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Pomella S, Melaiu O, Dri M, Martelli M, Gargari M, Barillari G. Effects of Angiogenic Factors on the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Their Impact on the Onset and Progression of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Overview. Cells 2024; 13:1294. [PMID: 39120324 PMCID: PMC11311310 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
High levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 and angiopoietin (ANG)-2 are found in tissues from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). As might be expected, VEGF, FGF-2, and ANG-2 overexpression parallels the development of new blood and lymphatic vessels that nourish the growing OPMDs or OSCCs and provide the latter with metastatic routes. Notably, VEGF, FGF-2, and ANG-2 are also linked to the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a trans-differentiation process that respectively promotes or exasperates the invasiveness of normal and neoplastic oral epithelial cells. Here, we have summarized published work regarding the impact that the interplay among VEGF, FGF-2, ANG-2, vessel generation, and EMT has on oral carcinogenesis. Results from the reviewed studies indicate that VEGF, FGF-2, and ANG-2 spark either protein kinase B (AKT) or mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), two signaling pathways that can promote both EMT and new vessels' formation in OPMDs and OSCCs. Since EMT and vessel generation are key to the onset and progression of OSCC, as well as to its radio- and chemo-resistance, these data encourage including AKT or MAPK inhibitors and/or antiangiogenic drugs in the treatment of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pomella
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (O.M.); (M.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Ombretta Melaiu
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (O.M.); (M.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Maria Dri
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mirko Martelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (O.M.); (M.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Marco Gargari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (O.M.); (M.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Giovanni Barillari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (O.M.); (M.M.); (M.G.)
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Sharma S, Chandra S, Gupta S, Srivastava S. Heterogeneous conceptualization of etiopathogenesis: Oral pyogenic granuloma. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2019; 10:3-7. [PMID: 31205381 PMCID: PMC6563641 DOI: 10.4103/njms.njms_55_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral pyogenic granuloma or granuloma pyogenicum is a conspicuous lesion. The word pyogenic granuloma is a misterm since the situation is not related with pus and histologically does not exemplify a granuloma. An oral pyogenic granuloma is obvious to involve the gingiva generally. Extragingivally, it can present on the buccal mucosa, lips, tongue, and palate. A report of trauma is prevalent in such sites. The pathogenesis of the lesion is still unclear, although it was initially supposed to be a botryomycosis infection. It is suggested that etiology of pyogenic granuloma was the reaction of tissues to minor injury or chronic irritation, thus open a pathway for the entrance of nonspecific microorganisms, although microorganisms are not often expressed within the lesion. Hence, this review recapitulates all diverse concepts of pathogenesis associated with this most often and most mysterious lesion of the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Sharma
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shaleen Chandra
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shalini Gupta
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacy School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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3
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Chiquet M, Katsaros C, Kletsas D. Multiple functions of gingival and mucoperiosteal fibroblasts in oral wound healing and repair. Periodontol 2000 2017; 68:21-40. [PMID: 25867977 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblasts are cells of mesenchymal origin. They are responsible for the production of most extracellular matrix in connective tissues and are essential for wound healing and repair. In recent years, it has become clear that fibroblasts from different tissues have various distinct traits. Moreover, wounds in the oral cavity heal under very special environmental conditions compared with skin wounds. Here, we reviewed the current literature on the various interconnected functions of gingival and mucoperiosteal fibroblasts during the repair of oral wounds. The MEDLINE database was searched with the following terms: (gingival OR mucoperiosteal) AND fibroblast AND (wound healing OR repair). The data gathered were used to compare oral fibroblasts with fibroblasts from other tissues in terms of their regulation and function during wound healing. Specifically, we sought answers to the following questions: (i) what is the role of oral fibroblasts in the inflammatory response in acute wounds; (ii) how do growth factors control the function of oral fibroblasts during wound healing; (iii) how do oral fibroblasts produce, remodel and interact with extracellular matrix in healing wounds; (iv) how do oral fibroblasts respond to mechanical stress; and (v) how does aging affect the fetal-like responses and functions of oral fibroblasts? The current state of research indicates that oral fibroblasts possess unique characteristics and tightly controlled specific functions in wound healing and repair. This information is essential for developing new strategies to control the intraoral wound-healing processes of the individual patient.
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Ida-Yonemochi H, Ohshiro K, Swelam W, Metwaly H, Saku T. Perlecan, a Basement Membrane-type Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan, in the Enamel Organ: Its Intraepithelial Localization in the Stellate Reticulum. J Histochem Cytochem 2016; 53:763-72. [PMID: 15928325 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.4a6479.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The localization and biosynthesis of perlecan, a basement membrane-type heparan sulfate proteoglycan, were studied in developing tooth germs by using murine molars in neonatal and postnatal stages and primary cultured cells of the enamel organ and dental papilla to demonstrate the role of perlecan in normal odontogenesis. Perlecan was immunolocalized mainly in the intercellular spaces of the enamel organ as well as in the dental papilla/pulp or in the dental follicle. By in situ hybridization, mRNA signals for perlecan core protein were intensely demonstrated in the cytoplasm of stellate reticulum cells and in dental papilla/pulp cells, including odontoblasts and fibroblastic cells in the dental follicle. Furthermore, the in vitro biosyntheses of perlecan core protein by the enamel organ and dental papilla/pulp cells were confirmed by immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The results indicate that perlecan is synthesized by the dental epithelial cells and is accumulated in their intercellular spaces to form the characteristic stellate reticulum, whose function is still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Ida-Yonemochi
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Niigata 951-8126, Japan
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5
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Bharathi DR, Sangamithra S, Arun KV, Kumar TSS. Isolated lesions of gingiva: A case series and review. Contemp Clin Dent 2016; 7:246-9. [PMID: 27307678 PMCID: PMC4906874 DOI: 10.4103/0976-237x.183053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolated lesions of gingiva arise in succession to the hyperinflammatory reactions in response to the underlying local irritants. Despite their overlapping clinical and histological features, these lesions are distinctive regarding their biological behavior. Recurrence has been reported after surgical excision because of the incomplete removal of underlying local irritants. This article describes the clinical and histological features of four localized gingival lesions, adding a note on their molecular pathogenesis and surgical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Radha Bharathi
- Department of Periodontics, Ragas Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Sangamithra
- Department of Periodontics, Ragas Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K V Arun
- Department of Periodontics, Ragas Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T S S Kumar
- Department of Periodontics, Ragas Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Vázquez-Martínez OT, González-Betancourt A, Barboza-Cerda MC, González-González SE, Lugo-Trampe Á, Welsh O, Rojas-Martínez A, Martínez-Rodríguez HG, Ocampo-Candiani J, Ortiz-López R. Human papillomavirus type 2 associated with pyogenic granuloma in patients without clinical evidence of warts. Int J Dermatol 2015; 55:745-50. [PMID: 26492599 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyogenic granuloma is a non-neoplastic lesion that frequently occurs in the skin and mucous membranes of children and pregnant women. The anatomical sites of pyogenic granulomas overlap with those of wart infections caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). OBJECTIVE This study assessed the presence of HPV DNA in pyogenic granuloma samples by polymerase chain reaction. METHODS Eighteen pyogenic granuloma biopsies from patients without a clinical history or evidence of verruca in the studied area were tested for the presence of the HPV genome. The presence of HPV DNA was screened by three independent polymerase chain reaction reactions using standard consensus primer sets targeted to the L1 or E1 consensus regions of HPV genome. The HPV DNA-positive samples were genotyped using methodologies enabling the identification of up to 30 HPVs, including oncogenic, nononcogenic, and cutaneous viral types. RESULTS The HPV DNA was detected in 44.4% (eight of 18) of the samples, with HPV-2 being the only type in the eight HPV DNA-positive samples. Contamination with HPV-2 sequences throughout the entire process was reliably eliminated. CONCLUSION This report is the first to suggest an association between HPV-2 and pyogenic granuloma. This relationship is similar to that observed between HPV-2 and nongenital warts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo T Vázquez-Martínez
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Anajulia González-Betancourt
- Laboratorio Integrativo en Biología Molecular y Celular. Centro de Investigaciones Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - María Carmen Barboza-Cerda
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica y Citopatología, Hospital Universitario "José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud (CIDICS), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Sergio E González-González
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Ángel Lugo-Trampe
- Centro Mesoamericano de Estudios en Salud Pública y Desastres (CEMESAD), Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas (UNACH), Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Oliverio Welsh
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Augusto Rojas-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud (CIDICS), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Herminia G Martínez-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Jorge Ocampo-Candiani
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Rocío Ortiz-López
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud (CIDICS), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
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7
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Kamal R, Dahiya P, Goyal N, Kumar M, Sharma N, Saini HR. Mast cells and oral pathologies: A Review. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2015; 6:35-9. [PMID: 25810632 PMCID: PMC4367065 DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.149075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are resident cells of several types of tissues and contain many granules rich in histamine and heparin. They are distributed preferentially about the micro-vascular endothelial cells in the oral mucosa. These cells play a key role in the inflammatory process and thus their number has been found to be altered in various oral pathological conditions such as oral pyogenic granuloma, oral lichen planus, leukoplakia, oral squamous cell carcinoma, periapical cysts etc. The present review article is aimed to describe the alteration in the number of MCs along with their probable roles in these pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reet Kamal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Himachal Pradesh Government Dental College, Shimla, India
| | - Parveen Dahiya
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Himachal Institute of Dental Sciences, Paonta Sahib, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Niti Goyal
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Himachal Institute of Dental Sciences, Paonta Sahib, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Himachal Institute of Dental Sciences, Paonta Sahib, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Neeta Sharma
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Himachal Pradesh Government Dental College, Shimla, India
| | - Hans Raj Saini
- Departmrent of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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8
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Maruyama S, Itagaki M, Ida-Yonemochi H, Kubota T, Yamazaki M, Abé T, Yoshie H, Cheng J, Saku T. Perlecan-enriched intercellular space of junctional epithelium provides primary infrastructure for leukocyte migration through squamous epithelial cells. Histochem Cell Biol 2014; 142:297-305. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-014-1198-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Andrikopoulou M, Chatzistamou I, Gkilas H, Vilaras G, Sklavounou A. Assessment of angiogenic markers and female sex hormone receptors in pregnancy tumor of the gingiva. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 71:1376-81. [PMID: 23623199 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oral pregnancy tumors (OPTs) arise on the inflamed gingiva of women after the first trimester of pregnancy. The expression of angiogenic markers and female hormone receptors was assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors and the expression of angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and hypoxia inducible factors 1α and 3α (HIF1α and HIF3α). Experimental groups included 9 OPTs, 10 oral pyogenic granulomas from nonpregnant women of the same age, and 9 oral pyogenic granulomas from postmenopausal women. RESULTS VEGF expression in stromal histiocytes and endothelial cells of small vessels was positively correlated in the OPT group (P < .05 by χ(2) test). VEGF receptor also was overexpressed in stromal histiocytes and endothelial cells of OPTs compared with oral pyogenic granulomas from nonpregnant and postmenopausal women (P < .005 by χ(2) test). No correlation was detected among estrogen and progesterone receptors, FGF and HIF1α and HIF3α (ER and PgR respectively) in the 3 experimental groups. CONCLUSIONS VEGF-associated angiogenesis is most likely involved in the pathogenesis of the lesion. These results imply that local inhibition of VEGF activity could be an adjuvant therapeutic approach for OPTs to control hemorrhage, which can be massive at the surgical excision of such lesions during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Andrikopoulou
- Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School of Athens, Athens, Greece
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10
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Kamal R, Dahiya P, Puri A. Oral pyogenic granuloma: Various concepts of etiopathogenesis. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2012; 16:79-82. [PMID: 22434943 PMCID: PMC3303528 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.92978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyogenic granuloma or granuloma pyogenicum is a well-known oral lesion. The name pyogenic granuloma is a misnomer since the condition is not associated with pus and does not represent a granuloma histologically. Pyogenic granuloma of the oral cavity is known to involve the gingiva commonly. Extragingivally, it can occur on the lips, tongue, buccal mucosa, palate, and the like. A history of trauma is common in such sites. The etiology of the lesion is not known, though it was originally believed to be a botryomycotic infection. It is theorized that pyogenic granuloma possibly originates as a response of tissues to minor trauma and/or chronic irritation, thus opening a pathway for invasion of nonspecific microorganisms, although microorganisms are seldom demonstrated within the lesion. Pathogenesis of pyogenic granuloma is still debatable. Medline and PubMed databases were searched under the following key terms: Pathogenesis of oral pyogenic granuloma, pyogenic granuloma, and oral pyogenic granuloma. This search was limited to articles on human/animal studies which were published in English language. After reviewing the searched articles, the relevant articles were selected for the present review. Through this article, we have tried to summarize and present all the concepts of pathogenesis related to this most common and most mysterious oral lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reet Kamal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, HPGDC, Shimla Himachal Pradesh, India
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11
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Rama TA, Côrte-Real I, Gomes PS, Escribano L, Fernandes MH. Mastocytosis: oral implications of a rare disease. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 40:441-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.00996.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T A Rama
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Biocompatibilidade Celular, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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12
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Vassilopoulos SI, Tosios KI, Panis VG, Vrotsos JA. Endothelial cells of oral pyogenic granulomas express eNOS and CD105/endoglin: an immunohistochemical study. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 40:345-51. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.00969.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Comparison of mast cells count in oral reactive lesions. Pathol Res Pract 2010; 206:151-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2009.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Revised: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Tilakaratne WM, Kobayashi T, Ida-Yonemochi H, Swelam W, Yamazaki M, Mikami T, Alvarado CG, Shahidul AM, Maruyama S, Cheng J, Saku T. Matrix metalloproteinase 7 and perlecan in oral epithelial dysplasia and carcinoma in situ: an aid for histopathologic recognition of their cell proliferation centers. J Oral Pathol Med 2009; 38:348-55. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2009.00750.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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15
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Angiogenesis and Pathology in the Oral Cavity. Angiogenesis 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-71518-6_45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Nakagishi Y, Morimoto Y, Fujita M, Ozeki Y, Maehara T, Kikuchi M. Accumulation of Photofrin in Lesions of Airway Stenosis Rabbit Models. Photochem Photobiol 2007; 83:1220-5. [PMID: 17880518 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00148.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Airway stenosis in childhood is resistant to conventional treatments. Endoscope-assisted photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a potent candidate for the therapeutic modality owing to the easy approach to the tracheal lesion and low degree of invasiveness. The aim of the present study was to examine whether a photosensitizer preferentially accumulates in the lesion of airway stenosis in order to explore the possible applicability of PDT. The tracheal mucosa of rabbits was scraped off, and the rabbits were intravenously administered with Photofrin. The tissue concentration of Photofrin was quantitatively measured by fluorometric analysis. Granulation formation was seen in the mucosa-deprived lesion, causing airway stenosis. Photofrin concentration in the granulation tissue was four-fold higher than that in the intact trachea and 10-fold higher than that in the liver, spleen, skin and muscle. Photofrin preferentially accumulated in the lesion of airway stenosis. A preliminary experiment on PDT using transtracheal illumination showed an amelioration of airway stenosis, resulting in reduction in respiratory stridor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Nakagishi
- Department of Medical Engineering, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.
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17
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Abstract
Toothbrushing exposes epithelia and other tissues of the oral cavity to mechanical stress. Here, we investigated whether brushing induces cell wounding--plasma membrane disruption--in epithelial and other cell types in the oral cavity. Brushing of the gingivae and tongues of rats resulted in a striking increase in the number of cells positive for a marker of disruption injury. These cells included those in all strata of the gingival epithelium, and in the skeletal muscle of the tongue. Additionally, we found that brushing resulted in an increase in c-fos expression by junctional epithelial and skeletal muscle cells. Epithelial barrier function, however, was not overtly affected by brushing, despite the observed individual injuries to cells. We concluded that brushing disrupts cell plasma membrane barriers in the oral cavity and activates gene expression events that may lead to local adaptive changes in tissue architecture beneficial to gingival health.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Amano
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912-2000, USA
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18
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Ida-Yonemochi H, Saku T. Perlecan, a Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan, Is a Major Constituent of the Intraepithelial Stroma Functioning in Tooth Morphogenesis. J Oral Biosci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1349-0079(06)80006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Utsunomiya H, Tilakaratne WM, Oshiro K, Maruyama S, Suzuki M, Ida-Yonemochi H, Cheng J, Saku T. Extracellular matrix remodeling in oral submucous fibrosis: its stage-specific modes revealed by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. J Oral Pathol Med 2005; 34:498-507. [PMID: 16091118 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2005.00339.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chewing habit-related pre-cancerous condition of the oral mucosa affecting predominantly south Asians. It is histopathologically characterized by epithelial atrophy and fibrosis of the subepithelial connective tissue. Fibrosis extends all the way into the muscle layer, leading to difficulty in mouth opening. However, the dynamics of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling with OSF progression is largely unknown. METHODS Forty biopsy specimens of OSF and 10 of normal buccal mucosa were examined for expression/deposition modes of eight ECM molecules by histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization. RESULTS In the early stage of OSF, tenascin, perlecan, fibronectin, collagen type III were characteristically enhanced in the lamina propria and the submucosal layer. In the intermediate stage, the ECM molecules mentioned above and elastin were extensively and irregularly deposited around muscle fibers. In the advanced stage, such ECM depositions decreased and were entirely replaced with collagen type I only. Their gene expression levels varied with progression of fibrosis, but the mRNA signals were confirmed in fibroblasts in the submucosal fibrotic areas. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that the ECM remodeling steps in OSF are similar to each phase of usual granulation tissue formation. Restricted mouth opening may be a result of loss of variety of ECM molecules including elastin into the homogeneity of collagen type I replacing muscle fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Utsunomiya
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
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Ida-Yonemochi H, Ishibashi O, Sakai H, Saku T. Recruitment of osteoclasts in the mandible of osteopetrotic (op/op) mice. Eur J Oral Sci 2004; 112:148-55. [PMID: 15056112 DOI: 10.1111/j.0909-8836.2004.00109.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts in osteopetrotic (op/op) mice are substantially reduced by the absence of functional activities of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). However, it is known that osteoclasts appear in op/op skeletal bones with aging, although the molecular mechanism for this is unknown. In order to investigate osteoclastic recruitment in the jaw bones of op/op mice, osteoclastic distribution was analysed for 2 yr after birth by histochemistry for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity and immunohistochemistry for cathepsin K. Osteoclasts in op/op mandibular bones decreased rapidly in number after birth and disappeared by 3 d, although there was no difference in the osteoclastic distribution between op/op and normal littermates at birth. At 2 wk, osteoclasts began to reappear around op/op tooth germs, where no apparent connective tissue layer intervened between tooth germs and bone trabeculae. They increased in number and were scattered over the mandible, reaching a maximum at 8 wk, when periodontal ligament-like structures were recognizable around incisor germs. Osteoclasts then again decreased gradually, and after 62 wk few osteoclasts were seen in op/op mandibular bones, whose marrow space disappeared. These findings suggest that osteoclasts are recruited in an M-CSF-independent manner in op/op mandibles, especially in areas around tooth germs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Ida-Yonemochi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Komesu MC, Cavenaghi FM, Sala di Matteo MA, Dekker NP, Moraes EADS. Long-term effect of early protein/calorie malnutrition on bFGF availability in rat skin. Nutr Res 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0271-5317(03)00160-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ohtaké S, Cheng J, Ida H, Suzuki M, Ohshiro K, Zhang W, Saku T. Precancerous foci in pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary gland: recognition of focal carcinoma and atypical tumor cells by P53 immunohistochemistry. J Oral Pathol Med 2002; 31:590-7. [PMID: 12406304 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0714.2002.00040.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is still controversial if atypical tumor cells scattered in salivary pleomorphic adenomas are precancerous and how carcinoma arises in pleomorphic adenomas. METHODS We studied clinicopathologically the frequency and variation of cellular atypia among tumor cells and examined the expression status of p53 gene products as well as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in 101 surgical materials of pleomorphic adenomas. RESULTS Histopathologically, atypical tumor cells were found in 51% of the cases examined. Their mode of distribution was classified into three groups: focal (six cases, 6%) which could be identified as focal carcinoma, measuring less than 1 mm in diameter; sporadic (15 cases, 15%) and singular (30 cases, 30%). These atypical cells were located mainly within sheet-like nests of tumor cells but not in chondroid or fibro-hyaline foci. Immunohistochemically, most of the atypical cells were positive for p53 gene products and PCNA. CONCLUSION The results indicated that atypical cells with p53 protein accumulation in their nuclei could be regarded as cells in a precancerous state not yet forming an apparent carcinomatous nest. Some cell population with these atypical cells are likely to form focal carcinomas and then to an apparent form of carcinoma in pleomorphic adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Ohtaké
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
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Yuan K, Wing LYC, Lin MT. Pathogenetic roles of angiogenic factors in pyogenic granulomas in pregnancy are modulated by female sex hormones. J Periodontol 2002; 73:701-8. [PMID: 12146528 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2002.73.7.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An abundance of microvessels is the major phenotype of pyogenic granuloma, which has been considered a hormone-related lesion based on clinical observations. Although angiogenic factors and inflammatory cytokines have been implied to play roles in the pathogenesis of pyogenic granuloma, their links to female steroid hormones still remain to be elucidated. Since apoptosis is important in limiting inflammation, we also investigated whether steroid hormones could protect granuloma cells from apoptosis and, therefore, lead to overreactive inflammatory response. METHODS We employed immunoassays in a series of experiments, including human pyogenic granuloma in pregnancy, mouse air pouch granuloma and U937 (monoblastoid) cells in culture to clarify the relationship among vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-1 beta and female steroid hormones in granuloma formation. The apoptotic rates were analyzed in vivo and in vitro by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine 5-triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) and flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS Both in human and animal studies, the immunoassays (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay [ELISA] and immunohistochemistry) detected significantly more VEGF and bFGF and less TNF-alpha in hormones than the control group, while TUNEL assay revealed less apoptotic cells in groups with pregnancy levels of hormones. In vitro, progesterone enhanced the expression of VEGF in LPS-treated U937 cells. Both estrogen and progesterone inhibited the apoptosis of U937 cells triggered by exogenous TNF-a CONCLUSIONS Female steroid hormones may have dual effects on the pathogenesis of pyogenic granuloma in pregnancy. The hormones not only enhance the expression of angiogenic factors in inflamed tissue, but also decrease apoptosis of granuloma cells to extend angiogenic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Yuan
- Department of Dentistry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
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Ta TV, Baraniak D, Julian J, Korostoff J, Carson DD, Farach-Carson MC. Heparan sulfate interacting protein (HIP/L29) negatively regulates growth responses to basic fibroblast growth factor in gingival fibroblasts. J Dent Res 2002; 81:247-52. [PMID: 12097308 DOI: 10.1177/154405910208100405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) modulates gingival growth, and its release from heparan sulfate (HS) in the extracellular matrix (ECM) governs local tissue bioavailability. We identified a heparin/HS interacting protein (HIP/L29) that recognizes specific HS sequences. We hypothesize that HIP/L29, by modulating the interactions of bFGF with HS chains on proteoglycans, could regulate bFGF bioavailability. To investigate interactions between bFGF and HIP/L29, we isolated and cultured fibroblasts from normal gingiva and overgrown gingiva from patients on cyclosporine (CSA). bFGF significantly stimulated gingival fibroblast proliferation with or without heparin. Recombinant human HIP/L29 dramatically decreased bFGF-induced proliferation, but did not alter responses to insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Analysis of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation patterns showed that bFGF stimulation of p44 (Erk-1), but not p42 (Erk-2), also was inhibited by HIP/L29 in a dose-dependent manner. Together, these results support our hypothesis that HIP/L29 modulates the bioavailability and action of bFGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-V Ta
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark 19716, USA
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Yuan K, Jin YT, Lin MT. The detection and comparison of angiogenesis-associated factors in pyogenic granuloma by immunohistochemistry. J Periodontol 2000; 71:701-9. [PMID: 10872949 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2000.71.5.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyogenic granuloma is a benign inflammatory lesion demonstrating obvious activity of angiogenesis. Female steroid hormones are believed to play important roles in the etiology because the lesion is frequently found in females with high levels of sex hormones. Few molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis have been proposed and proven. The purpose of this study was to detect and compare the expression of angiogenesis-associated factors among healthy gingiva, gingiva from periodontitis, and pyogenic granuloma to clarify the pathogenesis of pyogenic granuloma. METHODS Fifteen specimens were collected from each of 3 groups of gingiva (healthy gingiva, periodontitis, and pyogenic granuloma). The subjects were age and gender matched. The specimens were processed for immunohistochemistry to detect and compare the expression of 2 angiogenesis enhancers, i.e., vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), 2 angiogenesis inhibitors, i.e., angiostatin and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), and estrogen receptor (ER). Using the subject as the unit of statistical analysis, either analysis of variance or chi-square analysis was employed to show the statistically significant difference at a level P <0.05. RESULTS The pyogenic granuloma group expressed significantly more VEGF and bFGF than healthy gingiva and periodontitis. The positive staining of VEGF was mostly localized in the cytoplasm of macrophages and fibroblasts while that of bFGF was in the extracellular matrix of lamina propria. Angiostatin was expressed significantly less in pyogenic granuloma than the other 2 groups and was mostly localized in the nuclei of endothelial cells and epithelial cells. There was no significant difference in the expression of TSP-1 and ER among the 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS The results of this research suggest that the etiology of pyogenic granuloma is due to the imbalance between angiogenesis enhancers and inhibitors. Whether and how the angiogenesis-associated factors are regulated by female steroid hormones remain to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yuan
- Dental Department, National Cheng-Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
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Artuc M, Hermes B, Steckelings UM, Grützkau A, Henz BM. Mast cells and their mediators in cutaneous wound healing--active participants or innocent bystanders? Exp Dermatol 1999; 8:1-16. [PMID: 10206716 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.1999.tb00342.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells are traditionally viewed as effector cells of immediate type hypersensitivity reactions. There is, however, a growing body of evidence that the cells might play an important role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and repair. We here present our own data and those from the literature elucidating the possible role of mast cells during wound healing. Studies on the fate of mast cells in scars of varying ages suggest that these cells degranulate during wounding, with a marked decrease of chymase-positive cells, although the total number of cells does not decrease, based on SCF-receptor staining. Mast cells contain a plethora of preformed mediators like heparin, histamine, tryptase, chymase, VEGF and TNF-alpha which, on release during the initial stages of wound healing, affect bleeding and subsequent coagulation and acute inflammation. Various additional vasoactive and chemotactic, rapidly generated mediators (C3a, C5a, LTB4, LTC4, PAF) will contribute to these processes, whereas mast cell-derived proinflammatory and growth promoting peptide mediators (VEGF, FGF-2, PDGF, TGF-beta, NGF, IL-4, IL-8) contribute to neoangiogenesis, fibrinogenesis or re-epithelization during the repair process. The increasing number of tryptase-positive mast cells in older scars suggest that these cells continue to be exposed to specific chemotactic, growth- and differentiation-promoting factors throughout the process of tissue remodelling. All these data indicate that mast cells contribute in a major way to wound healing. their role as potential initiators of or as contributors to this process, compared to other cell types, will however have to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Artuc
- Department of Dermatology, Charité-Virchow Clinic, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
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Okuda K, Murata M, Sugimoto M, Saito Y, Kabasawa Y, Yoshie H, Saku T, Hara K. TGF-beta1 influences early gingival wound healing in rats: an immunohistochemical evaluation of stromal remodelling by extracellular matrix molecules and PCNA. J Oral Pathol Med 1998; 27:463-9. [PMID: 9831957 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1998.tb01913.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The effect of topically applied transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) on the rat gingival wound healing process after flap surgery was evaluated by immunohistochemistry for extracellular matrix molecules (ECM), such as tenascin, heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) and type IV collagen, and for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in fibroblasts. TGF-beta1 solution was applied to the surgical wound experimental sites. Two microg/microl were applied at the time of the operation, and 1 microg/microl at days 1 and 2 after surgery, with contralateral control sites receiving the vehicle alone. Periodontal tissues were histologically examined at 3 and 7 days post-surgery. Tenascin was found to be more strongly stained in the granulation tissue from experimental sites at 3 days post-surgery. At 7 days postsurgery, HSPG-positive areas in granulation tissue had become smaller and there was a prominent proliferation of PCNA-positive fibroblast-like cells and type IV collagen-positive blood vessels. These results suggest that TGF-beta1 applied to surgical wounds influences early proliferation of gingival fibroblast-like cells, the formation of blood vessels, and ECM remodelling. In conclusion, TGF-beta1 application appears to promote granulation tissue formation in periodontal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Okuda
- Department of Periodontology, Niigata University School of Dentistry, Japan
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