirmed in the brain of an autopsied SD patient. Taken together, these findings suggest that the production of autoantibodies plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neuropathy in SD and therefore provides a target for novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yamaguchi
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Yamaguchi A, Katsuyama K, Nagahama K, Takai T, Aoki I, Yamanaka S. Possible role of autoantibodies in the pathophysiology of GM2 gangliosidoses. J Clin Invest 2004. [DOI: 10.1172/jci200419639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Strong MJ. Biochemical markers: summary. AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS AND OTHER MOTOR NEURON DISORDERS : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE WORLD FEDERATION OF NEUROLOGY, RESEARCH GROUP ON MOTOR NEURON DISEASES 2003; 3 Suppl 1:S85-90. [PMID: 12396819 DOI: 10.1080/146608202320374408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ariga T, Miyatake T, Yu RK. Recent studies on the roles of antiglycosphingolipids in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. J Neurosci Res 2001; 65:363-70. [PMID: 11536318 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Evidence is mounting to suggest a causal role of humoral immunity arising from antiglycosphingolipid (GSL) antibodies in a variety of neurological disorders. These disorders include the demyelinating and axonal forms of Guillain-Barre syndrome, multifocal motor neuropathy, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, and IgM paraproteinemia. Many claims have been made regarding other neurological disorders, which should be carefully scrutinized for their validity, based on several criteria proposed in this review. These criteria include 1) characterization of the causative antigens and immunoglobulins, 2) correlation of the pathological lesions and clinical manifestation of the antigens, 3) establishment of animal models using pure GSLs as the antigens, 4) immunopathogenic mechanisms of the neurodenerative process, 5) mechanisms for the malfunctioning of blood-nerve barrier and the ensuing leakage of circulating antibodies into peripheral nerve parenchyma, and 6) the roles of anti-GSL antibodies that may cause humorally mediated nerve dysfunction and injury as well as interference with ion channel function at the node of Ranvier, where carbohydrate epitopes are located. Finally, the origin of the anti-GSL antibodies is discussed in light of the recent circumstantial evidence pointing to a molecular mimicry mechanism with infectious agents. With a better understanding of the immunopathogenic mechanisms, it will then be possible to devise rational and effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for the treatment of these neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ariga
- Clinical Research Center, Eisai Co. Ltd., Koishikawa, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Niebroj-Dobosz I, Mickielewicz A, Rowiñska-Marciñska K, Kwieciñski H. Identification of Gal(beta 1-3)GalNAc bearing glycoproteins in cerebrospinal fluid of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. Eur J Neurol 2000; 7:679-83. [PMID: 11136355 DOI: 10.1046/j.1468-1331.2000.00122.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Glycoproteins in cerebrospinal fluid of 55 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), six disease controls (multifocal motor neuropathy, sensorimotor neuropathy, Guillain-Barré syndrome, spinal muscular atrophy type II, motor neuropathy with monoclonal gammopathy) and 20 healthy controls were separated by PAGE electrophoresis and then detected immunochemically with peanut agglutinin (PNA). In 36 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients the 262 kDa glycoprotein was significantly increased (over the normal mean +/- SD x 2), which was associated with a decrease in the 114 kDa fraction. In the remaining patients, both fractions were either equal in concentration or the 114 kDa glycoprotein predominated. In normal cerebrospinal fluid, the 114 kDa glycoprotein predominated over the other glycoproteins. The total amount of separated glycoproteins was increased in 15 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. In 12 of them it was followed by an increase in the percentage of the 262 kDa glycoprotein. There was no correlation between the content of the peanut agglutinin-labelled glycoproteins and the patients' age, duration and severity of the disease. There was a correlation between the 262 kDa glycoprotein being increased in cerebrospinal fluid and the electrophysiological pattern of denervation seen in electromyographic study. The glycoproteins change, similar to that occurring in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients, was also observed in one case of multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN). We suggest that in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multifocal motor neuropathy, the peanut agglutinin-labelled glycoproteins are released in excess from the nervous tissues into the cerebrospinal fluid as a result of neuronal degeneration. The question to be answered is, whether the released glycoproteins are becoming targets for auto-antibodies.
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