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Waungana TH, Qiu K, Tse JJ, Anderson DD, Emery CA, Boyd SK, Manske SL. Accuracy of Volumetric Bone Mineral Density Measurement in Weight Bearing, Cone Beam Computed Tomography. J Clin Densitom 2024; 27:101504. [PMID: 38897133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2024.101504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight bearing computed tomography (WBCT) utilizes cone beam CT technology to provide assessments of lower limb joint structures while they are functionally loaded. Grey-scale values indicative of X-ray attenuation that are output from cone beam CT are challenging to calibrate, and their use for bone mineral density (BMD) measurement remains debatable. To determine whether WBCT can be reliably used for cortical and trabecular BMD assessment, we sought to establish the accuracy of BMD measurements at the knee using modern WBCT by comparing them to measurements from conventional CT. METHODS A hydroxyapatite phantom with three inserts of varying densities was used to systematically quantify signal uniformity and BMD accuracy across the acquisition volume. We evaluated BMD in vivo (n = 5, female) using synchronous and asynchronous calibration techniques in WBCT and CT. To account for variation in attenuation along the height (z-axis) of acquisition volumes, we tested a height-dependent calibration approach for both WBCT and CT images. RESULTS Phantom BMD measurement error in WBCT was as high as 15.3% and consistently larger than CT (up to 5.6%). Phantom BMD measures made under synchronous conditions in WBCT improved measurement accuracy by up to 3% but introduced more variability in measured BMD. We found strong correlations (R = 0.96) as well as wide limits of agreement (-324 mgHA/cm3 to 183 mgHA/cm3) from Bland-Altman analysis between WBCT and CT measures in vivo that were not improved by height-dependent calibration. CONCLUSION Whilst BMD accuracy from WBCT was found to be dependent on apparent density, accuracy was independent of the calibration technique (synchronous or asynchronous) and the location of the measurement site within the field of view. Overall, we found strong correlations between BMD measures from WBCT and CT and in vivo measures to be more accurate in trabecular bone regions. Importantly, WBCT can be used to distinguish between anatomically relevant differences in BMD, however future work is necessary to determine the repeatability and sensitivity of BMD measures in WBCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadiwa H Waungana
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Keven Qiu
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin J Tse
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Donald D Anderson
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Carolyn A Emery
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Steven K Boyd
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sarah L Manske
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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da Silva AAF, Lima CAA, Montano-Pedroso JC, Pereira MD. Bone Density of the Midpalatal Suture After Surgically Assisted Rapid Maxillary Expansion: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Craniofac Surg 2024:00001665-990000000-01693. [PMID: 38856203 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000010402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the bone density in the midpalatal suture after 10 months of surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) with the separation of the maxilla into 2 segments. METHODS Sixty multislice computed tomography (MCT) from 20 patients undergoing SARME were analyzed in 3 periods of time (1 MCT per patient on each occasion): (1) 1 week before surgery, (2) postsurgery immediately after completing the expander activation, and (3) 10 months after the expander activation. On all occasions, the bone density was measured in Hounsfield units on MCT scans in axial and coronal sections, in the anterior (A1), middle (A2), and posterior (A3) regions of the midpalatal suture. RESULTS The mean percentage values of bone density in Hounsfield units, from the 10-month postactivation period to preoperative in the A1, A2, and A3 regions were 68.38%, 38.21%, and 55.90%, respectively, in the axial norm, and 64.06%, 36.81%, and 55.50% in coronal norm (A1 = A3>A2), with no significant difference in the tomographic cuts (P >0.05). There was no correlation between patient age or amount of expansion in the expander and bone density. CONCLUSIONS The bone density in the midpalatal suture 10 months after SARME is lower than preexpansion. A denser new bone formation along the suture concentrates closer to the extremities rather than in the central region. Although the maturation of the new bone formation in the midpalatal suture is lower 10 months after SARME, it appears to be sufficient for satisfactory clinical results, regardless of patient age or the amount of expansion in the expander.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Augusto Ferreira da Silva
- Department of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Postgraduate Program in Translational Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
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Boubaris M, Cameron AB, Love R, George R. Influence of periapical lesion volume on the radiodensity of surrounding bone: A CBCT study. JOURNAL OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS 2024; 27:626-633. [PMID: 38989501 PMCID: PMC11232769 DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_178_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Aim This study assesses if the size of periapical lesions has an effect on the bone immediately peripheral to an apical lesion. Methods Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 271 periapical lesions were analyzed using Mimics Research™ to determine the CBCT periapical lesion volume index (CBCTPAVI) score, along with the radiodensity of the lesion, lesion border, and surrounding bone in 0.5 mm increments up to 2.0 mm peripheral to the apical lesion. The one-way analysis of variance was used to assess for significant differences in the radiodensity of the lesion, border, and peripheral bone, as well as differences among CBCTPAVI scores. Results The radiodensity of bone peripheral to the apical lesion increased significantly up to 1.0 mm around the lesion's perimeter. In addition, lesions with higher CBCTPAVI scores showed a significantly greater difference in the radiodensity from the lesion to the lesion border and the peripheral bone, compared to lesions with smaller CBCTPAVI scores. Conclusions This study for the first time shows the influence of periapical lesion size on the radiodensity of bone peripheral to an apical lesion. Variations in radiodensity at the perimeter of a periapical lesion can be influenced by the size of the lesion, possibly indicating differences in defense response. Knowledge of these phenomena may provide information on bone healing and enhance our understanding of bone peripheral to a periapical lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Boubaris
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Andrew B Cameron
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Robert Love
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Roy George
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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Shi Q, Gu Z, Lai D, Dai Q, Yu F. Three-dimensional evaluation of condylar morphology after orthodontic treatment in adult patients with Class II malocclusion by cone-beam computed tomography. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:48. [PMID: 38191341 PMCID: PMC10775592 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03728-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the condylar morphological changes after orthodontic treatment in adult patients with Class II malocclusion using a Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS Images of twenty-eight adult patients with Class II malocclusion who have no temporomandibular symptoms were involved in this study. To analyze the post-treatment changes in condylar morphology, mimics 17.0 software was used to measure several values and reconstruct the three-dimensional condyle, including height of the condyle, area and bone mineral density of the maximum axial and sagittal section, volume and bone mineral density of the three-dimensional condyle and condylar head before and after orthodontic treatment. Using SPSS 19.0 software package Paired t-test was applied for comparison of condylar morphology analysis between pre-treatment and post-treatment. RESULTS Height of condylar head increase significant (P < .05). Bone mineral density showed a decrease in the maximum axial and sagittal section, three-dimensional condyle and condylar head (P < .01). Evaluation of volume revealed that volume of both condyle and condylar head decrease considerably (P < .05). No significant difference was detected in other values ((P > .05). CONCLUSION Condylar volume decreased and height of condylar head have changed, so we speculated that adaptive bone remodeling of the condyle occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiutao Shi
- Department of stomatology, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Gu
- School of stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Danping Lai
- Department of stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310005, China
| | - Qi Dai
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Fengyang Yu
- Orthodontic Center, Perfect Dental Care, Hangzhou, 310051, China
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Yadegari A, Safi Y, Shahbazi S, Yaghoutiazar S, Ghazizadeh Ahsaie M. Assessment of CBCT gray value in different regions-of-interest and fields-of-view compared to Hounsfield unit. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2023; 52:20230187. [PMID: 37874074 PMCID: PMC10968765 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20230187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Different factors can affect the discrepancy between the gray value (GV) measurements obtained from CBCT and the Hounsfield unit (HU) derived from multidetector CT (MDCT), which is considered the gold-standard density scale. This study aimed to explore the impact of region of interest (ROI) location and field of view (FOV) size on the difference between these two scales as a potential source of error. METHODS Three phantoms, each consisting of a water-filled plastic bin containing a dry dentate human skull, were prepared. CBCT scans were conducted using the NewTom VGi evo system, while MDCT scans were performed using Philips system. Three different FOV sizes (8 × 8 cm, 8 × 12 cm, and 12 × 15 cm) were used, and the GVs obtained from eight distinct ROIs were compared with the HUs from the MDCT scans. The ROIs included dental and bony regions within the anterior and posterior areas of both jaws. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS v. 26. RESULTS The GVs derived from CBCT images were significantly influenced by both ROI location and FOV size (p < 0.05 for both factors). Following the comparison between GVs and HUs, the anterior mandibular bone ROI represented the minimum error, while the posterior mandibular teeth exhibited the maximum error. Moreover, the 8 × 8 cm and 12 × 15 cm FOVs resulted in the lowest and highest degrees of GV error, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The ROI location and the FOV size can significantly affect the GVs obtained from CBCT images. It is not recommended to use the GV scale within the posterior mandibular teeth region due to the potential for error. Additionally, selecting smaller FOV sizes, such as 8 × 8 cm, can provide GVs closer to the gold-standard numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiye Yadegari
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Yaser Safi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheil Shahbazi
- Dental Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Yaghoutiazar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mitra Ghazizadeh Ahsaie
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bott KN, Matheson BE, Smith ACJ, Tse JJ, Boyd SK, Manske SL. Addressing Challenges of Opportunistic Computed Tomography Bone Mineral Density Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2572. [PMID: 37568935 PMCID: PMC10416827 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13152572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) offers advanced biomedical imaging of the body and is broadly utilized for clinical diagnosis. Traditionally, clinical CT scans have not been used for volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) assessment; however, computational advances can now leverage clinically obtained CT data for the secondary analysis of bone, known as opportunistic CT analysis. Initial applications focused on using clinically acquired CT scans for secondary osteoporosis screening, but opportunistic CT analysis can also be applied to answer research questions related to vBMD changes in response to various disease states. There are several considerations for opportunistic CT analysis, including scan acquisition, contrast enhancement, the internal calibration technique, and bone segmentation, but there remains no consensus on applying these methods. These factors may influence vBMD measures and therefore the robustness of the opportunistic CT analysis. Further research and standardization efforts are needed to establish a consensus and optimize the application of opportunistic CT analysis for accurate and reliable assessment of vBMD in clinical and research settings. This review summarizes the current state of opportunistic CT analysis, highlighting its potential and addressing the associated challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten N. Bott
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (K.N.B.); (S.K.B.)
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Bryn E. Matheson
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Ainsley C. J. Smith
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (K.N.B.); (S.K.B.)
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Justin J. Tse
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (K.N.B.); (S.K.B.)
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Steven K. Boyd
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (K.N.B.); (S.K.B.)
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Sarah L. Manske
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (K.N.B.); (S.K.B.)
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
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Park CS, Kang SR, Kim JE, Huh KH, Lee SS, Heo MS, Han JJ, Yi WJ. Validation of bone mineral density measurement using quantitative CBCT image based on deep learning. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11921. [PMID: 37488135 PMCID: PMC10366160 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38943-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone mineral density (BMD) measurement is a direct method of estimating human bone mass for diagnosing osteoporosis, and performed to objectively evaluate bone quality before implant surgery in dental clinics. The objective of this study was to validate the accuracy and reliability of BMD measurements made using quantitative cone-beam CT (CBCT) image based on deep learning by applying the method to clinical data from actual patients. Datasets containing 7500 pairs of CT and CBCT axial slice images from 30 patients were used to train a previously developed deep-learning model (QCBCT-NET). We selected 36 volumes of interest in the CBCT images for each patient in the bone regions of potential implants sites on the maxilla and mandible. We compared the BMDs shown in the quantitative CBCT (QCBCT) images with those in the conventional CBCT (CAL_CBCT) images at the various bone sites of interest across the entire field of view (FOV) using the performance metrics of the MAE, RMSE, MAPE (mean absolute percentage error), R2 (coefficient of determination), and SEE (standard error of estimation). Compared with the ground truth (QCT) images, the accuracy of the BMD measurements from the QCBCT images showed an RMSE of 83.41 mg/cm3, MAE of 67.94 mg/cm3, and MAPE of 8.32% across all the bone sites of interest, whereas for the CAL_CBCT images, those values were 491.15 mg/cm3, 460.52 mg/cm3, and 54.29%, respectively. The linear regression between the QCBCT and QCT images showed a slope of 1.00 and a R2 of 0.85, whereas for the CAL_CBCT images, those values were 0.32 and 0.24, respectively. The overall SEE between the QCBCT images and QCT images was 81.06 mg/cm3, whereas the SEE for the CAL_CBCT images was 109.32 mg/cm3. The QCBCT images thus showed better accuracy, linearity, and uniformity than the CAL_CBCT images across the entire FOV. The BMD measurements from the quantitative CBCT images showed high accuracy, linearity, and uniformity regardless of the relative geometric positions of the bone in the potential implant site. When applied to actual patient CBCT images, the CBCT-based quantitative BMD measurement based on deep learning demonstrated high accuracy and reliability across the entire FOV.
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Grants
- Project Number: 1711174552, KMDF_PR_20200901_0147 Korea Medical Device Development Fund Grant funded by the Korea government (the Ministry of Science and ICT, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, the Ministry of Health & Welfare, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety)
- Project Number: 1711174543, KMDF_PR_20200901_0011 Korea Medical Device Development Fund Grant funded by the Korea government (the Ministry of Science and ICT, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, the Ministry of Health & Welfare, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety)
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Soo Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se-Ryong Kang
- Department of Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jo-Eun Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoe Huh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sam-Sun Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Suk Heo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Joon Han
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won-Jin Yi
- Department of Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Shinde SK, Vadvadgi VH, Bhasin N, Laddha R, Bedia AS, Patil P. Clinico-Radiographic Research Evaluating Crestal Bone Level and Bone Density Surrounding Dental Implants. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2023; 15:S940-S943. [PMID: 37693961 PMCID: PMC10485405 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_275_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Planning the surgical operation, choosing the type of implant, and the effectiveness of the implant all heavily rely on the quantity and quality of the accessible bone. This study's goal was to determine how promptly inserted dental implants affected postoperative changes in bone density and crestal bone level by Cone bean computed tomography (CBCT) gray-scale value during a follow-up of three to six months. Method A prospective clinical-radiographic investigation was conducted. Twenty participants with a partly edentulous arch who were also systemically healthy were chosen from the OPD of the Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology. Each patient's oral hygiene status was noted, and a preoperative CBCT was performed to assess bone density. The following clinical parameters were noted before surgical procedures: plaque index (PI) (Silness and Loe, 1964), gingival index (GI) (Loe and Sillness, 1964), probing pocket depth (PPD), and primary stability. Result A weak connection between Hounsfield unit (HU) in three months and six months was found. Moreover, a slender positive connection between baseline primary stability and three months was found. PI was shown to have a statistically significant difference between the means at several follow-ups (P value of 0.0001). PI and probing depth were not statistically different between baseline and six months (P values = 0.0001) or between three months and six months (P values = 0.050), respectively. Conclusion The main outcome of this study shows that insertion torque is directly proportional to bone density and crestal bone level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar K. Shinde
- Department of Periodontology, Late Shri Yashwantrao Chavan Memorial Medical and Rural Development Foundation Dental College and Hospital, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vinay H. Vadvadgi
- Department of Periodontology, Rural Dental College, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Deemed to be University, Taluka Rahata, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India
| | - Navreet Bhasin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Maharaja Ganga Singh Dental College and Research Centre, Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rashmi Laddha
- Department of Periodontics, Dr. R. R. Kambe Dental College and Hospital, Sarap, Maharastra, India
| | - Aarti S. Bedia
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Radiology, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Pune, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Pranav Patil
- Associate Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics. Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra, India
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Nomura Y, Watanabe H, Tomisato H, Kawashima S, Miura M. Gumbel distribution-based technique enables quantitative comparison between streak metal artifacts of multidetector row CT and cone-beam CT: a phantom study. Phys Eng Sci Med 2023; 46:801-812. [PMID: 37052806 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-023-01252-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), derived from multidetector row CT (MDCT), has a high spatial resolution and has recently been applied to various organs. One of the severe limitations common to CBCT and MDCT is metal artifacts. In particular, streak metal artifacts (SMAs) between multiple metal materials often hinder diagnosis. However, no studies have quantitatively compared the strength of SMAs in MDCT and CBCT. Nomura et al. reported an evaluation method specialized in SMAs of CBCT using the Gumbel distribution (GD), which can also be applied to SMAs of MDCT (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 131: 494-502, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.OOOO.2020.08.031 ). This study aimed to quantitatively compare SMAs occurring between titanium materials on MDCT and CBCT images using the GD-based method. The SMAs were investigated as follows: A hydroxyapatite block was sandwiched between two titanium rods to generate an SMA. They were placed in an acrylic phantom, simulating a human head, and scanned using an MDCT scanner and two CBCT scanners. The obtained images were analyzed using Gumbel plots and location parameters, and the SMA strength was calculated. The results showed that the SMAs on the MDCT images were significantly weaker than those on the CBCT images. In the CBCT scans, a smaller volume CT dose index value caused stronger SMAs. These results indicate that MDCT is more advantageous than CBCT in terms of SMA reduction when bone morphology between titanium materials must be evaluated. The characteristic should be considered in clinical cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Nomura
- Department of Dental Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Dental Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tomisato
- Radiology Center, Division of Integrated Facilities, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakurako Kawashima
- Department of Dental Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Masahiko Miura
- Department of Dental Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
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Cobos SF, Norley CJ, Nikolov HN, Holdsworth DW. 3D-printed large-area focused grid for scatter reduction in cone-beam CT. Med Phys 2023; 50:240-258. [PMID: 36215176 DOI: 10.1002/mp.16005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) systems acquire volumetric data more efficiently than fan-beam or multislice CT, particularly when the anatomy of interest resides within the axial field-of-view of the detector and data can be acquired in one rotation. For such systems, scattered radiation remains a source of image quality degradation leading to increased noise, image artifacts, and CT number inaccuracies. PURPOSE Recent advances in metal additive manufacturing allow the production of highly focused antiscatter grids (2D-ASGs) that can be used to reduce scatter intensity, while preserving primary radiation transmission. We present the first implementation of a large-area, 2D-ASG for flat-panel CBCT, including grid-line artifact removal and related improvements in image quality. METHODS A 245 × 194 × 10 mm 2D-ASG was manufactured from chrome-cobalt alloy using laser powder-bed fusion (LPBF) (AM-400; Renishaw plc, New Mills Wotton-under-Edge, UK). The 2D-ASG had a square profile with a pitch of 9.09 lines/cm and 10:1 grid-ratio. The nominal 0.1 mm grid septa were focused to a 732 mm x-ray source to optimize primary x-ray transmission and reduce grid-line shadowing at the detector. Powder-bed fusion ensured the structural stability of the ASG with no need for additional interseptal support. The 2D-ASG was coupled to a 0.139-mm element pitch flat-panel detector (DRX 3543, Carestream Health) and proper alignment was confirmed by consistent grid-line shadow thickness across the whole detector array. A 154-mm diameter CBCT image-quality-assurance phantom was imaged using a rotary stage and a ceiling-mounted, x-ray unit (Proteus XR/a, GE Medical Systems, 80kVp, 0.5mAs). Grid-line artifacts were removed using a combination of exposure-dependent gain correction and spatial-frequency, Fourier filtering. Projections were reconstructed using a Parker-weighted, FDK algorithm and voxels were spatially averaged to 357 × 357 × 595 µm to improve the signal-to-noise characteristics of the CBCT reconstruction. Finally, in order to compare image quality with and without scatter, the phantom was scanned again under the same CBCT conditions but with no 2D-ASG. No additional antiscatter (i.e., air-gap, bowtie filtration) strategies were used to evaluate the effects in image quality caused by the 2D-ASG alone. RESULTS The large-area, 2D-ASG prototype was successfully designed and manufactured using LPBF. CBCT image-quality improvements using the 2D-ASG included: an overall 14.5% CNR increase across the volume; up to 48.8% CNR increase for low-contrast inserts inside the contrast plate of the QA phantom; and a 65% reduction of cupping artifact in axial profiles of water-filled cross sections of the phantom. Advanced image processing strategies to remove grid line artifacts did not affect the spatial resolution or geometric accuracy of the system. CONCLUSIONS LPBF can be used to manufacture highly efficient, 2D-focused ASGs that can be easily coupled to clinical, flat-panel detectors. The implementation of ASGs in CBCT leads to reduced scatter-related artifacts, improved CT number accuracy, and enhanced CNR with no increased equivalent dose to the patient. Further improvements to image quality might be achieved with a combination of scatter-correction algorithms and iterative-reconstruction strategies. Finally, clinical applications where other scatter removal strategies are unfeasible might now achieve superior soft-tissue visualization and quantitative capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David Wayne Holdsworth
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Serindere G, Aktuna B, Serindere M, Berkay B, Orhan K. Evaluation of beam hardening artifacts around dental implants: CT study on bovine ribs. BALKAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.5937/bjdm2301028s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate beam hardening artifacts generated by Grade 4 and Grade 5 dental implants on computed tomography (CT) images at low and high kilovoltage peaks (kVp). Material and Methods: A total of 16 implants, 8 of which were Grade 4 and 8 were Grade 5, were inserted into bovine ribs. CT images of bovine ribs were acquired using two different exposure protocol: low kVp and high kVp. Beam hardening artifacts generated by Grade 4 and Grade 5 dental implants were calculated by the mean Hounsfield unit (HU) within a standardized region-of-interest (ROI). Results: Artifact in Grade 4 implants were greater than that in Grade 5 implants. Also, artifacts at the high kVp were lower than that at the low kVp. Conclusions: CT scans providing HU values can be used to evaluate the beam hardening artifact. Beam hardening artifacts decreased in the CT images with high kVp. Grade 5 dental implants have an advantage by producing less severe beam hardening artifacts.
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Goyushov S, Asar NV, Tözüm TF. Assessment of Radiodensity at Mandibular Periapical Bone Sites using Three-Dimensional Cone-Beam Computed Tomography. J Oral Maxillofac Res 2023; 14:e2. [PMID: 37180408 PMCID: PMC10170661 DOI: 10.5037/jomr.2023.14102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The aims of this retrospective study were to objectively assess bone density values obtained by cone-beam computed tomography and to map the periapical and inter-radicular regions of the mandibular bone. Material and Methods In total, periapical bone regions of 6898 roots scanned by cone-beam computed tomography were evaluated retrospectively, and the results were recorded using Hounsfield units (HU). Results The correlation between periapical HU values of adjacent mandibular teeth were strongly positive (P ˂ 0.01). The anterior region of the mandible yielded highest mean HU value (633.55). The mean periapical HU value of the premolar region (470.58) was higher than that was measured for molar region (374.58). The difference between furcation HU values of the first and second molars was unnoticeable. Conclusions The results of this study have tried to evaluate the periapical regions of all mandibular teeth, which could ease to predict the bone radiodensity before implant surgery. Even though the Hounsfield units provide the average radio-bone density, a site-specific bone tissue evaluation of each case is essential for appropriate cone-beam computed tomography preoperative planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Goyushov
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Aydin University, IstanbulTurkey
| | - Neset Volkan Asar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, AnkaraTurkey
| | - Tolga Fikret Tözüm
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IllinoisUSA
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Han K, You ST, Lee HJ, Kim IS, Hong JT, Sung JH. Hounsfield unit measurement method and related factors that most appropriately reflect bone mineral density on cervical spine computed tomography. Skeletal Radiol 2022; 51:1987-1993. [PMID: 35419706 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-022-04050-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our study's purpose was to determine the most reliable Hounsfield unit (HU) measurement method to reflect bone mineral density (BMD) on cervical spine computed tomography (CT) and to identify any factors that influence these results. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 439 consecutive patients with mild head and neck injuries. Mean HU values of the C2-C7 vertebra were determined on each sagittal, coronal, and axial CT image. Correlation patterns were analyzed between the HU value and corresponding dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in the lumbar vertebra (T-score) and femoral neck (T-score). A sub-group analysis was performed according to patient age, sex, and degree of spinal degeneration. RESULTS The correlation coefficients for HU and DXA ranged from 0.52 to 0.65 in all cervical segments. A simple linear regression analysis revealed the following formula: T-score = 0.01 × (HU) - 4.55. The mean HU values for osteopenia and osteoporosis were 284.0 ± 63.3 and 231.5 ± 52.8, respectively. The ROC curve indicated that the HU method has a sensitivity of 89.2% and specificity of 88.7% to diagnose osteoporosis. The HU measurement showed a high correlation value (range: r = 0.64-0.70) with spine DXA score regardless of the degree of degeneration or patient age or sex. CONCLUSION HU values using the upper two cervical vertebrae (C2 and C3) reflected a more reliable BMD level than other segments. Additionally, the HU of cervical CT provided reliable information regardless of measurement plane, age or sex, and degree of degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungmin Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, St. Vincent Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 93-6 Ji-Dong, Paldal-gu, Suwon, 442-723, Korea
| | - Soon Tae You
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, St. Vincent Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 93-6 Ji-Dong, Paldal-gu, Suwon, 442-723, Korea
| | - Ho Jin Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, St. Vincent Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 93-6 Ji-Dong, Paldal-gu, Suwon, 442-723, Korea.
| | - Il Sup Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, St. Vincent Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 93-6 Ji-Dong, Paldal-gu, Suwon, 442-723, Korea
| | - Jae Taek Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Sung
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, St. Vincent Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 93-6 Ji-Dong, Paldal-gu, Suwon, 442-723, Korea
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Effect of the Field of View Size on CBCT Artifacts Caused by the Presence of Metal Objects in the Exomass. Int J Dent 2022; 2022:2071108. [PMID: 36117513 PMCID: PMC9481401 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2071108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Materials and Methods In this in vitro experimental study, titanium implants, teeth with cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) intracanal posts, and teeth with mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) amalgam restorations were placed in an empty socket of the extracted third molar of a human mandible. These metallic materials were differently arranged in the exomass (zone outside of the FOV). A polypropylene tube containing dipotassium phosphate was placed in the empty socket of the right canine tooth in a dry human mandible. CBCT scans were taken with a NewTom VGI (Verona, Italy) scanner using a 6 × 6 cm and an 8 × 8 cm FOV. The histogram tool of OnDemand software (Cybermed, Seoul, Korea) was used to select circles with a 1.5 mm diameter as the (ROI) at the center of the homogenous solution of dipotassium phosphate tube on the axial plane. The mean gray value (GV) and its standard deviation (SD) in the region of interest (ROI) were calculated (P > 0.05). The data were analyzed by SPSS 26. Results The reduction in the size of the FOV significantly decreased the mean GV (P < 0.001). Metal objects in the exomass significantly decreased the mean GV (P < 0.001), and minimum mean GV and maximum SD were recorded for amalgam, followed by Co-Cr intracanal posts, and titanium implants. The unilateral presence of a metal object was associated with a higher mean GV and lower SD (P < 0.001). Conclusion Using a smaller FOV increases the size of the exomass, which may negatively affect the image quality. Metal objects in the exomass decrease the GV of CBCT scans and adversely affect the image quality.
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Abstract
Assessing bone density in prospective dental implant sites is crucial both for choosing the implant type and for planning a drilling procedure that will ensure the implant’s primary stability and osseointegration. This study aimed to investigate possible differences between the bone densities of various edentulous sites in the maxilla and mandible. The study was conducted on a group of forty partly edentulous patients who underwent radiological examination by scanning the areas of interest using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Hounsfield units (HU) were analyzed using dedicated software. Higher HU were observed at the site of mandibular central incisors compared to the site of maxillary central incisors. The HU values in the mandibular first molars region were higher than those of the maxillary first molars. Buccal vs. lingual or palatal cortical HU values did not differ significantly. Within the limitations of this study, it can be stated that an objective assessment of site-specific bone density before the installation of dental implants may provide valuable clinical information for the selection of implant size and the planning of a patient-specific drilling protocol.
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Tayman MA, Kamburoğlu K, Ocak M, Özen D. Effect of different voxel sizes on the accuracy of CBCT measurements of trabecular bone microstructure: A comparative micro-CT study. Imaging Sci Dent 2022; 52:171-179. [PMID: 35799972 PMCID: PMC9226237 DOI: 10.5624/isd.20220025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmure Ayşe Tayman
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kıvanç Kamburoğlu
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mert Ocak
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences-Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Doğukan Özen
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Eguren M, Holguin A, Diaz K, Vidalon J, Linan C, Pacheco-Pereira C, Lagravere Vich MO. Can gray values be converted to Hounsfield units? A systematic review. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2022; 51:20210140. [PMID: 34148350 PMCID: PMC8693322 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20210140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review was to answer the focus question: "Could the gray values (GVs) from CBCT (cone beam computed tomography) be converted to Hounsfield units (HUs) in multidetector computed tomography (MDCT)?" METHODS The included studies try to answer the research question according to the PICO strategy. Studies were gathered by searching several electronic databases and partial grey literature up to January 2021 without language or time restrictions. The methodological assessment of the studies was performed using The Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) for in vitro studies and the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) for in vivo studies. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE system) instrument was applied to assess the level of evidence across the studies. RESULTS 2710 articles were obtained in Phase 1, and 623 citations remained after removing duplicates. Only three studies were included in this review using a two-phase selection process and after applying the eligibility criteria. All studies were methodologically acceptable, although in general terms with low risks of bias. There are some included studies with quite low and limited evidence estimations and recommendation forces; evidencing the need for clinical studies with diagnostic capacity to support its use. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review demonstrated that the GVs from CBCT cannot be converted to HUs due to the lack of clinical studies with diagnostic capacity to support its use. However, it is evidenced that three conversion steps (equipment calibration, prediction equation models, and a standard formula (converting GVs to HUs)) are needed to obtain pseudo Hounsfield values instead of only obtaining them from a regression or directly from the software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Eguren
- Master in Orthodontic Graduate Program, Faculty of Stomatology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Anderson Holguin
- Program of Orthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Karla Diaz
- Stomatology Second Specialty, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Perú
| | - Jose Vidalon
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Stomatology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Carlos Linan
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Camila Pacheco-Pereira
- University of Alberta, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Radiology, 11405-87 Ave, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Manuel Oscar Lagravere Vich
- University of Alberta, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Orthodontic Graduate Program, ECHA 5-524, 11405-87 Ave, Edmonton, Canada
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Selvaraj A, Jain RK, Nagi R, Balasubramaniam A. Correlation between gray values of cone-beam computed tomograms and Hounsfield units of computed tomograms: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Imaging Sci Dent 2022; 52:133-140. [PMID: 35799965 PMCID: PMC9226229 DOI: 10.5624/isd.20210274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this review was to systematically analyze the available literature on the correlation between the gray values (GVs) of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and the Hounsfield units (HUs) of computed tomography (CT) for assessing bone mineral density. Materials and Methods A literature search was carried out in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Scopus, and LILACS for studies published through September 2021. In vitro, in vivo, and animal studies that analyzed the correlations GVs of CBCT and HUs of CT were included in this review. The review was prepared according to the PRISMA checklist for systematic reviews, and the risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool. A quantitative analysis was performed using a fixed-effects model. Results The literature search identified a total of 5,955 studies, of which 14 studies were included for the qualitative analysis and 2 studies for the quantitative analysis. A positive correlation was observed between the GVs of CBCT and HUs of CT. Out of the 14 studies, 100% had low risks of bias for the domains of patient selection, index test, and reference standards, while 95% of studies had a low risk of bias for the domain of flow and timing. The fixed-effects meta-analysis performed for Pearson correlation coefficients between CBCT and CT showed a moderate positive correlation (r=0.669; 95% CI, 0.388 to 0.836; P<0.05). Conclusion The available evidence showed a positive correlation between the GVs of CBCT and HUs of CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abirami Selvaraj
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Ravindra Kumar Jain
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Ravleen Nagi
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Arthi Balasubramaniam
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
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Midpalatal suture density ratio after rapid maxillary expansion evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 161:238-247. [PMID: 34563427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Identifying the stage of midpalatal suture (MPS) fusion is essential for rapid maxillary expansion (RME). The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between MPS density ratio and the skeletal response after RME using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS CBCT scans of 64 patients (age, 13.81 ± 1.68 years; 42 females and 22 males) who underwent RME as part of comprehensive orthodontic treatment were used for this study. Two CBCT records were made at T1 (pre-RME) and T2 (post-RME). MPS density was assessed by gray scale and the skeletal effects through linear measurements: greater palatine foramina, the width of the nasal cavity (NW), infraorbital foramina. The data were collected at 4 different times: baseline, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 4 weeks. RESULTS There was no statistically significant correlation between MPS density ratio and greater palatine foramina or infraorbital foramina. Negative correlations with MPS density ratio are presented with the difference of age post-RME and pre-RME (r = -0.46, P = 0.033) in males, and NW (r = -0.41, P = 0.007) in females. A significant association between gender and the MPS density ratio was found (P = 0.015) in females. CONCLUSIONS There is a weak negative correlation between the MPS density ratio and the difference of age post-RME and pre-RME in males and the NW in females. Females presented greater density ratios than males. MPS density ratio through CBCT does not appear to be an adequate parameter to predict the skeletal effect in adolescent patients and young adults.
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Khosravifard A, Saberi BV, Khosravifard N, Motallebi S, Kajan ZD, Ghaffari ME. Application of an auto-edge counting method for quantification of metal artifacts in CBCT images: a multivariate analysis of object position, field of view size, tube voltage, and metal artifact reduction algorithm. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2021; 132:735-743. [PMID: 33975812 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to assess the effects of object position, field of view (FOV) size, peak kilovoltage (kVp), and a metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithm on metal artifacts in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) as measured with an auto-edge counting method. STUDY DESIGN A titanium implant and a stainless steel intracanal post in a root were inserted in bovine rib blocks. CBCT scans were acquired with changes in object position (incisor, canine, and premolar-molar areas), FOV, kVp, and MAR (on or off) mode. Images were quantitatively analyzed in MATLAB by using the Canny edge detection algorithm. Four-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests were applied for data analysis. RESULTS The implant produced no significant differences in number of artifacts among the object positions through changing the kVp and MAR mode for all FOV sizes (P > .05). The intracanal post scanned with the medium-sized FOV, high kVp, and MAR off mode generated significant differences among object positions (P = .033). Among the variables assessed, FOV size and MAR mode had a significant influence on the number of artifacts (P ≤ .039). CONCLUSION Reduction of FOV size and application of the MAR tool significantly decreased the number of streak artifacts. The Canny edge detection algorithm could be an efficient method of metal artifact quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Khosravifard
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bardia Vadiati Saberi
- Dental Sciences Research Center, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Negar Khosravifard
- Dental Sciences Research Center, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Samaneh Motallebi
- Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Zahra Dalili Kajan
- Dental Sciences Research Center, Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ebrahim Ghaffari
- Dental Sciences Research Center, Department of Biostatistics, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Soltani P, Eisazadeh M, Khojastepour L, Haghnegahdar A. Comparison of Condylar Bone Density in Cone-Beam Computed Tomographic Images of Patients with and without Temporomandibular Joint Disorders. JOURNAL OF OROFACIAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jofs.jofs_89_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Ahad A, Haque E, Naaz S, Bey A, Rahman SA. Pattern of buccal and palatal bone density in the maxillary premolar region: an anatomical basis of anterior-middle superior alveolar (AMSA) anesthetic technique. J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2020; 20:387-395. [PMID: 33409367 PMCID: PMC7783380 DOI: 10.17245/jdapm.2020.20.6.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The anterior-middle superior alveolar (AMSA) anesthetic technique has been reported to be a less traumatic alternative to several conventional nerve blocks and local infiltration for anesthesia of the maxillary teeth, their periodontium, and the palate. However, its anatomic basis remains controversial. The present study aimed to determine if the pattern of cortical and cancellous bone density in the maxillary premolar region can provide a rationale for the success of the AMSA anesthetic technique. Methods Cone-beam computed tomography scans of 66 maxillary quadrants from 34 patients (16 men and 18 women) were evaluated using a volumetric imaging software for cortical and cancellous bone densities in three interdental regions between the canine and first molar. Bone density was measured in Hounsfield units (HU) separately for the buccal cortical, palatal cortical, buccal cancellous, and palatal cancellous bones. Mean HU values were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test and one-way ANOVA with post-hoc analysis. Results Cancellous bone density was significantly lower (P ≤ 0.001) in the palatal half than in the buccal half across all three interdental regions. However, there was no significant difference (P = 0.106) between the buccal and palatal cortical bone densities at the site of AMSA injection. No significant difference was observed between the two genders for any of the evaluated parameters. Conclusions The palatal half of the cancellous bone had a significantly lower density than the buccal half, which could be a reason for the effective diffusion of the anesthetic solution following a palatal injection during the AMSA anesthetic technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Ahad
- Department of Dentistry, Medini Rai Medical College, Palamu, Jharkhand, India
| | - Ekramul Haque
- Department of Periodontics, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
| | - Sabiha Naaz
- Department of Periodontics, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
| | - Afshan Bey
- Department of Periodontics, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
| | - Sajjad Abdur Rahman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
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ElNaghy R, Bous R, Chinoy A, Kumar A, Valiathan M. A Qualitative Assessment of Bone Mineral Density in Individuals With Hemifacial Microsomia: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2020; 58:1086-1093. [PMID: 33251829 DOI: 10.1177/1055665620975638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to utilize cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to compare the bone mineral density (BMD) on the affected versus nonaffected side, among individuals with hemifacial microsomia (HFM). METHODS This retrospective study included 9 patients with HFM. Pretreatment CBCT volumes were imported into Invivo5 software, which was used to measure BMD through Hounsfield units (HU) in 3 regions of the mandible; inferior to the lower lateral incisors, inferior to the first molar and at the ramus inferior to the sigmoid notch. Each region was measured at the buccal cortical bone, lingual cortical bone, and cancellous bone. The densities on the right and left sides were compared by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS Overall, the BMD on the affected side tended to show slightly lower values when compared with the nonaffected side. Differences ranged from 14 HU at the lingual cortical plate of the first molar region to 234 HU at the buccal cortical plate of the ramus region. Differences were only statistically significant at the ramus region for the buccal (P = .002) and lingual (P < .001) cortical plates and at the lower incisor region at the buccal cortical plate (P = .016) and cancellous bone (P = .044). The differences, however, did not seem to be clinically significant. CONCLUSIONS The current study shows that the quality of bone on the affected side may be slightly reduced but did not seem to be clinically significant. This should be accounted for during surgical and orthodontic planning for patients with HFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahma ElNaghy
- Craniofacial, Surgical and Special Care Orthodontics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rany Bous
- Craniofacial, Surgical and Special Care Orthodontics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Anand Kumar
- Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Pediatric Plastic Surgery, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Manish Valiathan
- Case Western Reserve University, School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Muir S, Laban J. A phantom for testing Cone Beam CTs. Phys Eng Sci Med 2020; 43:1433-1440. [PMID: 33196990 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-020-00944-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scanners are becoming more common for dental and maxillofacial/head scanning, but performing image quality tests on these systems is difficult. There are quality assurance (QA) phantoms commercially available but they can be expensive, bulky and not optimised for CBCT imaging limits. Smaller phantoms often lack features that are recommended for testing CBCT systems. A custom made phantom can provide more useful test objects in a more convenient size and at a lower cost. The proposed phantom is called the "Karu" Cone Beam CT Phantom and is constructed with a 3D printed poly lactic acid (PLA) shell, with 3D printed inserts for holding the test details in place. Tests included are geometric accuracy (in three dimensions), Hounsfield Unit (HU) accuracy, low contrast detectability, spatial resolution (using line pairs), and uniformity/artifacts/noise. The phantom was scanned on a number of scanners and was clearly able to differentiate scanners producing poorer quality images from better quality ones. The phantom could be produced for under NZ $2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Muir
- Medical Physicist, Medical Physics and Bioengineering Department, Christchurch Hospital, Private Bag, Christchurch, 4710, New Zealand.
| | - Johnny Laban
- Medical Physicist, Photon Physics Ltd., Christchurch, New Zealand
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Chennoju SK, Pachigolla R, Neelima V, Mrudula B, Swathi M. Standardization of a cone beam computed tomography machine in evaluating bone density: a novel approach. Minerva Dent Oral Sci 2020; 70:142-146. [PMID: 32744443 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6329.20.04347-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advent of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in dentistry has brought us to a new era of precise imaging. Radiographic evaluation of a CBCT image is more informational when compared to CT. The density measurements in CBCT images are based on greyscale values, which are more accurate in CT and these values are inconsistent across various CBCT machines. Hence, we aim at standardizing a single CBCT scanner to evaluate or determine tissue density from the greyscale values. METHODS A total of 8 halves of undamaged, dry goat mandibles are included in the study. Scans of the bone are obtained using the KODAK CBCT unit and the PHILLIPS CT machine respectively. Densities are evaluated at 96 points on both the CT scans and the CBCT scans, respectively, using the Radiant Dicom viewer. The obtained data is entered into the excel spreadsheet and subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS The greyscale values are obtained from each of the CBCT scans. Hounsfield units are calculated from CT images coinciding with the same points on CBCT scans. The collected data is subjected to linear regression analysis and an equation is derived to determine Hounsfield units (calculated HU units) from greyscale values of CBCT images. We found no significant difference between the mean original HU units and the mean calculated HU units, thus making the equation reliable for calculating HU units from CBCT greyscale values. CONCLUSIONS Our results conclude that the technique was effective in calculating the Original density of tissues using grey standards of CBCT scans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - V Neelima
- St. Joseph Dental College, Eluru, India
| | - B Mrudula
- St. Joseph Dental College, Eluru, India
| | - M Swathi
- St. Joseph Dental College, Eluru, India
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Quantitative analysis of metal artifact reduction using the auto-edge counting method in cone-beam computed tomography. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8872. [PMID: 32483222 PMCID: PMC7264136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65644-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithm is used in most CBCT unit to reduce artifact from various dental materials. The performance of MAR program of a CBCT unit according to the dental material type under different imaging mode was evaluated as introducing automatic quantification of the amount of artifact reduced. Four customized phantoms with different dental prostheses (amalgam, gold, porcelain-fused-metal, zirconia) underwent CBCT scanning with and without the MAR option. The imaging was performed under varied scanning conditions; 0.2 and 0.3 mm3 voxel sizes; 70 and 100 kVp. The amount of artifacts reduced by each prosthesis and scanning mode automatically counted using canny edge detection in MATLAB, and statistical analysis was performed. The overall artifact reduction ratio was ranged from 17.3% to 55.4%. The artifact caused by the gold crown was most effectively reduced compared to the other prostheses (p < 0.05, Welch’s ANOVA analysis). MAR showed higher performance in smaller voxel size mode for all prostheses (p < 0.05, independent t-test). Automatic quantification efficiently evaluated MAR performance in CBCT image. The impact of MAR was different according to the prostheses type and imaging mode, suggesting that thoughtful consideration is required when selecting the imaging mode of CBCT.
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Goyushov S, Dursun E, Tözüm TF. Mandibular cortical indices and their relation to gender and age in the cone-beam computed tomography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2020; 49:20190210. [PMID: 31714158 PMCID: PMC7068079 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20190210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to evaluate normal ranges of cortical bone Hounsfield units indices through cone beam CT images, and to investigate their relationships with age and sex. METHODS 700 adult human cone beam CT images were evaluated retrospectively, and divided into 4 age groups. Six different cortical bone Hounsfield unit measurements were applied bilaterally, where gender and age were recorded. Collected data were subjected to statistical analysis and ANOVA tests were used for various comparisons. RESULTS The cortical bone measurements between female and male patients were significantly different (p<0.05). Cortical bone thickness indices showed greater values in male patients compare to female patients (p<0.05). Quantitative mandibular indices were significantly lower in first age group (18-30 years) than other three older age groups (p<0.01). CONCLUSION The results of this study seems to propose a persistent alteration in the mandibular cortical bone with age and that this influced by sex. Further studies with larger patient groups are needed to clarify and understand these mandibular indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Goyushov
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erhan Dursun
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tolga Fikret Tözüm
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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2D/3D accuracies of implant position after guided surgery using different surgical protocols: A retrospective study. J Prosthodont Res 2020; 64:424-430. [PMID: 32063539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the 2D and 3D positional accuracy of four guided surgical protocols using an analysis of linear and angular deviations. METHODS DICOM and .STLs files obtained from a CBCT and a digital impression were superimposed with software to plan implant position. Fifty-six patients were subdivided into 4 groups: FGA group (template support [Ts]: teeth [T]; bed preparation [Bp]: fully guided [FG]; implant insertion [Ii]: 3D template [3Dt]; device [D]: manual adapter [MA], FGM group (Ts: T; Bp: FG; Ii: 3Dt; D: fully guided mounter [FGM]), PG group (Ts: T; Bp: FG; Ii: manual; D: none) and MS group (Ts: mucosa; Bp: FG; Ii: 3Dt; D: FGM). The position of 120 implants was assessed by superimposing the planned and final position recorded with a digital impression. RESULTS In FGA group, 3D deviations were 0.92 ± 0.52 mm at the implant head and 1.14 ± 0.54 mm at the apex, and the angular deviation (ang. dev.) was 2.45 ± 1.24°. In FGM group, were 0.911 ± 0.44 mm (head) and 1.11 ± 0.54 mm (apex), and the ang. dev. was 2.73 ± 1.96°. In PG group, were 0.95 ± 0.47 mm (head) and 1.17 ± 0.488 mm (apex), and the ang. dev. was 3.71 ± 1.67°. In MS group, were 1.15 ± 0.45 mm (head) and 1.42 ± 0.45 mm (apex), and the ang. dev. was 4.19 ± 2.62°. Ang. dev. of MS group was different from the other groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Guided surgery showed a sufficient accuracy.
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Candemil AP, Salmon B, Freitas DQ, Haiter-Neto F, Oliveira ML. Distribution of metal artifacts arising from the exomass in small field-of-view cone beam computed tomography scans. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2020; 130:116-125. [PMID: 32057753 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the distribution of metal artifacts from the exomass in small field-of-view (FOV) cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. STUDY DESIGN An image phantom was scanned by using 3 CBCT units. Metal objects were positioned in the exomass, and additional CBCT scans were obtained. Mean gray values were obtained from 16 homogeneous areas and the standard deviation was calculated to quantify gray level inhomogeneity according to distinct zones of the FOV: total area and outer, inner, right, left, and mid-zones. The discrepancy between each zone and the total area was calculated to compare different CBCT units. Mean gray, gray level inhomogeneity, and discrepancy values were separately assessed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Overall, the mean gray values were significantly lower in the inner zone, and the gray level inhomogeneity values were significantly higher in the inner and mid-zones irrespective of the presence of metal objects in the exomass. The 3 CBCT units presented significantly different discrepancy values in most conditions. CONCLUSIONS The distribution of metal artifacts from the exomass follows the inherent gray value dispersion of CBCT images, with greater inhomogeneity in the inner zone of the FOV. This is exacerbated when metal objects are in the exomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda P Candemil
- Division of Oral Radiology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba (São Paulo), Brazil.
| | - Benjamin Salmon
- Université de Paris, Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies EA2496 Lab, Montrouge, France; Dental Medicine Department, AP-HP, Bretonneau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Deborah Queiroz Freitas
- Division of Oral Radiology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba (São Paulo), Brazil
| | - Francisco Haiter-Neto
- Division of Oral Radiology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba (São Paulo), Brazil
| | - Matheus Lima Oliveira
- Division of Oral Radiology, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba (São Paulo), Brazil
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Turkyilmaz I, Tozum T. Enhancing primary implant stability by undersizing implant site preparation: A human cadaver study. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2020; 121:58-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kim HJ, Kim JE, Choo J, Min J, Chang S, Lee SC, Pyun WB, Seo KS, Karm MH, Koo KT, Rhyu IC, Myoung H, Heo MS. A clinical pilot study of jawbone mineral density measured by the newly developed dual-energy cone-beam computed tomography method compared to calibrated multislice computed tomography. Imaging Sci Dent 2019; 49:295-299. [PMID: 31915615 PMCID: PMC6941836 DOI: 10.5624/isd.2019.49.4.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This clinical pilot study was performed to determine the effectiveness of dual-energy cone-beam computed tomography (DE-CBCT) in measuring bone mineral density (BMD). Materials and Methods The BMD values obtained using DE-CBCT were compared to those obtained using calibrated multislice computed tomography (MSCT). After BMD calibration with specially designed phantoms, both DE-CBCT and MSCT scanning were performed in 15 adult dental patients. Three-dimensional (3D) Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine data were imported into a dental software program, and the defined regions of interest (ROIs) on the 3-dimensional surface-rendered images were identified. The automatically-measured BMD values of the ROIs (g/cm3), the differences in the measured BMD values of the matched ROIs obtained by DE-CBCT and MSCT 3D images, and the correlation between the BMD values obtained by the 2 devices were statistically analyzed. Results The mean BMD values of the ROIs for the 15 patients as assessed using DE-CBCT and MSCT were 1.09±0.07 g/cm3 and 1.13±0.08 g/cm3, respectively. The mean of the differences between the BMD values of the matched ROIs as assessed using DE-CBCT and calibrated MSCT images was 0.04±0.02 g/cm3. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the BMD values of DE-CBCT and MSCT images was 0.982 (r=0.982, P<0.001). Conclusion The newly developed DE-CBCT technique could be used to measure jaw BMD in dentistry and may soon replace MSCT, which is expensive and requires special facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jeong Kim
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Woong Beom Pyun
- Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang-Suk Seo
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myong-Hwan Karm
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Koo
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Chul Rhyu
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon Myoung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Suk Heo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
The digital workflow for computer-aided implant surgery includes a range of steps leading to generation of a prosthetically driven, 3-dimensional virtual plan, which is transitioned into the patient's mouth by the surgical guide and protocol. Guided implant surgery is believed to be accurate and reliable compared with free-handed implant surgery. However, deviation between implant virtual plan and implant real position may occur as a result of accumulated errors throughout the digital workflow. This article reviews the digital workflow of static computer-aided implant surgery. Factors that may affect the accuracy and clinical outcome of the guided surgery are also reviewed.
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Altay MA, Quereshy FA, Nijhawan SK, Teppa JF, Horan MP, Yıldırımyan N, Baur DA. Comparative assessment of 3D reconstruction technique and Cavalieri's principle in predicting the mandibular bone defect volumes. Eur Oral Res 2019; 52:105-110. [PMID: 30775711 DOI: 10.26650/eor.2018.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of the Cavalieri's principle and 3D reconstruction in predicting the volume of a bony defect. Materials and Methods Defects of the same approximate size were created on nine artificial mandibles. The actual volume of the defect on each mandible was measured by water displacement, and served as the control. Each mandible was then scanned using a CBCT and volume measurements were made for each defect using two techniques: Cavalieri's principle and 3D reconstruction. For each defect, the volume obtained by each of the two techniques was compared to the control volume using the analysis of variances (ANOVA) with p<0.05. Results ANOVA between the control, 3D reconstruction and Cavalieri's principle groups showed no statistically significant differences (p=.058). When the control group was further analyzed by Dunnett's post-hoc test, the results from Cavalieri's principle were found to be statistically different than the control group (p=.035), whereas the results of 3D reconstruction technique did not reach the level of significance (p=.523). Conclusion Cavalieri's principle significantly underestimates the actual control volume, and is less accurate than the 3D reconstruction technique. The 3D reconstruction method is a reliable technique in measuring volume of bony defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ali Altay
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Akdeniz University Faculty of Dentistry, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Faisal A Quereshy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sumit K Nijhawan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jose F Teppa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael P Horan
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Section at Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nelli Yıldırımyan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Akdeniz University Faculty of Dentistry, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Dale A Baur
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Vitral RW, Fraga MR, da Silva Campos MJ. The influence of variables on predicting growth patterns of adolescents with varying skeletal patterns. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019; 155:3. [PMID: 30591161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lakshmikantha HT, Ravichandran NK, Jeon M, Kim J, Park HS. Assessment of cortical bone microdamage following insertion of microimplants using optical coherence tomography: a preliminary study. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2018; 19:818-828. [PMID: 30387332 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1700612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study was done to evaluate the efficacy of optical coherence tomography (OCT), to detect and analyze the microdamage occurring around the microimplant immediately following its placement, and to compare the findings with micro-computed tomography (μCT) images of the samples to validate the result of the present study. METHODS Microimplants were inserted into bovine bone samples. Images of the samples were obtained using OCT and μCT. Visual comparisons of the images were made to evaluate whether anatomical details and microdamage induced by microimplant insertion were accurately revealed by OCT. RESULTS The surface of the cortical bone with its anatomical variations is visualized on the OCT images. Microdamage occurring on the surface of the cortical bone around the microimplant can be appreciated in OCT images. The resulting OCT images were compared with the μCT images. A high correlation regarding the visualization of individual microcracks was observed. The depth penetration of OCT is limited when compared to μCT. CONCLUSIONS OCT in the present study was able to generate high-resolution images of the microdamage occurring around the microimplant. Image quality at the surface of the cortical bone is above par when compared with μCT imaging, because of the inherent high contrast and high-resolution quality of OCT systems. Improvements in the imaging depth and development of intraoral sensors are vital for developing a real-time imaging system and integrating the system into orthodontic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naresh Kumar Ravichandran
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Mansik Jeon
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Jeehyun Kim
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Hyo-Sang Park
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
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Nicolielo LFP, Van Dessel J, van Lenthe GH, Lambrichts I, Jacobs R. Computer-based automatic classification of trabecular bone pattern can assist radiographic bone quality assessment at dental implant site. Br J Radiol 2018; 91:20180437. [PMID: 30175923 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20180437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate an automated classification method that determines the trabecular bone pattern at implant site based on three-dimensional bone morphometric parameters derived from CBCT images. METHODS: 25 human cadaver mandibles were scanned using CBCT clinical scanning protocol. Volumes-of-interest comprising only the trabecular bone of the posterior regions were selected and segmented for three-dimensional morphometric parameters calculation. Three experts rated all bone regions into one of the three trabecular pattern classes (sparse, intermediate and dense) to generate a reference classification. Morphometric parameters were used to automatically classify the trabecular pattern with linear discriminant analysis statistical model. The discriminatory power of each morphometric parameter for automatic classification was indicated and the accuracy compared to the reference classification. Repeated-measures analysis of variances were used to statistically compare morphometric indices between the three classes. Finally, the outcome of the automatic classification was evaluated against a subjective classification performed independently by four different observers. RESULTS: The overall correct classification was 83% for quantity-, 86% for structure-related parameters and 84% for the parameters combined. Cross-validation showed a 79% model prediction accuracy. Bone volume fraction (BV/TV) had the most discriminatory power in the automatic classification. Trabecular bone patterns could be distinguished based on most morphometric parameters, except for trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) and degree of anisotropy (DA). The interobserver agreement between the subjective observers was fair (0.25), while the test-retest agreement was moderate (0.46). In comparison with the reference standard, the overall agreement was moderate (0.44). CONCLUSION: Automatic classification performed better than subjective classification with a prediction model comprising structure- and quantity-related morphometric parameters. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: Computer-aided trabecular bone pattern assessment based on morphometric parameters could assist objectivity in clinical bone quality classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ferreira Pinheiro Nicolielo
- 1 Deparment Imaging & Pathology, OMFS-IMPATH research group, KU Leuven and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Jeroen Van Dessel
- 1 Deparment Imaging & Pathology, OMFS-IMPATH research group, KU Leuven and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - G Harry van Lenthe
- 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biomechanics Section , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- 3 Morphology Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University , Diepenbeek , Belgium
| | - Reinhilde Jacobs
- 1 Deparment Imaging & Pathology, OMFS-IMPATH research group, KU Leuven and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven , Belgium.,4 Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Huddinge , Sweden
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Bornstein MM, Horner K, Jacobs R. Use of cone beam computed tomography in implant dentistry: current concepts, indications and limitations for clinical practice and research. Periodontol 2000 2018; 73:51-72. [PMID: 28000270 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Diagnostic radiology is an essential component of treatment planning in the field of implant dentistry. This narrative review will present current concepts for the use of cone beam computed tomography imaging, before and after implant placement, in daily clinical practice and research. Guidelines for the selection of three-dimensional imaging will be discussed, and limitations will be highlighted. Current concepts of radiation dose optimization, including novel imaging modalities using low-dose protocols, will be presented. For preoperative cross-sectional imaging, data are still not available which demonstrate that cone beam computed tomography results in fewer intraoperative complications such as nerve damage or bleeding incidents, or that implants inserted using preoperative cone beam computed tomography data sets for planning purposes will exhibit higher survival or success rates. The use of cone beam computed tomography following the insertion of dental implants should be restricted to specific postoperative complications, such as damage of neurovascular structures or postoperative infections in relation to the maxillary sinus. Regarding peri-implantitis, the diagnosis and severity of the disease should be evaluated primarily based on clinical parameters and on radiological findings based on periapical radiographs (two dimensional). The use of cone beam computed tomography scans in clinical research might not yield any evident beneficial effect for the patient included. As many of the cone beam computed tomography scans performed for research have no direct therapeutic consequence, dose optimization measures should be implemented by using appropriate exposure parameters and by reducing the field of view to the actual region of interest.
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Klintström E, Klintström B, Pahr D, Brismar TB, Smedby Ö, Moreno R. Direct estimation of human trabecular bone stiffness using cone beam computed tomography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2018; 126:72-82. [PMID: 29735401 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of estimating the biomechanical properties of trabecular bone through finite element simulations by using dental cone beam computed tomography data. STUDY DESIGN Fourteen human radius specimens were scanned in 3 cone beam computed tomography devices: 3-D Accuitomo 80 (J. Morita MFG., Kyoto, Japan), NewTom 5 G (QR Verona, Verona, Italy), and Verity (Planmed, Helsinki, Finland). The imaging data were segmented by using 2 different methods. Stiffness (Young modulus), shear moduli, and the size and shape of the stiffness tensor were studied. Corresponding evaluations by using micro-CT were regarded as the reference standard. RESULTS The 3-D Accuitomo 80 (J. Morita MFG., Kyoto, Japan) showed good performance in estimating stiffness and shear moduli but was sensitive to the choice of segmentation method. NewTom 5 G (QR Verona, Verona, Italy) and Verity (Planmed, Helsinki, Finland) yielded good correlations, but they were not as strong as Accuitomo 80 (J. Morita MFG., Kyoto, Japan). The cone beam computed tomography devices overestimated both stiffness and shear compared with the micro-CT estimations. CONCLUSIONS Finite element-based calculations of biomechanics from cone beam computed tomography data are feasible, with strong correlations for the Accuitomo 80 scanner (J. Morita MFG., Kyoto, Japan) combined with an appropriate segmentation method. Such measurements might be useful for predicting implant survival by in vivo estimations of bone properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Klintström
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences and Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Benjamin Klintström
- School of Technology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Hälsovägen, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dieter Pahr
- Institute of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, Technical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Torkel B Brismar
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology at Karolinska Institute and Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Örjan Smedby
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Rodrigo Moreno
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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Shokri A, Ramezani L, Bidgoli M, Akbarzadeh M, Ghazikhanlu-Sani K, Fallahi-Sichani H. Effect of field-of-view size on gray values derived from cone-beam computed tomography compared with the Hounsfield unit values from multidetector computed tomography scans. Imaging Sci Dent 2018; 48:31-39. [PMID: 29581947 PMCID: PMC5863017 DOI: 10.5624/isd.2018.48.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the effect of field-of-view (FOV) size on the gray values derived from conebeam computed tomography (CBCT) compared with the Hounsfield unit values from multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scans as the gold standard. Materials and Methods A radiographic phantom was designed with 4 acrylic cylinders. One cylinder was filled with distilled water, and the other 3 were filled with 3 types of bone substitute: namely, Nanobone, Cenobone, and Cerabone. The phantom was scanned with 2 CBCT systems using 2 different FOV sizes, and 1 MDCT system was used as the gold standard. The mean gray values (MGVs) of each cylinder were calculated in each imaging protocol. Results In both CBCT systems, significant differences were noted in the MGVs of all materials between the 2 FOV sizes (P<.05) except for Cerabone in the Cranex3D system. Significant differences were found in the MGVs of each material compared with the others in both FOV sizes for each CBCT system. No significant difference was seen between the Cranex3D CBCT system and the MDCT system in the MGVs of bone substitutes on images obtained with a small FOV. Conclusion The size of the FOV significantly changed the MGVs of all bone substitutes, except for Cerabone in the Cranex3D system. Both CBCT systems had the ability to distinguish the 3 types of bone substitutes based on a comparison of their MGVs. The Cranex3D CBCT system used with a small FOV had a significant correlation with MDCT results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Shokri
- Dental Implant Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Leila Ramezani
- Dental Implant Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Bidgoli
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Akbarzadeh
- Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karim Ghazikhanlu-Sani
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Para Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hamed Fallahi-Sichani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Bastami F, Shahab S, Parsa A, Abbas FM, Noori Kooshki MH, Namdari M, Lisar HA, Rafiei T, Fahimipour F, Salehi M, Jafari M. Can gray values derived from CT and cone beam CT estimate new bone formation? An in vivo study. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 22:13-20. [PMID: 29086089 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-017-0657-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main aim of this study was to investigate whether Hounsfield unit derived from computed tomography (HU/CT) and gray value derived from cone beam computed tomography (GV/CBCT) can predict the amount of new bone formation (NBF) in the defects after bone reconstruction surgeries. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty calvaria defects created in 5 rabbits and grafted with both radiolucent (RL, n = 15) and radiopaque (RO, n = 15) bone substitute materials were evaluated, 8 weeks postoperatively. The defects were scanned by multislice computed tomography (Somatom®, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany) and CBCT (NewTom VG®, Qualitative Radiology, Verona, Italy). MSCT and CBCT scans were matched to select the exact region of interest (ROI, diameter = 5 mm and height = 1 mm). HU/CT and GV/CBCT of each ROI were obtained. Mean amount of NBF in whole of the defects was measured using serial histomorphometric assessment. We investigated the correlation between HU/CT and GV/CBCT, HU/CT and NBF, and GV/CBCT and NBF generally, and separately among the RL or RO grafted defects, by linear generalized estimating equation modeling. Receiver operation characteristic analysis was performed to check the accuracy of HU/CT and GV/CBCT in diagnosing more than 10% NBF in the samples. RESULTS There were linear correlations between HU/CT and GV/CBCT, HU/CT and NBF, and GV/CBCT and NBF. CONCLUSION According to the results, both HU/CT and GV/CBCT can be considered as fairly good predictors for assessment of the amount of NBF following bone reconstruction surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshid Bastami
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahriar Shahab
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Azin Parsa
- Department of Oral Radiology, Department of General and Specialized Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Fatemeh Mashhadi Abbas
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahshid Namdari
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Azimi Lisar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tohid Rafiei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Fahimipour
- Department of Developmental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Majid Salehi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maissa Jafari
- Department of Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Paglio AE, Bradley AP, Tubbs RS, Loukas M, Kozlowski PB, Dilandro AC, Sakamoto Y, Iwanaga J, Schmidt C, D'Antoni AV. Morphometric analysis of temporomandibular joint elements. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2018; 46:63-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Campos MJDS, Silva KS, Lupatini PM, Fraga MR, Vitral RWF. Tooth root and alveolar bone grey values derived from cone-beam CT imaging in maxillary incisor teeth with and without apical root resorption. J Orthod 2017; 45:23-28. [PMID: 29280412 DOI: 10.1080/14653125.2017.1417780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In orthodontic treatment, an increased bone mineral density of the alveolar bone is considered as a risk factor for apical root resorption (ARR), whereas the mineral density of cementum has been associated with root protection against resorption. METHODS This study aimed at evaluating the grey values (GVs) of the apical third of the root and of the alveolar bone adjacent to maxillary incisors with and without ARR in orthodontic patients. Twenty-one patients under treatment who presented one incisor with ARR and its corresponding contralateral without ARR were selected and submitted to cone-beam computed tomography. GVs were evaluated on the images obtained of four areas of the apical third of the root and of four areas of the adjacent alveolar bone. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The radicular tissue of the apical third of the incisors with ARR showed greater root GV (p < .05) than that of the incisors without ARR. Supra-apical alveolar bone exhibited greater GV in the incisors without ARR than incisors with ARR (p < .05). Root GV was not associated with root protection, but rather seemed to have facilitated the process of resorption. The GV of the lingual bone was associated with a higher progression of ARR in the incisors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karine Simões Silva
- a Department of Orthodontics , Juiz de Fora Federal University , Juiz de Fora , Brazil
| | - Paula Moraes Lupatini
- a Department of Orthodontics , Juiz de Fora Federal University , Juiz de Fora , Brazil
| | - Marcelo Reis Fraga
- a Department of Orthodontics , Juiz de Fora Federal University , Juiz de Fora , Brazil
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Aimetti M, Manavella V, Corano L, Ercoli E, Bignardi C, Romano F. Three-dimensional analysis of bone remodeling following ridge augmentation of compromised extraction sockets in periodontitis patients: A randomized controlled study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2017; 29:202-214. [PMID: 29148597 DOI: 10.1111/clr.13099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to analyze linear and volumetric hard tissue changes in severely resorbed alveolar sockets after ridge augmentation procedure and to compare them with spontaneous healing using three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty patients (mean age 53.2 ± 6.3 years) requiring tooth extraction for advanced periodontitis were randomly allocated to test and control groups. The test sites were grafted using a collagenated bovine-derived bone (DBBM-C) covered with a collagen membrane, while control sites had spontaneous healing. Both groups healed by secondary intention. Linear and volumetric measurements were taken on superimposed CBCT images obtained after tooth extraction and 12 months later. RESULTS Greater horizontal shrinkage, localized mainly in the crestal zone, was observed in the control group (4.92 ± 2.45 mm) compared to the test group (2.60 ± 1.24 mm). While both groups presented a rebuilding of the buccal wall, it was most pronounced in the grafted sockets (2.50 ± 2.12 mm vs. 0.51 ± 1.02 mm). A significant difference was also registered in the percentage of volume loss between grafted and non-grafted sites (9.14% vs. 35.16%, p-value <.0001). CONCLUSION Alveolar sockets with extensive buccal bone deficiencies undergo significant three-dimensional volumetric alterations following natural healing. The immediate application of a slow-resorbing xenograft with a covering collagen membrane seems to be effective in improving alveolar ridge shape and dimensions, thus potentially reducing the need for adjunctive regenerative procedures at the time of implant placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Aimetti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Manavella
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Elena Ercoli
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Bignardi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Romano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Alkhader M, Hudieb M, Khader Y. Predictability of bone density at posterior mandibular implant sites using cone-beam computed tomography intensity values. Eur J Dent 2017; 11:311-316. [PMID: 28932139 PMCID: PMC5594958 DOI: 10.4103/ejd.ejd_14_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the predictability of bone density at posterior mandibular implant sites using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) intensity values. Materials and Methods: CBCT cross-sectional images for 436 posterior mandibular implant sites were selected for the study. Using Invivo software (Anatomage, San Jose, California, USA), two observers classified the bone density into three categories: low, intermediate, and high, and CBCT intensity values were generated. Results: Based on the consensus of the two observers, 15.6% of sites were of low bone density, 47.9% were of intermediate density, and 36.5% were of high density. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis showed that CBCT intensity values had a high predictive power for predicting high density sites (area under the curve [AUC] =0.94, P < 0.005) and intermediate density sites (AUC = 0.81, P < 0.005). The best cut-off value for intensity to predict intermediate density sites was 218 (sensitivity = 0.77 and specificity = 0.76) and the best cut-off value for intensity to predict high density sites was 403 (sensitivity = 0.93 and specificity = 0.77). Conclusions: CBCT intensity values are considered useful for predicting bone density at posterior mandibular implant sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Alkhader
- Department of Oral Surgery and Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Malik Hudieb
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Yousef Khader
- Department of Community Medicine, Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Rabelo KA, Cavalcanti YW, de Oliveira Pinto MG, Sousa Melo SL, Campos PSF, de Andrade Freitas Oliveira LS, de Melo DP. Quantitative assessment of image artifacts from root filling materials on CBCT scans made using several exposure parameters. Imaging Sci Dent 2017; 47:189-197. [PMID: 28989902 PMCID: PMC5620464 DOI: 10.5624/isd.2017.47.3.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To quantify artifacts from different root filling materials in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images acquired using different exposure parameters. Materials and Methods Fifteen single-rooted teeth were scanned using 8 different exposure protocols with 3 different filling materials and once without filling material as a control group. Artifact quantification was performed by a trained observer who made measurements in the central axial slice of all acquired images in a fixed region of interest using ImageJ. Hyperdense artifacts, hypodense artifacts, and the remaining tooth area were identified, and the percentages of hyperdense and hypodense artifacts, remaining tooth area, and tooth area affected by the artifacts were calculated. Artifacts were analyzed qualitatively by 2 observers using the following scores: absence (0), moderate presence (1), and high presence (2) for hypodense halos, hypodense lines, and hyperdense lines. Two-way ANOVA and the post-hoc Tukey test were used for quantitative and qualitative artifact analysis. The Dunnet test was also used for qualitative analysis. The significance level was set at P<.05. Results There were no significant interactions among the exposure parameters in the quantitative or qualitative analysis. Significant differences were observed among the studied filling materials in all quantitative analyses. In the qualitative analyses, all materials differed from the control group in terms of hypodense and hyperdense lines (P<.05). Fiberglass posts did not differ statistically from the control group in terms of hypodense halos (P>.05). Conclusion Different exposure parameters did not affect the objective or subjective observations of artifacts in CBCT images; however, the filling materials used in endodontic restorations did affect both types of assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniela Pita de Melo
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, Brazil
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Haghanifar S, Yousefi S, Moudi E, Abesi F, Bijani A, Moghadamnia AA, Nabahati M. Accuracy of densitometry of two cone beam computed tomography equipment in comparison with computed tomography. Electron Physician 2017; 9:4384-4390. [PMID: 28713511 PMCID: PMC5498704 DOI: 10.19082/4384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of oral implants has been growing, and cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) has become the method of choice for oral and maxillofacial radiology. OBJECTIVE To assess the accuracy of bone densitometry in two different CBCT devices in comparison with MDCT (multi-detector CT). METHODS Different concentrations of urografin, including 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, were prepared, and the Hounsfield unit of these solution was measured by two CBCT devices (SORDEX CRANEX 3D and NEWTOM 5G) and one spiral CT device (SOMATOM SENSATION). Difference of output Hounsfield units in each concentration was compared in three devices. Correlation of devices with increase of urografin dose also was evaluated. Statistical analyses of the data were performed using SPSS18 and Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests, along with Spearman's correlation coefficient. RESULTS The range of gray density for NEWTOM 5G CBCT, SORDEX 3D CBCT, and SOMATOM CT imaging systems was from 781 to 2311, 427 to 1464, and 222 to 994, respectively. There was significant difference between devices in the Hounsfield unit in all urografin concentrations (p<0.001). Also there was a significant correlation between three devices with increasing the urografin dose (p<0.05; r>0.95). CONCLUSION Our findings indicated a high correlation and linear relationship between different studied imaging systems. Although utilizing CBCT in the assessment of bone density is useful according to its lower emitted dose and less cost, clinicians should be aware of the issue that the voxel value in CBCT is not as perfect as CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Haghanifar
- DDS., Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sajad Yousefi
- DDS., Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ehsan Moudi
- DDS., Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Farida Abesi
- DDS., Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Bijani
- MD., Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Moghadamnia
- Pharm. D., Ph.D. of Pharmacology, Professor, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Nabahati
- MD., Assistant Professor, Department of Radiology, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Queiroz PM, Santaella GM, da Paz TDJ, Freitas DQ. Evaluation of a metal artefact reduction tool on different positions of a metal object in the FOV. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2017; 46:20160366. [PMID: 27910700 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20160366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the action of a metal artefact reduction (MAR) tool when artefact-generator metal object is at different positions in the field of view (FOV). METHODS A cylindrical utility wax phantom, with a metal alloy sample inside, was made. The phantom was positioned centrally and peripherally in the FOV for image acquisition, with and without the MAR tool activation. The standard deviation values (image noise levels) from areas around the metal sample and the control area were obtained. The numbers were compared by Student's t-test (α = 0.05). RESULTS When the tool was activated, a significant difference of image noise was observed for central and peripheral positioning, for both control area (p = 0.0012) and metal area (p = 0.03), and a smaller level of noise was observed for images with phantoms in central positioning. A decrease in image noise with the tool activated was found only in phantoms with the metal object positioned centrally in the FOV. CONCLUSIONS For the MAR tool to be effective, the artefact-generator object needs to be in the central region of the FOV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyane M Queiroz
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Area of Oral Radiology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo M Santaella
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Area of Oral Radiology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais D J da Paz
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Area of Oral Radiology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Deborah Q Freitas
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Area of Oral Radiology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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de Oliveira MVL, Wenzel A, Campos PSF, Spin-Neto R. Quality assurance phantoms for cone beam computed tomography: a systematic literature review. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2017; 46:20160329. [PMID: 28045345 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20160329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To undertake a systematic review on quality assurance (QA) phantoms for CBCT imaging, including studies on the development and application of phantoms. METHODS The MEDLINE (PubMed) bibliographic database was searched until May 2016 for studies evaluating the development and use of phantoms in CBCT image QA. The search strategy was restricted to English language publications using the following combined terms: (Cone Beam CT) OR (Cone Beam Computed Tomography) OR (Cone-Beam Computed Tomography) OR (CBCT) AND (quality OR phantom). It was assessed which of the six image quality parameters stated by the European Commission could be evaluated with each phantom and which of them actually were. RESULTS The search strategy yielded 37 studies, which had developed and used (25 studies) or only used (12 studies) a phantom in CBCT image QA. According to the literature, in 7 phantoms, it is possible to evaluate 4 or more image quality parameters while in 11 phantoms, merely 1 parameter can be evaluated. Only two phantoms permit the evaluation of the six image quality parameters stated by the European Commission. The parameters, which can most often be evaluated using a phantom, are image density values, spatial resolution and geometric accuracy. The SEDENTEXCT phantom was used most frequently. In two studies, all quality parameters suggested by the European Commission were evaluated. CONCLUSIONS QA phantoms rarely allow all image quality parameters stated by the European Commission to be evaluated. Furthermore, alternative phantoms, which allow all image quality parameters to be evaluated in a single exposure, even for a small field of view, should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus V L de Oliveira
- 1 Department of Health Technology and Biology, Federal Institute of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,2 Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Interactive, Processes of Organs and Systems, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Ann Wenzel
- 3 Oral Radiology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Paulo S F Campos
- 2 Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Interactive, Processes of Organs and Systems, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Rubens Spin-Neto
- 3 Oral Radiology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Wada M, Tsuiki Y, Suganami T, Ikebe K, Sogo M, Okuno I, Maeda Y. The relationship between the bone characters obtained by CBCT and primary stability of the implants. Int J Implant Dent 2016; 1:3. [PMID: 27747625 PMCID: PMC4981004 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-014-0003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between the thickness of the cortical bone or the voxel values that are obtained by cone beam CT (CBCT) and the insertion torque values (ITVs) or the implant stability quotient (ISQ) values. METHODS A pig's ilium was used as the implant placement site. The implants used in this study were two kinds of diameters (3.8 mm, 5.0 mm) and two kinds of lengths (7.0 mm, 12.0 mm) having a general threadlike shape with a mechanically polished surface. To measure the bone density and the cortical thickness around the implants accurately, the CBCT scanning was performed immediately just after the formation of the implant cavity. The initial stabilities were evaluated by the ITVs and the ISQ values. The bone density and cortical thickness around the implants were measured by an implant simulation software (Landmarker ver. 5.0 with special specifications for this study). The relationships of the thickness of the cortical bone and the voxel values with the ITVs and the ISQ values were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. To evaluate the influence on the ITVs and the ISQ values among multiple factors, multiple regression analysis was performed. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS A significant positive correlation was found between the thickness of the cortical bone and the ITVs or the ISQ values in all kinds of implants. In addition, a significant positive correlation was also found between the voxel values and the ITVs. From the multiple regression analysis, the thickness of the cortical bone and the voxel values had a positive influence on the ITVs and the ISQ values. In addition, the length of the implant had a positive influence on the ISQ values at the 3.8-mm-diameter implant. CONCLUSIONS In this limited study, there were correlations between the thickness of the cortical bone or the voxel values obtained from the CBCT scanning and the implant stabilities. Besides, it was confirmed that the thickness of the cortical bone, the voxel value, and the implant length had positive correlations with the ITVs and the ISQ values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Wada
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yasutane Tsuiki
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tohru Suganami
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ikebe
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Motofumi Sogo
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ikuhisa Okuno
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Maeda
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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