1
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Mota FAR, Passos MLC, Santos JLM, Saraiva MLMFS. Comparative analysis of electrochemical and optical sensors for detection of chronic wounds biomarkers: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 251:116095. [PMID: 38382268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Chronic wounds (CW) present a significant healthcare challenge due to their prolonged healing time and associated complications. To effectively treat these wounds and prevent further deterioration, monitoring their healing progress is crucial. Traditional wound assessment methods relying on visual inspection and subjective evaluation are prone to inter-observer variability. Biomarkers play a critical role in objectively evaluating wound status and predicting healing outcomes, providing quantitative measures of wound healing progress, inflammation, infection, and tissue regeneration. Recent attention has been devoted to identifying and validating CW biomarkers. Various studies have investigated potential biomarkers, including growth factors, cytokines, proteases, and extracellular matrix components, shedding light on the complex molecular and cellular processes within CW. This knowledge enables a more targeted and personalized approach to wound management. Accurate and sensitive techniques are necessary for detecting CW biomarkers. Thus, this review compares and discusses the use of electrochemical and optical sensors for biomarker determination. The advantages and disadvantages of these sensors are highlighted. Differences in detection capabilities and characteristics such as non-invasiveness, portability, high sensitivity, specificity, simplicity, cost-effectiveness, compatibility with point-of-care applications, and real-time monitoring of wound biomarkers will be pointed out and compared. In summary, this work provides an overview of CW, explores the emerging field of CW biomarkers, and discusses methods for detecting these biomarkers, with a specific focus on optical and electrochemical sensors. The potential of further research and development in this field for advancing wound care and improving patient outcomes will also be noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima A R Mota
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal.
| | - Marieta L C Passos
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal.
| | - João L M Santos
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal.
| | - M Lúcia M F S Saraiva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal.
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2
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Sun X, Ding C, Qin M, Li J. Hydrogel-Based Biosensors for Bacterial Infections. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306960. [PMID: 37884473 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are known to have the advantages such as good biodegradability, biocompatibility, and easy functionalization, making them ideal candidates for biosensors. Hydrogel-based biosensors that respond to bacteria-induced microenvironmental changes such as pH, enzymes, antigens, etc., or directly interact with bacterial surface receptors, can be applied for early diagnosis of bacterial infections, providing information for timely treatment while avoiding antibiotic abuse. Furthermore, hydrogel biosensors capable of both bacteria diagnosis and treatment will greatly facilitate the development of point-of-care monitoring of bacterial infections. In this review, the recent advancement of hydrogel-based biosensors for bacterial infection is summarized and discussed. First, the biosensors based on pH-sensitive hydrogels, bacterial-specific secretions-sensitive hydrogels, and hydrogels directly in contact with bacterial surfaces are presented. Next, hydrogel biosensors capable of detecting bacterial infection in the early stage followed by immediate on-demand treatment are discussed. Finally, the challenges and future development of hydrogel biosensors for bacterial infections are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Sun
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Chunmei Ding
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Meng Qin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Jianshu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
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3
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Cai J, Nielsen MW, Kalogeropoulos K, auf dem Keller U, van der Plas MJ. Peptidomic analysis of endogenous and bacterial protease activity in human plasma and wound fluids. iScience 2024; 27:109005. [PMID: 38333691 PMCID: PMC10850760 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Endogenous and bacterial proteases play important roles in wound healing and infection. Analysis of alterations in the low-molecular-weight peptidome by individual enzymes could therefore provide insight into proteolytic events occurring in wounds and may aid in the discovery of biomarkers. Using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, we characterized the peptidome of plasma and acute wound fluids digested ex vivo with human (neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G) and bacterial proteases (Pseudomonas aeruginosa LasB and Staphyloccocus aureus V8). We identified over 100 protein targets for each enzyme and characterized enzyme specific peptides and cleavage patterns. Moreover, we found unique peptide regions in V8 digested samples that were also present in dressing extracts from S. aureus infected wounds. Finally, the work indicates that peptidomic analysis of qualitative differences of proteolytic activity of individual enzymes may aid in the discovery of potential diagnostic biomarkers for wound healing status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cai
- LEO Foundation Center for Cutaneous Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Maike W. Nielsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Ulrich auf dem Keller
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mariena J.A. van der Plas
- LEO Foundation Center for Cutaneous Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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4
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Kolahreez D, Ghasemi-Mobarakeh L, Quartinello F, Liebner FW, Guebitz GM, Ribitsch D. Multifunctional Casein-Based Wound Dressing Capable of Monitoring and Moderating the Proteolytic Activity of Chronic Wounds. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:700-714. [PMID: 38295273 PMCID: PMC10865360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Every 1.2 s, a diabetic foot ulcer is developed, and every 20 s, one amputation is carried out in diabetic patients. Monitoring and controlling protease activity have been considered as a strategy for more efficient management of diabetic and other chronic wounds. This study aimed to develop a casein-based dressing that, by its disappearance, provides information about the activity of proteases and simultaneously harnesses proteolytic activity. Casein films were fabricated by using an aqueous solution, and heat treatment was successfully deployed as a green and clean approach to confer hydrolytic stability. Our results showed that casein-based films' mechanical characteristics, water absorption, and proteolytic stability could be controlled by the length of the heat treatment, which proved to be a useful tool. An increase in the treatment duration from 30 min to 3 h led to toleration of 2.4 times higher stress, 2 times lower water uptake, and 3.4 times higher proteolytic stability at examined conditions. Selected casein-based structures responded to Bacillus sp. bacteria's protease (BSP) and human neutrophil elastase (HNE) as representatives of bacterial and nonbacterial proteases found in the wounds at 10 and 200 ng mL-1 levels, respectively. The hydrolysis was accompanied by a 36% reduction in proteolytic activity measured by using a casein-based universal protease activity assay. The released casein fragments could scavenge 90% of the examined radicals. In-vitro cell culture studies showed that the hydrolysates were not cytotoxic, and the casein-based film had a favorable interaction with fibroblast cells, indicating its potential as a scaffold in the case that proteolytic activity would not be to the extent that causes its rapid disintegration. In general, these findings hold promise for applying the developed casein-based structure for detecting proteolytic activity without the need for any equipment, kits, or expertise and, more importantly, in a highly economical manner. In the case that the proteolytic activity would not be severe, it could also serve as a substrate for cell adhesion and growth; this would aid in the healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Kolahreez
- Department
of Textile Engineering, Isfahan University
of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
- Institute
of Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
- Institute
of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Laleh Ghasemi-Mobarakeh
- Department
of Textile Engineering, Isfahan University
of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Felice Quartinello
- Institute
of Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Falk W. Liebner
- Institute
of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Georg M. Guebitz
- Institute
of Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
- Austrian
Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Doris Ribitsch
- Institute
of Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
- Austrian
Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
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5
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Passos ML, Wicińska A, Sarraguça M, Lúcia M.F.S. Saraiva M. An automatic approach for the evaluation of the effect of ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents on elastase. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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6
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Wound Infection Detection Using a Rapid Biomarker. Adv Skin Wound Care 2023; 36:35-40. [DOI: 10.1097/01.asw.0000897448.59904.b0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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7
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Kahraman C, Sari S, Küpeli Akkol E, Tatli Cankaya I. Bioactive Saponins of Primula vulgaris Huds. Promote Wound Healing through Inhibition of Collagenase and Elastase Enzymes: in Vivo, in Vitro and in Silico Evaluations. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200582. [PMID: 36310134 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Primula vulgaris Huds. leaves and roots were used to treat skin damage and inflammation in Anatolian Folk Medicine. This study aimed to assess the ethnopharmacological use of the plant using in vivo, in vitro, and in silico test models. Linear incision and circular excision wound models were used to determine the in vivo wound-healing potential of the plant extracts and fractions. In vitro assays including hyaluronidase, collagenase, and elastase inhibitory activities were carried out for the active compounds to discover their activity pathways. Structure-based molecular modeling was performed to understand inhibitory mechanisms regarding collagenase and elastase at the molecular level. The butanol fraction of the roots of P. vulgaris showed the highest wound-healing activity. Through activity-guided fractionation and isolation techniques, primulasaponin I (1) and primulasaponin I methyl ester (2) were stated as the major active compounds. These compounds exerted their activities through the inhibition of collagenase and elastase enzymes. Primulasaponin I methyl ester isolated from butanol fraction was found to be the strongest agent, especially with the values of 29.65 % on collagenase and 38.92 % on elastase inhibitory activity assays, as well as molecular docking studies. The present study supports scientific data for the traditional use of P. vulgaris and the wound healing properties of the plant can be referred to secondary metabolites as especially saponins found in the roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Kahraman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suat Sari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Küpeli Akkol
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Irem Tatli Cankaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
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8
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Burnet M, Metcalf DG, Milo S, Gamerith C, Heinzle A, Sigl E, Eitel K, Haalboom M, Bowler PG. A Host-Directed Approach to the Detection of Infection in Hard-to-Heal Wounds. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102408. [PMID: 36292097 PMCID: PMC9601189 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound infection is traditionally defined primarily by visual clinical signs, and secondarily by microbiological analysis of wound samples. However, these approaches have serious limitations in determining wound infection status, particularly in early phases or complex, chronic, hard-to-heal wounds. Early or predictive patient-derived biomarkers of wound infection would enable more timely and appropriate intervention. The observation that immune activation is one of the earliest responses to pathogen activity suggests that immune markers may indicate wound infection earlier and more reliably than by investigating potential pathogens themselves. One of the earliest immune responses is that of the innate immune cells (neutrophils) that are recruited to sites of infection by signals associated with cell damage. During acute infection, the neutrophils produce oxygen radicals and enzymes that either directly or indirectly destroy invading pathogens. These granular enzymes vary with cell type but include elastase, myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, and cathepsin G. Various clinical studies have demonstrated that collectively, these enzymes, are sensitive and reliable markers of both early-onset phases and established infections. The detection of innate immune cell enzymes in hard-to-heal wounds at point of care offers a new, simple, and effective approach to determining wound infection status and may offer significant advantages over uncertainties associated with clinical judgement, and the questionable value of wound microbiology. Additionally, by facilitating the detection of early wound infection, prompt, local wound hygiene interventions will likely enhance infection resolution and wound healing, reduce the requirement for systemic antibiotic therapy, and support antimicrobial stewardship initiatives in wound care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Burnet
- Synovo GmbH, Paul Ehrlich Straße 15, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniel G. Metcalf
- ConvaTec Ltd., First Avenue, Deeside Industrial Park, Deeside CH5 2NU, UK
| | - Scarlet Milo
- ConvaTec Ltd., First Avenue, Deeside Industrial Park, Deeside CH5 2NU, UK
| | - Clemens Gamerith
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Krennagsse 37, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Heinzle
- Qualizyme Diagnostics GmbH & Co. KG, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 2, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Sigl
- Qualizyme Diagnostics GmbH & Co. KG, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 2, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kornelia Eitel
- Synovo GmbH, Paul Ehrlich Straße 15, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marieke Haalboom
- Medical School Twente, Medisch Spectrum Twente, 7512 KZ Enschede, The Netherlands
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9
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Weigelt MA, Lev-Tov HA, Tomic-Canic M, Lee WD, Williams R, Strasfeld D, Kirsner RS, Herman IM. Advanced Wound Diagnostics: Toward Transforming Wound Care into Precision Medicine. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2022; 11:330-359. [PMID: 34128387 PMCID: PMC8982127 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2020.1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Nonhealing wounds are an ever-growing global pandemic, with mortality rates and management costs exceeding many common cancers. Although our understanding of the molecular and cellular factors driving wound healing continues to grow, standards for diagnosing and evaluating wounds remain largely subjective and experiential, whereas therapeutic strategies fail to consistently achieve closure and clinicians are challenged to deliver individualized care protocols. There is a need to apply precision medicine practices to wound care by developing evidence-based approaches, which are predictive, prescriptive, and personalized. Recent Advances: Recent developments in "advanced" wound diagnostics, namely biomarkers (proteases, acute phase reactants, volatile emissions, and more) and imaging systems (ultrasound, autofluorescence, spectral imaging, and optical coherence tomography), have begun to revolutionize our understanding of the molecular wound landscape and usher in a modern age of therapeutic strategies. Herein, biomarkers and imaging systems with the greatest evidence to support their potential clinical utility are reviewed. Critical Issues: Although many potential biomarkers have been identified and several imaging systems have been or are being developed, more high-quality randomized controlled trials are necessary to elucidate the currently questionable role that these tools are playing in altering healing dynamics or predicting wound closure within the clinical setting. Future Directions: The literature supports the need for the development of effective point-of-care wound assessment tools, such as a platform diagnostic array that is capable of measuring multiple biomarkers at once. These, along with advances in telemedicine, synthetic biology, and "smart" wearables, will pave the way for the transformation of wound care into a precision medicine. Clinical Trial Registration number: NCT03148977.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximillian A. Weigelt
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Hadar A. Lev-Tov
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - W. David Lee
- Precision Healing, Inc., Newton, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Robert S. Kirsner
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ira M. Herman
- Precision Healing, Inc., Newton, Massachusetts, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Harvey J, Mellody KT, Cullum N, Watson REB, Dumville J. Wound fluid sampling methods for proteomic studies: A scoping review. Wound Repair Regen 2022; 30:317-333. [PMID: 35381119 PMCID: PMC9322564 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding why some wounds are hard to heal is important for improving care and developing more effective treatments. The method of sample collection used is an integral step in the research process and thus may affect the results obtained. The primary objective of this study was to summarise and map the methods currently used to sample wound fluid for protein profiling and analysis. Eligible studies were those that used a sampling method to collect wound fluid from any human wound for analysis of proteins. A search for eligible studies was performed using MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL Plus in May 2020. All references were screened for eligibility by one reviewer, followed by discussion and consensus with a second reviewer. Quantitative data were mapped and visualised using appropriate software and summarised via a narrative summary. After screening, 280 studies were included in this review. The most commonly used group of wound fluid collection methods were vacuum, drainage or use of other external devices, with surgical wounds being the most common sample source. Other frequently used collection methods were extraction from absorbent materials, collection beneath an occlusive dressing and direct collection of wound fluid. This scoping review highlights the variety of methods used for wound fluid collection. Many studies had small sample sizes and short sample collection periods; these weaknesses have hampered the discovery and validation of novel biomarkers. Future research should aim to assess the reproducibility and feasibility of sampling and analytical methods for use in larger longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Harvey
- Centre for Dermatology Research, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester & Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Kieran T Mellody
- Centre for Dermatology Research, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester & Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK
| | - Nicky Cullum
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rachel E B Watson
- Centre for Dermatology Research, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester & Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Institute for Collaborative Research on Ageing, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jo Dumville
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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11
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Mota FAR, Pereira SAP, Araújo ARTS, Gullón B, Passos MLC, Saraiva MLMFS. Automatic Identification of Myeloperoxidase Natural Inhibitors in Plant Extracts. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061825. [PMID: 35335191 PMCID: PMC8950977 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is the development of an automated method for myeloperoxidase activity evaluation and its application in testing the inhibitory action of different plant extracts on the activity of the enzyme. This enzyme has its concentration increased in inflammatory and infectious processes, so it is a possible target to limit these processes. Therefore, an automatic sequential in-jection analysis (SIA) system was optimized and demonstrated that it is possible to obtain results with satisfactory accuracy and precision. With the developed method, plant extracts were studied, as promising candidates for MPO inhibition. In the group of selected plant extracts, IC50 values from 0.029 ± 0.002 mg/mL to 35.4 ± 3.5 mg/mL were obtained. Arbutus unedo L. proved to be the most inhibitory extract for MPO based on its phenolic compound content. The coupling of an automatic SIA method to MPO inhibition assays is a good alternative to other conventional methods, due to its simplicity and speed. This work also supports the pharmacological use of these species that inhibit MPO, and exhibit activity that may be related to the treatment of infection and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima A. R. Mota
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.A.R.M.); (S.A.P.P.); (A.R.T.S.A.)
| | - Sarah A. P. Pereira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.A.R.M.); (S.A.P.P.); (A.R.T.S.A.)
| | - André R. T. S. Araújo
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.A.R.M.); (S.A.P.P.); (A.R.T.S.A.)
- Unidade de Investigação para o Desenvolvimento do Interior, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, Avenida Dr. Francisco de Sá Carneiro, No 50, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Gullón
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo (Campus Ourense), As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain;
| | - Marieta L. C. Passos
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.A.R.M.); (S.A.P.P.); (A.R.T.S.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.C.P.); (M.L.M.F.S.S.); Tel.: +351-220428643 (M.L.C.P.); +351-220428674 (M.L.M.F.S.S.)
| | - Maria Lúcia M. F. S. Saraiva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.A.R.M.); (S.A.P.P.); (A.R.T.S.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.C.P.); (M.L.M.F.S.S.); Tel.: +351-220428643 (M.L.C.P.); +351-220428674 (M.L.M.F.S.S.)
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12
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Johnson AC, Buchanan EP, Khechoyan DY. Wound infection: A review of qualitative and quantitative assessment modalities. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2021; 75:1287-1296. [PMID: 35216936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2021.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Surgical site infections (SSI) and chronic wounds represent a burden to patients and the health care system. One in 24 surgical patients will develop an SSI, making SSI the most common nosocomial infection in the USA. Early detection and monitoring of wound infection are critical for timely healing and return to normal function. However, the mainstay of wound infection diagnostic entails subjective clinical examination and semi-quantitative, invasive microbiological tests. In this review, we present current wound infection assessment modalities in the clinical and translational fields. There is a need for a point-of-care assessment tool that provides fast, accurate, and quantitative information on wound status, with minimal to no contact with the patient. In the next ten years, the evolution of wound diagnostic tools reported here may allow medical providers to optimize patient care while minimizing patient discomfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel C Johnson
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Edward P Buchanan
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Y Khechoyan
- Department of Pediatric Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Yang H, Liang Y, Wang J, Li Q, Li Q, Tang A, Liu Y, Liu HB. Multifunctional wound dressing for rapid hemostasis, bacterial infection monitoring and photodynamic antibacterial therapy. Acta Biomater 2021; 135:179-190. [PMID: 34469791 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Wound management is a major global issue, and there is a growing challenge to develop more effective hemostatic dressings to control bleeding and prevent pathogen infections. In this study, a multifunctional wound dressing was developed to meet the clinical need. The hemostatic layer of wound dressing can quickly stop the bleeding. Meanwhile, the detection layer is used for real-time fluorescence monitoring of the bacterial colonization. When infection occurs, wound dressing is further subjected to illumination for in-situ photodynamic antibacterial treatment. In the rabbit ear artery hemostasis model, the hemostasis time of the wound dressing was 1 s. The detection limit of the wound dressing was 1.4 × 105 CFU/cm2 for Escherichia coli, 5.9 × 105 CFU/cm2 for Staphylococcus aureus, and 3.8 × 106 CFU/cm2 for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. Compared with the control group, an enhanced wound closure (up to 97.3%) were observed in mice treated with the wound dressing. In vitro and in vivo experiment results suggested that the wound dressing was effective in killing pathogenic bacterial and exhibited good biological compatibility, and induced no inflammatory reaction. The proposed design prevents massive bleeding and wound infection, and further promotes wound healing. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this work, we developed a multifunctional wound dressing, capable of rapid hemostasis, colorimetric monitoring of bacterial infection, and in situ photodynamic antibacterial. The hemostatic layer can quickly stop the bleeding due to its large specific surface area and adsorption pore size for platelet at bleeding site. Meanwhile, the detection layer can intelligently monitor the bacterial infection and respond to report bacterial infection by emitting fluorescence. When infection occurs, wound dressing can be used for in-situ photodynamic antibacterial treatment. In vitro and in vivo results showed that the wound dressing was biocompatible, prevented massive bleeding and wound infection, and further promoted wound healing.
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15
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Haralambus R, Florczyk A, Sigl E, Gültekin S, Vogl C, Brandt S, Schnierer M, Gamerith C, Jenner F. Detection of synovial sepsis in horses using enzymes as biomarker. Equine Vet J 2021; 54:513-522. [PMID: 33977535 PMCID: PMC9290786 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Synovial sepsis is a commonly occurring, potentially career‐ending or even life‐threatening orthopaedic emergency. Diagnosis of synovial sepsis is currently primarily based on synovial fluid analysis, which often leaves diagnostic ambiguity due to overlap of clinicopathological parameters between septic and aseptic inflammatory synovitis. Objectives To evaluate the reliability of lysozyme (LYS), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and elastase (ELT) as biomarkers for synovial sepsis in horses using a photometric assay to measure increased enzyme activity. Study design Prospective, single‐blinded, analytical, clinical study. Methods Equine synovial samples were assigned to one of three groups: (1) healthy controls (n = 10), (2) aseptic (n = 27) and (3) septic synovitis (n = 30). The enzyme activity assays (LYS, MPO and ELT) were compared with standard synovial fluid parameters and broad‐range bacterial 16S rDNA PCR. Results LYS and MPO activities were significantly different between septic synovial samples, and both aseptic and control samples (P < .001, LYS: confidence interval [CI]: 2.25‐3.41, resp., 2.21‐3.8, MPO: CI 0.752‐1.6, resp., 0.639‐1.81). LYS achieved a 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity in differentiating between septic and aseptic (cut‐off value 751.4) or control (cut‐off: 484.6) samples (P < .001). MPO reached 93.33% sensitivity, 100% specificity for distinguishing septic from control (cut‐off value: 0.1254) synovial samples and 93.33% sensitivity, 81.48% specificity for discriminating between septic and aseptic (cut‐off value: 0.1305) synovial samples (P < .001). ELT activity could not be measured in any synovial sample. Both the LYS and the MPO measurements showed a highly significant correlation with PCR (LYS r = .79, MPO r = .69), synovial leukocyte count (LYS r = .752, MPO r = .571), % neutrophils (LYS r = .751, MPO r = 0.663) and each other (r = .744, all P < .001). Main limitations Variation in horses’ signalment, affected synovial structures and synovial fluid freezing times may have affected the discriminative power of this study. Conclusions Increased MPO and LYS activities allow reliable, rapid diagnosis of synovial sepsis with high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea Haralambus
- Department of Companion Animals and Horses, Equine Surgery Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Agnieszka Florczyk
- Department of Companion Animals and Horses, Equine Surgery Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Sigl
- Qualizyme Diagnostics GmbH & Co KG, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 2, Graz, Austria
| | - Sinan Gültekin
- Department of Companion Animals and Horses, Equine Surgery Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claus Vogl
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Brandt
- Department of Companion Animals and Horses, Equine Surgery Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlies Schnierer
- Department of Companion Animals and Horses, Equine Surgery Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Gamerith
- Qualizyme Diagnostics GmbH & Co KG, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 2, Graz, Austria.,Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Florien Jenner
- Department of Companion Animals and Horses, Equine Surgery Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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16
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Functionalized Peptide Fibrils as a Scaffold for Active Substances in Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083818. [PMID: 33917000 PMCID: PMC8067766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Technological developments in the field of biologically active peptide applications in medicine have increased the need for new methods for peptide delivery. The disadvantage of peptides as drugs is their low biological stability. Recently, great attention has been paid to self-assembling peptides that can form fibrils. Such a formulation makes bioactive peptides more resistant to enzymatic degradation and druggable. Peptide fibrils can be carriers for peptides with interesting biological activities. These features open up prospects for using the peptide fibrils as long-acting drugs and are a valid alternative to conventional peptidic therapies. In our study, we designed new peptide scaffolds that are a hybrid of three interconnected amino acid sequences and are: pro-regenerative, cleavable by neutrophilic elastase, and fibril-forming. We intended to obtain peptides that are stable in the wound environment and that, when applied, would release a biologically active sequence. Our studies showed that the designed hybrid peptides show a high tendency toward regular fibril formation and are able to release the pro-regenerative sequence. Cytotoxicity studies showed that all the designed peptides were safe, did not cause cytotoxic effects and revealed a pro-regenerative potential in human fibroblast and keratinocyte cell lines. In vivo experiments in a dorsal skin injury model in mice indicated that two tested peptides moderately promote tissue repair in their free form. Our research proves that peptide fibrils can be a druggable form and a scaffold for active peptides.
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17
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Mota FAR, Pereira SAP, Araujo ARTS, Saraiva MLMFS. Evaluation of Ionic Liquids and Ionic Liquids Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Inhibition in Elastase Enzyme Activity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26010200. [PMID: 33401768 PMCID: PMC7796259 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is used as diagnostic biomarker for inflammation/infection. In this work, 10 ionic liquids (ILs) and 11 ionic liquids active pharmaceutical ingredients (ILs-APIs) were tested to evaluate the inhibition effect on the activity of porcine pancreatic elastase enzyme, frequently employed as a model for HNE. The insertion of ionic liquids in some drugs is useful, as the insertion of ILs with inhibitory capacity will also slow down all processes in which this enzyme is involved. Therefore, a spectrophotometric method was performed to the determination of EC50 values of the compounds tested. EC50 values of 124 ± 4 mM to 289 ± 11 mM were obtained, with the most toxic IL for elastase being tetrabutylammonium acetate and the least toxic 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate. Moreover, sodium salicylate (raw material) presented the lower and benzethonium bistriflimide the higher EC50 when compared with all the IL-APIs tested. This work provides significant information about the effect of the studied IL and IL-APIs in elastase enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima A. R. Mota
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.A.R.M.); (S.A.P.P.); (A.R.T.S.A.)
- Unidade de Investigação para o Desenvolvimento do Interior, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, Av. Dr. Francisco de Sá Carneiro, No. 50, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
| | - Sarah A. P. Pereira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.A.R.M.); (S.A.P.P.); (A.R.T.S.A.)
| | - André R. T. S. Araujo
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.A.R.M.); (S.A.P.P.); (A.R.T.S.A.)
- Unidade de Investigação para o Desenvolvimento do Interior, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, Av. Dr. Francisco de Sá Carneiro, No. 50, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
| | - M. Lúcia M. F. S. Saraiva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.A.R.M.); (S.A.P.P.); (A.R.T.S.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-220428674; Fax: +351-226093483
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18
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Gao Z, Golland B, Tronci G, Thornton PD. A redox-responsive hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel for chronic wound management. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:7494-7501. [PMID: 31710328 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01683j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polymer-based hydrogels have been widely applied for chronic wound therapeutics, due to their well-acclaimed wound exudate management capability. At the same time, there is still an unmet clinical need for simple wound diagnostic tools to assist clinical decision-making at the point of care and deliver on the vision of patient-personalised wound management. To explore this challenge, we present a one-step synthetic strategy to realise a redox-responsive, hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogel that is sensitive to wound environment-related variations in glutathione (GSH) concentration. By selecting aminoethyl disulfide (AED) as a GSH-sensitive crosslinker and considering GSH concentration variations in active and non-self-healing wounds, we investigated the impact of GSH-induced AED cleavage on hydrogel dimensions, aiming to build GSH-size relationships for potential point-of-care wound diagnosis. The hydrogel was also found to be non-cytotoxic and aided L929 fibroblast growth and proliferation over seven days in vitro. Such a material offers a very low-cost tool for the visual detection of a target analyte that varies dependent on the status of the cells and tissues (wound detection), and may be further exploited as an implant for fibroblast growth and tissue regeneration (wound repair).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Gao
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. and Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, School of Dentistry, St. James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, UK.
| | - Ben Golland
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, School of Dentistry, St. James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, UK.
| | - Giuseppe Tronci
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, School of Dentistry, St. James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, UK. and Clothworkers' Centre for Textile Materials Innovation for Healthcare, School of Design, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Paul D Thornton
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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Francesko A, Petkova P, Tzanov T. Hydrogel Dressings for Advanced Wound Management. Curr Med Chem 2019; 25:5782-5797. [PMID: 28933299 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170920161246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Composed in a large extent of water and due to their nonadhesiveness, hydrogels found their way to the wound dressing market as materials that provide a moisture environment for healing while being comfortable to the patient. Hydrogels' exploitation is constantly increasing after evidences of their even broader therapeutic potential due to resemblance to dermal tissue and ability to induce partial skin regeneration. The innovation in advanced wound care is further directed to the development of so-called active dressings, where hydrogels are combined with components that enhance the primary purpose of providing a beneficial environment for wound healing. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to concisely describe the relevance of hydrogel dressings as platforms for delivery of active molecules for improved management of difficult- to-treat wounds. The emphasis is on the most recent advances in development of stimuli- responsive hydrogels, which allow for control over wound healing efficiency in response to different external modalities. Novel strategies for monitoring of the wound status and healing progress based on incorporation of sensor molecules into the hydrogel platforms are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petya Petkova
- Grup de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Tzanko Tzanov
- Grup de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Terrassa, Spain
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20
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Metcalf DG, Haalboom M, Bowler PG, Gamerith C, Sigl E, Heinzle A, Burnet MW. Elevated wound fluid pH correlates with increased risk of wound infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wndm.2019.100166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Role of Inflammatory Markers in Diagnosing Diabetic Foot Infection. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2019. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000000763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Ferreira AV, Antunes E, Ribeiro A, Matamá T, Azoia NG, Cunha J, Cavaco-Paulo A. Design of a chromogenic substrate for elastase based on split GFP system-Proof of concept for colour switch sensors. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 22:e00324. [PMID: 31049301 PMCID: PMC6479270 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that human neutrophil elastase (HNE) can be used as marker for inflammation/infection of chronic wounds since it was found to be present in high concentration in exudate collected from chronic wounds. Biosensors used in wound care benefit from a chromogenic signalling due to the readiness of signal interpretation, but the most common use faint yellow chromogenic molecules such as p-nitroaniline (pNa). In addition, if to be converted into smart dressings, the colour of the detection system should not be masked by the exudate's colour. In this work, we designed a chromogenic substrate for HNE aiming to be incorporated in a smart dressing as a colour switch sensor. The substrate was developed using the GFP-like chromoprotein ultramarine (UM), following the split GFP technology. The cleavage sequence for HNE (Ala-Ala-Pro-Val) was embedded into the sensing moiety of the substrate corresponding to the 11th β-sheet. In the presence of HNE, the 11th β-sheet is able to interact to the signalling moiety composed of the β1-β10 incomplete barrel, allowing the re-establishment of the chromophore environment and, hence, the colour production. Structural homology and molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to aid on the disclosure of the structural changes that are the base of the mechanism of action of this HNE switch substrate. Our findings explore the possible application of GFP-like chromogenic sensors in point-of-care devices for the evaluation of the wounds status, representing a major step in the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
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23
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Tallian C, Tegl G, Quadlbauer L, Vielnascher R, Weinberger S, Cremers R, Pellis A, Salari JWO, Guebitz GM. Lysozyme-Responsive Spray-Dried Chitosan Particles for Early Detection of Wound Infection. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:1331-1339. [PMID: 30906927 PMCID: PMC6428144 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Infections are a severe health issue, and the need for an early point-of-care diagnostic approach for wound infections is continuously growing. Lysozyme has shown a great potential as a biomarker for rapid detection of wound infection. In this study, spray-drying of labeled and derivatized chitosans was investigated for the production of small particles responsive to lysozyme. Therefore, various chitosans, differing in their origin (snow crab, Chionoecetes sp., with medium and low molecular weight or shrimp) were N-acetylated, labeled with reactive black 5, and tested for solubility and spray-drying suitability. Reactive black-5-stained N-acetylated chitosan (low molecular weight, origin crab) was successfully spray-dried, and the obtained particles were characterized regarding size, ζ potential, and morphology. The particles showed an average hydrodynamic radius of 612.5 ± 132.8 nm. ζ potential was measured in the context of a later application as an infection detection system for wound infections in artificial wound fluid (-6.14 ± 0.16 mV) and infected wound fluid (-7.93 ± 1.35 mV). Furthermore, the aggregation behavior and surface structure were analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy revealing spherical-shaped particles with explicit surface topologies. Spray-dried N-acetylated chitosan particles showed a 5-fold increase in lysozyme-responsive release of dyed chitosan fragments due to the enhanced surface area to volume ratio when compared to non-spray-dried N-acetylated chitosan flakes. On the basis of these results, the study showed the improved properties of N-acetylated spray-dried chitosan particles for future applications for early and rapid infection detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tallian
- Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Gregor Tegl
- Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Lisa Quadlbauer
- Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Robert Vielnascher
- Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Simone Weinberger
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Raymon Cremers
- Netherlands Institute for Applied Scientific Research, Eindhoven 5612 AP, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandro Pellis
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes W O Salari
- Netherlands Institute for Applied Scientific Research, Eindhoven 5612 AP, The Netherlands
| | - Georg M Guebitz
- Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
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Derakhshandeh H, Kashaf SS, Aghabaglou F, Ghanavati IO, Tamayol A. Smart Bandages: The Future of Wound Care. Trends Biotechnol 2018; 36:1259-1274. [PMID: 30197225 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic non-healing wounds are major healthcare challenges that affect a noticeable number of people; they exert a severe financial burden and are the leading cause of limb amputation. Although chronic wounds are locked in a persisting inflamed state, they are dynamic and proper therapy requires identifying abnormalities, administering proper drugs and growth factors, and modulating the conditions of the environment. In this review article, we discuss technologies that have been developed to actively monitor the wound environment. We also highlight drug delivery tools that have been integrated with bandages to facilitate precise temporal and spatial control over drug release and review automated or semi-automated systems that can respond to the wound environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Derakhshandeh
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68508, USA
| | - Sara Saheb Kashaf
- The University of Chicago Medical Scientist Training Program, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Fariba Aghabaglou
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68508, USA
| | - Ian O Ghanavati
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68508, USA
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68508, USA; Current address: 900 N16th Street, Room NH W332, Lincoln, NE 68508, USA.
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25
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Westby MJ, Dumville JC, Stubbs N, Norman G, Wong JKF, Cullum N, Riley RD. Protease activity as a prognostic factor for wound healing in venous leg ulcers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 9:CD012841. [PMID: 30171767 PMCID: PMC6513613 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012841.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) are a common type of complex wound that have a negative impact on people's lives and incur high costs for health services and society. It has been suggested that prolonged high levels of protease activity in the later stages of the healing of chronic wounds may be associated with delayed healing. Protease modulating treatments have been developed which seek to modulate protease activity and thereby promote healing in chronic wounds. OBJECTIVES To determine whether protease activity is an independent prognostic factor for the healing of venous leg ulcers. SEARCH METHODS In February 2018, we searched the following databases: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase and CINAHL. SELECTION CRITERIA We included prospective and retrospective longitudinal studies with any follow-up period that recruited people with VLUs and investigated whether protease activity in wound fluid was associated with future healing of VLUs. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) analysed as cohort studies, provided interventions were taken into account in the analysis, and case-control studies if there were no available cohort studies. We also included prediction model studies provided they reported separately associations of individual prognostic factors (protease activity) with healing. Studies of any type of protease or combination of proteases were eligible, including proteases from bacteria, and the prognostic factor could be examined as a continuous or categorical variable; any cut-off point was permitted. The primary outcomes were time to healing (survival analysis) and the proportion of people with ulcers completely healed; the secondary outcome was change in ulcer size/rate of wound closure. We extracted unadjusted (simple) and adjusted (multivariable) associations between the prognostic factor and healing. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed studies for inclusion at each stage, and undertook data extraction, assessment of risk of bias and GRADE assessment. We collected association statistics where available. No study reported adjusted analyses: instead we collected unadjusted results or calculated association measures from raw data. We calculated risk ratios when both outcome and prognostic factor were dichotomous variables. When the prognostic factor was reported as continuous data and healing outcomes were dichotomous, we either performed regression analysis or analysed the impact of healing on protease levels, analysing as the standardised mean difference. When both prognostic factor and outcome were continuous data, we reported correlation coefficients or calculated them from individual participant data.We displayed all results on forest plots to give an overall visual representation. We planned to conduct meta-analyses where this was appropriate, otherwise we summarised narratively. MAIN RESULTS We included 19 studies comprising 21 cohorts involving 646 participants. Only 11 studies (13 cohorts, 522 participants) had data available for analysis. Of these, five were prospective cohort studies, four were RCTs and two had a type of case-control design. Follow-up time ranged from four to 36 weeks. Studies covered 10 different matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and two serine proteases (human neutrophil elastase and urokinase-type plasminogen activators). Two studies recorded complete healing as an outcome; other studies recorded partial healing measures. There was clinical and methodological heterogeneity across studies; for example, in the definition of healing, the type of protease and its measurement, the distribution of active and bound protease species, the types of treatment and the reporting of results. Therefore, meta-analysis was not performed. No study had conducted multivariable analyses and all included evidence was of very low certainty because of the lack of adjustment for confounders, the high risk of bias for all studies except one, imprecision around the measures of association and inconsistency in the direction of association. Collectively the research indicated complete uncertainty as to the association between protease activity and VLU healing. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS This review identified very low validity evidence regarding any association between protease activity and VLU healing and there is complete uncertainty regarding the relationship. The review offers information for both future research and systematic review methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie J Westby
- University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreDivision of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthJean McFarlane BuildingOxford RoadManchesterUKM13 9PL
| | - Jo C Dumville
- University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreDivision of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthJean McFarlane BuildingOxford RoadManchesterUKM13 9PL
| | - Nikki Stubbs
- St Mary's HospitalLeeds Community Healthcare NHS Trust3 Greenhill RoadLeedsUKLS12 3QE
| | - Gill Norman
- University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreDivision of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthJean McFarlane BuildingOxford RoadManchesterUKM13 9PL
| | - Jason KF Wong
- Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchester Centre for Plastic Surgery and Burns, Wythenshawe HospitalSouthmoor Road, WythenshaweManchesterUKM23 9LT
| | - Nicky Cullum
- University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreDivision of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthJean McFarlane BuildingOxford RoadManchesterUKM13 9PL
| | - Richard D Riley
- Keele UniversityResearch Institute for Primary Care and Health SciencesDavid Weatherall Building, Keele University CampusKeeleStaffordshireUKST5 5BG
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Ingram JR, Cawley S, Coulman E, Gregory C, Thomas‐Jones E, Pickles T, Cannings‐John R, Francis NA, Harding K, Hood K, Piguet V. Levels of wound calprotectin and other inflammatory biomarkers aid in deciding which patients with a diabetic foot ulcer need antibiotic therapy (INDUCE study). Diabet Med 2018; 35:255-261. [PMID: 28734103 PMCID: PMC5811820 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Deciding if a diabetic foot ulcer is infected in a community setting is challenging without validated point-of-care tests. Four inflammatory biomarkers were investigated to develop a composite algorithm for mildly infected diabetic foot ulcers: venous white cell count, C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin, and a novel wound exudate calprotectin assay. Calprotectin is a marker of neutrophilic inflammation. METHODS In a prospective study, people with uninfected or mildly infected diabetic foot ulcers who had not received oral antibiotics in the preceding 2 weeks were recruited from community podiatry clinics for measurement of inflammatory biomarkers. Antibiotic prescribing decisions were based on clinicians' baseline assessments and participants were reviewed 1 week later; ulcer infection was defined by clinicians' overall impression from their two assessments. RESULTS Some 363 potential participants were screened, of whom 67 were recruited, 29 with mildly infected diabetic foot ulcers and 38 with no infection. One participant withdrew early in each group. Ulcer area was 1.32 cm2 [interquartile range (IQR) 0.32-3.61 cm2 ] in infected ulcers and 0.22 cm2 (IQR 0.09-1.46 cm2 ) in uninfected ulcers. Baseline CRP for mild infection was 9.00 mg/ml and 6.00 mg/ml for uninfected ulcers; most procalcitonin levels were undetectable. Median calprotectin level in infected diabetic foot ulcers was 1437 ng/ml and 879 ng/ml in uninfected diabetic foot ulcers. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for a composite algorithm incorporating calprotectin, CRP, white cell count and ulcer area was 0.68 (95% confidence intervals 0.52-0.82), sensitivity 0.64, specificity 0.81. CONCLUSIONS A composite algorithm including CRP, calprotectin, white cell count and ulcer area may help to distinguish uninfected from mildly infected diabetic foot ulcers. Venous procalcitonin is unhelpful for mild diabetic foot ulcer infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. R. Ingram
- Division of Infection and ImmunityCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - S. Cawley
- Podiatry DepartmentCardiff and Vale University Health BoardCardiffUK
| | - E. Coulman
- Centre for Trials ResearchCollege of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiffUK
| | - C. Gregory
- Division of Population MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - E. Thomas‐Jones
- Centre for Trials ResearchCollege of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiffUK
| | - T. Pickles
- Centre for Trials ResearchCollege of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiffUK
| | - R. Cannings‐John
- Centre for Trials ResearchCollege of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiffUK
| | - N. A. Francis
- Division of Population MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - K. Harding
- Division of Population MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - K. Hood
- Centre for Trials ResearchCollege of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiffUK
| | - V. Piguet
- Division of Infection and ImmunityCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
- Division of DermatologyWomen's College HospitalTorontoCanada
- Department of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
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Fayad S, Morin P, Nehmé R. Use of chromatographic and electrophoretic tools for assaying elastase, collagenase, hyaluronidase, and tyrosinase activity. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1529:1-28. [PMID: 29132826 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Elastase, collagenase, hyaluronidase and tyrosinase, are very interesting enzymes due to their direct implication in skin aging and as therapeutic hits. Different techniques can be used to study these enzymes and to evaluate the influence of effectors on their kinetics. Nowadays, analytical techniques have become frequently used tools for miniaturizing enzyme assays. The main intention of this article is to review chromatographic and electrophoretic tools that study the four enzymes above mentioned. More specifically, the use of high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis and their derivative techniques for monitoring these enzymes will be investigated. The advantages and limitations of these assays will also be discussed. The original use of microscale thermophoresis and thin layer chromatography in this domain will also be covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syntia Fayad
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Université d'Orléans - CNRS, UMR 7311, Orléans, France
| | - Philippe Morin
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Université d'Orléans - CNRS, UMR 7311, Orléans, France
| | - Reine Nehmé
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Université d'Orléans - CNRS, UMR 7311, Orléans, France.
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Functional Regulation of the Plasma Protein Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein by Zn 2+ in Settings of Tissue Injury. Biomolecules 2017; 7:biom7010022. [PMID: 28257077 PMCID: PMC5372734 DOI: 10.3390/biom7010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Divalent metal ions are essential nutrients for all living organisms and are commonly protein-bound where they perform important roles in protein structure and function. This regulatory control from metals is observed in the relatively abundant plasma protein histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG), which displays preferential binding to the second most abundant transition element in human systems, Zinc (Zn2+). HRG has been proposed to interact with a large number of protein ligands and has been implicated in the regulation of various physiological and pathological processes including the formation of immune complexes, apoptotic/necrotic and pathogen clearance, cell adhesion, antimicrobial activity, angiogenesis, coagulation and fibrinolysis. Interestingly, these processes are often associated with sites of tissue injury or tumour growth, where the concentration and distribution of Zn2+ is known to vary. Changes in Zn2+ levels have been shown to modify HRG function by altering its affinity for certain ligands and/or providing protection against proteolytic disassembly by serine proteases. This review focuses on the molecular interplay between HRG and Zn2+, and how Zn2+ binding modifies HRG-ligand interactions to regulate function in different settings of tissue injury.
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Kurtulus Waschulewski I, Gökbuget AY, Christiansen NM, Ziegler M, Schuster V, Wahl G, Götz W. Immunohistochemical analysis of the gingiva with periodontitis of type I plasminogen deficiency compared to gingiva with gingivitis and periodontitis and healthy gingiva. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 72:75-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Ferreira AV, Perelshtein I, Perkas N, Gedanken A, Cunha J, Cavaco-Paulo A. Detection of human neutrophil elastase (HNE) on wound dressings as marker of inflammation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:1443-1454. [PMID: 27744556 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7889-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wound fluids have elevated concentration of human neutrophil elastase (HNE) which can be used as inflammation/infection marker. Our goal is to develop functional materials for fast diagnosis of wound inflammation/infection by using HNE as a specific marker. For that, fluorogenic peptides with a HNE-specific cleavage sequence were incorporated into traditional textile dressings, to allow real-time detection of the wound status. Two different fluorogenic approaches were studied in terms of intensity of the signal generated upon HNE addition: a fluorophore 7-amino-4-trifluormethylcoumarin (AFC) conjugated to a HNE-specific peptide and two fluorophore/quencher pairs (FAM/Dabcyl and EDANS/Dabcyl) coupled to a similar peptide as a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) strategy. Also, two immobilization methods were tested: sonochemistry immobilization onto a cotton bandage and glutaraldehyde (GTA)-assisted chemical crosslinking onto a polyamide dressing. The immobilized fluorogenic AFC peptide showed an intense fluorescence emission in the presence of HNE. HNE also induced an enhanced fluorescent signal with the EDANS/Dabcyl FRET peptide which showed to be a more sensitive and effective strategy than the AFC peptide. However, its chemical immobilization onto the polyamide dressing greatly decreased its detection, mainly due to the more difficult access of the enzyme to the cleavage sequence of the immobilized peptide. After optimization of the in situ immobilization, it will be possible to use these fluorescence-functionalized dressings for an effective and specific monitoring of chronic wounds by simply using a portable ultraviolet (UV) light source. We envision that the development of this point-of-care medical device for wound control will have a great impact on patient's life quality and reduction of costs on health care system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana V Ferreira
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ilana Perelshtein
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, IL-52900, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Nina Perkas
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, IL-52900, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Aharon Gedanken
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, IL-52900, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Joana Cunha
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
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Sadat Ebrahimi MM, Dohm N, Müller M, Jansen B, Schönherr H. Self-reporting hydrogels rapidly differentiate among enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and non-virulent Escherichia coli (K12). Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Sadat Ebrahimi MM, Steinhoff B, Schönherr H. Rapid remote detection of Escherichia coli via a reporter-hydrogel coated glass fiber tip. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Schiffer D, Blokhuis-Arkes M, van der Palen J, Sigl E, Heinzle A, Guebitz G. Assessment of infection in chronic wounds based on the activities of elastase, lysozyme and myeloperoxidase. Br J Dermatol 2015; 173:1529-31. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Schiffer
- Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology; Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Austria
| | - M. Blokhuis-Arkes
- Department of Surgery; Medisch Spectrum Twente Hospital; Enschede the Netherlands
| | - J. van der Palen
- Medical School Twente; Medisch Spectrum Twente Hospital; Enschede the Netherlands
- Department of Research Methodology; Measurement; and Data Analysis; University of Twente; Enschede the Netherlands
| | - E. Sigl
- Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology; Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Austria
| | - A. Heinzle
- Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology; Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Austria
| | - G.M. Guebitz
- Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology; Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Austria
- Institute for Environmental Biotechnology; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Vienna Austria
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Ebrahimi MMS, Laabei M, Jenkins ATA, Schönherr H. Autonomously Sensing Hydrogels for the Rapid and Selective Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:2123-8. [PMID: 26474087 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of a versatile approach for the rapid and sensitive detection of relevant pathogenic bacteria and autonomous signaling of the detection events in reporter hydrogel film coatings is reported. Exploiting chitosan hydrogel films equipped with chromogenic or fluorogenic reporter moieties, the presence of the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus is sensed within 1 h by detecting the characteristic enzymes α-glucosidase and elastase with limits of detection (LOD) <45 × 10(-9) M and <20 × 10(-9) M, respectively, for this observation time. The values for the LOD are two to three orders of magnitude smaller than the concentrations of the enzymes detected in the corresponding bacterial supernatants. The results show that the covalently conjugated reporter moieties are exclusively and efficiently reacted by the associated enzyme, allowing in principle for discrimination among different types of bacteria. Since high enzyme concentrations are a result of proliferating bacteria, e.g., in wounds or food, and since the selectivity of the reporting function is easily adapted to bacteria of choice, these reporter hydrogels comprise an interesting platform for the rapid detection of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir-Morteza Sadat Ebrahimi
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Biology & Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076, Siegen, Germany
| | - Maisem Laabei
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - A Tobias A Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Holger Schönherr
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Biology & Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076, Siegen, Germany
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35
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Sadat Ebrahimi MM, Voss Y, Schönherr H. Rapid Detection of Escherichia coli via Enzymatically Triggered Reactions in Self-Reporting Chitosan Hydrogels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:20190-20199. [PMID: 26322857 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a self-reporting hydrogel for the rapid in situ detection of bacterial enzymes is reported. To implement the reporting function for the bacterium Escherichia coli into a film-based sensing format, chitosan hydrogel films on solid backing supports were equipped with a reporting function for the enzyme β-glucuronidase (β-GUS), which is secreted by >98% of all known E. coli strains. Covalent coupling of the fluorogenic substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucuronide or the complementary chromogenic substrate 4-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucuronide via amide bond formation afforded an attachment that is stable for >24 h under physiological conditions. By contrast, in the presence of β-GUS, the reporter dyes were very rapidly cleaved and produced a signal for the presence of the enzyme, which was detectable by bare eye under appropriate illumination. Detailed investigations of the enzymatic reaction for both types of substrates in neat enzyme solution as well as in bacterial supernatant revealed the apparent reaction kinetics and allowed us to determine the concentration of β-GUS in the supernatant. Under optimized conditions, the 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucuronide-functionalized hydrogel reported the presence of β-GUS within 15 min with a limit of detection of <1 nM. Finally, the function of the generally applicable hydrogel-film-based sensing approach, which is compatible with polymer-film-based applications, including wound dressings and packaging materials, and is also amenable to address noncultivatable pathogenic bacteria by using appropriate fluorogenic or chromogenic substrates, was demonstrated by direct application with bacterial medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir-Morteza Sadat Ebrahimi
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Biology & Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), University of Siegen , Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Yvonne Voss
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Biology & Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), University of Siegen , Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Holger Schönherr
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Biology & Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), University of Siegen , Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
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36
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Schiffer D, Tegl G, Heinzle A, Sigl E, Metcalf D, Bowler P, Burnet M, Guebitz GM. Enzyme-responsive polymers for microbial infection detection. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2015; 15:1125-31. [DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2015.1061935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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37
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Blokhuis-Arkes MH, Haalboom M, van der Palen J, Heinzle A, Sigl E, Guebitz G, Beuk R. Rapid enzyme analysis as a diagnostic tool for wound infection: Comparison between clinical judgment, microbiological analysis, and enzyme analysis. Wound Repair Regen 2015; 23:345-52. [DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marieke Haalboom
- Department of Medical School Twente, Medisch Spectrum Twente Hospital; Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Job van der Palen
- Department of Medical School Twente, Medisch Spectrum Twente Hospital; Enschede The Netherlands
- Department of Research Methodology; Measurement and Data Analysis, University of Twente; Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Heinzle
- Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology; Graz Austria
| | - Eva Sigl
- Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology; Graz Austria
| | - Georg Guebitz
- Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology; Graz Austria
- Department of Agrobiotechnology Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Vienna Austria
| | - Roland Beuk
- Department of Surgery; Medisch Spectrum Twente Hospital; Enschede The Netherlands
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38
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Biomarkers for infection: enzymes, microbes, and metabolites. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:4595-614. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6637-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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39
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Rollett A, Heinzle A, Schneider K, Schiffer D, Tegl G, Sigl E, Guebitz G. Enzyme responsive polymers. N Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2014.05.1618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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Responsive and “smart” antibacterial surfaces: Common approaches and new developments (Review). Biointerphases 2014; 9:029005. [DOI: 10.1116/1.4866697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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41
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Bioresponsive polymers for the detection of bacterial contaminations in platelet concentrates. N Biotechnol 2014; 31:150-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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42
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McLister A, Phair J, Cundell J, Davis J. Electrochemical approaches to the development of smart bandages: A mini-review. Electrochem commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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43
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Wilgus TA, Roy S, McDaniel JC. Neutrophils and Wound Repair: Positive Actions and Negative Reactions. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2013; 2:379-388. [PMID: 24527354 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2012.0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Neutrophils are one of the most abundant cells of the immune system and they are extremely active during the repair of cutaneous wounds. In general, the antimicrobial activity of neutrophils is effective and allows these cells to carry out their primary function of preventing wounds from becoming infected. RECENT ADVANCES It is now known that in addition to sterilizing the wound, the weapons used by neutrophils to kill potential pathogens can also cause significant tissue damage to the host. This additional damage can lead to delayed healing and excessive scar formation. CRITICAL ISSUES Much of the host damage caused by neutrophils results from the activity of proteases secreted by these cells. The clinical significance of this problem is highlighted by numerous studies showing that high levels of neutrophil-derived proteases are associated with chronic, non-healing wounds. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Studies are currently being performed to evaluate new ways of counteracting protease activity in chronic wounds. Additional studies will have to be carried out to determine whether neutralizing neutrophil proteases can improve the healing of chronic wounds without sacrificing the ability of neutrophils to eliminate pathogens and risking infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traci A. Wilgus
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sashwati Roy
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Moura LIF, Dias AMA, Carvalho E, de Sousa HC. Recent advances on the development of wound dressings for diabetic foot ulcer treatment--a review. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:7093-114. [PMID: 23542233 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a chronic, non-healing complication of diabetes that lead to high hospital costs and, in extreme cases, to amputation. Diabetic neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, abnormal cellular and cytokine/chemokine activity are among the main factors that hinder diabetic wound repair. DFUs represent a current and important challenge in the development of novel and efficient wound dressings. In general, an ideal wound dressing should provide a moist wound environment, offer protection from secondary infections, remove wound exudate and promote tissue regeneration. However, no existing dressing fulfills all the requirements associated with DFU treatment and the choice of the correct dressing depends on the wound type and stage, injury extension, patient condition and the tissues involved. Currently, there are different types of commercially available wound dressings that can be used for DFU treatment which differ on their application modes, materials, shape and on the methods employed for production. Dressing materials can include natural, modified and synthetic polymers, as well as their mixtures or combinations, processed in the form of films, foams, hydrocolloids and hydrogels. Moreover, wound dressings may be employed as medicated systems, through the delivery of healing enhancers and therapeutic substances (drugs, growth factors, peptides, stem cells and/or other bioactive substances). This work reviews the state of the art and the most recent advances in the development of wound dressings for DFU treatment. Special emphasis is given to systems employing new polymeric biomaterials, and to the latest and innovative therapeutic strategies and delivery approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liane I F Moura
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
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45
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Löffler MW, Schuster H, Bühler S, Beckert S. Wound Fluid in Diabetic Foot Ulceration. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2013; 12:113-29. [DOI: 10.1177/1534734613489989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Valid and reproducible sampling techniques as well as processing protocols are required for the assessment of biomarkers and mediators contained in wound exudate. Moreover, the ideal technique should be easy to use even in daily clinical routine. This is challenging since wound fluid represents an inhomogeneous mixture of different exogenous and endogenous sources. Analyzing wound fluid, however, may facilitate clinical decision making. Many techniques for obtaining wound fluid have been described. There is very little validation data, and the array of different techniques appears confusing. Structuring and new standards are needed to avoid wound fluid sampling yielding an “undefined soup.” A lot of wound fluid parameters have been analyzed, although none of them have made its way into clinical practice. Nevertheless, basic principles of wound healing have been established from wound fluid analysis. With adequate techniques suitable for daily practice, basic research might foster our clinical understanding of wound healing with implications for new therapies. So far, research has mainly concentrated on analyzing available sample material with respect to either a wide variety of analytes or comparing acute with chronic wound exudate. Clinical endpoints such as healing or wound infection as well as longitudinal data may indeed be more valuable for clinical practice, enabling the discovery of meaningful biomarkers using a suitable technique.
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46
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Heinzle A, Papen-Botterhuis NE, Schiffer D, Schneider KP, Binder B, Schintler M, Haaksman IK, Lenting HB, Gübitz GM, Sigl E. Novel protease-based diagnostic devices for detection of wound infection. Wound Repair Regen 2013; 21:482-9. [PMID: 23627267 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A gelatinase-based device for fast detection of wound infection was developed. Collective gelatinolytic activity in infected wounds was 23 times higher (p ≤ 0.001) than in noninfected wounds and blisters according to the clinical and microbiological description of the wounds. Enzyme activities of critical wounds showed 12-fold elevated enzyme activities compared with noninfected wounds and blisters. Upon incubation of gelatin-based devices with infected wound fluids, an incubation time of 30 minutes led to a clearly visible dye release. A 32-fold color increase was measured after 60 minutes. Both matrix metalloproteinases and elastases contributed to collective gelatinolytic enzyme activity as shown by zymography and inhibition experiments. The metalloproteinase inhibitor 1,10-phenanthroline (targeting matrix metalloproteinases) and the serine protease inhibitor phenylmethlysulfonyl fluoride (targeting human neutrophil elastase) inhibited gelatinolytic activity in infected wound fluid samples by 11-37% and 60-95%, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, both known for gelatinase production, were isolated in infected wound samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Heinzle
- Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
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47
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Sensors and imaging for wound healing: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 41:30-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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48
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Signal enhancement in polysaccharide based sensors for infections by incorporation of chemically modified laccase. N Biotechnol 2012; 29:502-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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