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Rindler K, Bauer WM, Jonak C, Wielscher M, Shaw LE, Rojahn TB, Thaler FM, Porkert S, Simonitsch-Klupp I, Weninger W, Mayerhoefer ME, Farlik M, Brunner PM. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Tissue Compartment-Specific Plasticity of Mycosis Fungoides Tumor Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:666935. [PMID: 33968070 PMCID: PMC8097053 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.666935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. While initially restricted to the skin, malignant cells can appear in blood, bone marrow and secondary lymphoid organs in later disease stages. However, only little is known about phenotypic and functional properties of malignant T cells in relationship to tissue environments over the course of disease progression. We thus profiled the tumor micromilieu in skin, blood and lymph node in a patient with advanced MF using single-cell RNA sequencing combined with V-D-J T-cell receptor sequencing. In skin, we identified clonally expanded T-cells with characteristic features of tissue-resident memory T-cells (TRM, CD69+CD27-NR4A1+RGS1+AHR+). In blood and lymph node, the malignant clones displayed a transcriptional program reminiscent of a more central memory-like phenotype (KLF2+TCF7+S1PR1+SELL+CCR7+), while retaining tissue-homing receptors (CLA, CCR10). The skin tumor microenvironment contained potentially tumor-permissive myeloid cells producing regulatory (IDO1) and Th2-associated mediators (CCL13, CCL17, CCL22). Given their expression of PVR, TNFRSF14 and CD80/CD86, they might be under direct control by TIGIT+CTLA4+CSF2+TNFSF14+ tumor cells. In sum, this study highlights the adaptive phenotypic and functional plasticity of MF tumor cell clones. Thus, the TRM-like phenotype enables long-term skin residence of MF cells. Their switch to a TCM-like phenotype with persistent skin homing molecule expression in the circulation might explain the multi-focal nature of MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Rindler
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang M Bauer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Constanze Jonak
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Wielscher
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa E Shaw
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas B Rojahn
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix M Thaler
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Porkert
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Wolfgang Weninger
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marius E Mayerhoefer
- Division of General and Pediatric Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Matthias Farlik
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick M Brunner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Silva M, Martin KC, Mondal N, Sackstein R. sLeX Expression Delineates Distinct Functional Subsets of Human Blood Central and Effector Memory T Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 205:1920-1932. [PMID: 32868410 PMCID: PMC10636707 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sialyl Lewis X (sLeX) regulates T cell trafficking from the vasculature into skin and sites of inflammation, thereby playing a critical role in immunity. In healthy persons, only a small proportion of human blood T cells express sLeX, and their function is not fully defined. Using a combination of biochemical and functional studies, we find that human blood sLeX+CD4+T cells comprise a subpopulation expressing high levels of Th2 and Th17 cytokines, chemokine receptors CCR4 and CCR6, and the transcription factors GATA-3 and RORγT. Additionally, sLeX+CD4+T cells exclusively contain the regulatory T cell population (CD127lowCD25high and FOXP3+) and characteristically display immune-suppressive molecules, including the coinhibitor receptors PD-1 and CTLA-4. Among CD8+T cells, sLeX expression distinguishes a subset displaying low expression of cytotoxic effector molecules, perforin and granzyme β, with reduced degranulation and CD57 expression and, consistently, marginal cytolytic capacity after TCR engagement. Furthermore, sLeX+CD8+T cells present a pattern of features consistent with Th cell-like phenotype, including release of pertinent Tc2 cytokines and elevated expression of CD40L. Together, these findings reveal that sLeX display is associated with unique functional specialization of both CD4+ and CD8+T cells and indicate that circulating T cells that are primed to migrate to lesional sites at onset of inflammation are not poised for cytotoxic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Silva
- Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Program of Excellence in Glycosciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kyle C Martin
- Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Program of Excellence in Glycosciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Translational Medicine and Translational Glycobiology Institute, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199; and
| | - Nandini Mondal
- Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Program of Excellence in Glycosciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Robert Sackstein
- Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115;
- Program of Excellence in Glycosciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Translational Medicine and Translational Glycobiology Institute, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199; and
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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Richmond JM, Strassner JP, Essien KI, Harris JE. T-cell positioning by chemokines in autoimmune skin diseases. Immunol Rev 2019; 289:186-204. [PMID: 30977191 PMCID: PMC6553463 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune skin diseases are complex processes in which autoreactive cells must navigate through the skin tissue to find their targets. Regulatory T cells in the skin help to mitigate autoimmune inflammation and may in fact be responsible for the patchy nature of these conditions. In this review, we will discuss chemokines that are important for global recruitment of T cell populations to the skin during disease, as well as signals that fine-tune their localization and function. We will describe prototypical disease responses and chemokine families that mediate these responses. Lastly, we will include an overview of chemokine-targeting drugs that have been tested as new treatment strategies for autoimmune skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian M Richmond
- Department of Dermatology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - James P Strassner
- Department of Dermatology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Kingsley I Essien
- Department of Dermatology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - John E Harris
- Department of Dermatology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
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Abstract
Skin infiltration of circulating memory T cells with cutaneous tropism is considered one of the pathologic mechanisms in atopic dermatitis (AD). Skin-seeking circulating T lymphocytes can be identified by their expression of the cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen on the cell surface. Recent studies have contributed useful new information about the function and recirculation properties of those cells in AD patients. This review integrates the latest findings on peripheral cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen memory T cells in AD and highlights the relevance of this cell type and its importance to our understanding of the pathologic mechanisms of AD.
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Garbaraviciene J, Diehl S, Varwig D, Bylaite M, Ackermann H, Ludwig RJ, Boehncke WH. Platelet P-selectin reflects a state of cutaneous inflammation: possible application to monitor treatment efficacy in psoriasis. Exp Dermatol 2011; 19:736-41. [PMID: 20482619 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2010.01095.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Haemostasis-maintaining platelets are also recognized as important modulators in the regulation of immune response. Activated platelets expressing P-selectin (CD62P) are involved in the extravasation of leucocytes. This study evaluated platelet P-selectin expression as a biomarker for cutaneous inflammation. P-selectin expression was assessed by flow cytometry in 147 successive patients suffering from an inflammatory or infectious skin condition at the day of admission for in-patient treatment as well as a day prior to demission. Forty-one patients admitted for allergy testing served as controls. A commercially available ELISA was used in 17 patients to determine soluble P-selectin in the plasma. In patients with psoriasis, the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) was documented as a measure for disease severity. We observed a significant increase in platelet P-selectin expression in patients with inflammatory or infectious disorders, when compared to the control group (3,01% vs. 1,46%; P < 0.000001). Successful treatment resulted in a significant decrease in P-selectin expression to the level of the control group. In the case of psoriasis (n = 47), we found highly significant correlation between P-selectin and PASI (r = 0.51; P < 0.000001), as well as between the change in the PASI and the change in P-selectin expression (r = 0.4; P = 0.006). Platelet P-selectin expression as determined by flow cytometry correlated well with the results of soluble P-selectin, determined by ELISA (r = 0.63; P < 0.01). Thus, platelet P-selectin expression may be used as an efficacy biomarker to monitor treatment success in psoriasis. As platelet P-selectin correlates with soluble P-selectin in patient plasma, which can be measured by ELISA, the latter is feasible also for routine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurate Garbaraviciene
- Department of Dermatology, Clinic of the Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt, Germany
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