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Chan CX, Hamann CR. Nickel release from hairdressing tools in the United States. Contact Dermatitis 2023; 89:480-483. [PMID: 37667843 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hairdressers have a high prevalence of contact dermatitis, especially to nickel. The presence of nickel in hairdressing tools has been evaluated in the European Union, where the government limits nickel release levels from objects. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to qualitatively investigate nickel release in hairdresser tools in both rural and urban United States, a country without nickel release legislation. METHODS Hairdressers and individuals with hairdressing tools were invited to participate. Metallic parts of each tool were tested with dimethylglyoxime (DMG), which detects nickel release. Data on tool cost were recorded. RESULTS A total of 89 tools from 9 salons and 2 over-the-counter sets were tested. Twenty-four (27%) tested positive: trimmers (100%), curling irons (100%), clippers (50%), hair clips (36%), texturizing shears (26%), and trimming shears (4%). Nickel was detected in both salon and over-the-counter tools, and rural and urban salons. Nickel-releasing tools were cheaper than DMG-negative tools of the same type. CONCLUSIONS Our findings help explain the high prevalence of contact dermatitis among hairdressers, alert clinicians to consider occult occupational nickel when assessing patients with allergic contact dermatitis, reinforces the importance of using barrier protection including gloves when handling hairdressing tools including at home, and augments impetus for more legislation regulating common allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia X Chan
- Division of Dermatology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Carsten R Hamann
- Department of Dermatology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Contact Dermatitis Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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2
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Uter W, Strahwald J, Hallmann S, Johansen JD, Havmose MS, Kezic S, van der Molen HF, Macan J, Babić Ž, Franić Z, Macan M, Turk R, Symanzik C, Weinert P, John SM. Systematic review on skin adverse effects of important hazardous hair cosmetic ingredients with a focus on hairdressers. Contact Dermatitis 2023; 88:93-108. [PMID: 36254351 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of occupational hand eczema in hairdressers is high, and (partly strong) allergens abound in the hair cosmetic products they use. OBJECTIVES To systematically review published evidence concerning contact allergy to an indicative list of active ingredients of hair cosmetics, namely, p-phenylenediamine (PPD), toluene-2,5-diamine (PTD), persulfates, mostly ammonium persulfate (APS), glyceryl thioglycolate (GMTG), and ammonium thioglycolate (ATG), concerning the prevalence of sensitization, particularly in terms of a comparison (relative risk; RR) between hairdressers and non-hairdressers. METHODS Following a PROSPERO-registered and published protocol, eligible literature published from 2000 to February 2021 was identified, yielding 322 publications, and extracted in standardized publication record forms, also considering risk of bias. RESULTS Based on 141 publications, the contact allergy prevalence to PPD was 4.3% (95% CI: 3.8-4.9%) in consecutively patch tested patients. Other ingredients were mostly tested in an aimed fashion, yielding variable, and partly high contact allergy prevalences. Where possible, the RR was calculated, yielding an average increased sensitization risk in hairdressers of between 5.4 (PPD) and 3.4 (ATG). Additional evidence related to immediate-type hypersensitivity, experimental results, exposures, and information from case reports was qualitatively synthesized. CONCLUSIONS An excess risk of contact allergy is clearly evident from the pooled published evidence from the last 20 years. This should prompt an improvement in working conditions and product safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Uter
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen/Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Strahwald
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen/Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sarah Hallmann
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen/Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jeanne D Johansen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Skin and Allergy, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin S Havmose
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Skin and Allergy, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sanja Kezic
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk F van der Molen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jelena Macan
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željka Babić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Franić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Macan
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rajka Turk
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Cara Symanzik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Patricia Weinert
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Swen M John
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
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3
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Johnson W, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Heldreth B. Amended Safety Assessment of Persulfates as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2022; 41:5-21. [PMID: 36165404 DOI: 10.1177/10915818221124299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) reassessed the safety of 3 persulfate ingredients, which function as oxidizing agents in cosmetic products. The Panel reviewed relevant data relating to the safety of these ingredients and concluded that Ammonium, Potassium, and Sodium Persulfate are safe as used as oxidizing agents in hair colorants and hair lighteners designed for brief discontinuous use followed by thorough rinsing from the hair and skin. The Panel also concluded that the available data are insufficient for determining the safety of these persulfates in leave-on products and dentifrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilbur Johnson
- Former Cosmetic Ingredient Review Senior Scientific Analyst/Writer
| | | | | | - Ronald A Hill
- Former Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member
| | | | | | - James G Marks
- Former Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member
| | - Ronald C Shank
- Former Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member
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4
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Occupational Dermatitis Treated with Alitretinoin. ALLERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/allergies2030007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Occupational allergic contact dermatitis is an occupational skin condition which is characterized by a delayed cell-mediated hypersensitivity reaction triggered by one or more work-related substances. In this article, we describe a hairdresser who presented with occupational allergic contact dermatitis and was treated with alitretinoin. It is important to emphasize the value of early diagnosis and treatment of occupational contact dermatitis as this allows us to tackle the physical, psychosocial and cost-related burdens that this disorder brings.
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Warshaw EM, Ruggiero JL, DeKoven JG, Pratt MD, Silverberg JI, Maibach HI, Zug KA, Atwater AR, Taylor JS, Reeder MJ, Sasseville D, Fowler JF, Fransway AF, Belsito DV, DeLeo VA, Houle MC, Dunnick CA. Patch Testing with Ammonium Persulfate: The North American Contact Dermatitis Group Experience, 2015-2018. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021; 87:1014-1023. [PMID: 34390784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ammonium persulfate (APS), an oxidizing agent used in hair products, manufacturing, and pool/spa water, can cause skin reactions including allergic contact dermatitis. OBJECTIVE To characterize positive patch test reactions to APS (2.5% pet). METHODS Retrospective analysis of patients tested to the North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG) screening series from 2015-2018. RESULTS Of 10,526 patients, 193 (1.8%) had positive patch test reactions to APS. Compared to negative patients, APS-positive patients were significantly more likely to be male (43.2% vs. 28.0%, p<0.0001), have primary hand (30.2% vs. 22.0%, p=0.0064), scattered generalized (25.5% vs. 17.9%, p=0.0064), or trunk dermatitis (8.9% vs. 4.9%, p=0.0123), and occupationally-related dermatitis (22.2% vs. 10.9%, p<0.0001). Over half of the APS-positive reactions were currently relevant (57.0%); 19 (9.8%) were related to occupation, especially (68.4%) hairdressers. Swimming pools/spas (23.3%) and hair care products (19.2%) were the most common APS sources. LIMITATIONS Immediate reactions and follow-up testing not captured. CONCLUSIONS The proportion of patients positive to APS was 1.8%. APS positivity was significantly associated with male sex and hand dermatitis. Swimming pool/spa chemicals are important sources of APS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Warshaw
- Department of Dermatology, Park Nicollet Health Services, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Dermatology, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center
| | - Jenna L Ruggiero
- Department of Dermatology, Park Nicollet Health Services, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Dermatology, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center; University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN.
| | - Joel G DeKoven
- Division of Dermatology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melanie D Pratt
- Division of Dermatology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan I Silverberg
- Department of Dermatology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Howard I Maibach
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco
| | - Kathryn A Zug
- Department of Dermatology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
| | - Amber R Atwater
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | | | - Margo J Reeder
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Denis Sasseville
- Division of Dermatology, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Donald V Belsito
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical School, New York, NY
| | - Vincent A DeLeo
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Marie-Claude Houle
- Division of Dermatology, CHU de Quebec, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cory A Dunnick
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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Özkaya E, Elinç Aslan MS. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis: A 24-year, retrospective cohort study from Turkey. Contact Dermatitis 2021; 85:503-513. [PMID: 34263479 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited data exist on occupational allergic contact dermatitis (OACD) in Turkey. OBJECTIVES To investigate the epidemiologic profile of OACD in Turkey. METHODS A retrospective cohort study on 294 patients with OACD among 2801 consecutively patch-tested patients in the Allergy Unit of the Dermatology Department of İstanbul Faculty of Medicine between 1996 and 2019. RESULTS The overall prevalence of OACD was 10.5%, showing a male predominance. OACD was most frequently seen in construction workers (45.2%), followed by hairdressers, metalworkers, health care workers, and miscellaneous. The main relevant allergens were chromium in cement, thiurams in rubber gloves, hairdressing chemicals, resins/glues/plastics, metals, isothiazolinones, and fragrances. Hands were the mainly involved site (95.6%). Airborne eczema was observed in 21.4%. Hand and foot eczema and co-sensitizations to chrome and thiuram and chrome and cobalt were significantly associated with being a construction worker. Sensitizations to isothiazolinones in house painters, ammonium persulfate and p-phenylenediamine in hairdressers, and colophonium increased after 2010. CONCLUSION This was the largest group of data on OACD from Turkey, reflecting the importance of rubber glove allergy in all occupations and the striking increase in ammonium persulfate allergy among hairdressers. Chrome and cobalt were still the main cement allergens in Turkey, where the cement directive is not yet in force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esen Özkaya
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Meryem Sevinç Elinç Aslan
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey.,Department of Dermatology, Saltat Klinik, İstanbul, Turkey
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7
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Valdés-Morales KL, Alonzo-Romero L. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from ammonium persulfate in a hairdresser. Contact Dermatitis 2021; 85:362-364. [PMID: 33797126 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karla L Valdés-Morales
- Contact Dermatitis Department, Centro Dermatológico "Dr. Ladislao de la Pascua", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Alonzo-Romero
- Contact Dermatitis Department, Centro Dermatológico "Dr. Ladislao de la Pascua", Mexico City, Mexico
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8
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The Effect of Atopy in the Prevalence of Contact Sensitization: The Experience of a Greek Referral Center. Dermatol Res Pract 2020; 2020:3946084. [PMID: 33133180 PMCID: PMC7568788 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3946084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Contact dermatitis is a well-known skin condition, which is related to stimuli and environmental exposure to chemicals, affecting all ages as well as both genders. In the present work, we attempt to investigate the patterns of contact sensitization, with respect to the personal history of atopy (AT), in Greece in a large number of allergens, using patch testing. The retrospective analysis included clinical routine data of 1978 patients collected from 2014 to 2016 in the Laboratory of Patch Testing, National Referral Centre of Occupational Dermatoses. Sensitization, in all cases, was tested with 28 allergens of the European baseline series as adjusted to our local circumstances and clinical experience. A total population of 1978 patients was evaluated, with a male-to-female ratio of 0.45 (1359 females/619 males). From our patient cohort, 693 (35%) patients were evaluated with a history of atopy, while 1285 (65%) were nonatopic. The five most prevalent allergens in the total population without AT were nickel sulphate 5% (15.47%), fragrance mix (I) 8% (9.10%), balsam of Peru (6.47%), cobalt chloride 1% (4.70%), and thiomersal 0.1% (4.10%). Respectively, in the total population with AT, the five most prevalent allergens were nickel sulphate 5% (10.36%), fragrance mix (I) 8% (5.11%), balsam of Peru (3.29%), thiomersal 0.1% (3.03%), and cobalt chloride 1% (2.78%). Contact dermatitis surveillance is of great importance towards the clinical and systematic understanding of the disease. Further studies should be directed towards that end, in order to facilitate more effective health policies.
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9
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Piapan L, Mauro M, Martinuzzo C, Larese Filon F. Characteristics and incidence of contact dermatitis among hairdressers in north‐eastern Italy. Contact Dermatitis 2020; 83:458-465. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.13687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Piapan
- Clinical Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences University of Trieste Trieste Italy
| | - Marcella Mauro
- Clinical Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences University of Trieste Trieste Italy
| | - Chiara Martinuzzo
- Clinical Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences University of Trieste Trieste Italy
| | - Francesca Larese Filon
- Clinical Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences University of Trieste Trieste Italy
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10
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Havmose M, Thyssen JP, Zachariae C, Johansen JD. Use of protective gloves by hairdressers: A review of efficacy and potential adverse effects. Contact Dermatitis 2020; 83:75-82. [PMID: 32311093 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Occupational hand eczema is common among hairdressers, and protective gloves are important in limiting exposure to irritants and allergens. Various glove types may differ in their protective ability, and their use may lead to hand eczema due to skin irritancy and allergy. MEDLINE was searched for studies investigating permeation of gloves to irritants and allergens used in the hairdressing trade, as well as adverse effects of glove use affecting hairdressers. Forty-four studies were identified; nine reported on permeation. Of those, two in vitro studies found nitrile rubber (NR) gloves to give the best protection when handling hair dyes. Polyethylene (PE) gloves had the lowest reported break-through time. The prevalence of sensitization to rubber materials in European hairdressers was as follows: thiuram mix, median 2.5% (range 0%-8.2%), weighted average 3.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.0%-3.1%); mercapto mix, median 0.4% (range 0%-3.3%), weighted average 0.5% (95% CI 0.47%-0.50%), mercaptobenzothiazole, median 0.6% (range 0%-6.6%), weighted average 0.7% (95% CI 0.6%-0.7%), NRL-type I allergy, median 1.3% (range 1%-16.4%), weighted average 4.0% (95% CI 3.6%-4.5%). In conclusion, NR gloves provide the best skin protection for hairdressers, although natural rubber latex (NRL) and polyvinylchloride (PVC) gloves may be sufficient in most cases. PE gloves are not recommended. Synthetic rubber gloves with low or no levels of accelerators are preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Havmose
- National Allergy Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Jacob P Thyssen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Claus Zachariae
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Jeanne D Johansen
- National Allergy Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
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11
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Hamann CR, Hamann D, Egeberg A, Johansen JD, Silverberg J, Thyssen JP. Association between atopic dermatitis and contact sensitization: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017; 77:70-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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12
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Hassan OM, Bayomy H. Occupational Respiratory and Musculoskeletal Symptoms among Egyptian Female Hairdressers. J Community Health 2016; 40:670-9. [PMID: 25663369 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-014-9983-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hairdressing is associated with exposure to a variety of harmful agents which have been linked to respiratory and musculoskeletal disorders in hairdressers. This study aimed to identify respiratory and musculoskeletal disorders in hairdressers compared to office workers. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 80 female hairdressers and 50 matched controls. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on personal and occupational data, hairdressing activities, the presence of respiratory symptoms and the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in the past 12 months. Reported symptoms were compared between hairdressers and controls. The associations between self-reported symptoms and hairdressing activities were investigated. Hairdressers were more likely to report symptoms than controls particularly for those who were older, with higher body mass index and longer duration of work as hairdresser. There were significant associations between frequent hair treatments (bleaching, dye and wave) and hand dermatitis (P < 0.001), running nose (P < 0.05), eye irritation (P < 0.01) and phlegm (P < 0.05). Elbow pain and shoulder and back pain were the most prevalent musculoskeletal pains in the past 12 months (13.8 and 12.5% respectively), back and knee pains were the most frequent chronic pain (7.5%), hand and wrist pain led 12.5% of hairdressers to visit a doctor and shoulder pain and back pain indicated a period of sickness absence in 13.8% of hairdressers. Musculoskeletal disorders were associated with manual handling, prolonged standing, strenuous shoulder movements and awkward body posture. Hairdressing is associated with increased risk to respiratory and musculoskeletal disorders due to adverse work conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Hassan
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt,
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Developing effective worker health and safety training materials: hazard awareness, identification, recognition, and control for the salon industry. J Occup Environ Med 2016; 57:537-42. [PMID: 25654636 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In addition to formaldehyde, workers in salons can be exposed to other chemical irritants, sensitizers, carcinogens, reproductive hazards, infectious agents, ergonomic, and other physical hazards. Worker health and safety training is challenging because of current product labeling practices and the myriad of hazards portending risk for a wide variety of health effects. METHODS Through a Susan B. Harwood Targeted Topic Training grant from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and assistance from salon development and training partners, we developed, delivered, and validated a health and safety training program using an iterative five-pronged approach. RESULTS The training was well received and resulted in knowledge gain, improved workplace safety practices, and increased communication about health and safety. CONCLUSIONS These training materials are available for download from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's Susan B. Harwood Training Grant Program Web site.
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Uter W, Bensefa-Colas L, Frosch P, Giménez-Arnau A, John SM, Lepoittevin JP, Lidén C, White IR, Duus Johansen J. Patch testing with hair cosmetic series in Europe: a critical review and recommendation. Contact Dermatitis 2015; 73:69-81. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Uter
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology; Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg; D-91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Lynda Bensefa-Colas
- Occupational Diseases Department; University Hospital of Centre of Paris COCHIN, AP-HP; 75014 Paris France
- Laboratoire Santé Publique et Environnement, EA 4064; Paris Descartes University; Sorbonne Paris Cité 75014 Paris France
| | - Peter Frosch
- Department of Dermatology; University of Witten/Herdecke and Klinikum Dortmund (formerly); 44137 Dortmund Germany
| | - Ana Giménez-Arnau
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar; Institut Mar d'Ínvestigacions Mediques Universitat Autònoma; 08003 Barcelona Spain
| | - Swen M. John
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory; University of Osnabrueck; 49076 Osnabrueck Germany
| | | | - Carola Lidén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet; SE-17177 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Ian R. White
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas' Hospital; London SE1 7EH UK
| | - Jeanne Duus Johansen
- Department of Dermato-Allergology, National Allergy Research Centre, Gentofte Hospital; University of Copenhagen; 2900 Hellerup Denmark
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16
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Guerra-Tapia A, Gonzalez-Guerra E. Cosméticos capilares: tintes. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2014; 105:833-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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17
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Deschamps F, Langrand J, Lesage FX. Health assessment of self-employed hairdressers in France. J Occup Health 2014; 56:157-63. [PMID: 24598052 DOI: 10.1539/joh.13-0139-fs] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hairdressers have a high incidence of occupational diseases, owing to excessive wet work and exposure to chemical substances. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of occupational diseases in a population of self-employed hairdressers, matched for age and sex with a control group of wage-earning hairdressers. METHOD A health questionnaire was administered to both groups by an occupational health practitioner. RESULTS Irritative skin diseases were reported by 1.5% of the self-employed hairdressers versus 9.1% of the wage earners. Conversely, the rates of respiratory diseases and cumulative musculoskeletal injuries were much higher among self-employed hairdressers. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the overall health of self-employed hairdressers is lower than that of their wage-earning counterparts. This can be attributed to several aspects of work exposure, organization, including longer working hours, fewer protective measures and the absence of preventive medicine in the workplace.
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Contact sensitizing potential of pyrogallol and 5-amino-o-cresol in female BALB/c mice. Toxicology 2013; 314:202-8. [PMID: 24172597 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hair dye components such as pyrogallol and cresol have been shown previously to promote allergic reactions such as rashes, dermal inflammation, irritation and dermatitis. The objective of this study was to determine the contact sensitization potential of pyrogallol (PYR) and 5-amino-o-cresol (AOC) when applied dermally to female BALB/c mice. Measurement of the contact hypersensitivity response was initially accomplished using the local lymph node assay. For PYR, significant increases in the proliferation of lymph node cells were observed at concentrations of 0.5% (w/v) and higher. For AOC, borderline increases, albeit significant, in auricular lymph node cell proliferation were observed at 5% and 10%. Results from the irritancy assay suggested that PYR, but not AOC, was an irritant. To further delineate whether PYR was primarily an irritant or a contact sensitizer, the mouse ear swelling test (MEST) was conducted. A significant increase in mouse ear thickness was observed at 72h following challenge with 0.5% PYR in mice that had been sensitized with 5% PYR. In contrast, no effects were observed in the MEST in mice sensitized and challenged with the highest achievable concentration of AOC (10%). Additional studies examining lymph node subpopulations and CD86 (B7.2) expression by B cells further support the indication that PYR was a sensitizer in BALB/c mice. The results demonstrate that PYR is both a sensitizer and an irritant in female BALB/c mice. However, the contact sensitization potential of AOC is minimal in this strain of mouse.
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Lyons G, Roberts H, Palmer A, Matheson M, Nixon R. Hairdressers presenting to an occupational dermatology clinic in Melbourne, Australia. Contact Dermatitis 2013; 68:300-6. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
The two most common allergic skin diseases in the world are often the least familiar to practicing surgeons: atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis. When unrecognized, these disorders can cause great discomfort and decreased quality of life. This is only made worse by a surgical procedure which can exacerbate the disease process. Through proper recognition, management, and peri-surgical prophylaxis flares of these diseases can be avoided, leading to decreased morbidity and improved patient satisfaction. This article summarizes the pathophysiology and management of both atopic and contact dermatitis, with attention to implications for the surgeon.
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Cashman MW, Reutemann PA, Ehrlich A. Contact Dermatitis in the United States: Epidemiology, Economic Impact, and Workplace Prevention. Dermatol Clin 2012; 30:87-98, viii. [DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Krecisz B, Kiec-Swierczynska M, Chomiczewska D. Dermatological screening and results of patch testing among Polish apprentice hairdressers. Contact Dermatitis 2011; 64:90-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2010.01844.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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