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Flores-Vega VR, Lara-Zavala BA, Jarillo-Quijada MD, Fernández-Vázquez JL, Alcántar-Curiel MD, Vargas-Roldán SY, Ares MA, de la Cruz MA, Morfín-Otero R, Rodríguez-Noriega E, Santos-Preciado JI, Rosales-Reyes R. Burkholderia vietnamiensis causing infections in noncystic fibrosis patients in a tertiary care hospital in Mexico. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 105:115866. [PMID: 36525921 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2022.115866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) species are opportunistic pathogens widely distributed in the environment and often infect people with cystic fibrosis (CF). This study aims to determine which genomovars of the Bcc can cause infections in non-CF patients from a tertiary care hospital in Mexico and if they carry virulence factors that could increase their pathogenicity. We identified 23 clinical isolates that carry the recA gene. Twenty-two of them belongs to the genomovar V (B. vietnamiensis) and one to the genomovar II (B. multivorans). Thirteen pulsotypes were identified among 22 B. vietnamiensis isolates. All clinical isolates produced biofilm were motile and cytotoxic on murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 and in A549 human lung epithelial cells. In conclusion, B. vietnamiensis causes infections in non-CF patients in a tertiary care hospital in Mexico, rapid identification of this pathogen can help physicians to establish a better antimicrobial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Roxana Flores-Vega
- Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Berenice Alejandra Lara-Zavala
- Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ma Dolores Jarillo-Quijada
- Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Luis Fernández-Vázquez
- Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Silvia Yalid Vargas-Roldán
- Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Ares
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Pediatría, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel A de la Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Pediatría, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rayo Morfín-Otero
- Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Instituto de Patología Infecciosa y Experimental, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Rodríguez-Noriega
- Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Instituto de Patología Infecciosa y Experimental, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - José Ignacio Santos-Preciado
- Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roberto Rosales-Reyes
- Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Secretome of Paenibacillus sp. S-12 provides an insight about its survival and possible pathogenicity. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2023:10.1007/s12223-023-01032-4. [PMID: 36642775 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01032-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Our aim in this study was to characterize and investigate the secretome of Paenibacillus sp. S-12 by nanoLC-MS/MS tool-based analysis of trypsin digested culture supernatant proteins. Using a bioinformatics and combined approach of mass spectrometry, we identified 657 proteins in the secretome. Bioinformatic tools such as PREDLIPO, SecretomeP 2.0, SignalP 4.1, and PSORTb were used for the subcellular localization and categorization of secretome on basis of signal peptides. Among the identified proteins, more than 25% of the secretome proteins were associated with virulence proteins including flagellar, adherence, and immune modulators. Gene ontology analysis using Blast2GO tools categorized 60 proteins of the secretome into biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions. KEGG pathway analysis identified the enzymes or proteins involved in various biosynthesis and degradation pathways. Functional analysis of secretomes reveals a large number of proteins involved in the uptake and exchange of nutrients, colonization, and chemotaxis. A good number of proteins were involved in survival and defense mechanism against oxidative stress, the production of toxins and antimicrobial compounds. The present study is the first report of the in-depth protein profiling of Paenibacillus bacterium. In summary, the current findings of Paenibacillus sp. S-12 secretome provide basic information to understand its survival and the possible pathogenic mechanism.
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Kumari K, Sharma PK, Aggarwal Y, Singh RP. Secretome analysis of an environmental isolate Enterobacter sp. S-33 identifies proteins related to pathogenicity. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:662. [PMID: 36198868 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03277-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Enterobacter species are responsible for causing infections of the lower respiratory tract, urinary tract, meninges, etc. Proteins secreted by these species may act as determinants of host-pathogen interaction and play a role in virulence. Among the secreted proteins, the Type VI secretion system (T6SS) acts as a molecular nanomachine to deliver many effector proteins directly into prey cells in a contact-dependent manner. The secreted proteins may provide an idea for the interaction of bacteria to their environment and an understanding of the role of these proteins for their role in bacterial physiology and behaviour. Therefore, aim of this study was to characterize the secreted proteins in the culture supernatant by a T6SS bacterium Enterobacter sp. S-33 using nano-LC-MS/MS tool. Using a combined mass spectrometry and bioinformatics approach, we identified a total of 736 proteins in the secretome. Bioinformatics analysis predicting subcellular localization identified 110 of the secreted proteins possessed signal sequences. By gene ontology analysis, more than 80 proteins of the secretome were classified into biological or molecular functions. More than 20 percent of secretome proteins were virulence proteins including T6SS proteins, proteins involved in adherence and fimbriae formation, molecular chaperones, outer membrane proteins, serine proteases, antimicrobial, biofilm, exotoxins, etc. In summary, the results of the present study of the S-33 secretome provide a basis for understanding the possible pathogenic mechanisms and future investigation by detailed experimental approach will provide a confirmation of secreted virulence proteins in the exact role of virulence using the in vivo model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kumari
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, BIT Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Parva Kumar Sharma
- Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD-20742, USA
| | - Yogender Aggarwal
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, BIT Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Rajnish Prakash Singh
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, BIT Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India.
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Burkholderia cepacia complex in cystic fibrosis in a Brazilian reference center. Med Microbiol Immunol 2017; 206:447-461. [DOI: 10.1007/s00430-017-0521-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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Chien YC, Liao CH, Sheng WH, Chien JY, Huang YT, Yu CJ, Hsueh PR. Clinical characteristics of bacteraemia caused by Burkholderia cepacia complex species and antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates in a medical centre in Taiwan. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017; 51:357-364. [PMID: 28705667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the clinical characteristics and outcomes of bacteraemia due to Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) species among 54 patients without cystic fibrosis from January 2013 to February 2015. BCC isolates were identified to the species level by the Bruker Biotyper MALDI-TOF MS system and by sequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA and recA genes. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of the isolates were determined by the agar dilution method. Sequencing of the recA gene in the 54 blood isolates revealed 37 (68.5%) isolates of B. cenocepacia, 9 (16.7%) of B. cepacia, 4 (7.4%) of B. multivorans and one isolate each of B. arboris, B. pseudomultivorans, B. seminalis, and B. vietnamiensis. The overall performance of the Bruker Biotyper MALDI-TOF MS system for correctly identifying the 54 BCC isolates to the species level was 79.6%, which was better than that (16.7%) by 16S RNA sequencing analysis. Bacteraemic pneumonia (n = 23, 42.6%) and catheter-related bacteraemia (n = 21, 38.9%) were the most common types of infection. Higher rates of ceftazidime and meropenem resistance were found in B. cepacia isolates (33.3% and 22.2%, respectively) than in isolates of B. cenocepacia (21.6% and 10.8%, respectively) and other species (12.5% and 12.5%, respectively). Overall, the 30-day mortality rate was 38.9% (21/54). Bacteraemia caused by BCC species other than B. cenocepacia and B. cepacia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 20.005, P = 0.024) and high SOFA score (aOR 1.412, P = 0.003) were predictive of higher 30-day mortality. Different BCC species are associated with different outcomes of bacteraemia and exhibit different susceptibility patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chun Chien
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsing Liao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Huei Sheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Yien Chien
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tsung Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Jen Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Draft Genome Sequences of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Staphylococcus aureus, Isolated from a Patient with Chronic Rhinosinusitis. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/5/e01075-15. [PMID: 26430027 PMCID: PMC4591299 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01075-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the draft genome sequences of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Staphylococcus aureus causing chronic rhinosinusitis. Whole-genome sequencing determined the B. pseudomallei as sequence type (ST) 1381 and the S. aureus as ST8. B. pseudomallei possessed the blaOXA-59 gene. This study illustrates the potential emergence of B. pseudomallei in cases of chronic rhinosinusitis.
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7
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Murphy MP, Caraher E. Residence in biofilms allows Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) bacteria to evade the antimicrobial activities of neutrophil-like dHL60 cells. Pathog Dis 2015; 73:ftv069. [PMID: 26371179 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftv069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) persist in the airways of people with cystic fibrosis (CF) despite the continuous recruitment of neutrophils. Most members of Bcc are multidrug resistant and can form biofilms. As such, we sought to investigate whether biofilm formation plays a role in protecting Bcc bacteria from neutrophils. Using the neutrophil-like, differentiated cell line, dHL60, we have shown for the first time that Bcc biofilms are enhanced in the presence of these cells. Biofilm biomass was greater following culture in the presence of dHL60 cells than in their absence, likely the result of incorporating dHL60 cellular debris into the biofilm. Moreover, we have demonstrated that mature biofilms (cultured for up to 72 h) induced necrosis in the cells. Established biofilms also acted as a barrier to the migration of the cells and masked the bacteria from being recognized by the cells; dHL60 cells expressed less IL-8 mRNA and secreted significantly less IL-8 when cultured in the presence of biofilms, with respect to planktonic bacteria. Our findings provide evidence that biofilm formation can, at least partly, enable the persistence of Bcc bacteria in the CF airway and emphasize a requirement for anti-biofilm therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Murphy
- Centre for Microbial-Host Interactions, Institute of Technology Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland Centre of Applied Science for Health, Institute of Technology Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - Emma Caraher
- Centre for Microbial-Host Interactions, Institute of Technology Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland Centre of Applied Science for Health, Institute of Technology Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
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8
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Abnave P, Mottola G, Gimenez G, Boucherit N, Trouplin V, Torre C, Conti F, Ben Amara A, Lepolard C, Djian B, Hamaoui D, Mettouchi A, Kumar A, Pagnotta S, Bonatti S, Lepidi H, Salvetti A, Abi-Rached L, Lemichez E, Mege JL, Ghigo E. Screening in planarians identifies MORN2 as a key component in LC3-associated phagocytosis and resistance to bacterial infection. Cell Host Microbe 2015; 16:338-50. [PMID: 25211076 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Dugesia japonica planarian flatworms are naturally exposed to various microbes but typically survive this challenge. We show that planarians eliminate bacteria pathogenic to Homo sapiens, Caenorhabditis elegans, and/or Drosophila melanogaster and thus represent a model to identify innate resistance mechanisms. Whole-transcriptome analysis coupled with RNAi screening of worms infected with Staphylococcus aureus or Legionella pneumophila identified 18 resistance genes with nine human orthologs, of which we examined the function of MORN2. Human MORN2 facilitates phagocytosis-mediated restriction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, L. pneumophila, and S. aureus in macrophages. MORN2 promotes the recruitment of LC3, an autophagy protein also involved in phagocytosis, to M. tuberculosis-containing phagosomes and subsequent maturation to degradative phagolysosomes. MORN2-driven trafficking of M. tuberculosis to single-membrane, LC3-positive compartments requires autophagy-related proteins Atg5 and Beclin-1, but not Ulk-1 and Atg13, highlighting the importance of MORN2 in LC3-associated phagocytosis. These findings underscore the value of studying planarian defenses to identify immune factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Abnave
- CNRS UMR 7278, IRD198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Bd Jean Moulin 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France; INSERM, U1065, C3M, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Equipe labellisée ligue contre le cancer, 06204 Nice Cedex 3, France
| | - Giovanna Mottola
- CNRS UMR 7278, IRD198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Bd Jean Moulin 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II," Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gregory Gimenez
- Otago Genomics & Bioinformatics Facility, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, 710 Cumberland Street, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Nicolas Boucherit
- CNRS UMR 7278, IRD198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Bd Jean Moulin 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Virginie Trouplin
- CNRS UMR 7278, IRD198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Bd Jean Moulin 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Cedric Torre
- CNRS UMR 7278, IRD198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Bd Jean Moulin 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Filippo Conti
- CNRS UMR 7278, IRD198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Bd Jean Moulin 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France; INSERM, U1065, C3M, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Equipe labellisée ligue contre le cancer, 06204 Nice Cedex 3, France
| | - Amira Ben Amara
- CNRS UMR 7278, IRD198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Bd Jean Moulin 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Catherine Lepolard
- CNRS UMR 7278, IRD198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Bd Jean Moulin 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Benjamin Djian
- CNRS UMR 7278, IRD198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Bd Jean Moulin 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Daniel Hamaoui
- INSERM, U1065, C3M, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Equipe labellisée ligue contre le cancer, 06204 Nice Cedex 3, France
| | - Amel Mettouchi
- INSERM, U1065, C3M, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Equipe labellisée ligue contre le cancer, 06204 Nice Cedex 3, France
| | - Atul Kumar
- CNRS UMR 7278, IRD198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Bd Jean Moulin 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France; INSERM, U1065, C3M, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Equipe labellisée ligue contre le cancer, 06204 Nice Cedex 3, France
| | - Sophie Pagnotta
- Centre Commun de Microscopie Appliquée (CCMA) Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculté des Sciences, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Stefano Bonatti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II," Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Hubert Lepidi
- CNRS UMR 7278, IRD198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Bd Jean Moulin 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Alessandra Salvetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unity of Experimental Biology and Genetics, University of Pisa, Via Volta 4, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Laurent Abi-Rached
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire d'Analyse, Topologie, Probabilités - Unité Mixte de Recherche 7353, Equipe ATIP, Aix-Marseille Université, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuel Lemichez
- INSERM, U1065, C3M, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Equipe labellisée ligue contre le cancer, 06204 Nice Cedex 3, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mege
- CNRS UMR 7278, IRD198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Bd Jean Moulin 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Eric Ghigo
- CNRS UMR 7278, IRD198, INSERM U1095, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 Bd Jean Moulin 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France.
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The Type VI secretion system spike protein VgrG5 mediates membrane fusion during intercellular spread by pseudomallei group Burkholderia species. Infect Immun 2014; 82:1436-44. [PMID: 24421040 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01367-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomallei group Burkholderia species are facultative intracellular parasites that spread efficiently from cell to cell by a mechanism involving the fusion of adjacent cell membranes. Intercellular fusion requires the function of the cluster 5 type VI secretion system (T6SS-5) and its associated valine-glycine repeat protein, VgrG5. Here we show that VgrG5 alleles are conserved and functionally interchangeable between Burkholderia pseudomallei and its relatives B. mallei, B. oklahomensis, and B. thailandensis. We also demonstrate that the integrity of the VgrG5 C-terminal domain is required for fusogenic activity, and we identify sequence motifs, including two hydrophobic segments, that are important for fusion. Mutagenesis and secretion experiments using B. pseudomallei strains engineered to express T6SS-5 in vitro show that the VgrG5 C-terminal domain is dispensable for T6SS-mediated secretion of Hcp5, demonstrating that the ability of VgrG5 to mediate membrane fusion can be uncoupled from its essential role in type VI secretion. We propose a model in which a unique fusogenic activity at the C terminus of VgrG5 facilitates intercellular spread by B. pseudomallei and related species following injection across the plasma membranes of infected cells.
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Marchetti R, Canales A, Lanzetta R, Nilsson I, Vogel C, Reed DE, AuCoin DP, Jiménez-Barbero J, Molinaro A, Silipo A. Unraveling the Interaction between the LPS O-Antigen ofBurkholderia anthinaand the 5D8 Monoclonal Antibody by Using a Multidisciplinary Chemical Approach, with Synthesis, NMR, and Molecular Modeling Methods. Chembiochem 2013; 14:1485-93. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Schmerk CL, Valvano MA. Burkholderia multivorans survival and trafficking within macrophages. J Med Microbiol 2013; 62:173-184. [PMID: 23105020 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.051243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are at great risk of opportunistic lung infection, particularly by members of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc). This group of bacteria can cause damage to the lung tissue of infected patients and are difficult to eradicate due to their high levels of antibiotic resistance. Although the highly virulent Burkholderia cenocepacia has been the focus of virulence research for the past decade, Burkholderia multivorans is emerging as the most prevalent Bcc species infecting CF patients in North America. Despite several studies detailing the intramacrophage trafficking and survival of B. cenocepacia, no such data exist for B. multivorans. The results of this study demonstrated that the clinical CF isolates C5568 and C0514 and an environmental B. multivorans isolate, ATCC 17616, were able to replicate and survive within murine macrophages in a manner similar to that of B. cenocepacia strain K56-2. These strains were also able to survive but were unable to replicate within human THP-1 macrophages. Differences in macrophage uptake were observed among all three B. multivorans strains; these variances were attributed to major differences in O-antigen production. Unlike B. cenocepacia-containing vacuoles, which delay phagosomal maturation in murine macrophages by 6 h, all B. multivorans-containing vacuoles co-localized with lysosome-associated membrane protein-1, a late endosome/lysosomal marker, and the lysosomal marker dextran within 2 h of uptake. Together, these results indicated that, whilst both Bcc species were able to survive and replicate within macrophages, they utilized different intramacrophage survival strategies. To observe differences in virulence, the strains were compared using the Galleria mellonella (wax worm) model. When compared with the B. multivorans strains tested, B. cenocepacia K56-2 was highly virulent in this model and killed all worms within 24 h when injected at 10(7) c.f.u. B. multivorans clinical isolates C5568 and C0514 were significantly more virulent than the soil isolate ATCC 17616, which was avirulent even when worms were injected with 10(7) c.f.u. These results suggest strain differences in the virulence of B. multivorans isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal L Schmerk
- Center for Human Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Miguel A Valvano
- Center for Human Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
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12
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Thomson ELS, Dennis JJ. A Burkholderia cepacia complex non-ribosomal peptide-synthesized toxin is hemolytic and required for full virulence. Virulence 2012; 3:286-98. [PMID: 22546908 PMCID: PMC3442841 DOI: 10.4161/viru.19355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) have recently gained notoriety as significant bacterial pathogens due to their extreme levels of antibiotic resistance, their transmissibility in clinics, their persistence in bacteriostatic solutions, and their intracellular survival capabilities. As pathogens, the Bcc are known to elaborate a number of virulence factors including proteases, lipases and other exoproducts, as well as a number of secretion system associated effectors. Through random and directed mutagenesis studies, we have identified a Bcc gene cluster capable of expressing a toxin that is both hemolytic and required for full Bcc virulence. The Bcc toxin is synthesized via a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase mechanism, and appears to be related to the previously identified antifungal compound burkholdine or occidiofungin. Further testing shows mutations to this gene cluster cause a significant reduction in both hemolysis and Galleria mellonella mortality. Mutation to a glycosyltransferase gene putatively responsible for a structural-functional toxin variant causes only partial reduction in hemolysis. Molecular screening identifies the Bcc species containing this gene cluster, of which several strains produce hemolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euan L S Thomson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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13
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Profiling of Burkholderia cepacia secretome at mid-logarithmic and early-stationary phases of growth. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26518. [PMID: 22046299 PMCID: PMC3202529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Burkholderia cepacia is a Gram-negative pathogen that causes serious respiratory infections in immunocompromised patients and individuals with cystic fibrosis. This bacterium is known to release extracellular proteins that may be involved in virulence. Methodology/Principal Findings In the present study, B. cepacia grown to mid-logarithmic and early-stationary phases were investigated on their ability to invade and survive intracellularly in A549 lung epithelial cells in order to discern the fate of these bacteria in the pathogenesis of B. cepacia lung infections in in vitro condition. The early-stationary phase B. cepacia was demonstrated to be more invasive than mid-logarithmic phase. In addition, culture supernatants of B. cepacia obtained from these phases of growth were also demonstrated to cause different cytotoxic potency on the A549 human lung epithelial cells. Profiling of the supernatants using the gel-based proteomics approach identified 43 proteins that were commonly released in both the growth phases and 40 proteins newly-released at the early-stationary phase. The latter proteins may account for the higher cytotoxic activity of the early-stationary culture supernatant compared to that obtained at the mid-logarithmic phase. Among the newly-released proteins in the early-stationary phase supernatant were flagellar hook-associated domain protein (FliD), flagellar hook-associated protein (FlgK), TonB-dependent siderophore (Fiu), Elongation factor G (FusA), phosphoglycerate kinase (Pgk) and sulfatase (AslA) which are known for their virulence. Conclusion/Significance Differences in the ability of B. cepacia to invade and survive intracellularly inside the epithelial cells at different phases of growth may improve our understanding of the varied disease progressions associated with B. cepacia infections. In addition, the identified culture supernatant proteins may be used as targets for the development of new strategies to control B. cepacia infection using agents that can block their release.
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Identification of potential diagnostic markers among Burkholderia cenocepacia and B. multivorans supernatants. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48:4186-92. [PMID: 20810766 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00577-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are susceptible to chronic respiratory infections with a number of bacterial pathogens. Among them, the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) bacteria, consisting of nine related species, have emerged as problematic CF pathogens due to their antibiotic resistance, incidence of nosocomial infection, and person-to-person transmission. Bcc organisms present the clinical microbiologist with a diagnostic dilemma due to the lack of phenotypic biochemical or growth-related characterization tests that reliably distinguish among these organisms. The complex taxonomy of the Bcc species colonizing the CF respiratory tract makes accurate identification problematic. Despite the clinical implications of Bcc identification, a clinical laboratory differentiation of species within the Bcc is lacking. Additionally, no commercial assays are available to further identify the Bcc species. In the current study, secretory proteins present in the cultured supernatants of Burkholderia cenocepacia and Burkholderia multivorans were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). To assess differential expression, protein spots of B. cenocepacia and B. multivorans that were unique or displayed different intensities were chosen for MALDI-TOF MS analysis. In total, 341 protein spots were detected, of which 23 were unique to each species, demonstrating that potential diagnostic candidates between these two members of the Bcc exist.
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Experimental adaptation of Burkholderia cenocepacia to onion medium reduces host range. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:2387-96. [PMID: 20154121 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01930-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unclear whether adaptation to a new host typically broadens or compromises host range, yet the answer bears on the fate of emergent pathogens and symbionts. We investigated this dynamic using a soil isolate of Burkholderia cenocepacia, a species that normally inhabits the rhizosphere, is related to the onion pathogen B. cepacia, and can infect the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. We hypothesized that adaptation of B. cenocepacia to a novel host would compromise fitness and virulence in alternative hosts. We modeled adaptation to a specific host by experimentally evolving 12 populations of B. cenocepacia in liquid medium composed of macerated onion tissue for 1,000 generations. The mean fitness of all populations increased by 78% relative to the ancestor, but significant variation among lines was observed. Populations also varied in several phenotypes related to host association, including motility, biofilm formation, and quorum-sensing function. Together, these results suggest that each population adapted by fixing different sets of adaptive mutations. However, this adaptation was consistently accompanied by a loss of pathogenicity to the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans; by 500 generations most populations became unable to kill nematodes. In conclusion, we observed a narrowing of host range as a consequence of prolonged adaptation to an environment simulating a specific host, and we suggest that emergent pathogens may face similar consequences if they become host-restricted.
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Cunha LG, Assis MC, Machado GB, Assef AP, Marques EA, Leão RS, Saliba AM, Plotkowski MC. Potential mechanisms underlying the acute lung dysfunction and bacterial extrapulmonary dissemination during Burkholderia cenocepacia respiratory infection. Respir Res 2010; 11:4. [PMID: 20082687 PMCID: PMC2817657 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-11-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Burkholderia cenocepacia, an opportunistic pathogen that causes lung infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, is associated with rapid and usually fatal lung deterioration due to necrotizing pneumonia and sepsis, a condition known as cepacia syndrome. The key bacterial determinants associated with this poor clinical outcome in CF patients are not clear. In this study, the cytotoxicity and procoagulant activity of B. cenocepacia from the ET-12 lineage, that has been linked to the cepacia syndrome, and four clinical isolates recovered from CF patients with mild clinical courses were analysed in both in vitro and in vivo assays. Methods B. cenocepacia-infected BEAS-2B epithelial respiratory cells were used to investigate the bacterial cytotoxicity assessed by the flow cytometric detection of cell staining with propidium iodide. Bacteria-induced procoagulant activity in cell cultures was assessed by a colorimetric assay and by the flow cytometric detection of tissue factor (TF)-bearing microparticles in cell culture supernatants. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) from intratracheally infected mice were assessed for bacterial proinflammatory and procoagulant activities as well as for bacterial cytotoxicity, by the detection of released lactate dehydrogenase. Results ET-12 was significantly more cytotoxic to cell cultures but clinical isolates Cl-2, Cl-3 and Cl-4 exhibited also a cytotoxic profile. ET-12 and CI-2 were similarly able to generate a TF-dependent procoagulant environment in cell culture supernatant and to enhance the release of TF-bearing microparticles from infected cells. In the in vivo assay, all bacterial isolates disseminated from the mice lungs, but Cl-2 and Cl-4 exhibited the highest rates of recovery from mice livers. Interestingly, Cl-2 and Cl-4, together with ET-12, exhibited the highest cytotoxicity. All bacteria were similarly capable of generating a procoagulant and inflammatory environment in animal lungs. Conclusion B. cenocepacia were shown to exhibit cytotoxic and procoagulant activities potentially implicated in bacterial dissemination into the circulation and acute pulmonary decline detected in susceptible CF patients. Improved understanding of the mechanisms accounting for B. cenocepacia-induced clinical decline has the potential to indicate novel therapeutic strategies to be included in the care B. cenocepacia-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz G Cunha
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Abstract
Bacteria infect the respiratory tract early in the course of cystic fibrosis disease, often fail to be eradicated, and together with an aggressive host inflammatory response, are thought to be key players in the irreversible airway damage from which most patients ultimately die. Although incompletely understood, certain aspects of the cystic fibrosis airway itself appear to favor the development of chronic modes of survival, in particular biofilm formation; this and the development of antibiotic resistance following exposure to multiple antibiotic courses lead to chronic, persistent infection. In addition to the common cystic fibrosis pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, several newer species are becoming more common. Furthermore, new molecular techniques have led to the identification of multiple different organisms within respiratory secretions, many of which are not cultured with conventional tools. Future work should aim to develop clinically applicable methods to identify these and to determine which have the potential to impact pulmonary health. We outline the basic tenets of infection control and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane C Davies
- Department of Gene Therapy, Imperial College, Emmanuel Kaye Building, Manresa Road, London SW3 6NP, United Kingdom.
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Schmoock G, Ehricht R, Melzer F, Rassbach A, Scholz HC, Neubauer H, Sachse K, Mota RA, Saqib M, Elschner M. DNA microarray-based detection and identification of Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia spp. Mol Cell Probes 2009; 23:178-87. [PMID: 19366627 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2009.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Revised: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We developed a rapid oligonucleotide microarray assay based on genetic markers for the accurate identification and differentiation of Burkholderia (B.) mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei, the agents of glanders and melioidosis, respectively. These two agents were clearly identified using at least 4 independent genetic markers including 16S rRNA gene, fliC, motB and also by novel species-specific target genes, identified by in silico sequence analysis. Specific hybridization signal profiles allowed the detection and differentiation of up to 10 further Burkholderia spp., including the closely related species Burkholderia thailandensis and Burkholderia-like agents, such as Burkholderia cepacia, Burkholderia cenocepacia, Burkholderia vietnamiensis, Burkholderia ambifaria, and Burkholderia gladioli, which are often associated with cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. The assay was developed using the easy-to-handle and economical ArrayTube (AT) platform. A representative strain panel comprising 44 B. mallei, 32 B. pseudomallei isolates, and various Burkholderia type strains were examined to validate the test. Assay specificity was determined by examination of 40 non-Burkholderia strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Schmoock
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses at the Federal Research Institute for Animal Health (Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut), Naumburger Strasse 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Matsuoka H, Miura A, Hori K. Symbiotic effects of a lipase-secreting bacterium, Burkholderia arboris SL1B1, and a glycerol-assimilating yeast, Candida cylindracea SL1B2, on triacylglycerol degradation. J Biosci Bioeng 2009; 107:401-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2008.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2008] [Revised: 11/16/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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McClean S, Callaghan M. Burkholderia cepacia complex: epithelial cell–pathogen confrontations and potential for therapeutic intervention. J Med Microbiol 2009; 58:1-12. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.47788-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia cepaciacomplex (Bcc) is an important and virulent pathogen in cystic fibrosis patients. The interactions between this pathogen and the host lung epithelium are being widely investigated but remain to be elucidated. The complex is very versatile and its interactions with the lung epithelial cells are many and varied. The first steps in the interaction are penetration of the mucosal blanket and subsequent adherence to the epithelial cell surface. A range of epithelial receptors have been reported to bind to Bcc. The next step in pathogenesis is the invasion of the lung epithelial cell and also translocation across the epithelium to the serosal side. Furthermore, pathogenesis is mediated by a range of virulence factors that elicit their effects on the epithelial cells. This review outlines these interactions and examines the therapeutic implications of understanding the mechanisms of pathogenesis of this difficult, antibiotic-resistant, opportunistic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhán McClean
- Centre of Microbial Host Interactions, Institute of Technology Tallaght Dublin, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - Máire Callaghan
- Centre of Microbial Host Interactions, Institute of Technology Tallaght Dublin, Dublin 24, Ireland
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Mahenthiralingam E, Baldwin A, Dowson C. Burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria: opportunistic pathogens with important natural biology. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 104:1539-51. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03706.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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The complete genome, comparative and functional analysis of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia reveals an organism heavily shielded by drug resistance determinants. Genome Biol 2008; 9:R74. [PMID: 18419807 PMCID: PMC2643945 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2008-9-4-r74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2008] [Revised: 03/13/2008] [Accepted: 04/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a nosocomial opportunistic pathogen of the Xanthomonadaceae. The organism has been isolated from both clinical and soil environments in addition to the sputum of cystic fibrosis patients and the immunocompromised. Whilst relatively distant phylogenetically, the closest sequenced relatives of S. maltophilia are the plant pathogenic xanthomonads. RESULTS The genome of the bacteremia-associated isolate S. maltophilia K279a is 4,851,126 bp and of high G+C content. The sequence reveals an organism with a remarkable capacity for drug and heavy metal resistance. In addition to a number of genes conferring resistance to antimicrobial drugs of different classes via alternative mechanisms, nine resistance-nodulation-division (RND)-type putative antimicrobial efflux systems are present. Functional genomic analysis confirms a role in drug resistance for several of the novel RND efflux pumps. S. maltophilia possesses potentially mobile regions of DNA and encodes a number of pili and fimbriae likely to be involved in adhesion and biofilm formation that may also contribute to increased antimicrobial drug resistance. CONCLUSION The panoply of antimicrobial drug resistance genes and mobile genetic elements found suggests that the organism can act as a reservoir of antimicrobial drug resistance determinants in a clinical environment, which is an issue of considerable concern.
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Differential interaction of bacterial species from the Burkholderia cepacia complex with human airway epithelial cells. Microbes Infect 2007; 10:52-9. [PMID: 18068390 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2007.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2006] [Revised: 10/03/2007] [Accepted: 10/03/2007] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To increase knowledge of the pathogenic potential of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC), we investigated the effects of reference strains of the nine BCC species on human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. B. multivorans exhibited the highest rates of adherence to and internalization by host cells. Two out of three clinical isolates recovered from cystic fibrosis patients confirmed the B. multivorans high adhesiveness. All four B. multivorans isolates exhibited an aggregated pattern of adherence but any of them expressed cable pili. When bacteria were centrifuged onto cell cultures to circumvent their poor adhesiveness, B. pyrrocinia exhibited the highest internalization rate, followed by B. multivorans. The percentages of apoptotic cells in cultures infected with B. cepacia, B. multivorans, B. cenocepacia (subgroups IIIA and IIIB), B. stabilis and B. vietnamiensis were significantly higher than in control non-infected cultures. All nine BCC species triggered a similar release of the inflammatory cytokine IL-8, that was not reduced by cell treatment with cytochalasin D. Hence, our data demonstrate, for the first time, that all BCC species exhibit a similar ability to induce the expression of host immune mediators whereas they differ on their ability to adhere to, invade and kill airway epithelial cells.
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