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Targeted germline sequencing of patients with three or more primary melanomas reveals high rate of pathogenic variants. Melanoma Res 2021; 30:247-251. [PMID: 31567591 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with multiple primary melanomas have rates of germline CDKN2A pathogenic variants of 3%-18%, and are also frequent carriers of variants in the melanocortin-1 receptor. Few patients with numerous (≥3) primary melanomas have been studied with respect to these or other potential germline pathogenic variants. We investigated 46 patients with ≥3 primary melanomas (3, n = 17; 4, n = 14; 5-14, n = 15) to determine if higher rates of germline pathogenic variants of CDKN2A, MC1R, or other cancer genes could explain their extreme melanoma phenotype. Most (43/46, 93%) patients had variants in MC1R and 11/46 (24%) had CDKN2A pathogenic variants, but only male sex and having two variants in MC1R correlated with increasing number of melanomas. Panel screening of 56 other cancer predisposition genes did not reveal other germline pathogenic variants associated with melanoma (CDK4, BAP1, POT1), although pathogenic variants in TP53, CHEK2, and BRCA2 were present in three separate patients and some patients had variants of uncertain significance. In summary, targeted germline sequencing of patients with ≥3 primary melanomas revealed a high rate of pathogenic variants in CDKN2A and other known cancer genes. Although further investigation of these pathogenic variants and variants of uncertain significance is needed, these results support cancer gene panel testing in individuals diagnosed with ≥3 melanomas.
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Reis LB, Bakos RM, Vianna FSL, Macedo GS, Jacovas VC, Ribeiro-Dos-Santos AM, Santos S, Bakos L, Ashton-Prolla P. Skin pigmentation polymorphisms associated with increased risk of melanoma in a case-control sample from southern Brazil. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1069. [PMID: 33167923 PMCID: PMC7650158 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07485-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer and is associated with environmental and genetic risk factors. It originates in melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in pigmentation genes have been described in melanoma risk modulation, but knowledge in the field is still limited. METHODS In a case-control approach (107 cases and 119 controls), we investigated the effect of four pigmentation gene SNPs (TYR rs1126809, HERC2 rs1129038, SLC24A5 rs1426654, and SLC45A2 rs16891982) on melanoma risk in individuals from southern Brazil using a multivariate logistic regression model and multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) analysis. RESULTS Two SNPs were associated with an increased risk of melanoma in a dominant model: rs1129038AA and rs1426654AA [OR = 2.094 (95% CI: 1.106-3.966), P = 2.3 10- 2 and OR = 7.126 (95% CI: 1.873-27.110), P = 4.0 10- 3, respectively]. SNP rs16891982CC was associated with a lower risk to melanoma development in a log-additive model when the allele C was inherited [OR = 0.081 (95% CI: 0.008-0.782), P = 3 10- 2]. In addition, MDR analysis showed that the combination of the rs1426654AA and rs16891982GG genotypes was associated with a higher risk for melanoma (P = 3 10- 3), with a redundant effect. CONCLUSIONS These results contribute to the current knowledge and indicate that epistatic interaction of these SNPs, with an additive or correlational effect, may be involved in modulating the risk of melanoma in individuals from a geographic region with a high incidence of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa B Reis
- Serviço de Pesquisa Experimental, Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 2350, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Renato M Bakos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Serviço de Dermatologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda S L Vianna
- Serviço de Pesquisa Experimental, Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 2350, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriel S Macedo
- Serviço de Pesquisa Experimental, Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 2350, Brazil
| | - Vanessa C Jacovas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Sidney Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Lúcio Bakos
- Serviço de Dermatologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Patricia Ashton-Prolla
- Serviço de Pesquisa Experimental, Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 2350, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Tovar-Parra JD, Gutiérrez-Castañeda LD, Gil-Quiñones SR, Nova JA, Pulido L. CDKN2A Polymorphism in Melanoma Patients in Colombian Population: A Case-Control Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7458917. [PMID: 33102592 PMCID: PMC7576359 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7458917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer, with poor prognosis in advanced stages. The incidence and mortality rates have increased in recent years. Single nucleotide polymorphisms p.R24P, p.M53I, p.G101W, p.V126D, and p.A148T in the CDKN2A (HGNC ID: 1787) gene have been associated with the development of melanoma in different populations; however, this association has not been studied in Colombia. METHODS Cutaneous melanoma patients and healthy controls (85 cases and 166 controls) were included in this study. These subjects were screened through HRM-qPCR assay and detected variants in exon 1 and 2 of CDKN2A gene and confirmed with Sanger sequencing. Chi-square test was used to compare allele and genotype distributions between cases and controls. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to determine the association between polymorphisms and haplotypes with melanoma susceptibility. Statistical and haplotype analyses were performed using Stata® and R-Studio®. RESULTS Fifty-four percent of women were identified both in cases and controls. The frequencies of melanoma subtypes were 36,47% lentigo maligna, 24,71% acral lentiginous, 23,53% superficial extension, and 15,29% nodular. Variants in the CDKN2A gene were 11.76% in cases and 8.43% in controls. The most frequent was p.A148T in 5.88% of cases and in 4.82% of controls. GGTTG haplotype showed statistically significant differences between cases and controls (p value = 0.04). CONCLUSION CDKN2A polymorphisms p.G101W, p.R24P, p.M53I, and A148T are not associated with melanoma susceptibility in the Colombian population; further studies regarding genetic interaction and additive effects between more variants are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose D. Tovar-Parra
- Hospital Universitario-Centro Dermatológico Federico Lleras Acosta, E.S.E., DC, Bogotá, Colombia 111511, Colombia
| | - Luz D. Gutiérrez-Castañeda
- Hospital Universitario-Centro Dermatológico Federico Lleras Acosta, E.S.E., DC, Bogotá, Colombia 111511, Colombia
| | - Sebastián R. Gil-Quiñones
- Hospital Universitario-Centro Dermatológico Federico Lleras Acosta, E.S.E., DC, Bogotá, Colombia 111511, Colombia
| | - Jhon A. Nova
- Hospital Universitario-Centro Dermatológico Federico Lleras Acosta, E.S.E., DC, Bogotá, Colombia 111511, Colombia
| | - Leonardo Pulido
- Hospital Universitario-Centro Dermatológico Federico Lleras Acosta, E.S.E., DC, Bogotá, Colombia 111511, Colombia
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Dika E, Patrizi A, Rossi C, Turchetti D, Miccoli S, Ferracin M, Veronesi G, Scarfì F, Lambertini M. Clinical histopathological features and CDKN2A/CDK4/MITF mutational status of patients with multiple primary melanomas from Bologna: Italy is a fascinating but complex mosaic. Ital J Dermatol Venerol 2020; 156:599-605. [PMID: 32221274 DOI: 10.23736/s2784-8671.20.06496-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of cutaneous melanoma (cM) has increased in the last decades. Germline mutations in the high-penetrance melanoma susceptibility gene CDKN2A (Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A) are associated with a younger age at diagnosis and an increased risk to develop pancreatic cancer. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with prior diagnosis of cM referring to our service from January 2005 to May 2017. The aim was to investigate the rate of multiple cMs (MPM), assessing their clinical/pathological features. Moreover, the genetic tests of patients who had undergone CDKN2A/CDKN2B, CDK4 and MITF screening were evaluated. RESULTS One hundred fifteen patients (9.26%) were diagnosed with MPMs: 70 males (60.87%) and 45 women (39.13%). 75 patients (43 males and 32 females) underwent genetic screening for germline mutations. The screening revealed that 4/75 patients (5.33%) were carriers of the non-synonymous missense variation c.442G>A (p.Ala148Thr) in CDKN2A exon 2 in heterozygosis, 3 of whom had at least one in-situ melanoma. In 1 patient (1.33%) we detected the variation c.249C>A, p.His83Gln in CDKN2A exon 2 in heterozygosis and in 1 patient (1.33%) the mutation c.952G>A (p.Glu318Lys) in MITF gene was found. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the need for a full body skin examination and a prolonged surveillance in patients affected by cM, as MPMs were detected in up to 10% of total cases in our series and synchronous lesions in 1/5. Moreover, it reflects the great variability of cM high-susceptibility genes mutational status within the Italian territory. Patients carrying c.952G>A (p.Glu318Lys) MITF mutation have a higher risk to develop a nodular cM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Dika
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Dermatology, IRCCS Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Patrizi
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Dermatology, IRCCS Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cesare Rossi
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Turchetti
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Miccoli
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Ferracin
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Veronesi
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Dermatology, IRCCS Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Scarfì
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Dermatology, IRCCS Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Lambertini
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy - .,Dermatology, IRCCS Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, Bologna, Italy
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Guyot A, Duchesne M, Robert S, Lia AS, Derouault P, Scaon E, Lemnos L, Salle H, Durand K, Labrousse F. Analysis of CDKN2A gene alterations in recurrent and non-recurrent meningioma. J Neurooncol 2019; 145:449-459. [PMID: 31729637 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03333-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Assessment of the risk of recurrence is essential to determine the therapeutic strategy of meningioma treatment. Many relapsing or aggressive meningiomas show elevated mitotic and/or Ki67 indices, reflecting cell cycle deregulation. As CDKN2A is a key tumor suppressor gene involved in cell cycle control, we investigated whether CDKN2A alterations may be involved in tumor recurrence. METHODS We carried out a comparative analysis of 17 recurrent and 13 non-recurrent meningiomas. CDKN2A single nucleotide variations (SNVs), deletions, methylation status of the promotor, and p16 expression were investigated. Results were correlated with the recurrent or non-recurrent status and clinicopathological data. RESULTS We identified a CDKN2A SNV (NM_000077, exon2, c.G442A, p.Ala148Thr) in five meningiomas that was significantly associated with recurrence (p = 0.03). This mutation, confirmed by Sanger sequencing and referenced in the COSMIC database in various cancers, has not been reported in meningioma. The presence of one of the three following CDKN2A alterations-p.(Ala148Thr) mutation, whole homozygous or heterozygous gene loss, or promotor methylation > 8%-was observed in 13 of the 17 relapsing meningiomas and was strongly associated with recurrence (p < 0.0001) and a Ki67 labeling index > 7% (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION We report an undescribed p.(Ala148Thr) CDKN2A mutation in meningioma that was only present in relapsing tumors. In our series, CDKN2A gene alterations were only found in recurrent meningiomas. However, our results need to be evaluated on a larger series to ensure that these CDKN2A alterations can be used as biomarkers of recurrence in meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Guyot
- Department of Pathology, Limoges University Hospital, 2 Avenue Martin-Luther-King, 87042, Limoges, France
| | - Mathilde Duchesne
- Department of Pathology, Limoges University Hospital, 2 Avenue Martin-Luther-King, 87042, Limoges, France
| | - Sandrine Robert
- EA 3842, CAPTuR « Contrôle de L'Activation Cellulaire, Progression Tumorale Et Résistance Thérapeutique », Faculty of Medicine, Limoges University, 2 Rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025, Limoges, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Lia
- EA 6309, MMNP « Maintenance Myélinique Et Neuropathies Périphériques », Faculty of Medicine, Limoges University, 2 Rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025, Limoges, France
| | - Paco Derouault
- EA 6309, MMNP « Maintenance Myélinique Et Neuropathies Périphériques », Faculty of Medicine, Limoges University, 2 Rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025, Limoges, France
| | - Erwan Scaon
- Bioinformatics Unit, BISCEM Platform, CBRS, University of Limoges, 2 Rue du Docteur-Marcland, 87025, Limoges, France
| | - Leslie Lemnos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Limoges University Hospital, 2 Avenue Martin-Luther-King, 87042, Limoges, France
| | - Henri Salle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Limoges University Hospital, 2 Avenue Martin-Luther-King, 87042, Limoges, France
| | - Karine Durand
- Department of Pathology, Limoges University Hospital, 2 Avenue Martin-Luther-King, 87042, Limoges, France.,EA 3842, CAPTuR « Contrôle de L'Activation Cellulaire, Progression Tumorale Et Résistance Thérapeutique », Faculty of Medicine, Limoges University, 2 Rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025, Limoges, France
| | - François Labrousse
- Department of Pathology, Limoges University Hospital, 2 Avenue Martin-Luther-King, 87042, Limoges, France. .,EA 3842, CAPTuR « Contrôle de L'Activation Cellulaire, Progression Tumorale Et Résistance Thérapeutique », Faculty of Medicine, Limoges University, 2 Rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025, Limoges, France.
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Sábato C, Bastos-Rodrigues L, Moraes DC, Friedman E, De Marco L, Resende V. Genetic Analysis of Brazilian Patients with Gallbladder Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 25:811-814. [PMID: 29552713 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0407-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sábato
- Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Alfredo Balena 190, room 114, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Brazil
| | | | - Debora Chaves Moraes
- Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Alfredo Balena 190, room 114, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Eitan Friedman
- The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Luiz De Marco
- Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Alfredo Balena 190, room 114, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Brazil.
| | - Vivian Resende
- Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Alfredo Balena 190, room 114, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Brazil
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Karagianni F, Njauw CN, Kypreou KP, Stergiopoulou A, Plaka M, Polydorou D, Chasapi V, Pappas L, Stratigos IA, Champsas G, Panagiotou P, Gogas H, Evangelou E, Tsao H, Stratigos AJ, Stefanaki I. CDKN2A/CDK4 Status in Greek Patients with Familial Melanoma and Association with Clinico-epidemiological Parameters. Acta Derm Venereol 2018; 98:862-866. [PMID: 29774366 PMCID: PMC6572781 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-2969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 5–10% of melanoma cases occur in a familial context. CDKN2A/CDK4 were the first high- penetrance melanoma genes identified. The aims of this study were to evaluate CDKN2A/CDK4 variants in Greek familial melanoma patients and to correlate the mutational status with specific clinico-epidemiological characteristics. A cross-sectional study was conducted by genotyping CDKN2A/CDK4 variants and selected MC1R polymorphisms in 52 melanoma-prone families. Descriptive statistics were calculated and comparisons were made using the X2 test, Fisher’s exact test and Student’s t-test for statistical analysis, as appropriate. CDKN2A variants were detected in 46.2% of melanoma-prone families, while a CDK4 variant was found in only one family. This study confirmed that, in the Greek population, the age at melanoma diagnosis was lower in patients carrying a variant in CDKN2A compared with wild-type patients. No statistically significant associations were found between CDKN2A mutational status and MC1R polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fani Karagianni
- 1st Department of Dermatology, Andreas Sygros Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Koulermou G, Shammas C, Vassiliou A, Kyriakides TC, Costi C, Neocleous V, Phylactou LA, Pantelidou M. CDKN2A and MC1R variants found in Cypriot patients diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma. J Genet 2017; 96:155-160. [PMID: 28360400 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-017-0742-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of genetic variants associated to cutaneous melanoma (CM) has never been determined within Cypriot melanomas. This study evaluates the frequency of variants in cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) and melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) in 32 patients diagnosed with CM. Other characteristics and risk factors were also assessed. CDKN2A p.Ala148Thr was detected in three of 32 patients, while the control group revealed no variations within CDKN2A. MC1R screening in 32 patients revealed the following variations: p.Val60Leu in 11 patients, p.Arg142His in four patients, p.Thr314Thr in one patient, p.Arg160Trp in one patient, p.Val92Met/p.Thr314Thr in one patient and p.Val92Met/p.Arg142His/p.Thr314Thr in one patient. The control group revealed only p.Val60Leu (in 10 of 45 individuals), which is frequently found in general populations. Two unrelated patients carried CDKN2A p.Ala148Thr in combination with MC1R p.Arg142His, suggesting digenic inheritance that may provide evidence of different gene variants acting synergistically to contribute for CM development. This study confirms the presence of CDKN2A and MC1R variants among Cypriot melanomas and supports existing evidence of a role for these variants in susceptibility to melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Koulermou
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Unit, Nicosia General Hospital, Nicosia 2029, Cyprus.
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Analysis of sequence variants in the 3'UTR of CDKN2A gene in melanoma patients. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2015; 19:276-9. [PMID: 26557774 PMCID: PMC4631302 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2015.54227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The 3'UTR region plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression at posttranscriptional levels. Any changes in sequence in this region can cause numerous pathologies and can also lead to tumour development. The most common changes reported in in the CDKN2A gene are the 148Ala/Thr in exon 2 and 500C>G and 540C>T in the 3'UTR region. They are suspected of having a great impact on cancer progression. Since the role of these sequence variants in the Polish population in the development of melanoma has not been confirmed, the importance of 3'UTR polymorphisms in the regulation of gene expression was tested. Material and methods First, genetic analysis in a group of 285 melanoma patients was performed and the obtained results were correlated with the clinical course of melanoma. Then vectors carrying 3'UTR sequence variants were prepared and the level expression of the reported gene was measured. Results Within this study no correlation between the presence of 148Ala/Thr polymorphism and cancer in the family was observed. There was a correlation between the presence of this polymorphism and breast cancer and melanoma in the same patient. There was no correlation between 500C>G polymorphism and tumour localisation, age of diagnosis, and type of cancer in patients’ family, but a correlation between the percentage of patients dying and the 500C>G variant was observed. Conclusion The results of functional tests indicated that the presence of polymorphism in the 3'UTR region of the CDKN2A gene resulted in changes in the level of reporter gene expression.
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Lima ASD, Stein CE, Casemiro KP, Rovere RK. Epidemiology of melanoma in the South of Brazil: study of a city in the Vale do Itajaí from 1999 to 2013. An Bras Dermatol 2015; 90:185-9. [PMID: 25830987 PMCID: PMC4371666 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20153076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous melanoma is a highly aggressive malignancy with increasing incidence
worldwide. The southern Brazilian state of Santa Catarina has one of the highest
incidence rates of melanoma in the country. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the epidemiological profile of melanoma patients in a southern city of
Brazil. METHODS a cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted, aiming to detect the clinical
and histopathological characteristics of cutaneous melanoma diagnosed in the city
of Brusque - SC, between 1999 and 2013. RESULTS A total of 213 cases in 212 individuals were studied. More than 50% of the
patients were females (p< 0.05). The trunk was the most commonly affected site
(p< 0.05), followed by the upper limbs. Nodular and superficial spreading
melanomas were the most commonly detected in histological analyses. They did not
differ statistically in frequency, but were more prevalent than other
histopathological subtypes (p< 0.05). There was no statistically significant
difference between invasive and noninvasive melanomas (p= 0.2441). Among the
invasive melanomas, those with Breslow thicknesses < 1 mm and between 1-2mm
were more prevalent (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In this study we found a higher frequency of melanomas in female patients and
patients aged over 51. The trunk was the most commonly affected site. Nodular and
superficial spreading melanomas prevailed. Among invasive melanomas, those with
Breslow thicknesses < 2 mm were the most frequent. This paper highlights the
epidemiological profile of melanoma patients in the city and may help to identify
and aid in the follow-up of those who are most likely to present the disease.
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de Ávila ALR, Krepischi ACV, Moredo LF, Aguiar TFM, da Silva FC, de Sá BCS, de Nóbrega AF, Achatz MIW, Duprat JP, Landman G, Carraro DM. Germline CDKN2A mutations in Brazilian patients of hereditary cutaneous melanoma. Fam Cancer 2014; 13:645-9. [PMID: 25023876 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-014-9736-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 10 % of all cutaneous melanoma cases occur in a familial context. The major susceptibility gene for familial melanoma is CDKN2A. In Latin America, genetic studies investigating melanoma predisposition are scarce. The aim of this work was to investigate germline CDKN2A point mutations and genomic rearrangements in a cohort of 59 Brazilian melanoma-prone patients. Screening of CDKN2A alterations was performed by sequencing and multiplex ligation probe amplification. Germline CDKN2A mutations affecting p16(INK4a) were detected in 8 unrelated probands (13.6 %), including 7 familial cases and one patient with multiple melanomas; 4 out of 8 mutation carriers met the criteria for familial melanoma and had multiple primary lesions. Although this study adds to the literature on melanoma susceptibility in Latin America, it is limited by the small size of the cohort. Our findings suggest that stringent inclusion criteria led to a substantially increased rate of CDKN2A mutation detection. This consideration should be taken into account when referring patients for genetic screening in a setting of limited budget, such as in developing countries.
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Fernandes DCRO, Santos NPC, Moraes MR, Braga ACO, Silva CA, Ribeiro-dos-Santos A, Santos S. Association of the CYP2B6 gene with anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity in a Brazilian Amazon population. Int J Infect Dis 2014; 33:28-31. [PMID: 25271170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The treatment of tuberculosis (TB) remains a challenge owing to the high incidence of drug-induced hepatotoxicity. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of two gene polymorphisms, one in the CYP2B6 (rs3745274) gene and one in the CYP3A5 (rs776746) gene, on the development of hepatotoxicity in patients treated with anti-TB drugs in a Brazilian Amazon population. METHODS TB patients who were treated with anti-TB drugs were examined for hepatotoxicity, an adverse effect that is characterized by liver damage. The genotype frequencies of the CYP2B6 and CYP3A5 genes examined in this study were assessed using RT-PCR. RESULTS Thirty-one of the 220 subjects (14.1%) included in this study developed drug-induced hepatotoxicity. The result was significant when the TT homozygous mutant of the CYP2B6 gene was analyzed with additional key variables (p=0.046; odds ratio (OR) 0.063, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.004-0.955), which may explain the hepatotoxicity results in this study. Using a univariate statistical model to associate the CYP3A5 gene A6986G polymorphism with the examined drugs, the results did not differ between samples from individuals with and without hepatotoxicity (p=0.176; OR 0.562, 95% CI 0.255-1.238). CONCLUSIONS The G516T polymorphism in the CYP2B6 gene is a key predictor of the therapeutic response to treatment in TB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Christina Ricardo Oliveira Fernandes
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, CEP 66075-970 Belém, Pará, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Ney Pereira Carneiro Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, CEP 66075-970 Belém, Pará, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Milene Raiol Moraes
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, CEP 66075-970 Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Andrea Ribeiro-dos-Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, CEP 66075-970 Belém, Pará, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Sidney Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, CEP 66075-970 Belém, Pará, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
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Bian Z, Yu Y, Yang T, Quan C, Sun W, Fu S. Effect of tumor suppressor gene cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A wild-type and A148T mutant on the cell cycle of human ovarian cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:1229-1232. [PMID: 24944698 PMCID: PMC3961237 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.1867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-base substitution may affect the function of genes. This study identified a single-base substitution of G for A in codon 148 of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A/p16) by sequencing human ovarian cancer cell line UACC-1598. As a tumor suppressor gene, the expression of CDKN2A/p16 should be strictly controlled. In order to control CDKN2A/p16 gene expression, an inducible pTUNE vector system was selected. Using recombinant DNA technology, a CDKN2A/p16-A148T and CDKN2A/p16-wild-type gene expression system was successfully constructed to investigate whether this single-base substitution affects the function of CDKN2A/p16. For the wild-type and the mutant, expression of CDKN2A/p16-green fluorescent protein fusion protein increased markedly following isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside induction, and was accompanied by significant G1 arrest in the transfected human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cell line. The inducible vectors used in this study, CDKN2A/p16-wild-type and CDKN2A/p16-A148T open reading frame, may be useful for further investigation into whether this somatic mutation could alter the function of CDKN2A/p16 as a tumor suppressor gene. In summary, CDKN2A/p16-A148T was identified in ovarian cancer cells, and this single-base substitution did not affect the ability of CDKN2A/p16 to arrest the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Bian
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Terigele Yang
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Chao Quan
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Songbin Fu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China ; Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics (Harbin Medical University), Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
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Bassoli S, Maurichi A, Rodolfo M, Casari A, Frigerio S, Pupelli G, Farnetani F, Pelosi G, Santinami M, Pellacani G. CDKN2A and MC1R variants influence dermoscopic and confocal features of benign melanocytic lesions in multiple melanoma patients. Exp Dermatol 2014; 22:411-6. [PMID: 23711066 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive diagnostic tools are effective in the histomorphological study of melanocytic lesions. The role of melanoma susceptibility genes on melanocytic nevi histopathological features is not clear. The current study aimed to correlate genetic alterations and histomorphological features of melanocytic nevi. Clinical, dermoscopic and confocal features of 34 multiple melanoma patients and 34 controls were compared. Among patients with melanoma, carriers of CDKN2A mutations and/or MC1R variants, and wild-type genes were also compared. In patients with melanoma, a lighter phototype (P = 0.051), a higher number of nevi (P < 0.01) and clinically atypical nevi (P < 0.01) were observed. At dermoscopy, these nevi showed a complex pattern (P = 0.011), atypical network (P = 0.018) and irregular pigmentation (P = 0.037); at confocal, an irregular meshwork pattern (P = 0.026) with atypical nests (P = 0.016) and an inflammatory infiltrate (P = 0.048) were observed. Among patients with melanoma genetically tested, CDKN2A G101W mutation carriers were more frequently younger (P = 0.023), with clinically atypical nevi (P = 0.050), with cytological atypia (P = 0.033) at confocal. G101W mutation and MC1R variants carriers showed hypopigmented nevi (P = 0.002) and, at confocal, roundish cells infiltrating the junction (P = 0.019). These data suggest an influence of CDKN2A mutation and MC1R variants in the development of dysplastic melanocytic lesions. Non-invasive histomorphological evaluation, together with genetic studies, improves melanoma risk identification and early diagnosis, for a patient-tailored management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bassoli
- Dermatology Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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Badenas C, Aguilera P, Puig-Butillé JA, Carrera C, Malvehy J, Puig S. Genetic counseling in melanoma. Dermatol Ther 2013; 25:397-402. [PMID: 23046018 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8019.2012.01499.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Genetic counseling may be offered to families with melanoma and to individuals with multiple melanomas to better understand the genetic susceptibility of the disease, the influence of environmental factors, the inheritance of the risk, and behavior that decreases the risk of dying from melanoma, including specific dermatological follow-up such as total body photography and digital dermoscopy. Genetic testing may be offered to those individuals with more than a 10% chance of being a carrier of a mutation. This risk varies according to the incidence of melanoma in the country and sun behavior. In countries with a low-medium incidence of melanoma, genetic testing should be offered to families with two cases of melanoma or an individual with two primary melanomas. In countries with a high incidence, families with three cases of melanoma, with two melanomas and one pancreatic adenocarcinoma, or patients with three primary melanomas, may benefit from genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Badenas
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Biochemical and Molecular Genetics Service, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic, Villarroel, Barcelona, Spain.
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Grazziotin TC, Rey MCW, Bica CG, Pinto LA, Bonamigo RR, Puig-Butille JA, Cuellar F, Puig S. Genetic variations of patients with familial or multiple melanoma in Southern Brazil. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2012; 27:e179-85. [PMID: 22621339 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04567.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with familial melanoma or multiple primary melanoma represent a high-risk population to hereditary melanoma. Mutations in susceptibility genes, such as CDKN2A, CDK4 and MC1R, have been associated with the development of melanoma. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the genotypic background of patients with familial and/or multiple melanoma in southern Brazil. METHODS This study analysed 33 cases (5 patients with multiple primary melanoma and 28 patients from families with at least two well documented cases) and 29 controls. Genomic analysis of CDKN2A and CDK4 genes by PCR-SSCP analysis and sequencing and direct sequencing of MC1R were performed in all individuals. RESULTS No functional mutations in CDKN2A or CDK4 were detected in the 62 individuals. Infrequent variants in polymorphic loci of CDKN2A gene were identified in 15 participants (24.2%) and 24/33 (72.8%) cases and 19/27 (70.4%) controls reported at least one infrequent variant in MC1R (P = 0.372). Furthermore, a non-significant tendency towards an association between melanoma risk and MC1R variants G274A and C451T and a non-significant linear tendency to the number of infrequent high-risk variants in MC1R were observed. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that in southern Brazilian population, CDKN2A or CDK4 germinal alterations may have a weaker influence than previously thought and environmental risk factors may play a central role in melanoma susceptibility. However, considering the tendency observed for gene MC1R, low-penetrance genes may be a relevant aetiological factor in southern Brazil with fair skin population and high sunlight exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Grazziotin
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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