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Symanzik C, Weinert P, Babić Ž, Hallmann S, Havmose MS, Johansen JD, Kezic S, Macan M, Macan J, Strahwald J, Turk R, van der Molen HF, John SM, Uter W. Skin Toxicity of Selected Hair Cosmetic Ingredients: A Review Focusing on Hairdressers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:7588. [PMID: 35805241 PMCID: PMC9265752 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The safety assessment of cosmetics considers the exposure of a 'common consumer', not the occupational exposure of hairdressers. This review aims to compile and appraise evidence regarding the skin toxicity of cysteamine hydrochloride (cysteamine HCl; CAS no. 156-57-0), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP; CAS no. 9003-39-8), PVP copolymers (CAS no. 28211-18-9), sodium laureth sulfate (SLES; CAS no. 9004-82-4), cocamide diethanolamine (cocamide DEA; CAS no. 68603-42-9), and cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB; CAS no. 61789-40-0). A total of 298 articles were identified, of which 70 were included. Meta-analysis revealed that hairdressers have a 1.7-fold increased risk of developing a contact allergy to CAPB compared to controls who are not hairdressers. Hairdressers might have a higher risk of acquiring quantum sensitization against cysteamine HCl compared to a consumer because of their job responsibilities. Regarding cocamide DEA, the irritant potential of this surfactant should not be overlooked. Original articles for PVP, PVP copolymers, and SLES are lacking. This systematic review indicates that the current standards do not effectively address the occupational risks associated with hairdressers' usage of hair cosmetics. The considerable irritant and/or allergenic potential of substances used in hair cosmetics should prompt a reassessment of current risk assessment practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Symanzik
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) and Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Osnabrück University, 49076 Osnabrueck, Germany; (P.W.); (S.M.J.)
| | - Patricia Weinert
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) and Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Osnabrück University, 49076 Osnabrueck, Germany; (P.W.); (S.M.J.)
| | - Željka Babić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, HR 10001 Zagreb, Croatia; (Ž.B.); (M.M.); (J.M.); (R.T.)
| | - Sarah Hallmann
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.H.); (J.S.); (W.U.)
| | - Martin Stibius Havmose
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Skin and Allergy, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospital, 2900 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.S.H.); (J.D.J.)
| | - Jeanne Duus Johansen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Skin and Allergy, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospital, 2900 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.S.H.); (J.D.J.)
| | - Sanja Kezic
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.K.); (H.F.v.d.M.)
| | - Marija Macan
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, HR 10001 Zagreb, Croatia; (Ž.B.); (M.M.); (J.M.); (R.T.)
| | - Jelena Macan
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, HR 10001 Zagreb, Croatia; (Ž.B.); (M.M.); (J.M.); (R.T.)
| | - Julia Strahwald
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.H.); (J.S.); (W.U.)
| | - Rajka Turk
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, HR 10001 Zagreb, Croatia; (Ž.B.); (M.M.); (J.M.); (R.T.)
| | - Henk F. van der Molen
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.K.); (H.F.v.d.M.)
| | - Swen Malte John
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) and Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Osnabrück University, 49076 Osnabrueck, Germany; (P.W.); (S.M.J.)
| | - Wolfgang Uter
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.H.); (J.S.); (W.U.)
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Brans R, Uter W, John SM, Hougaard Foss-Skiftesvik M. Occupational Contact Dermatitis: Hairdressers. Contact Dermatitis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36335-2_76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kim Y, Na DH. Simultaneous Determination of Cysteamine and Cystamine in Cosmetics by Ion-Pairing Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Toxicol Res 2019; 35:161-165. [PMID: 31015898 PMCID: PMC6467353 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2019.35.2.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteamine has been used in cosmetics as an antioxidant, a hair straightening agent, and a hair waving agent. However, recent studies indicate that cysteamine can act as an allergen to hairdressers. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a simple and effective reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the measurement of cysteamine and its dimer, cystamine. Sodium 1-heptanesulfonate (NaHpSO) was used as an ion-pairing agent to improve chromatographic performance. Separation was performed on a Gemini C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size) using a mobile phase composed of 85:15 (v/v) 4 mM NaHpSO in 0.1% phosphoric acid:acetonitrile. UV absorbance was monitored at 215 nm. The RP-HPLC method developed in this study was validated for specificity, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, precision, accuracy, and recovery. Cysteamine and cystamine were chromatographically resolved from other reducing agents such as thioglycolic acid and cysteine. Extraction using water and chloroform resulted in the recovery for cysteamine and cystamine ranging from 100.2-102.7% and 90.6-98.7%, respectively. This validated RP-HPLC method would be useful for quality control and monitoring of cysteamine and cystamine in cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hee Na
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
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Brans R, Uter W, John SM, Hougaard Foss-Skiftesvik M. Occupational Contact Dermatitis: Hairdressers. Contact Dermatitis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72451-5_76-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nishioka K, Koizumi A, Takita Y. Allergic contact dermatitis caused by cysteamine hydrochloride in permanent wave agent—A new allergen for hairdressers in Japan. Contact Dermatitis 2018; 80:174-175. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Uter W, Bensefa-Colas L, Frosch P, Giménez-Arnau A, John SM, Lepoittevin JP, Lidén C, White IR, Duus Johansen J. Patch testing with hair cosmetic series in Europe: a critical review and recommendation. Contact Dermatitis 2015; 73:69-81. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Uter
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology; Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg; D-91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Lynda Bensefa-Colas
- Occupational Diseases Department; University Hospital of Centre of Paris COCHIN, AP-HP; 75014 Paris France
- Laboratoire Santé Publique et Environnement, EA 4064; Paris Descartes University; Sorbonne Paris Cité 75014 Paris France
| | - Peter Frosch
- Department of Dermatology; University of Witten/Herdecke and Klinikum Dortmund (formerly); 44137 Dortmund Germany
| | - Ana Giménez-Arnau
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar; Institut Mar d'Ínvestigacions Mediques Universitat Autònoma; 08003 Barcelona Spain
| | - Swen M. John
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory; University of Osnabrueck; 49076 Osnabrueck Germany
| | | | - Carola Lidén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet; SE-17177 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Ian R. White
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas' Hospital; London SE1 7EH UK
| | - Jeanne Duus Johansen
- Department of Dermato-Allergology, National Allergy Research Centre, Gentofte Hospital; University of Copenhagen; 2900 Hellerup Denmark
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