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Phase I neoadjuvant study of intravesical recombinant fowlpox-GM-CSF (rF-GM-CSF) or fowlpox-TRICOM (rF-TRICOM) in patients with bladder carcinoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2019; 27:438-447. [PMID: 31222182 PMCID: PMC6923616 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-019-0112-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Intravesical BCG is a highly effective treatment for high-grade nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer and carcinoma in situ (CIS); however, for patients who are either resistant or become unresponsive to BCG therapy there is a need for alternative treatment approaches. This study examined the safety and feasibility of intravesically administered recombinant fowlpox virus encoding GM-CSF (Arm A) or TRICOM (Arm B); and the local and systemic immunologic responses generated to the vector(s). Twenty bladder cancer patients scheduled for cystectomy as their standard of care received preoperatively four weekly doses of intravesical recombinant fowlpox. Treatment was well tolerated, however, three patients experienced transient elevations of liver transaminases, with one rising to the level of a DLT. Cystectomy derived tumor and normal bladder mucosa demonstrated mRNA for the virally encoded LacZ gene supporting effective infection/transfection. Detected serum antibody to the LacZ encoding β-galactosidase indicated successful expression of vector-encoding gene products and the ability to immunize via the bladder site. H&E and IHC using a panel of immune cell specific antigens demonstrated immune cell infiltration of the bladder wall. These findings demonstrate good safety profile, successful infection/transfection, ability to generate systemic immune response, and local recruitment of immune cell populations with intravesical administration of fowlpox-based constructs encoding for GM-CSF(rF-GM-CSF) or TRICOM (rF-TRICOM), and support further evaluation of this treatment modality for bladder cancer.
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2
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Peres LDP, da Luz FAC, Pultz BDA, Brígido PC, de Araújo RA, Goulart LR, Silva MJB. Peptide vaccines in breast cancer: The immunological basis for clinical response. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1868-77. [PMID: 26523780 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses peptide-based vaccines in breast cancer, immune responses and clinical outcomes, which include studies on animal models and phase I, phase I/II, phase II and phase III clinical trials. Peptide-based vaccines are powerful neoadjuvant immunotherapies that can directly target proteins expressed in tumor cells, mainly tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). The most common breast cancer TAA epitopes are derived from MUC1, HER2/neu and CEA proteins. Peptides derived from TAAs could be successfully used to elicit CD8 and CD4 T cell-specific responses. Thus, choosing peptides that adapt to natural variations of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes is critical. The most attractive advantage is that the target response is more specific and less toxic than for other therapies and vaccines. Prominent studies on NeuVax - E75 (epitope for HER2/neu and GM-CSF) in breast cancer and DPX-0907 (HLA-A2-TAAs) expressed in breast cancer, ovarian and prostate cancer have shown the efficacy of peptide-based vaccines as neoadjuvant immunotherapy against cancer. Future peptide vaccine strategies, although a challenge to be applied in a broad range of breast cancers, point to the development of degenerate multi-epitope immunogens against multiple targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia de Paula Peres
- Laboratório de Osteoimunologia e Imunologia dos Tumores, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICBIM) - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Andrés Cordero da Luz
- Laboratório de Osteoimunologia e Imunologia dos Tumores, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICBIM) - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Brunna dos Anjos Pultz
- Laboratório de Osteoimunologia e Imunologia dos Tumores, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICBIM) - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Paula Cristina Brígido
- Laboratório de Tripanossomatídeos, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICBIM) - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, (INGEB), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcelo José Barbosa Silva
- Laboratório de Osteoimunologia e Imunologia dos Tumores, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICBIM) - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
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3
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Kaufman HL, Kim DW, Kim-Schulze S, DeRaffele G, Jagoda MC, Broucek JR, Zloza A. Results of a randomized phase I gene therapy clinical trial of nononcolytic fowlpox viruses encoding T cell costimulatory molecules. Hum Gene Ther 2014; 25:452-60. [PMID: 24484178 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2013.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses have shown promise as gene delivery vehicles in the treatment of cancer; however, their efficacy may be inhibited by the induction of anti-viral antibody titers. Fowlpox virus is a nonreplicating and nononcolytic vector that has been associated with lesser humoral but greater cell-mediated immunity in animal tumor models. To test whether fowlpox virus gene therapy is safe and can elicit immune responses in patients with cancer, we conducted a randomized phase I clinical trial of two recombinant fowlpox viruses encoding human B7.1 or a triad of costimulatory molecules (B7.1, ICAM-1, and LFA-3; TRICOM). Twelve patients (10 with melanoma and 2 with colon adenocarcinoma) enrolled in the trial and were randomized to rF-B7.1 or rF-TRICOM administered in a dose escalation manner (~3.7×10(7) or ~3.7×10(8) plaque-forming units) by intralesional injection every 4 weeks. The therapy was well tolerated, with only four patients experiencing grade 1 fever or injection site pain, and there were no serious adverse events. All patients developed anti-viral antibody titers after vector delivery, and posttreatment anti-carcinoembryonic antigen antibody titers were detected in the two patients with colon cancer. All patients developed CD8(+) T cell responses against fowlpox virus, but few responses against defined tumor-associated antigens were observed. This is the first clinical trial of direct (intratumoral) gene therapy with a nononcolytic fowlpox virus. Treatment was well tolerated in patients with metastatic cancer; all subjects exhibited anti-viral antibody responses, but limited tumor-specific T cell responses were detected. Nononcolytic fowlpox viruses are safe and induce limited T cell responses in patients with cancer. Further development may include prime-boost strategies using oncolytic viruses for initial priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard L Kaufman
- 1 Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University , New Brunswick, NJ 08903
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4
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Abstract
Prevention of cancer remains the most promising strategy for reducing both its incidence and the mortality due to this disease. For more than four decades, findings from epidemiology, basic research and clinical trials have informed the development of lifestyle and medical approaches to cancer prevention. These include selective oestrogen receptor modulators and aromatase inhibitors for breast cancer, the 5-α-reductase inhibitors finasteride and dutasteride for prostate cancer, and the development of vaccines for viruses that are associated with specific cancers. Future directions include genetic, proteomic and other molecular approaches for identifying pathways that are associated with cancer initiation and development, as well as refining the search for immunologically modifiable causes of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Umar
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Prevention, Gastrointestinal and Other Cancers Research Group, National Cancer Institute, Executive Plaza North 2142, 6130 Executive Boulevard, MSC 7317, Rockville, Maryland 20852-7371, USA.
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5
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Li B, Lei Z, Lichty BD, Li D, Zhang GM, Feng ZH, Wan Y, Huang B. Autophagy facilitates major histocompatibility complex class I expression induced by IFN-γ in B16 melanoma cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2010; 59:313-21. [PMID: 19680649 PMCID: PMC11029913 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-009-0752-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The reduction or loss of MHC-I antigen surface expression in human and murine tumor cells is partly attributable to the dysregulation of various components of the MHC-I antigen-processing machinery. Accumulating evidence suggests that autophagy, besides its vital role in maintaining the cellular homeostasis, plays an important role in MHC-II surface expression. Here, we report that autophagy is a negative regulator of MHC-I antigen expression in B16 melanoma cells; however, in the presence of IFN-γ, it is converted to a positive regulator. We show that autophagy not only participates in the degradation of MHC-I antigen but also plays a role in the generation of MHC-I-binding peptides. For these two processes, IFN-γ interferes with MHC-I antigen degradation, rather than affecting peptide generation. Using B16 melanoma mouse model, we further show that autophagy may enhance the cytolysis of CTL to melanoma cells at the early stage of melanoma, but impairs the cytolysis at the late stage. Such different consequences may be explained by the different levels of IFN-γ during tumor progression. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that autophagy is involved in the regulation of MHC-I antigen expression, through which autophagy can play different roles in tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhang Lei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Brain D. Lichty
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Gui-Mei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Zuo-Hua Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Wan
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, The People’s Republic of China
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6
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Zajac P. Non-replicating recombinant vaccinia virus expressing CD80 to enhance T-cell stimulation. Methods Mol Biol 2009; 514:151-162. [PMID: 19048219 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-527-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The following method describes the generation of a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing a costimulatory molecule (human CD80 or B7.1).The procedure first requires the cloning, by classical methods not described here, of the gene of interest, e.g. CD80, into a vaccinia shuttle plasmid under the control of a virus-specific promoter enabling a transcription during the early phase of infection. Flanking the insert, the plasmid contains viral sequences and a selection maker needed for the insertion into the viral genome. The successive plaque isolation of recombinant virus on cell monolayer described here is based on the transient "gpt" selection system which enables other insertions in different loci of the same virus. Finally, after verification amplification and titration of the recombinant vector, replication will be impaired by a psoralen-UV treatment in order to produce a non-replicating virus. Expression and function of inserts, following infection of cells, are verified by specific phenotypic and functional assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Zajac
- University Hospital Basel, Institute of Surgical Research and Hospital Management, Basel, Switzerland
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7
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Isbert C, Ritz JP, Roggan A, Schuppan D, Rühl M, Buhr HJ, Germer CT. Enhancement of the immune response to residual intrahepatic tumor tissue by laser-induced thermotherapy (LITT) compared to hepatic resection. Lasers Surg Med 2005; 35:284-92. [PMID: 15493028 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In contrast to hepatic resection, thermally destroyed autologous tumor cells remain in situ after laser-induced thermotherapy (LITT). The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of LITT and hepatic resection on the immune response to residual intrahepatic tumor tissue and the growth of untreated liver metastases. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Two independent adenocarcinomas (CC531) were implanted into 60 WAG rats, one in the right (control tumor) and one in the left liver lobe (treated tumor). The left lobe tumor was treated either by LITT or partial hepatectomy. The control tumor was submitted to further investigation 24 hours, 96 hours, 7 days, and 10 days after treatment. RESULTS Ten days after treatment, control tumor volumes were 296+/-46 mm_ after LITT and 1,181+/-192 mm_, 1,387+/-200 mm_ after hepatic resection and no treatment, respectively (P<0.001). Peritoneal tumor spread was detected in 4/20 cases after LITT and in 17/20 cases after hepatic resection. Expression of CD8, B7-2 (CD86), and to lesser extent MHCII, LFA1 (CD11a), and ICAM1 (CD54), was significantly enhanced at the invasion front of control tumors after LITT compared to hepatic resection. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that LITT increases the immune response against untreated intrahepatic tumor tissue, which can lead to reduced tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Isbert
- Depatment of Surgery, Klinikum Nuernberg Nord, Prof.-Ernst-Nathan-Strasse 1, D-90419 Nuernberg, Germany.
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8
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Slavin-Chiorini DC, Catalfamo M, Kudo-Saito C, Hodge JW, Schlom J, Sabzevari H. Amplification of the lytic potential of effector/memory CD8+ cells by vector-based enhancement of ICAM-1 (CD54) in target cells: implications for intratumoral vaccine therapy. Cancer Gene Ther 2004; 11:665-80. [PMID: 15354200 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated that enhanced expression of the costimulatory molecules CD80, CD54 and CD48 (designated rF-TRICOM) on target cells, as delivered via a recombinant fowlpox vector, results in an increased state of stimulation of CD8+ T cells, and consequent increased lysis of target cells. CTL studies in conjunction with antibody-blocking studies demonstrated that the enhanced effector activity of these CD8+ T cells is mediated mainly through CD54. Intracellular staining of CD8+ cells that interact with target cells infected with rF-TRICOM showed that they contain higher amounts of perforin and have a higher level of perforin message. Enhanced expression of costimulatory molecules (specifically CD54) on target cells using rF-TRICOM vectors also leads to the formation of stable conjugates/synapses between targets and T cells. The interaction of T cells with target cells that overexpress costimulatory molecules upon infection with rF-TRICOM leads to enhanced signaling through Lck, ZAP70, and STAT-1 in CD8+ T cells and heightened lytic activity of CD8+ cells through the formation of a greater number of immunological synapses. This, in turn, leads to enhanced signaling in T cells. Finally, studies were conducted in mice in which CEA is a self-antigen in an attempt to understand the potential clinical relevancy of intratumoral vaccine therapy. Mice were transplanted subcutaneously with CEA expressing tumors. Intratumoral (i.t.) vaccination was administered 8 days post tumor transplant. Mice vaccinated i.t. with rF-TRICOM demonstrated significantly reduced tumor growth and 40% of the mice had complete tumor regression. The antitumor effects were further improved by the addition of tumor antigen (CEA) in the vaccination by utilizing rF-CEA/TRICOM, with 80% of the mice experiencing complete tumor regression. These studies thus support the concept of intratumoral vaccination employing vectors expressing costimulatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale C Slavin-Chiorini
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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9
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Wiley RE, Goncharova S, Shea T, Johnson JR, Coyle AJ, Jordana M. Evaluation of inducible costimulator/B7-related protein-1 as a therapeutic target in a murine model of allergic airway inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2003; 28:722-30. [PMID: 12760969 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2002-0220oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Given its primary role in the execution of T cell, and especially Th2, effector activity, the inducible costimulator (ICOS)/B7-related protein (RP)-1 costimulatory pathway is currently being heralded as a promising therapeutic target for immune-inflammatory disorders such as asthma. This study investigates the merits of ICOS blockade in a murine model of experimental asthma in which mice are sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) through the respiratory mucosa. Intraperitoneal treatment of mice with anti-ICOS neutralizing antibody during sensitization resulted in a marked reduction in airway eosinophilia and IL-5 in bronchoalveolar lavage, but had no effect on interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, and eotaxin content in bronchoalveolar lavage or the production of OVA-specific immunoglobulin E in serum. Cultured splenocytes from mice sensitized to OVA in the context of ICOS ablation produced enhanced levels of IL-4 and IL-5 upon stimulation with OVA, and this correlated with elevated inflammation and immunoglobulin E secretion upon long-term in vivo OVA recall; the deleterious effects ICOS blockade, however, were not associated with reduced IL-10 production by splenocytes. Peculiarly, anti-ICOS intervention during OVA rechallenge had no effect on airway inflammation or immunoglobulin production, despite high levels of ICOS expression on infiltrating CD4+ T cells. This study provides in vivo evidence of an exacerbated long-term immune-inflammatory response following acute ICOS blockade, and suggests that ICOS costimulation is functionally redundant in established allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Wiley
- Division of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Centre for Gene Therapeutics, and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Hodge JW, Grosenbach DW, Schlom J. Vector-based delivery of tumor-associated antigens and T-cell co-stimulatory molecules in the induction of immune responses and anti-tumor immunity. CANCER DETECTION AND PREVENTION 2003; 26:275-91. [PMID: 12430632 DOI: 10.1016/s0361-090x(02)00095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It has now been demonstrated in both experimental models and recent clinical trials that certain "self" antigens, which are functionally non-immunogenic in the host, can become immunogenic if presented to the immune system in a certain way. Here, we describe recombinant vaccines and vaccine strategies that have been developed to induce and potentiate T-cell responses of the host to such self-antigens. These strategies include: (a) the use of recombinant poxvirus vectors in which the tumor-associated antigen (TAA) is inserted as a transgene. Recombinant vaccinia vaccines and recombinant avipox (replication-defective) vaccines have been employed to break tolerance to a self-antigen; (b) the use of diversified prime and boost strategies using different vaccines; and (c) the insertion of multiple T-cell co-stimulatory molecules into recombinant poxvirus vectors, along with the TAA gene, to enhance T-cell immune responses to the TAA and induce anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Hodge
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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11
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Bukreyev A, Belyakov IM. Expression of immunomodulating molecules by recombinant viruses: can the immunogenicity of live virus vaccines be improved? Expert Rev Vaccines 2002; 1:233-45. [PMID: 12901562 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.1.2.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Several obstacles exist for the development and use of live attenuated vaccines, including difficulty in achieving a proper balance between attenuation of viral replication and immunogenicity; inducing a strong T-helper 1 response in early life when the immune system is T helper 2 biased and immunization is sometimes associated with immunopathology and the immunosuppressive effect of maternal antibodies in infants. For some viral infections, the immune response to natural infection does not confer solid protection, complicating the task of vaccine development. The development of methods for generation of recombinant viruses provided new opportunities for improving the immunogenicity of live virus vaccine candidates, including the construction of viruses that express cytokines or other immunomodulating molecules. Depending on the choice of immunomodulating molecule, various stages of the immune response can be affected, such as antigen presentation or T-cell proliferation and differentiation. In addition to using the approach for development of viral live attenuated vaccines, it is currently being explored for the development of antitumor vaccines. For this type of vaccine, expression of tumor antigens and one or more immunomodulating molecules by one or several recombinant viruses has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bukreyev
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-8007, USA.
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12
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Abstract
Phase II immunotherapy and gene therapy studies should be pursued because of encouraging results in many phase I studies. Future testing in this field may consider modifications of some of the above-mentioned combined strategies. For instance, in the immunization and adoptive transfer studies performed by Holladay et al and by Plautz et al, the systemic adoptive transfer could be altered to intratumoral placements of effector cells. This permutation may be more efficacious because local adoptive immunotherapy approaches involve placement of effector cells where they are needed. Additionally, new avenues of gene therapy are being explored that may offer added beneficial effects for immunization, local or systemic adoptive immunotherapy, or combined chemotherapy and adoptive immunotherapy of tumors. With new genetic tools, such as microarray analyses, SEREX, and creation of cDNA libraries from tumor cells, significant progress in the treatment of neoplasms in the immunologically privileged brain should be forthcoming.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Virasch
- Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
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13
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Arrington JL, McMurray DN, Switzer KC, Fan YY, Chapkin RS. Docosahexaenoic acid suppresses function of the CD28 costimulatory membrane receptor in primary murine and Jurkat T cells. J Nutr 2001; 131:1147-53. [PMID: 11285317 DOI: 10.1093/jn/131.4.1147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been widely documented to reduce inflammation in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. This study sought to elucidate the mechanism whereby (n-3) PUFA downregulate T-cell proliferation. We hypothesized that membrane incorporation of dietary PUFA would alter membrane structure and consequently membrane receptor function. Female C57BL/6 mice were fed for 14 d one of three diets containing arachidonic acid (AA), fish oil or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) that varied in lipid composition only. Spleens were harvested and T cells ( approximately 90% purity) were activated with agonists that stimulated proliferation at the receptor level [anti-CD3 (alphaCD3)/anti-CD28 (alphaCD28)], intracellularly [phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)/ionomycin] or with a combined receptor/intracellular agonist (alphaCD3/PMA). Although there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in proliferative response across dietary groups within each agonist set, interleukin (IL)-2 secretion was significantly reduced (P = 0.05) in cells from DHA-fed mice stimulated with alphaCD3/alphaCD28. In parallel in vitro experiments, Jurkat T cells were incubated with 50 micromol/L linoleic acid, AA, or DHA. Similar agonists sets were employed, and cells incubated with DHA and AA had a significantly reduced (P < 0.05) IL-2 secretion in three of the agonist sets. However, only when the CD28 receptor was stimulated was there a significant difference (P < 0.05) between DHA and AA. The results of this study suggest the involvement of the CD28 receptor in reducing IL-2 secretion in DHA-fed mice and DHA-incubated Jurkat cells and that purified T cells from DHA-fed mice require accessory cells to modulate proliferative suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Arrington
- Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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14
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Palmer K, Hitt M, Emtage PC, Gyorffy S, Gauldie J. Combined CXC chemokine and interleukin-12 gene transfer enhances antitumor immunity. Gene Ther 2001; 8:282-90. [PMID: 11313802 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3301386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2000] [Accepted: 11/05/2000] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that intratumor administration of an adenovirus vector expressing IL-12 produces a potent T cell-mediated response that leads to significant tumor regression in a murine breast cancer model. IP-10 and MIG are CXC chemokines that recruit mononuclear cells in vivo. In addition to their chemotactic roles, IP-10 and MIG inhibit angiogenesis. We tested whether the addition of IP-10 or MIG may both enhance the antitumor immune response of IL-12 through T cell recruitment and inhibit tumor growth through angiostasis. Adenovirus vectors expressing IP-10 or MIG and/or IL-12 were administered intratumorally in a murine model of mammary adenocarcinoma and fibrosarcoma. Administration of IP-10 or MIG in combination with IL-12 resulted in considerable tumor regression and increased survival time of tumor-bearing animals as compared with IP-10, MIG, IL-12 alone or control-treated animals, with the IP-10 IL-12 combination being most effective. These results suggest augmenting the antitumor immune response and inhibiting tumor angiogenesis with adenoviral vectors expressing IP-10 in combination with IL-12 is a novel way to enhance tumor regression.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Animals
- Blotting, Northern
- CD3 Complex/analysis
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Chemokines, CXC/genetics
- Collagen
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- Drug Combinations
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Female
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/pharmacology
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Genetic Vectors/administration & dosage
- Injections, Intralesional
- Interferon-gamma/analysis
- Interleukin-12/genetics
- Interleukin-4/analysis
- Laminin
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mice, Nude
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Proteoglycans
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- K Palmer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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15
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Raiter A, Rodionov G, Novogrodsky A, Hardy B. CD4+ T lymphocytes as a primary cellular target for BAT mAb stimulation. Int Immunol 2000; 12:1623-8. [PMID: 11058582 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/12.11.1623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BAT is a monoclonal antibody (mAb) produced against membranes of a human Burkitt lymphoma cell line (Daudi) that was selected for its ability to stimulate lymphocyte proliferation. BAT manifests anti-tumor properties in mice bearing a variety of murine tumors. BAT also induced regression of human tumors inoculated into SCID mice that had been engrafted with human lymphocytes. The anti-tumor activity of BAT was related to its immune stimulatory properties. Previous data indicated that T lymphocytes and NK cells mediate in vivo the anti-tumor activity. In order to define the primary target cell for BAT stimulatory activity, the in vitro stimulatory effect of BAT on purified lymphocyte subpopulations was investigated. Human CD4(+), CD8(+) T cells and CD56(+) NK cells were purified and their in vitro response to BAT was investigated. Results indicate that BAT selectively stimulated CD4(+) cells as assessed by proliferation and secretion of IFN-gamma. FACS analysis has also revealed a selective increase in BAT antigen on CD4(+) T cells that were cultured with BAT antibody. The effector cells that mediate BAT-induced tumor eradication may, however, be distinct from those that serve as the primary cellular target of the antibody. Cytokines such as IFN-gamma that are produced by CD4(+) cells may be involved in activation of additional cell types that may be involved in tumor destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Raiter
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Sackler School of Medicine, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah-Tikva 49100, Israel
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16
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Abstract
Genetic instability and an accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes during tumor progression lead to an increasingly aggressive and treatment-resistant phenotype, and ultimately metastasis. In recent years it has become well established that angiogenesis, the process by which new vasculature is formed from pre-existing vessels, is an essential component to primary tumor growth and distant metastasis. A greater understanding of the complex multitude of factors involved in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis is fundamental to the development of potential therapeutics to treat malignant disease. As highlighted throughout this review, angiogenesis and metastasis share many common cellular and molecular features. We will briefly discuss the pertinent genes involved in the regulation of angiogenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Webb
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
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