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Cho DE, Hong JP, Kim Y, Sim JY, Kim HS, Kim SR, Lee B, Cho HS, Cho IH, Shin S, Yeom M, Kwon SK, Lee IS, Park H, Kim K, Hahm DH. Role of gut-derived bacterial lipopolysaccharide and peripheral TLR4 in immobilization stress-induced itch aggravation in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6263. [PMID: 38491103 PMCID: PMC10942979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56936-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress and intestinal leakage are key factors in atopic dermatitis (AD) recurrence and exacerbation. Here, we demonstrate the mechanism underlying bacterial translocation across intestinal epithelial barrier damaged due to stress and further aggravation of trimellitic anhydride (TMA)-induced itch, which remain unclear, in AD mice. Immobilization (IMO) stress exacerbated scratching bouts and colon histological damage, and increased serum corticosterone and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Orally administered fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran and surgically injected (into the colon) Cy5.5-conjugated LPS were detected in the serum and skin after IMO stress, respectively. The relative abundance of aerobic or facultative anaerobic bacteria was increased in the colon mucus layer, and Lactobacillus murinus, E. coli, Staphylococcus nepalensis, and several strains of Bacillus sp. were isolated from the spleens and mesenteric lymph nodes. Oral antibiotics or intestinal permeability blockers, such as lubiprostone (Lu), 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine (TAP) and ML-7, inhibited IMO stress-associated itch; however, it was reinduced through intradermal or i.p. injection of LPS without IMO stress. I.p. injection of TAK-242 (resatorvid), a TLR4 inhibitor, abrogated IMO stress-associated itch, which was also confirmed in TLR4-KO mice. IMO stress alone did not cause itch in naïve mice. IMO stress-induced itch aggravation in TMA-treated AD mice might be attributed to the translocation of gut-derived bacterial cells and LPS, which activates peripheral TLR4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Eun Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Pyo Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoongeun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Sim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Heenam Stanley Kim
- Division of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Rae Kim
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Bombi Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Sung Cho
- Department of Korean Medical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Korean Medical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooan Shin
- ACCURIEBIO Co., IRIS Lab., 6th Floor, Sangwon 12-gil 34, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04790, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijung Yeom
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Kyeong Kwon
- Division of Applied Life Science (Brain Korea 21 PLUS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Seon Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Medical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hijoon Park
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Medical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuseok Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Dermatology of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Hahm
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Riquelme-Neira R, Walker-Vergara R, Fernández-Blanco JA, Vergara P. IL-10 Modulates the Expression and Activation of Pattern Recognition Receptors in Mast Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9875. [PMID: 37373041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are involved in several immune-related responses, including those in bacterial infections, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, and cancer, among others. MCs identify microorganisms by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), activating a secretory response. Interleukin (IL)-10 has been described as an important modulator of MC responses; however, its role in PRR-mediated activation of MC is not fully understood. We analyzed the activation of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7 and Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) in mucosal-like MCs (MLMCs) and peritoneum-derived cultured MCs (PCMCs) from IL-10-/- and wild-type (WT) mice. IL-10-/- mice showed a reduced expression of TLR4 and NOD2 at week 6 and TLR7 at week 20 in MLMC. In MLMC and PCMC, TLR2 activation induced a reduced secretion of IL-6 and TNFα in IL-10-/- MCs. TLR4- and TLR7-mediated secretion of IL-6 and TNFα was not detected in PCMCs. Finally, no cytokine release was induced by NOD2 ligand, and responses to TLR2 and TLR4 were lower in MCs at 20 weeks. These findings indicate that PRR activation in MCs depends on the phenotype, ligand, age, and IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Riquelme-Neira
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Sede Concepción, Chacabuco 539, Concepción 4070254, Chile
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Romina Walker-Vergara
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Sede Concepción, Chacabuco 539, Concepción 4070254, Chile
| | - Joan Antoni Fernández-Blanco
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patrocinio Vergara
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Shi S, Ye L, Yu X, Jin K, Wu W. Focus on mast cells in the tumor microenvironment: Current knowledge and future directions. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188845. [PMID: 36476563 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are crucial cells participating in both innate and adaptive immune processes that play important roles in protecting human health and in the pathophysiology of various diseases, such as allergies, cardiovascular diseases, and autoimmune diseases. In the context of tumors, MCs are a non-negligible population of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In most tumor types, MCs accumulate in both the tumor tissue and the surrounding tissue. MCs interact with multiple components of the TME, affecting TME remodeling and the tumor cell fate. However, controversy persists regarding whether MCs contribute to tumor progression or trigger an anti-tumor immune response. This review focuses on the context of the TME to explore the specific properties and functions of MCs and discusses the crosstalk that occurs between MCs and other components of the TME, which affect tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, and tumor immunity through different mechanisms. We also anticipate the potential role of MCs in cancer immunotherapy, which might expand upon the success achieved with existing cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saimeng Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Longyun Ye
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Kaizhou Jin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Weiding Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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4
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Iuliano C, Absmaier-Kijak M, Sinnberg T, Hoffard N, Hils M, Köberle M, Wölbing F, Shumilina E, Heise N, Fehrenbacher B, Schaller M, Lang F, Kaesler S, Biedermann T. Fetal Tissue-Derived Mast Cells (MC) as Experimental Surrogate for In Vivo Connective Tissue MC. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060928. [PMID: 35326379 PMCID: PMC8946182 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone-marrow-derived mast cells are matured from bone marrow cells in medium containing 20% fetal calf serum (FCS), interleukin (IL)-3 and stem-cell factor (SCF) and are used as in vitro models to study mast cells (MC) and their role in health and disease. In vivo, however, BM-derived hematopoietic stem cells account for only a fraction of MC; the majority of MC in vivo are and remain tissue resident. In this study we established a side-by-side culture with BMMC, fetal skin MC (FSMC) or fetal liver MC (FLMC) for comparative studies to identify the best surrogates for mature connective tissue MC (CTMC). All three MC types showed comparable morphology by histology and MC phenotype by flow cytometry. Heterogeneity was detected in the transcriptome with the most differentially expressed genes in FSMC compared to BMMC being Hdc and Tpsb2. Expression of ST2 was highly expressed in BMMC and FSMC and reduced in FLMC, diminishing their secretion of type 2 cytokines. Higher granule content, stronger response to FcεRI activation and significantly higher release of histamine from FSMC compared to FLMC and BMMC indicated differences in MC development in vitro dependent on the tissue of origin. Thus, tissues of origin imprint MC precursor cells to acquire distinct phenotypes and signatures despite identical culture conditions. Fetal-derived MC resemble mature CTMC, with FSMC being the most developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Iuliano
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802 Munich, Germany; (C.I.); (M.A.-K.); (N.H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (F.W.)
| | - Magdalena Absmaier-Kijak
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802 Munich, Germany; (C.I.); (M.A.-K.); (N.H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (F.W.)
| | - Tobias Sinnberg
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.S.); (B.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Nils Hoffard
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802 Munich, Germany; (C.I.); (M.A.-K.); (N.H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (F.W.)
| | - Miriam Hils
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802 Munich, Germany; (C.I.); (M.A.-K.); (N.H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (F.W.)
| | - Martin Köberle
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802 Munich, Germany; (C.I.); (M.A.-K.); (N.H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (F.W.)
| | - Florian Wölbing
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802 Munich, Germany; (C.I.); (M.A.-K.); (N.H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (F.W.)
| | - Ekaterina Shumilina
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (E.S.); (N.H.); (F.L.)
| | - Nicole Heise
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (E.S.); (N.H.); (F.L.)
| | - Birgit Fehrenbacher
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.S.); (B.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Martin Schaller
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.S.); (B.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (E.S.); (N.H.); (F.L.)
| | - Susanne Kaesler
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802 Munich, Germany; (C.I.); (M.A.-K.); (N.H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (F.W.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (T.B.); Tel.: +49-89-4141-3170 (S.K. & T.B.); Fax: 49-89-4141-3171 (S.K. & T.B.)
| | - Tilo Biedermann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802 Munich, Germany; (C.I.); (M.A.-K.); (N.H.); (M.H.); (M.K.); (F.W.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (T.B.); Tel.: +49-89-4141-3170 (S.K. & T.B.); Fax: 49-89-4141-3171 (S.K. & T.B.)
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Kim HJ, Lee EH, Lim YH, Jeong D, Na HS, Jung Y. Pathophysiological Role of TLR4 in Chronic Relapsing Itch Induced by Subcutaneous Capsaicin Injection in Neonatal Rats. Immune Netw 2022; 22:e20. [PMID: 35573151 PMCID: PMC9066010 DOI: 10.4110/in.2022.22.e20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of chronic dermatitis and the accompanied intractable itch, therapeutics that specifically target itching have low efficacy. Increasing evidence suggests that TLRs contribute to immune activation and neural sensitization; however, their roles in chronic itch remain elusive. Here, we show that the RBL-2H3 mast cell line expresses TLR4 and that treatment with a TLR4 antagonist opposes the LPS dependent increase in mRNA levels of Th2 and innate cytokines. The pathological role of TLR4 activation in itching was studied in neonate rats that developed chronic itch due to neuronal damage after receiving subcutaneous capsaicin injections. Treatment with a TLR4 antagonist protected these rats with chronic itch against scratching behavior and chronic dermatitis. TLR4 antagonist treatment also restored the density of cutaneous nerve fibers and inhibited the histopathological changes that are associated with mast cell activation after capsaicin injection. Additionally, the expression of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 mRNA in the lesional skin decreased after TLR4 antagonist treatment. Based on these data, we propose that inhibiting TLR4 alleviated itch in a rat model of chronic relapsing itch, and the reduction in the itch was associated with TLR4 signaling in mast cells and nerve fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Joo Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Gachon Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Eun-Hui Lee
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yoon Hee Lim
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Dongil Jeong
- Department of Dermatology, Gachon Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Heung Sik Na
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - YunJae Jung
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
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Do Mast Cells Contribute to the Antifungal Host Defense? Cells 2021; 10:cells10102510. [PMID: 34685489 PMCID: PMC8534142 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal kingdom includes a group of microorganisms that are widely distributed in the environment, and therefore the exposure to them is almost constant. Furthermore, fungal components of the microbiome, i.e., mycobiome, could serve as a reservoir of potentially opportunistic pathogens. Despite close encounters with fungi, defense mechanisms that develop during fungal infections remain unexplored. The strategic location of mast cells (MCs) close to the external environment places them among the first cells to encounter pathogens along with the other innate immune cells. MCs are directly involved in the host defense through the ability to destroy pathogens or indirectly by activating other immune cells. Most available data present MCs’ involvement in antibacterial, antiviral, or antiparasitic defense mechanisms. However, less is known about their contribution in defense mechanisms against fungi. MCs may support immune responses to fungi or their specific molecules through initiated degranulation, synthesis and release of cytokines, chemokines, mediators, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as immune cells’ recruitment, phagocytosis, or provision of extracellular DNA traps. This review summarizes current knowledge on host defense mechanisms against fungi and MCs’ involvement in those processes. It also describes the effects of fungi or fungus-derived constituents on MCs’ activity.
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IgE-activated mast cells enhance TLR4-mediated antigen-specific CD4 + T cell responses. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9686. [PMID: 33958642 PMCID: PMC8102524 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88956-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are potent mediators of allergy and asthma, yet their role in regulating adaptive immunity remains ambiguous. On the surface of mast cells, the crosslinking of IgE bound to FcεRI by a specific antigen recognized by that IgE triggers the release of immune mediators such as histamine and cytokines capable of activating other immune cells; however, little is known about the mast cell contribution to the induction of endogenous, antigen-specific CD4+ T cells. Here we examined the effects of specific mast cell activation in vivo on the initiation of an antigen-specific CD4+ T cell response. While CD4+ T cells were not enhanced by FcεRI stimulation alone, their activation was synergistically enhanced when FcεRI activation was combined with TLR4 stimulation. This enhanced activation was dependent on global TLR4 stimulation but appeared to be less dependent on mast cell expressed TLR4. This study provides important new evidence to support the role of mast cells as mediators of the antigen-specific adaptive immune response.
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Ertle CM, Rommel FR, Tumala S, Moriwaki Y, Klein J, Kruse J, Gieler U, Peters EMJ. New Pathways for the Skin's Stress Response: The Cholinergic Neuropeptide SLURP-1 Can Activate Mast Cells and Alter Cytokine Production in Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:631881. [PMID: 33815383 PMCID: PMC8012551 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.631881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (Chrna7) plays an essential anti-inflammatory role in immune homeostasis and was recently found on mast cells (MC). Psychosocial stress can trigger MC hyperactivation and increases pro-inflammatory cytokines in target tissues such as the skin. If the cholinergic system (CS) and Chrna7 ligands play a role in these cascades is largely unknown. Objective: To elucidate the role of the CS in the response to psychosocial stress using a mouse-model for stress-triggered cutaneous inflammatory circuits. Methods: Key CS markers (ACh, Ch, SLURP-1, SLURP-2, Lynx1, Chrm3, Chrna7, Chrna9, ChAT, VAChT, Oct3, AChE, and BChE) in skin and its MC (sMC), MC activation, immune parameters (TNFα, IL1β, IL10, TGFβ, HIF1α, and STAT3) and oxidative stress were analyzed in skin from 24 h noise-stressed mice and in cultured MC (cMC) from C57BL/6 or Chrna7-Knockout mice. Results: First, Chrna7 and SLURP-1 mRNA were exclusively upregulated in stressed skin. Second, histomorphometry located Chrna7 and SLURP-1 in nerves and sMC and demonstrated upregulated contacts and increased Chrna7+ sMC in stressed skin, while 5 ng/mL SLURP-1 degranulated cMC. Third, IL1β+ sMC were high in stressed skin, and while SLURP-1 alone had no significant effect on cMC cytokines, it upregulated IL1β in cMC from Chrna7-KO and in IL1β-treated wildtype cMC. In addition, HIF1α+ sMC were high in stressed skin and Chrna7-agonist AR-R 17779 induced ROS in cMC while SLURP-1 upregulated TNFα and IL1β in cMC when HIF1α was blocked. Conclusions: These data infer that the CS plays a role in the regulation of stress-sensitive inflammatory responses but may have a surprising pro-inflammatory effect in healthy skin, driving IL1β expression if SLURP-1 is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph M Ertle
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Frank R Rommel
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Tumala
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Yasuhiro Moriwaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jochen Klein
- Department of Pharmacology, Biocenter N260, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Johannes Kruse
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Gieler
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Eva M J Peters
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Charité Center 12 for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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9
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Kirtland ME, Tsitoura DC, Durham SR, Shamji MH. Toll-Like Receptor Agonists as Adjuvants for Allergen Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:599083. [PMID: 33281825 PMCID: PMC7688745 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.599083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential components of innate immunity and provide defensive inflammatory responses to invading pathogens. Located within the plasma membranes of cells and also intracellular endosomes, TLRs can detect a range of pathogen associated molecular patterns from bacteria, viruses and fungi. TLR activation on dendritic cells can propagate to an adaptive immune response, making them attractive targets for the development of both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines. In contrast to conventional adjuvants such as aluminium salts, TLR agonists have a clear immunomodulatory profile that favours anti-allergic T lymphocyte responses. Consequently, the potential use of TLRs as adjuvants in Allergen Immunotherapy (AIT) for allergic rhinitis and asthma remains of great interest. Allergic Rhinitis is a Th2-driven, IgE-mediated disease that occurs in atopic individuals in response to exposure to otherwise harmless aeroallergens such as pollens, house dust mite and animal dander. AIT is indicated in subjects with allergic rhinitis whose symptoms are inadequately controlled by antihistamines and nasal corticosteroids. Unlike anti-allergic drugs, AIT is disease-modifying and may induce long-term disease remission through mechanisms involving upregulation of IgG and IgG4 antibodies, induction of regulatory T and B cells, and immune deviation in favour of Th1 responses that are maintained after treatment discontinuation. This process takes up to three years however, highlighting an unmet need for a more efficacious therapy with faster onset. Agonists targeting different TLRs to treat allergy are at different stages of development. Synthetic TLR4, and TLR9 agonists have progressed to clinical trials, while TLR2, TLR5 and TLR7 agonists been shown to have potent anti-allergic effects in human in vitro experiments and in vivo in animal studies. The anti-allergic properties of TLRs are broadly characterised by a combination of enhanced Th1 deviation, regulatory responses, and induction of blocking antibodies. While promising, a durable effect in larger clinical trials is yet to be observed and further long-term studies and comparative trials with conventional AIT are required before TLR adjuvants can be considered for inclusion in AIT. Here we critically evaluate experimental and clinical studies investigating TLRs and discuss their potential role in the future of AIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max E Kirtland
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daphne C Tsitoura
- Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen R Durham
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed H Shamji
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Signal Transduction Pathways Activated by Innate Immunity in Mast Cells: Translating Sensing of Changes into Specific Responses. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112411. [PMID: 33158024 PMCID: PMC7693401 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) constitute an essential cell lineage that participates in innate and adaptive immune responses and whose phenotype and function are influenced by tissue-specific conditions. Their mechanisms of activation in type I hypersensitivity reactions have been the subject of multiple studies, but the signaling pathways behind their activation by innate immunity stimuli are not so well described. Here, we review the recent evidence regarding the main molecular elements and signaling pathways connecting the innate immune receptors and hypoxic microenvironment to cytokine synthesis and the secretion of soluble or exosome-contained mediators in this cell type. When known, the positive and negative control mechanisms of those pathways are presented, together with their possible implications for the understanding of mast cell-driven chronic inflammation. Finally, we discuss the relevance of the knowledge about signaling in this cell type in the recognition of MCs as central elements on innate immunity, whose remarkable plasticity converts them in sensors of micro-environmental discontinuities and controllers of tissue homeostasis.
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11
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Tsvilovskyy V, Solis-Lopez A, Almering J, Richter C, Birnbaumer L, Dietrich A, Freichel M. Analysis of Mrgprb2 Receptor-Evoked Ca 2+ Signaling in Bone Marrow Derived (BMMC) and Peritoneal (PMC) Mast Cells of TRPC-Deficient Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:564. [PMID: 32322252 PMCID: PMC7156601 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are a heterogeneous group of immune cells. The simplest and commonly accepted classification divides them in two groups according to their protease content. We have compared the action of diverse secretagogues on bone marrow derived (BMMC) and peritoneal (PMC) mast cells which represent classical models of mucosal and connective tissue type mast cells in mice. Whereas, antigen stimulation of the FcεRI receptors was similarly effective in triggering elevations of free intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in both BMMC and PMC, robust [Ca2+]i rise following Endothelin-1 stimulation was observed only in a fraction of BMMC. Leukotriene C4 activating cysteinyl leukotriene type I receptors failed to evoke [Ca2+]i rise in either mast cell model. Stimulation of the recently identified target of many small-molecule drugs associated with systemic pseudo-allergic reactions, Mrgprb2, with compound 48/80, a mast cell activator with unknown receptor studied for many years, triggered Ca2+ oscillations in BMMC and robust [Ca2+]i rise in PMCs similarly to that evoked by FcεRI stimulation. [Ca2+]i rise in PMC could also be evoked by other Mrgprb2 agonists such as Tubocurarine, LL-37, and Substance P. The extent of [Ca2+]i rise correlated with mast cell degranulation. Expression analysis of TRPC channels as potential candidates mediating agonist evoked Ca2+ entry revealed the presence of transcripts of all members of the TRPC subfamily of TRP channels in PMCs. The amplitude and AUC of compound 48/80-evoked [Ca2+]i rise was reduced by ~20% in PMC from Trpc1/4/6−/− mice compared to Trpc1/4−/− littermatched control mice, whereas FcεRI-evoked [Ca2+]i rise was unaltered. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings showed that the reduction in compound 48/80-evoked [Ca2+]i rise in Trpc1/4/6−/− PMC was accompanied by a reduced amplitude of Compound 48/80-induced cation currents which exhibited typical features of TRPC currents. Together, this study demonstrates that PMC are an appropriate mast cell model to study mechanisms of Mrgprb2 receptor-mediated mast cell activation, and it reveals that TRPC channels contribute at least partially to Mrgprb2-mediated mast cellactivation but not following FcεRI stimulation. However, the channels conducting most of the Ca2+ entry in mast cells triggered by Mrgprb2 receptor stimulation remains to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Tsvilovskyy
- Pharmakologisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alejandra Solis-Lopez
- Pharmakologisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Almering
- Pharmakologisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christin Richter
- Pharmakologisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States.,Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alexander Dietrich
- Walther-Straub Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Freichel
- Pharmakologisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Shi L, Xu H, Min F, Li X, Shi X, Gao J, Chen H. Imidacloprid exposure suppresses cytokine production and neutrophil infiltration in TLR2-dependent activation of RBL-2H3 cells and skin inflammation of BALB/c mice. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj01945c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Imidacloprid suppressed TNF-α and IL-6 production and neutrophil infiltration, without altering mast cell degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- China
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology
| | - Huaping Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- China
| | - Fangfang Min
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330006
- China
| | - Xiaoyun Shi
- School of Food Science
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- China
| | - Jinyan Gao
- School of Food Science
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute
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13
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Magrone T, Magrone M, Jirillo E. Mast Cells as a Double-Edged Sword in Immunity: Their Function in Health and Disease. First of Two Parts. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019; 20:654-669. [PMID: 31789135 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666191202120301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) have recently been re-interpreted in the context of the immune scenario in the sense that their pro-allergic role is no longer exclusive. In fact, MCs even in steady state conditions maintain homeostatic functions, producing mediators and intensively cross-talking with other immune cells. Here, emphasis will be placed on the array of receptors expressed by MCs and the variety of cytokines they produce. Then, the bulk of data discussed will provide readers with a wealth of information on the dual ability of MCs not only to defend but also to offend the host. This double attitude of MCs relies on many variables, such as their subsets, tissues of residency and type of stimuli ranging from microbes to allergens and food antigens. Finally, the relationship between MCs with basophils and eosinophils will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Manrico Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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14
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Xia Q, Huang J, Feng Q, Chen X, Liu X, Li X, Zhang T, Xiao S, Li H, Zhong Z, Xiao K. Size- and cell type-dependent cellular uptake, cytotoxicity and in vivo distribution of gold nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:6957-6970. [PMID: 32021157 PMCID: PMC6717860 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s214008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have shown great promise in biomedical applications. However, the interaction of AuNPs with biological systems, its underlying mechanisms and influencing factors need to be further elucidated. Purpose The aim of this study was to systematically investigate the effects of particle size on the uptake and cytotoxicity of AuNPs in normal cells and cancer cells as well as their biological distribution in vivo. Results Our data demonstrated that the uptake of AuNPs increased in HepG2 cancer cells but decreased in L02 normal cells, with the increase of particle size (5-50 nm). In both cancer cells and normal cells, small (5 nm) AuNPs exhibited greater cytotoxicity than large ones (20 and 50 nm). Interestingly, 5 nm AuNPs induced both apoptosis and necrosis in HepG2 cells through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activation of pro-caspase3, whereas it mainly induced necrosis in L02 cells through the overexpression of TLR2 and the release of IL-6 and IL-1a cytokines. Among them, 50 nm AuNPs showed the longest blood circulation and highest distribution in liver and spleen, and the treatment of 5 nm AuNPs but not 20 nm and 50 nm AuNPs resulted in the increase of neutrophils and slight hepatotoxicity in mice. Conclusion Our results indicate that the particle size of AuNPs and target cell type are critical determinants of cellular uptake, cytotoxicity and underlying mechanisms, and biological distribution in vivo, which deserves careful consideration in the future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyue Xia
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.,Toxicology Department, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jinxing Huang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qiyi Feng
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xuanming Chen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Disease Modeling Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuwen Xiao
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhihui Zhong
- Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Disease Modeling Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Kangcheng Biotech Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Kai Xiao
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.,Sichuan Kangcheng Biotech Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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15
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Imiquimod enhances DNFB mediated contact hypersensitivity in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 72:284-291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Patra MC, Shah M, Choi S. Toll-like receptor-induced cytokines as immunotherapeutic targets in cancers and autoimmune diseases. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 64:61-82. [PMID: 31054927 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells of the myeloid and lymphoid lineages express Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to recognize pathogenic components or cellular debris and activate the immune system through the secretion of cytokines. Cytokines are signaling molecules that are structurally and functionally distinct from one another, although their secretion profiles and signaling cascades often overlap. This situation gives rise to pleiotropic cell-to-cell communication pathways essential for protection from infections as well as cancers. Nonetheless, deregulated signaling can have detrimental effects on the host, in the form of inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. Because cytokines are associated with numerous autoimmune and cancerous conditions, therapeutic strategies to modulate these molecules or their biological responses have been immensely beneficial over the years. There are still challenges in the regulation of cytokine function in patients, even in those who take approved biological therapeutics. In this review, our purpose is to discuss the differential expression patterns of TLR-regulated cytokines and their cell type specificity that is associated with cancers and immune-system-related diseases. In addition, we highlight key structural features and molecular recognition of cytokines by receptors; these data have facilitated the development and approval of several biologics for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Chandra Patra
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Masaud Shah
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Alkanfari I, Freeman KB, Roy S, Jahan T, Scott RW, Ali H. Small-Molecule Host-Defense Peptide Mimetic Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents Activate Human and Mouse Mast Cells via Mas-Related GPCRs. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040311. [PMID: 30987258 PMCID: PMC6523814 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Host-defense peptides (HDPs) have an important therapeutic potential against microbial infections but their metabolic instability and cellular cytotoxicity have limited their utility. To overcome these limitations, we utilized five small-molecule, nonpeptide HDP mimetics (smHDPMs) and tested their effects on cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity, and mast cell (MC) degranulation. None of the smHDPMs displayed cytotoxicity against mouse 3T3 fibroblasts or human transformed liver HepG2 cells. However, one compound had both antifungal and antibacterial activity. Surprisingly, all five compounds induced degranulation in a human MC line, LAD2, and this response was substantially reduced in Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-X2 (MRGPRX2)-silenced cells. Furthermore, all five compounds induced degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells expressing MRGPRX2 but this response was abolished in cells expressing naturally occurring loss-of-function missense variants G165E (rs141744602) and D184H (rs372988289). Mrgprb2 is the likely mouse ortholog of human MRGPRX2, which is expressed in connective tissue MCs (CTMCs) such as cutaneous and peritoneal MCs (PMCs). All five smHDPMs induced degranulation in wild-type PMCs but not in cells derived from Mrgprb2−/− mice. These findings suggest that smHDPMs could serve as novel targets for the treatment of drug-resistant fungal and bacterial infections because of their ability to harness CTMCs’ host defense functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Alkanfari
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Katie B Freeman
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA.
| | - Saptarshi Roy
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Tahsin Jahan
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Richard W Scott
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA.
| | - Hydar Ali
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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18
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Halova I, Rönnberg E, Draberova L, Vliagoftis H, Nilsson GP, Draber P. Changing the threshold-Signals and mechanisms of mast cell priming. Immunol Rev 2019; 282:73-86. [PMID: 29431203 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells play a key role in allergy and other inflammatory diseases involving engagement of multivalent antigen with IgE bound to high-affinity IgE receptors (FcεRIs). Aggregation of FcεRIs on mast cells initiates a cascade of signaling events that eventually lead to degranulation, secretion of leukotrienes and prostaglandins, and cytokine and chemokine production contributing to the inflammatory response. Exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, bacterial and viral products, as well as some other biological products and drugs, induces mast cell transition from the basal state into a primed one, which leads to enhanced response to IgE-antigen complexes. Mast cell priming changes the threshold for antigen-mediated activation by various mechanisms, depending on the priming agent used, which alone usually do not induce mast cell degranulation. In this review, we describe the priming processes induced in mast cells by various cytokines (stem cell factor, interleukins-4, -6 and -33), chemokines, other agents acting through G protein-coupled receptors (adenosine, prostaglandin E2 , sphingosine-1-phosphate, and β-2-adrenergic receptor agonists), toll-like receptors, and various drugs affecting the cytoskeleton. We will review the current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms behind priming of mast cells leading to degranulation and cytokine production and discuss the biological effects of mast cell priming induced by several cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Halova
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Elin Rönnberg
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lubica Draberova
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Harissios Vliagoftis
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Alberta Respiratory Center and Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Gunnar P Nilsson
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Petr Draber
- Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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19
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Yu T, He Z, Yang M, Song J, Ma C, Ma S, Feng J, Liu B, Wang X, Wei Z, Li J. The development of methods for primary mast cells in vitro and ex vivo: An historical review. Exp Cell Res 2018; 369:179-186. [PMID: 29842878 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are tissue-based stationary effector cells that form the immune system's first-line defense against various challenges. They are developed from the bone marrow-derived progenitors to complete their differentiation and maturation in the tissues where they eventually establish residence. MCs have been implicated in many diseases, such as allergy, parasitic infection, and neoplastic disorders. Immortalized MC lines, such as RBL-2H3, HMC-1, and LAD-2, are useful for investigating the biological functions of MC only to some extents due to the restriction of degranulation evaluation, in vivo injection and other factors. Over the past few decades, technologies for acquiring primarily MCs have been continually optimized, and novel protocols have been proposed. However, no relevant publications have analyzed and summarized these techniques. In this review, the classical approaches for extracting MCs are generalized, and new methods with potential values are introduced. We also evaluate the advantages and applicability of diverse MC models. Since MCs exhibit substantial plasticity and functional diversity due to different origins, it is both necessary and urgent to select a reliable and suitable source of MCs for a particular study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, China; Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Zhigang He
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
| | - Muqing Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, China; Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Sunqiang Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
| | - Junlan Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, China; Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, China; Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Zhubo Wei
- Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, United States.
| | - Jiyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, China; Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, China.
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20
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Toll-like receptors in immunity and inflammatory diseases: Past, present, and future. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 59:391-412. [PMID: 29730580 PMCID: PMC7106078 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is a very diverse system of the host that evolved during evolution to cope with various pathogens present in the vicinity of environmental surroundings inhabited by multicellular organisms ranging from achordates to chordates (including humans). For example, cells of immune system express various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that detect danger via recognizing specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and mount a specific immune response. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are one of these PRRs expressed by various immune cells. However, they were first discovered in the Drosophila melanogaster (common fruit fly) as genes/proteins important in embryonic development and dorso-ventral body patterning/polarity. Till date, 13 different types of TLRs (TLR1-TLR13) have been discovered and described in mammals since the first discovery of TLR4 in humans in late 1997. This discovery of TLR4 in humans revolutionized the field of innate immunity and thus the immunology and host-pathogen interaction. Since then TLRs are found to be expressed on various immune cells and have been targeted for therapeutic drug development for various infectious and inflammatory diseases including cancer. Even, Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among various TLR genes have been identified among the different human population and their association with susceptibility/resistance to certain infections and other inflammatory diseases. Thus, in the present review the current and future importance of TLRs in immunity, their pattern of expression among various immune cells along with TLR based therapeutic approach is reviewed. TLRs are first described PRRs that revolutionized the biology of host-pathogen interaction and immune response The discovery of different TLRs in humans proved milestone in the field of innate immunity and inflammation The pattern of expression of all the TLRs expressed by human immune cells An association of various TLR SNPs with different inflammatory diseases Currently available drugs or vaccines based on TLRs and their future in drug targeting along with the role in reproduction, and regeneration
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21
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Redegeld FA, Yu Y, Kumari S, Charles N, Blank U. Non-IgE mediated mast cell activation. Immunol Rev 2018; 282:87-113. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank A. Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Division of Pharmacology; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Sangeeta Kumari
- Division of Pharmacology; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Charles
- INSERM U1149; Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation; Paris France
- CNRS ERL8252; Paris France
- Université Paris-Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Faculté de Médecine; Site Xavier Bichat; Paris France
| | - Ulrich Blank
- INSERM U1149; Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation; Paris France
- CNRS ERL8252; Paris France
- Université Paris-Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Faculté de Médecine; Site Xavier Bichat; Paris France
- Inflamex Laboratory of Excellence; Paris France
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22
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Benedé S, Cody E, Agashe C, Berin MC. Immune Characterization of Bone Marrow-Derived Models of Mucosal and Connective Tissue Mast Cells. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018; 10:268-277. [PMID: 29676074 PMCID: PMC5911446 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2018.10.3.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose It is well appreciated that mast cells (MCs) demonstrate tissue-specific imprinting, with different biochemical and functional properties between connective tissue MCs (CTMCs) and mucosal MCs (MMCs). Although in vitro systems have been developed to model these different subsets, there has been limited investigation into the functional characteristics of the 2 major MC subsets. Here, we report the immunologic characterization of 2 MCs subsets developed in vitro from bone marrow progenitors modeling MMCs and CTMCs. Methods We grew bone marrow for 4 weeks in the presence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, interleukin (IL)-9, IL-3, and stem cell factor (SCF) to generate MMCs, and IL-4, IL-3, and SCF to generate CTMCs. Results CTMCs and MMCs differed in growth rate and protease content, but their immune characteristics were remarkably similar. Both subsets responded to immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated activation with signaling, degranulation, and inflammatory cytokine release, although differences between subsets were noted in IL-10. CTMCs and MMCs showed a similar toll-like receptor (TLR) expression profile, dominated by expression of TLR4, TLR6, or both subsets were responsive to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), but not poly(I:C). CTMCs and MMCs express receptors for IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and respond to these cytokines alone or with modified activation in response to IgE cross-linking. Conclusions The results of this paper show the immunologic characterization of bone marrow-derived MMCs and CTMCs, providing useful protocols for in vitro modeling of MC subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Benedé
- Department of Pediatrics, Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Evan Cody
- Department of Pediatrics, Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charuta Agashe
- Department of Pediatrics, Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Cecilia Berin
- Department of Pediatrics, Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Kroner J, Kovtun A, Kemmler J, Messmann JJ, Strauss G, Seitz S, Schinke T, Amling M, Kotrba J, Froebel J, Dudeck J, Dudeck A, Ignatius A. Mast Cells Are Critical Regulators of Bone Fracture-Induced Inflammation and Osteoclast Formation and Activity. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:2431-2444. [PMID: 28777474 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells, important sensor and effector cells of the immune system, may influence bone metabolism as their number is increased in osteoporotic patients. They are also present during bone fracture healing with currently unknown functions. Using a novel c-Kit-independent mouse model of mast cell deficiency, we demonstrated that mast cells did not affect physiological bone turnover. However, they triggered local and systemic inflammation after fracture by inducing release of inflammatory mediators and the recruitment of innate immune cells. In later healing stages, mast cells accumulated and regulated osteoclast activity to remodel the bony fracture callus. Furthermore, they were essential to induce osteoclast formation after ovariectomy. Additional in vitro studies revealed that they promote osteoclastogenesis via granular mediators, mainly histamine. In conclusion, mast cells are redundant in physiologic bone turnover but exert crucial functions after challenging the system, implicating mast cells as a potential target for treating inflammatory bone disorders. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Kroner
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Center Ulm, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anna Kovtun
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Center Ulm, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julia Kemmler
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Center Ulm, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Joanna J Messmann
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gudrun Strauss
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Seitz
- Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Institute of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Kotrba
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Julia Froebel
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jan Dudeck
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anne Dudeck
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute for Immunology, Medical Faculty, Carl-Gustav Carus, Technical University, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Center Ulm, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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Wang N, McKell M, Dang A, Yamani A, Waggoner L, Vanoni S, Noah T, Wu D, Kordowski A, Köhl J, Hoebe K, Divanovic S, Hogan SP. Lipopolysaccharide suppresses IgE-mast cell-mediated reactions. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:1574-1585. [PMID: 28833704 PMCID: PMC5865592 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical and experimental analyses have identified a central role for IgE/FcεRI/mast cells in promoting IgE-mediated anaphylaxis. Recent data from human studies suggest that bacterial infections can alter susceptibility to anaphylaxis. OBJECTIVE We examined the effect of LPS exposure on the induction of IgE-mast cell (MC) mediated reactions in mice. METHODS C57BL/6 WT, tlr4-/- and IL10-/- mice were exposed to LPS, and serum cytokines (TNF and IL-10) were measured. Mice were subsequently treated with anti-IgE, and the symptoms of passive IgE-mediated anaphylaxis, MC activation, Ca2+ -mobilization and the expression of FcεRI on peritoneal MCs were quantitated. RESULTS We show that LPS exposure of C57BL/6 WT mice constraints IgE-MC-mediated reactions. LPS-induced suppression of IgE-MC-mediated responses was TLR-4-dependent and associated with increased systemic IL-10 levels, decreased surface expression of FcεRI on MCs and loss of sensitivity to IgE activation. Notably, LPS-induced desensitization of MCs was short term with MC sensitivity to IgE reconstituted within 48 hours, which was associated with recapitulation of FcεRI expression on the MCs. Mechanistic analyses revealed a requirement for IL-10 in LPS-mediated decrease in MC FcεRI surface expression. CONCLUSIONS & CLINICAL RELEVANCE Collectively, these studies suggest that LPS-induced IL-10 promotes the down-regulation of MC surface FcεRI expression and leads to desensitization of mice to IgE-mediated reactions. These studies indicate that targeting of the LPS-TLR-4-IL-10 pathway may be used as a therapeutic approach to prevent adverse IgE-mediated reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianrong Wang
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229
- Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Yuzhong Qu, 400065 Chongqing Shi China
| | - Melanie McKell
- Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229
| | - Andrew Dang
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229
| | - Amnah Yamani
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229
| | - Lisa Waggoner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229
| | - Simone Vanoni
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229
| | - Taeko Noah
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229
| | - David Wu
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229
| | - Anna Kordowski
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kasper Hoebe
- Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229
| | - Simon P. Hogan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229
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Interleukin-17-positive mast cells influence outcomes from BCG for patients with CIS: Data from a comprehensive characterisation of the immune microenvironment of urothelial bladder cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184841. [PMID: 28931051 PMCID: PMC5607173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour immune microenvironment is considered to influence cancer behaviour and outcome. Using a panel of markers for innate and adaptive immune cells we set out to characterise and understand the bladder tumour microenvironment of 114 patients from a prospective multicentre cohort of newly-diagnosed bladder cancer patients, followed-up for 4.33±1.71 years. We found IL-17-positive cells were significantly increased in primary and concomitant carcinoma in situ (CIS), p<0.0001, a highly malignant lesion which is the most significant single risk factor for disease progression. Further characterisation of the tumour immunophenotype identified IL-17+ cells as predominantly mast cells rather than T-cells, in contrast to most other tumour types. Expression of the IL-17-receptor in bladder tumours, and functional effects and gene expression changes induced by IL-17 in bladder tumour cells in vitro suggest a role in tumour behaviour. Finally, we assessed the effects of IL-17 in the context of patient outcome, following intravesical BCG immunotherapy which is the standard of care; higher numbers of IL-17+ cells were associated with improved event-free survival (p = 0.0449, HR 0.2918, 95% CI 0.08762–0.9721) in patients with primary and concomitant CIS (n = 41), we propose a model of IL-17+ Mast cells mechanism of action. Thus, in the context of bladder CIS, IL-17+ mast cells predict favourable outcome following BCG immunotherapy indicative of a novel mechanism of BCG immunotherapy in UBC and could form the basis of a stratified approach to treatment.
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Bayer SB, Gearry RB, Drummond LN. Putative mechanisms of kiwifruit on maintenance of normal gastrointestinal function. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:2432-2452. [PMID: 28557573 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1327841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Kiwifruits are recognized as providing relief from constipation and symptoms of constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C). However, the underlying mechanisms, specifically in regards to gastrointestinal transit time and motility, are still not completely understood. This review provides an overview on the physiological and pathophysiological processes underlying constipation and IBS-C, the composition of kiwifruit, and recent advances in the research of kiwifruit and abdominal comfort. In addition, gaps in the research are highlighted and scientific studies of other foods with known effects on the gastrointestinal tract are consulted to find likely mechanisms of action. While the effects of kiwifruit fiber are well documented, observed increases in gastrointestinal motility caused by kiwifruit are not fully characterized. There are a number of identified mechanisms that may be activated by kiwifruit compounds, such as the induction of motility via protease-activated signaling, modulation of microflora, changes in colonic methane status, bile flux, or mediation of inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Birgit Bayer
- a Department of Pathology , Center for Free Radical Research, University of Otago , 2 Riccarton Avenue, PO Box 4345, Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - Richard Blair Gearry
- b Department of Medicine , University of Otago , 2 Riccarton Avenue, PO Box 4345, Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - Lynley Ngaio Drummond
- c Drummond Food Science Advisory Ltd. , 1137 Drain Road, Killinchy RD 2, Leeston , New Zealand
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Alinejad V, Dolati S, Motallebnezhad M, Yousefi M. The role of IL17B-IL17RB signaling pathway in breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:795-803. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Expression of surface and intracellular Toll-like receptors by mature mast cells. Cent Eur J Immunol 2017; 41:333-338. [PMID: 28450795 PMCID: PMC5382879 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2016.65131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, more and more data indicate that mast cells play an important role in host defense against pathogens. That is why it is essential to understand the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) by mast cells, because these molecules play particularly significant role in initiation host defense against microorganisms as they recognize both wide range of microbial pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and various endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released in response to infection. Therefore, we examined the constitutive expression of both surface and endosomal TLRs in rat native fully mature tissue mast cells. By the use of qRT-PCR we found that these cells express mRNAs for TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7, and TLR9. The expression of TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7, and TLR9 transcripts were low and comparable and only the expression of TLR2 transcript was significant. By the use of flow cytometry technique, we clearly documented that mast cells express TLR2, TLR4, and TLR5 on cell surface, while TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9 proteins are located both on the cell membrane and intracellularly. The highest expression was observed for TLR5 and the lowest for surface TLR7. These observations undoubtedly indicate that mature tissue mast cells have a broad set of TLR molecules, thus can recognize and bind bacterial, viral, and fungal PAMPs as well as various endogenous molecules generated in response to infection.
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29
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Singh J, Shah R, Singh D. Targeting mast cells: Uncovering prolific therapeutic role in myriad diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 40:362-384. [PMID: 27694038 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The mast cells are integral part of immune system and they have pleiotropic physiological functions in our body. Any type of abnormal stimuli causes the mast cells receptors to spur the otherwise innocuous mast cells to degranulate and release inflammatory mediators like histamine, cytokines, chemokines and prostaglandins. These mediators are involved in various diseases like allergy, asthma, mastocytosis, cardiovascular disorders, etc. Herein, we describe the receptors involved in degranulation of mast cells and are broadly divided into four categories: G-protein coupled receptors, ligand gated ion channels, immunoreceptors and pattern recognition receptors. Although, activation of pattern recognition receptors do not cause mast cell degranulation, but result in cytokines production. Degranulation itself is a complex process involving cascade of events like membrane fusion events and various proteins like VAMP, Syntaxins, DOCK5, SNAP-23, MARCKS. Furthermore, we described these mast cell receptors antagonists or agonists useful in treatment of myriad diseases. Like, omalizumab anti-IgE antibody is highly effective in asthma, allergic disorders treatment and recently mechanistic insight of IgE uncovered; matrix mettaloprotease inhibitor marimistat is under phase III trial for inflammation, muscular dystrophy diseases; ZPL-389 (H4 receptor antagonist) is in Phase 2a Clinical Trial for atopic dermatitis and psoriasis; JNJ3851868 an oral H4 receptor antagonist is in phase II clinical development for asthma, rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, research is still in inchoate stage to uncover mast cell biology, mast cell receptors, their therapeutic role in myriad diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, Punjab, India
| | - Ramanpreet Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, Punjab, India
| | - Dhandeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, Punjab, India.
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Sugitharini V, Shahana P, Prema A, Berla Thangam E. TLR2 and TLR4 co-activation utilizes distinct signaling pathways for the production of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines in neonatal immune cells. Cytokine 2016; 85:191-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Johnzon CF, Rönnberg E, Guss B, Pejler G. Live Staphylococcus aureus Induces Expression and Release of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Terminally Differentiated Mouse Mast Cells. Front Immunol 2016; 7:247. [PMID: 27446077 PMCID: PMC4917549 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells have been shown to express vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), thereby implicating mast cells in pro-angiogenic processes. However, the mechanism of VEGF induction in mast cells and the possible expression of VEGF in fully mature mast cells have not been extensively studied. Here, we report that terminally differentiated peritoneal cell-derived mast cells can be induced to express VEGF in response to challenge with Staphylococcus aureus, thus identifying a mast cell–bacteria axis as a novel mechanism leading to VEGF release. Whereas live bacteria produced a robust upregulation of VEGF in mast cells, heat-inactivated bacteria failed to do so, and bacteria-conditioned media did not induce VEGF expression. The induction of VEGF was not critically dependent on direct cell–cell contact between bacteria and mast cells. Hence, these findings suggest that VEGF can be induced by soluble factors released during the co-culture conditions. Neither of a panel of bacterial cell-wall products known to activate toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling promoted VEGF expression in mast cells. In agreement with the latter, VEGF induction occurred independently of Myd88, an adaptor molecule that mediates the downstream events following TLR engagement. The VEGF induction was insensitive to nuclear factor of activated T-cells inhibition but was partly dependent on the nuclear factor kappa light-chain enhancer of activated B cells signaling pathway. Together, these findings identify bacterial challenge as a novel mechanism by which VEGF is induced in mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl-Fredrik Johnzon
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Elin Rönnberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Bengt Guss
- Department of Biomedical Science and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Dudeck J, Ghouse S, Lehmann C, Hoppe A, Schubert N, Nedospasov S, Dudziak D, Dudeck A. Mast-Cell-Derived TNF Amplifies CD8+ Dendritic Cell Functionality and CD8+ T Cell Priming. Cell Rep 2015; 13:399-411. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Roos AB, Sandén C, Mori M, Bjermer L, Stampfli MR, Erjefält JS. IL-17A Is Elevated in End-Stage Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Contributes to Cigarette Smoke–induced Lymphoid Neogenesis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 191:1232-41. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201410-1861oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Reber LL, Sibilano R, Mukai K, Galli SJ. Potential effector and immunoregulatory functions of mast cells in mucosal immunity. Mucosal Immunol 2015; 8:444-63. [PMID: 25669149 PMCID: PMC4739802 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2014.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are cells of hematopoietic origin that normally reside in mucosal tissues, often near epithelial cells, glands, smooth muscle cells, and nerves. Best known for their contributions to pathology during IgE-associated disorders such as food allergy, asthma, and anaphylaxis, MCs are also thought to mediate IgE-associated effector functions during certain parasite infections. However, various MC populations also can be activated to express functional programs--such as secreting preformed and/or newly synthesized biologically active products--in response to encounters with products derived from diverse pathogens, other host cells (including leukocytes and structural cells), damaged tissue, or the activation of the complement or coagulation systems, as well as by signals derived from the external environment (including animal toxins, plant products, and physical agents). In this review, we will discuss evidence suggesting that MCs can perform diverse effector and immunoregulatory roles that contribute to homeostasis or pathology in mucosal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent L Reber
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5324, USA
| | - Riccardo Sibilano
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5324, USA
| | - Kaori Mukai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5324, USA
| | - Stephen J Galli
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5324, USA,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5324, USA
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Abstract
Mast cells have been demonstrated to have critical roles in host defense against a number of types of pathogens. In order to better understand how mast cells participate in effective immune responses, it is important to evaluate their ability to respond directly to pathogens and their products. In the current chapter we provide a methodology to evaluate human mast cell responses to a number of bacterial and fungal pathogen products and to mammalian reovirus as a model of acute viral infection. These methods should provide key information necessary to aid in the effective design of experiments to evaluate human mast cell responses to a number of other organisms. However, it is important to carefully consider the biology of the mast cell subsets and pathogens involved and the optimal experimental conditions necessary to evaluate mediators of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian D Haidl
- Dalhousie Inflammation Group, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada, B3H 4R2
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36
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Kritas S, Saggini A, Cerulli G, Speziali A, Caraffa A, Antinolfi P, Pantalone A, Rosati M, Tei M, Saggini R, Conti P. Asthma and Mast Cell Biology. EUR J INFLAMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x1401200205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the lung and its pathophysiology is initiated by mast cell activation in response to the antigen binding to IgE receptor as well as by TH2 cell activation. Mast cells are well established effector cells in asthma where they exacerbate the inflammatory response, playing a key role in early phase, degranulating and increasing histamine. Human mast cells possess high affinity IgE receptors and are ubiquitous but predominantly localized in mucosal and connective tissue and are distributed along blood vessels. There are two types of mast cells: connective tissue mast cells (TC) and mucosal mast cells (T mast cells). TC mast cells contain more heparin, whereas T mast cells contain more chondroitin sulfate. In asthma, mast cell activation can trigger degranulation, releasing secretory granule complex and preformed mediators, such as histamine and proteases, along with the synthesis of leukotrines and prostaglandins, and induction of cytokines and chemokines. Leukotrine inhibitors and omalizumab, which inhibits IgE, both relieve the asthma exacerbation when administered to humans and permit to reduce the use of other drugs. The release of cytokines by mast cells, such as TNF-alpha, IL-1, IL-6 and IL-33, participate in the pathogenesis of asthma. Stress worsens asthma, and this effect is also mediated by mast cell activation through the release of cytokines. Administration of IL-33 in experimental animals provokes pathological effects in the mucosal tissues and augments antibody IgE and IgA in blood vessels. Here, we report the impact of mast cell biology in asthma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.K. Kritas
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - A. Saggini
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - G. Cerulli
- Nicola's Foundation, Onlus, Arezzo, Italy
| | | | - A. Caraffa
- Orthopedic Division, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - P. Antinolfi
- Orthopedic Division, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - A. Pantalone
- Orthopedic Division, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M. Rosati
- Gynecology Clinic, Pescara Hospital, Pescara, Italy
| | - M. Tei
- Nicola's Foundation, Onlus, Arezzo, Italy
| | - R. Saggini
- Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - P. Conti
- Immunology Division, Medical School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Ma YY, Yang MQ, Wang CF, Ding J, Li JY. Inhibiting mast cell degranulation by HO-1 affects dendritic cell maturation in vitro. Inflamm Res 2014; 63:527-37. [PMID: 24604352 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-014-0722-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN Mast cell (MC) degranulation can break peripheral immune tolerance. However, its mechanism remains unclear. Our goal was to study the stabilization of MC membranes by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in order to influence dendritic cell (DC) function. MATERIAL Mast cells and dendritic cells were prepared from 8-week-old to 10-week-old C57BL/6 mice; spleen mononuclear cells (SMCs) were prepared from 8-week-old to 10-week-old C57BL/6 and Balb/c mice. TREATMENT Mast cells were pretreated with PBS, DMSO, Hemin (50 μl/ml), and Znpp (50 μl/ml) for 8 h. METHOD Real-time PCR and western-blot tested the HO-1 of MC mRNA and protein. The co-stimulatory molecules of DCs (CD80, CD86, CD40) were measured by flow cytometry, and levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ were measured by ELISA. We set up a one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) model to test the proliferation of SMCs after MC/DC interaction. *P < 0.05 (t test) was taken as the level of statistical significance. RESULT MCs pretreated with hemin induced HO-1 mRNA and protein expression, then interacted with DCs; expression of the co-stimulatory molecules was attenuated. The TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ levels in the co-culture system were decreased. These DCs couldn't stimulate the proliferation of SMCs. CONCLUSION Inhibiting MC degranulation by HO-1 restrained DC maturation and attenuated the proliferation of SMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-yuan Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tong Ji University, Shanghai, China
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Reber LL, Frossard N. Targeting mast cells in inflammatory diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 142:416-35. [PMID: 24486828 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although mast cells have long been known to play a critical role in anaphylaxis and other allergic diseases, they also participate in some innate immune responses and may even have some protective functions. Data from the study of mast cell-deficient mice have facilitated our understanding of some of the molecular mechanisms driving mast cell functions during both innate and adaptive immune responses. This review presents an overview of the biology of mast cells and their potential involvement in various inflammatory diseases. We then discuss some of the current pharmacological approaches used to target mast cells and their products in several diseases associated with mast cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent L Reber
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Nelly Frossard
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, UMR 7200 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, France
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The immune complex CTA1-DD/IgG adjuvant specifically targets connective tissue mast cells through FcγRIIIA and augments anti-HPV immunity after nasal immunization. Mucosal Immunol 2013; 6:1168-78. [PMID: 23571505 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2013.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported that CTA1-DD/IgG immune complexes augment antibody responses in a mast cell-dependent manner following intranasal (IN) immunizations. However, from a safety perspective, mast cell activation could preclude clinical use. Therefore, we have extended these studies and demonstrate that CTA1-DD/IgG immune complexes administered IN did not trigger an anaphylactic reaction. Importantly, CTA1-DD/IgE immune complexes did not activate mast cells. Interestingly, only connective tissue, but not mucosal, mast cells could be activated by CTA1-DD/IgG immune complexes. This effect was mediated by FcγRIIIA, only expressed on connective tissue mast cells, and found in the nasal submucosa. FcγRIIIA-deficient mice had compromised responses to immunization adjuvanted by CTA1-DD/IgG. Proof-of-concept studies revealed that IN immunized mice with human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 L1 virus-like particles (VLP) and CTA1-DD/IgG immune complexes demonstrated strong and sustained specific antibody titers in serum and vaginal secretions. From a mast cell perspective, CTA1-DD/IgG immune complexes appear to be safe and effective mucosal adjuvants.
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Trivedi NH, Guentzel MN, Rodriguez AR, Yu JJ, Forsthuber TG, Arulanandam BP. Mast cells: multitalented facilitators of protection against bacterial pathogens. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2013; 9:129-38. [PMID: 23390944 DOI: 10.1586/eci.12.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are crucial effector cells evoking immune responses against bacterial pathogens. The positioning of mast cells at the host-environment interface, and the multitude of pathogen-recognition receptors and preformed mediator granules make these cells potentially the earliest to respond to an invading pathogen. In this review, the authors summarize the receptors used by mast cells to recognize invading bacteria and discuss the function of immune mediators released by mast cells in control of bacterial infection. The interaction of mast cells with other immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells and T cells, to induce protective immunity is highlighted. The authors also discuss mast cell-based vaccine strategies and the potential application in control of bacterial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita H Trivedi
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
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Cheng H, Tian J, Zeng L, Pan B, Li Z, Song G, Chen W, Xu K. Halofugine prevents cutaneous graft versus host disease by suppression of Th17 differentiation. Hematology 2013; 17:261-7. [PMID: 22971531 DOI: 10.1179/1607845412y.0000000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Cheng
- Department of HematologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lingyu Zeng
- Department of HematologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China; and Laboratory of Transplantation and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Bin Pan
- Laboratory of Transplantation and ImmunologyXuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Department of HematologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Guoliang Song
- Laboratory of Transplantation and ImmunologyXuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of HematologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kailin Xu
- Department of HematologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
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Possible involvement of TLRs and hemichannels in stress-induced CNS dysfunction via mastocytes, and glia activation. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:893521. [PMID: 23935250 PMCID: PMC3713603 DOI: 10.1155/2013/893521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS), mastocytes and glial cells (microglia, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes) function as sensors of neuroinflammatory conditions, responding to stress triggers or becoming sensitized to subsequent proinflammatory challenges. The corticotropin-releasing hormone and glucocorticoids are critical players in stress-induced mastocyte degranulation and potentiation of glial inflammatory responses, respectively. Mastocytes and glial cells express different toll-like receptor (TLR) family members, and their activation via proinflammatory molecules can increase the expression of connexin hemichannels and pannexin channels in glial cells. These membrane pores are oligohexamers of the corresponding protein subunits located in the cell surface. They allow ATP release and Ca2+ influx, which are two important elements of inflammation. Consequently, activated microglia and astrocytes release ATP and glutamate, affecting myelinization, neuronal development, and survival. Binding of ligands to TLRs induces a cascade of intracellular events leading to activation of several transcription factors that regulate the expression of many genes involved in inflammation. During pregnancy, the previous responses promoted by viral infections and other proinflammatory conditions are common and might predispose the offspring to develop psychiatric disorders and neurological diseases. Such disorders could eventually be potentiated by stress and might be part of the etiopathogenesis of CNS dysfunctions including autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia.
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Vukman KV, Ravidà A, Aldridge AM, O'Neill SM. Mannose receptor and macrophage galactose-type lectin are involved in Bordetella pertussis mast cell interaction. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 94:439-48. [PMID: 23794711 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0313130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are crucial in the development of immunity against Bordetella pertussis, and the function of TLRs in this process has been investigated. Here, the interaction between mast cells and B. pertussis with an emphasis on the role of CLRs is examined. In this study, two CLRs, MGL and MR, were detected for the first time on the surface of mast cells. The involvement of MR and MGL in the stimulation of mast cells by heat-inactivated BP was investigated by the use of blocking antibodies and specific carbohydrate ligands. The cell wall LOS of BP was also isolated to explore its role in this interaction. Mast cells stimulated with heat-inactivated BP or BP LOS induced TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ secretion, which was suppressed by blocking MR or MGL. Inhibition of CLRs signaling during BP stimulation affected the ability of mast cells to promote cytokine secretion in T cells but had no effect on the cell-surface expression of ICAM1. Blocking MR or MGL suppressed BP-induced NF-κB expression but not ERK phosphorylation. Syk was involved in the CLR-mediated activation of mast cells by BP. Bacterial recognition by immune cells has been predominantly attributed to TLRs; in this study, the novel role of CLRs in the BP-mast cell interaction is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina V Vukman
- Parasite Immune Modulation Group, School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
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Mast cell and macrophage chemokines CXCL1/CXCL2 control the early stage of neutrophil recruitment during tissue inflammation. Blood 2013; 121:4930-7. [PMID: 23645836 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-02-486217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 585] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil recruitment is an important early step in controlling tissue infections or injury. Here, we report that this influx depends on both tissue-resident mast cells and macrophages. Mice with mast cell deficiency recruit reduced numbers of neutrophils in the first few hours of intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Conversely, in mice with clodronate-ablated macrophages, neutrophils extravasate, but have limited ability to reach the peritoneal fluid. Tissue macrophages synthesize neutrophil chemoattractants CXCL1/CXCL2 (CXC chemokine ligands 1/2) in response to LPS. Mast cells also produce these chemokines of which a proportion are preformed in granules. Release of the granules and new CXCL1/CXCL2 synthesis is Toll-like receptor 4-dependent. Both in vivo studies with blocking monoclonal antibodies and in vitro chemotaxis experiments show the neutrophil response to mast cells and macrophages to be CXCL1/CXCL2-dependent. The data are in keeping with the model that mast cells, optimally positioned in close proximity to the vasculature, initiate an early phase of neutrophil recruitment by releasing the chemoattractants CXCL1/CXCL2. Having arrived within the stimulated tissue, neutrophils penetrate further in a macrophage-dependent manner. Therefore, we demonstrate a positive role for mast cells in tissue inflammation and define how this comes about with contribution from a second tissue cell, the macrophage.
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Guhl S, Artuc M, Zuberbier T, Babina M. Testosterone exerts selective anti-inflammatory effects on human skin mast cells in a cell subset dependent manner. Exp Dermatol 2013; 21:878-80. [PMID: 23163656 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Androgens are known to exert anti-inflammatory effects but their impact on mast cells (MCs) remains to be determined. Here, we show that MCs isolated from human foreskin samples (male) and those from breast skin (female) express the androgen receptor, albeit with a 10-fold difference between the subsets. While fundamental MC properties (FcεRI, c-Kit, tryptase; histamine release upon FcεRI cross-linking) were unaffected or slightly reduced (chymase) by testosterone, the hormone had a more profound impact on the production of cytokines, with IL-6 being a target (reduction by 53%). Interestingly, this effect was limited to breast skin MCs (15 of 16 donors displayed this phenomenon), but was not reproduced by foreskin MCs. Collectively, effector functions of human skin MCs are modulated by androgens in a gene-selective and MC subset-specific fashion. Possibly, MCs from women are more susceptible to testosterone. We also demonstrate that MC IL-6 production is highly variable among individuals.
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Philipson CW, Bassaganya-Riera J, Viladomiu M, Pedragosa M, Guerrant RL, Roche JK, Hontecillas R. The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in immune responses to enteroaggregative Escherichia coli infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57812. [PMID: 23469071 PMCID: PMC3585146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is recognized as an emerging cause of persistent diarrhea and enteric disease worldwide. Mucosal immunity towards EAEC infections is incompletely understood due in part to the lack of appropriate animal models. This study presents a new mouse model and investigates the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in the modulation of host responses to EAEC in nourished and malnourished mice. Methods/Principal Findings Wild-type and T cell-specific PPARγ null C57BL/6 mice were fed protein-deficient diets at weaning and challenged with 5×109cfu EAEC strain JM221 to measure colonic gene expression and immune responses to EAEC. Antigen-specific responses to E. coli antigens were measured in nourished and malnourished mice following infection and demonstrated the immunosuppressive effects of malnutrition at the cellular level. At the molecular level, both pharmacological blockade and deletion of PPARγ in T cells resulted in upregulation of TGF-β, IL-6, IL-17 and anti-microbial peptides, enhanced Th17 responses, fewer colonic lesions, faster clearance of EAEC, and improved recovery. The beneficial effects of PPARγ blockade on weight loss and EAEC clearance were abrogated by neutralizing IL-17 in vivo. Conclusions Our studies provide in vivo evidence supporting the beneficial role of mucosal innate and effector T cell responses on EAEC burden and suggest pharmacological blockade of PPARγ as a novel therapeutic intervention for EAEC infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casandra W. Philipson
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Josep Bassaganya-Riera
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Monica Viladomiu
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Mireia Pedragosa
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Richard L. Guerrant
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Center for Global Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - James K. Roche
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Center for Global Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Raquel Hontecillas
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Vukman KV, Adams PN, Metz M, Maurer M, O’Neill SM. Fasciola hepaticaTegumental Coat Impairs Mast Cells’ Ability To Drive Th1 Immune Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:2873-9. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Abstract
The key role of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and T helper 17 (T(H)17) cells in tissue inflammation, autoimmunity and host defence led to the experimental targeting of these molecules in mouse models of diseases as well as in clinical settings. Moreover, the demonstration that IL-17 and T(H)17 cells contribute to local and systemic aspects of disease pathogenesis, as well as the finding that the IL-17-T(H)17 cell pathway is regulated by IL-23, prompted the identification of inhibitors. These inhibitors include biotechnology products that target IL-23 as well as the leading member of the IL-17 family, IL-17A, and one of its receptors, IL-17 receptor A. Several clinical trials of these inhibitors are underway, and positive results have been obtained in psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. This Review focuses on the current knowledge of the IL-17-T(H)17 cell pathway to better understand the positive as well as potential negative consequences of targeting them.
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Costanza M, Colombo MP, Pedotti R. Mast cells in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Int J Mol Sci 2012. [PMID: 23203114 PMCID: PMC3509630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131115107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are best known as key immune players in immunoglobulin E (IgE)-dependent allergic reactions. In recent years, several lines of evidence have suggested that MCs might play an important role in several pathological conditions, including autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for MS. Since their first description in MS plaques in the late 1800s, much effort has been put into elucidating the contribution of MCs to the development of central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity. Mouse models of MC-deficiency have provided a valuable experimental tool for dissecting MC involvement in MS and EAE. However, to date there is still major controversy concerning the function of MCs in these diseases. Indeed, although MCs have been classically proposed as having a detrimental and pro-inflammatory role, recent literature has questioned and resized the contribution of MCs to the pathology of MS and EAE. In this review, we will present the main evidence obtained in MS and EAE on this topic, and discuss the critical and controversial aspects of such evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Costanza
- Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Disorder Unit, Neurological Institute Foundation IRCCS C. Besta, via Amadeo 42, Milan 20133, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Mario P. Colombo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Amadeo 42, Milan 20133, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Rosetta Pedotti
- Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Disorder Unit, Neurological Institute Foundation IRCCS C. Besta, via Amadeo 42, Milan 20133, Italy; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +39-02-23944654; Fax: +39-02-23944708
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Toll-like receptors expression and NF-κB activation in peritoneal leukocytes in morphine-mediated impairment of zymosan-induced peritonitis in swiss mice. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2012; 60:373-82. [PMID: 22915067 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-012-0186-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Zymosan-induced peritonitis represents a well-described model of acute inflammation. The binding of zymosan with its specific Toll-like receptors (TLR2 and TLR6) on leukocytes initiates activation and phosphorylation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, which leads to accumulation of NF-κB p65 subunits in the nucleus and subsequently up-regulation of the proinflammatory cytokine genes expression. Intraperitoneal co-administration of zymosan and morphine significantly inhibits peritonitis in several strains of mice by decreasing the influx of exudatory cells; however, mechanisms of this action still remain unclear. We aimed to verify the effects of morphine on NF-κB and TLRs expression at messenger RNA and protein levels during the early stages of zymosan-induced peritonitis. Peritonitis was induced by a single injection of zymosan A or zymosan supplemented with morphine in Swiss mice. At selected time points, after stimulation, peritoneal leukocytes were harvested. The TLRs and NF-κB expression was assessed by real-time PCR and flow cytometry. In comparison with the mice injected with zymosan only, morphine co-injection significantly decreased the expression of phospho-NF-κB and TLR2 in all investigated immunocompetent cells as well as up-regulated the levels of nitric oxide (NO) in peritoneal fluid. Moreover, supplementation of zymosan with morphine altered the TLR, NF-κB and some proinflammatory cytokines (keratinocyte-derived chemokine, tumor necrosis factor-α) gene expression during ongoing inflammation. We may postulate that after morphine stimulation peritoneal leukocytes recognize less effectively zymosan antigens because of impaired TLRs expression. The lower TLR expression attenuates TLR-mediated signal transduction, which prevents NF-κB activation. Additionally, during zymosan-induced peritonitis, morphine may modulate the NF-κB expression, at least partially, by an up-regulated release of NO, as suggested by others.
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