1
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In vitro assessment of the biocompatibility of chemically treated silicone materials with human lens epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4649. [PMID: 35301374 PMCID: PMC8931081 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08443-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxicity testing is a regulatory requirement for safety testing of new ocular implants. In vitro toxicity tests determine whether toxic chemicals are present on a material surface or leach out of the material matrix. A method of evaluating the cytotoxicity of ocular implants was developed using fluorescent viability dyes. To assess the assay’s sensitivity in detecting toxic substances on biomaterials, zinc diethydithiocarbamate (ZDEC) and benzalkonium chloride (BAK) were deposited on silicone surfaces at different concentrations. Human lens epithelial cells (HLEC) were added to the surface of these treated silicone surfaces and were assessed for viability. The viability of both the adherent and non-adherent cells was determined using confocal microscopy with, annexin V, ethidium homodimer, and calcein. Cell metabolism was also evaluated using resazurin and the release of inflammatory cytokines was quantified using a multiplex Mesoscale Discovery platform. Confocal microscopy was shown to be a sensitive assay for evaluating material toxicity, as significant toxicity (p < 0.05) from ZDEC and BAK-treated surfaces compared to the untreated silicone control was detected. Patterns of cytokine release from cells varied depending on the toxin evaluated and the toxin concentration and did not directly correlate with the reduction in cell metabolic activity measured by alamarBlue.
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2
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Glas B, Bergendorff O, Lindström R. Foot eczema due to octylisothiazolinone in polyurethane boots. Contact Dermatitis 2021; 85:584-585. [PMID: 34050957 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Glas
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine/Dermatology and Venereology, Umeå University hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ola Bergendorff
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Richard Lindström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine/Dermatology and Venereology, Umeå University hospital, Umeå, Sweden
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3
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Chemical Methods for Detection of Allergens and Skin Exposure. Contact Dermatitis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36335-2_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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4
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Lopushinsky KM, Gill N, Shea WK, Elliott JF, Straube S, Dytoc MT. Making Glove Decision Less of a White Knuckling Experience: A Systematic Review and Inventory of Glove Accelerator Contents. J Cutan Med Surg 2020; 24:386-398. [DOI: 10.1177/1203475420919398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Accelerators in medical gloves are a common cause of allergic contact dermatitis among healthcare workers. Objective A systematic review of medical and nursing literature, patch testing reports, and chemical analyses of gloves was conducted to assess accelerator contents reported in the literature and to identify accelerator-free gloves. Methods A systematic literature search was performed in OVID Medline and OVID EMBASE. Hand-searching of reference lists of articles in the field and author input generated the remainder of articles assessed. Results We present an inventory of accelerator contents of gloves and accelerator-free glove options as reported in the literature as a clinical reference tool to assist allergen-free glove selection for individuals suffering from allergic contact dermatitis due to rubber accelerators. Limitations Pertinent limitations of our review include lack of predefined study exclusion criteria and screening of the studies identified in the search by 1 review author only. Conclusion The glove inventory we provide summarizes the available literature regarding medical and surgical glove accelerator content, describing gloves both by brand and manufacturer as well as by accelerators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn M. Lopushinsky
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Navjeet Gill
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Whitney K. Shea
- Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - John F. Elliott
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, University Dermatology Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sebastian Straube
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Marlene T. Dytoc
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, University Dermatology Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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5
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Chemical Methods for Detection of Allergens and Skin Exposure. Contact Dermatitis 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72451-5_27-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Herman A, Goossens A, Tennstedt D, Bergendorff O, Isaksson M, Mowitz M, Baeck M. The preservative 2‐(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole: A potential allergen in leather products. Contact Dermatitis 2019; 81:262-265. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.13295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Herman
- Department of DermatologyCliniques Universitaires Saint‐Luc Brussels Belgium
| | - An Goossens
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospitals KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Dominique Tennstedt
- Department of DermatologyCliniques Universitaires Saint‐Luc Brussels Belgium
| | - Ola Bergendorff
- Department of Occupational and Environmental DermatologyLund University, Skane University Hospital Malmö Sweden
| | - Marléne Isaksson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental DermatologyLund University, Skane University Hospital Malmö Sweden
| | - Martin Mowitz
- Department of Occupational and Environmental DermatologyLund University, Skane University Hospital Malmö Sweden
| | - Marie Baeck
- Department of DermatologyCliniques Universitaires Saint‐Luc Brussels Belgium
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7
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Lindberg T, Forreryd A, Bergendorff O, Lindstedt M, Zeller KS. In vitro assessment of mechanistic events induced by structurally related chemical rubber sensitizers. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 60:144-153. [PMID: 31082492 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is one of the most common forms of immunotoxicity, and increased understanding of how chemicals trigger these adverse reactions is needed in order to treat or design testing strategies to identify and subsequently avoid exposure to such substances. In this study, we investigated the cellular response induced by rubber chemicals in a dendritic cell (DC) model, focusing on the structurally similar chemicals diethylthiocarbamylbenzothiazole sulfide and dimethylthiocarbamylbenzothiazole sulfide, with regard to regulation of microRNA, and messenger RNA expression. Only a few miRNAs were found to be commonly regulated by both rubber chemicals, among them miR1973, while the overall miRNA expression profiles were diverse. Similarly, out of approximately 500 differentially regulated transcripts for each chemical, about 60% overlapped, while remaining were unique. The pathways predicted to be enriched in the cell model by stimulation with the rubber chemicals were linked to immunological events, relevant in the context of ACD. These results suggest that small structural differences can trigger specific activation of the immune system in response to chemicals. The here presented mechanistic data can be valuable in explaining the immunotoxicological events in DC activation after exposure to skin sensitizing chemicals, and can contribute to understanding, preventing and treating ACD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Lindberg
- Department of Immunotechnology, Medicon Village (406), 22381 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Andy Forreryd
- Department of Immunotechnology, Medicon Village (406), 22381 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Ola Bergendorff
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Malin Lindstedt
- Department of Immunotechnology, Medicon Village (406), 22381 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Kathrin S Zeller
- Department of Immunotechnology, Medicon Village (406), 22381 Lund, Sweden.
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8
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Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Shin Pads in a Hockey Player: Acetophenone Is an Emerging Allergen. Dermatitis 2019; 30:162-163. [DOI: 10.1097/der.0000000000000444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Oosterhaven JAF, Uter W, Aberer W, Armario-Hita JC, Ballmer-Weber BK, Bauer A, Czarnecka-Operacz M, Elsner P, García-Gavín J, Giménez-Arnau AM, John SM, Kręcisz B, Mahler V, Rustemeyer T, Sadowska-Przytocka A, Sánchez-Pérez J, Simon D, Valiukevičienė S, Weisshaar E, Schuttelaar MLA. European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies (ESSCA): Contact allergies in relation to body sites in patients with allergic contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2019; 80:263-272. [PMID: 30520058 PMCID: PMC6590142 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Analyses of the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies (ESSCA) database have focused primarily on the prevalence of contact allergies to the European baseline series, both overall and in subgroups of patients. However, affected body sites have hitherto not been addressed. Objective To determine the prevalence of contact allergies for distinct body sites in patients with allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Methods Analysis of data collected by the ESSCA (www.essca‐dc.org) in consecutively patch tested patients, from 2009 to 2014, in eight European countries was performed. Cases were selected on the basis of the presence of minimally one positive patch test reaction to the baseline series, and a final diagnosis of ACD attributed to only one body site. Results Six thousand two hundred and fifty‐five cases were analysed. The head and hand were the most common single sites that ACD was attributed to. Differences between countries were seen for several body sites. Nickel, fragrance mix I, cobalt and methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone were the most frequent allergens reported for various body sites. Conclusions Distinct allergen patterns per body site were observed. However, contact allergies were probably not always relevant for the dermatitis that patients presented with. The possibility of linking positive patch test reactions to relevance, along with affected body sites, should be a useful addition to patch test documentation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jart A F Oosterhaven
- Department of Dermatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Uter
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen/Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Werner Aberer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - José C Armario-Hita
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Puerto Real, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Barbara K Ballmer-Weber
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich and Clinic of Dermatology and Allergology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Bauer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University Allergy Centre, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Peter Elsner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Juan García-Gavín
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Complex, Faculty of Medicine, A Coruña, Santiago de Compostela; also: Dermatological Office, Vigo, Spain
| | - Ana M Giménez-Arnau
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, IMIM Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Swen M John
- Department of Dermatology and Environmental Medicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatologic Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm), Lower Saxony Institute for Occupational Dermatology (NIB), University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Beata Kręcisz
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, The Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Vera Mahler
- Department of Dermatology, University of Erlangen/Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bavaria.,Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Thomas Rustemeyer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Dagmar Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Skaidra Valiukevičienė
- Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Elke Weisshaar
- Department of Clinical Social Medicine, Environmental and Occupational Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marie L A Schuttelaar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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10
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Chemical Methods for Detection of Allergens and Skin Exposure. Contact Dermatitis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72451-5_27-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Hamnerius N, Svedman C, Bergendorff O, Björk J, Bruze M, Engfeldt M, Pontén A. Hand eczema and occupational contact allergies in healthcare workers with a focus on rubber additives. Contact Dermatitis 2018; 79:149-156. [PMID: 29923205 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hand eczema (HE) in healthcare workers (HCWs) is common. Besides wet work, healthcare work also implies exposure to contact allergens. OBJECTIVES To assess HE and contact allergy related to occupational exposures in HCWs. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, 311 HCWs with HE within the preceding 12 months and a control group of 114 HCWs without HE were investigated with the baseline series and a special patch test series based on substances found in the gloves, soaps, alcoholic hand disinfectants and hand creams provided at the hospitals. RESULTS Contact allergy to rubber additives was significantly more common in HCWs with HE (6%) than in HCWs without HE (1%, P = .02). The corresponding percentages for fragrances were 11% and 3%, respectively (P = .004). Occupational HE was found in 193 of 311 (62%) HCWs. Of these, 22 of 193 (11%) had occupational allergic contact dermatitis, including 17 with glove-related rubber contact allergy. Contact allergy to diphenylguanidine was as common as contact allergy to thiurams. Occupational contact allergy to rubber additives was significantly associated with sick-leave related to HE. CONCLUSION Contact allergy to rubber additives in medical gloves is the most common cause of occupational allergic contact dermatitis in HCWs. Aimed patch testing with relevant rubber additives is mandatory when HE in HCWs is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Hamnerius
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Svedman
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ola Bergendorff
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jonas Björk
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Clinical Studies Sweden, Forum South, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Bruze
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Malin Engfeldt
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ann Pontén
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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12
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Hald M, Bergendorff O, Isaksson M, Johansen JD. Allergic contact dermatitis caused by plastic items containing the ultraviolet absorber drometrizole. Contact Dermatitis 2018; 79:110-112. [PMID: 29761506 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Hald
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Ola Bergendorff
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marléne Isaksson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jeanne D Johansen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, National Allergy Research Centre, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
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Hulstaert E, Bergendorff O, Persson C, Goossens A, Gilissen L, Engfeldt M, Bruze M, Schuttelaar ML, Meijer JM, Lapeere H. Contact dermatitis caused by a new rubber compound detected in canvas shoes. Contact Dermatitis 2017; 78:12-17. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hulstaert
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Gent; 9000, Ghent Belgium
| | - Ola Bergendorff
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; 205 02, Malmö Sweden
| | - Christina Persson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; 205 02, Malmö Sweden
| | - An Goossens
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital KU Leuven; 3000, Leuven Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Gilissen
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital KU Leuven; 3000, Leuven Belgium
| | - Malin Engfeldt
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; 205 02, Malmö Sweden
| | - Magnus Bruze
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; 205 02, Malmö Sweden
| | - Marie L. Schuttelaar
- Department of Dermatology; University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen; 9700 RB, Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Joost M. Meijer
- Department of Dermatology; University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen; 9700 RB, Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Hilde Lapeere
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Gent; 9000, Ghent Belgium
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Aalto-Korte K, Pesonen M. Patterns of simultaneous patch test reactions to thiurams and dithiocarbamates in 164 patients. Contact Dermatitis 2016; 75:353-357. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina Aalto-Korte
- Occupational Medicine; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH); 00250 Helsinki Finland
| | - Maria Pesonen
- Occupational Medicine; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH); 00250 Helsinki Finland
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16
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Raison-Peyron N, Bergendorff O, Bourrain JL, Bruze M. Acetophenone azine: a new allergen responsible for severe contact dermatitis from shin pads. Contact Dermatitis 2016; 75:106-10. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Raison-Peyron
- Dermatology Department, Allergology Unit; Hôpital Saint Eloi - CHU Montpellier; 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Ola Bergendorff
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; 20502 Malmö Sweden
| | - Jean Luc Bourrain
- Dermatology Department, Allergology Unit; Hôpital Saint Eloi - CHU Montpellier; 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Magnus Bruze
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital, Lund University; 20502 Malmö Sweden
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17
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Hansson C, Pontén A, Svedman C, Bergendorff O. Reaction profile in patch testing with allergens formed during vulcanization of rubber. Contact Dermatitis 2014; 70:300-8. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christer Hansson
- Department of Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital; SE-221 85 Lund Sweden
| | - Ann Pontén
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital; SE-205 02 Malmö Sweden
| | - Cecilia Svedman
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital; SE-205 02 Malmö Sweden
| | - Ola Bergendorff
- Department of Dermatology; Skåne University Hospital; SE-221 85 Lund Sweden
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18
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Pontén A, Hamnerius N, Bruze M, Hansson C, Persson C, Svedman C, Thörneby Andersson K, Bergendorff O. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by sterile non-latex protective gloves: clinical investigation and chemical analyses. Contact Dermatitis 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Norwood DL, Jenke D, Manolescu C, Pennino S, Grinberg N. HPLC and LC/MS Analysis of Pharmaceutical Container Closure System Leachables and Extractables. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070902959497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Norwood
- a Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Dennis Jenke
- b Baxter Healthcare Corporation , Round Lake, Illinois, USA
| | - Cristina Manolescu
- a Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Scott Pennino
- a Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nelu Grinberg
- a Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
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Warshaw EM, Schram SE, Maibach HI, Belsito DV, Marks JG, Fowler JF, Rietschel RL, Taylor JS, Mathias TC, DeLeo VA, Zug KA, Sasseville D, Storrs FJ, Pratt MD. Occupation-Related Contact Dermatitis in North American Health Care Workers Referred for Patch Testing: Cross-Sectional Data, 1998 to 2004. Dermatitis 2008. [DOI: 10.2310/6620.2008.07059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Chipinda I, Hettick JM, Simoyi RH, Siegel PD. Zinc diethyldithiocarbamate allergenicity: potential haptenation mechanisms. Contact Dermatitis 2008; 59:79-89. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2008.01399.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Scheman A, Jacob S, Zirwas M, Warshaw E, Nedorost S, Katta R, Cook J, Castanedo-Tardan MP. Contact Allergy: Alternatives for the 2007 North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG) Standard Screening Tray. Dis Mon 2008; 54:7-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2007.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Bergendorff O, Persson C, Lüdtke A, Hansson C. Chemical changes in rubber allergens during vulcanization. Contact Dermatitis 2007; 57:152-7. [PMID: 17680862 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2007.01194.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis to rubber is caused by residues of chemicals used in manufacturing a rubber product. Several different additives are used to achieve a final product of the desired characteristics. Accelerators such as thiurams, dithiocarbamates, and mercaptobenzothiazoles are often among the additives responsible for allergic reactions recognized by dermatologists. The chemistry of the vulcanization process is complicated; as it occurs at an elevated temperature with a mixture of reactive chemicals, the compositions of the initial and final products differ. This paper investigates the changes in composition of common allergens during vulcanization, doing so by chemically analysing various rubber formulations at different stages of the process. Major changes were found in which added chemicals were consumed and new ones produced. An important observation is that thiuram disulfides rarely appear in the final rubber although they may have been used as additives. Instead, thiurams are often converted to dithiocarbamates or to products formed by addition to mercaptobenzothiazole structures, if these have been used together with thiurams as accelerators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Bergendorff
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden.
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