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High ROS Production by Celecoxib and Enhanced Sensitivity for Death Ligand-Induced Apoptosis in Cutaneous SCC Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073622. [PMID: 33807213 PMCID: PMC8036359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and actinic keratosis has increased worldwide, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as celecoxib are considered for treatment. We show here strong anti-proliferative effects of celecoxib in four cSCC cell lines, while apoptosis and cell viability largely remained unaffected. Impeded apoptosis was overcome in combinations with agonistic CD95 antibody or TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), resulting in up to 60% apoptosis and almost complete loss of cell viability. Proapoptotic caspase cascades were activated, and apoptosis was suppressed by caspase inhibition. TRAIL receptor (DR5) and proapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins (Puma and Bad) were upregulated, while anti-apoptotic factors (survivin, XIAP, cFLIP, Mcl-1, and Bcl-w) were downregulated. Strongly elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) turned out as particularly characteristic for celecoxib, appearing already after 2 h. ROS production alone was not sufficient for apoptosis induction but may play a critical role in sensitizing cancer cells for apoptosis and therapy. Thus, the full therapeutic potential of celecoxib may be better used in combinations with death ligands. Furthermore, the immune response against cSCC/AK may be improved by celecoxib, and combinations with checkpoint inhibitors, recently approved for the treatment of cSCC, may be considered.
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Quiñones OG, Pierre MBR. Cutaneous Application of Celecoxib for Inflammatory and Cancer Diseases. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 19:5-16. [PMID: 29714143 DOI: 10.2174/1568009618666180430125201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and particularly selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors such as celecoxib (Cxb) are considered promising cancer chemopreventive for colon, breast, prostate, lung, and skin cancers. However, the clinical application to the prevention is limited by concerns about safety, potential to serious toxicity (mainly for healthy individuals), efficacy and optimal treatment regimen. Cxb exhibits advantages as potent antiinflammatory and gastrointestinal tolerance compared with conventional NSAID's. Recent researches suggest that dermatological formulations of Cxb are more suitable than oral administration in the treatment of cutaneous disease, including skin cancer. To date, optimism has been growing regarding the exploration of the topical application of Cxb (in the prevention of skin cancers and treatment of cutaneous inflammation) or transdermal route reducing risks of systemic side effects. OBJECTIVE This paper briefly summarizes our current knowledge of the development of the cutaneous formulations or delivery systems for Cxb as anti-inflammatory drug (for topical or transdermal application) as well its chemopreventive properties focused on skin cancer. CONCLUSION New perspectives emerge from the growing knowledge, bringing innovative techniques combining the action of Cxb with other substances or agents which act in a different way, but complementary, increasing the efficacy and minimizing toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliesia Gonzalez Quiñones
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21.941.902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Bernadete Riemma Pierre
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21.941.902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Singer K, Dettmer K, Unger P, Schönhammer G, Renner K, Peter K, Siska PJ, Berneburg M, Herr W, Oefner PJ, Karrer S, Kreutz M, Datz E. Topical Diclofenac Reprograms Metabolism and Immune Cell Infiltration in Actinic Keratosis. Front Oncol 2019; 9:605. [PMID: 31334125 PMCID: PMC6619385 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin are characterized by an altered glucose metabolism, but little is known about metabolic changes in precancerous skin lesions such as actinic keratosis (AK). Here, we studied the central carbon metabolism and immune cell infiltrate of actinic keratosis lesions before, under, and 4 weeks after treatment with topical diclofenac (Solaraze®). Methods: This study was designed as a prospective, randomized, controlled, monocentric investigation (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01935531). Myeloid and T cell infiltration was analyzed in skin biopsies from 28 patients by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, immune cell activation was determined via quantitative real-time PCR (IFN-γ, IL-10, CSF1, TGF-β, IL-6). Glucose, amino acid and Krebs' cycle metabolism was studied by mass spectrometry prior, during and after treatment with topical diclofenac. Biopsies from sun-exposed, untreated, healthy skin served as controls. Results: Increased lactate and decreased glucose levels suggested accelerated glycolysis in pre-treatment AK. Further, levels of Krebs' cycle intermediates other than citrate and amino acids were elevated. Analysis of the immune infiltrate revealed less epidermal CD1a+ cells but increased frequencies of dermal CD8+ T cells in AK. Treatment with diclofenac reduced lactate and amino acid levels in AK, especially in responding lesions, and induced an infiltration of dermal CD8+ T cells accompanied by high IFN-γ mRNA expression, suggesting improved T cell function. Discussion: Our study clearly demonstrated that not only cancers but also pre-malignant skin lesions, like AK, exhibit profound changes in metabolism, correlating with an altered immune infiltrate. Diclofenac normalizes metabolism, immune cell infiltration and function in AK lesions, suggesting a novel mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Singer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katja Dettmer
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Petra Unger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Schönhammer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Renner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Peter
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter J Siska
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mark Berneburg
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter J Oefner
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sigrid Karrer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marina Kreutz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Datz
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Thomas GJ, Herranz P, Cruz SB, Parodi A. Treatment of actinic keratosis through inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2: Potential mechanism of action of diclofenac sodium 3% in hyaluronic acid 2.5. Dermatol Ther 2019; 32:e12800. [PMID: 30523664 PMCID: PMC6767532 DOI: 10.1111/dth.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) and its metabolic product prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) are induced in response to growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, tumor promoters, activated oncogenes, and, in the skin, ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Accumulating evidence suggests a role for the COX‐2/PGE2 pathway in tumorigenesis in various tissue types including cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. There is also strong evidence for a role in the development of actinic keratoses (AKs) — common dysplastic lesions of the skin associated with UV radiation overexposure — considered as part of a continuum with skin cancer. Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) exert their anti‐inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects by reversibly or irreversibly acetylating COX isoforms, inhibiting downstream prostaglandins, and may have a chemopreventive role in malignancies, including skin cancer. Topical treatment of AK lesions with the NSAID diclofenac sodium 3% in combination with hyaluronic acid 2.5% has been shown to be effective and well tolerated, although the mechanism of action remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth J Thomas
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro Herranz
- Department of Dermatology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Aurora Parodi
- DISSAL Section of Dermatology, University of Genoa-IRCCS, AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
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Gracia-Cazaña T, González S, Gilaberte Y. Resistance of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer to Nonsurgical Treatments. Part I: Topical Treatments. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Kuang X, Wei C, Zhang T, Yang Z, Chi J, Wang L. miR-378 inhibits cell growth and enhances apoptosis in human myelodysplastic syndromes. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:1921-1930. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Gracia-Cazaña T, González S, Gilaberte Y. Resistance of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer to Nonsurgical Treatments. Part I: Topical Treatments. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2016; 107:730-739. [PMID: 27436800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of treatments is now available for nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), including 5-fluorouracil, ingenol mebutate, imiquimod, diclofenac, photodynamic therapy, methotrexate, cetuximab, vismodegib, and radiotherapy. All are associated with high clinical and histologic response rates. However, some tumors do not respond due to resistance, which may be primary or acquired. Study of the resistance processes is a broad area of research that aims to increase our understanding of the nature of each tumor and the biologic features that make it resistant, as well as to facilitate the design of new therapies directed against these tumors. In this article we review resistance to the authorized topical treatments for NMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gracia-Cazaña
- Unidad de Dermatología, Hospital de Barbastro, Barbastro, Huesca, España; Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Zaragoza, España.
| | - S González
- Servicio de Dermatología, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Nueva York, EE. UU.; Departmento de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España
| | - Y Gilaberte
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Zaragoza, España; Unidad de Dermatología, Hospital San Jorge, Huesca, España
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Ferrándiz C, Fonseca-Capdevila E, García-Diez A, Guillén-Barona C, Belinchón-Romero I, Redondo-Bellón P, Moreno-Giménez J, Senán R. Adaptación española de la Guía europea para la evaluación y tratamiento de la queratosis actínica. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Ferrándiz C, Fonseca-Capdevila E, García-Diez A, Guillén-Barona C, Belinchón-Romero I, Redondo-Bellón P, Moreno-Giménez JC, Senán R. Spanish adaptation of the European guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of actinic keratosis. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2014; 105:378-93. [PMID: 24725552 DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Current trends in our setting indicate that the prevalence of actinic keratosis and similar diseases will increase in coming years and impose a greater burden on health care resources. A long list of clinical features must be taken into account when approaching the treatment of actinic keratosis. Until recently, therapeutic approaches focused solely on ablative procedures and the treatment of individual lesions and did not take into account areas of field cancerization. Now that the therapeutic arsenal has grown, standardized criteria are needed to guide the optimal choice of treatment for each patient. The elaboration of evidence-based consensus recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of actinic keratosis generates knowledge that will help clinicians to deliver the highest level of care possible, standardizing decision-making processes and enhancing awareness among all the health professionals involved in the care pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ferrándiz
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Germans Trías i Pujol, Badalona, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - E Fonseca-Capdevila
- Servicio de Dermatología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - A García-Diez
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Guillén-Barona
- Servicio de Dermatología, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - I Belinchón-Romero
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - P Redondo-Bellón
- Servicio de Dermatología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J C Moreno-Giménez
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - R Senán
- Centro de Atención Primaria El Clot, Barcelona, Spain
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Puig-Butillé JA, Malvehy J, Potrony M, Trullas C, Garcia-García F, Dopazo J, Puig S. Role of CPI-17 in restoring skin homoeostasis in cutaneous field of cancerization: effects of topical application of a film-forming medical device containing photolyase and UV filters. Exp Dermatol 2014; 22:494-6. [PMID: 23800065 PMCID: PMC3748792 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous field of cancerization (CFC) is caused in part by the carcinogenic effect of the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers CPD and 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PPs). Photoreactivation is carried out by photolyases which specifically recognize and repair both photoproducts. The study evaluates the molecular effects of topical application of a film-forming medical device containing photolyase and UV filters on the precancerous field in AK from seven patients. Skin improvement after treatment was confirmed in all patients by histopathological and molecular assessment. A gene set analysis showed that skin recovery was associated with biological processes involved in tissue homoeostasis and cell maintenance. The CFC response was associated with over-expression of the CPI-17 gene, and a dependence on the initial expression level was observed (P = 0.001). Low CPI-17 levels were directly associated with pro-inflammatory genes such as TNF (P = 0.012) and IL-1B (P = 0.07). Our results suggest a role for CPI-17 in restoring skin homoeostasis in CFC lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Anton Puig-Butillé
- Melanoma Unit, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
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Yu B, Gong M, He Z, Wang YG, Millard RW, Ashraf M, Xu M. Enhanced mesenchymal stem cell survival induced by GATA-4 overexpression is partially mediated by regulation of the miR-15 family. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:2724-35. [PMID: 24070634 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We reported previously that pre-programming mesenchymal stem cells with the GATA-4 gene increases significantly cell survival in an ischemic environment. In this study, we tested whether regulation of microRNAs and their target proteins was associated with the cytoprotective effects of GATA-4. METHODS AND RESULTS Mesenchymal stem cells were harvested from adult rat bone marrow and transduced with GATA-4 (MSC(GATA-4)) using the murine stem cell virus retroviral expression system. Cells transfected with empty vector (MSC(Null)) were used as controls. Quantitative real-time PCR data showed that the expression levels of miR-15 family members (miR-15b, miR-16, and miR-195) were significantly down-regulated in MSC(GATA-4). The protein expression of Bcl-w (Bcl-2-like-2), an anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein, was increased in MSC(GATA-4). Hypoxic culture (low glucose and low oxygen) induced the release of lactate dehydrogenase from mesenchymal stem cells and reduced cell survival. Compared to MSC(Null), MSC(GATA-4) showed less lactate dehydrogenase release and greater cell survival following 72 h hypoxia exposure. The mitochondrial membrane potential, detected with the dye JC-1, was well maintained, and mitochondrial membrane permeability, expressed as caspase 3 and 7 activities in response to the ischemic environment was lower in MSC(GATA-4). Moreover, transfection with miR-195 significantly down-regulated Bcl-w expression in mesenchymal stem cells through a binding site in the 3'-UTR of the Bcl-w mRNA and reduced mesenchymal stem cell resistance to ischemic injury. CONCLUSIONS The overexpression of GATA-4 in mesenchymal stem cells down-regulates miR-15 family members, causing increased resistance to ischemia through the up-regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins in the Bcl-2 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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