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Louredo BVR, de Lima-Souza RA, Pérez-de-Oliveira ME, Warnakulasuriya S, Kerr AR, Kowalski LP, Hunter KD, Prado-Ribeiro AC, Vargas PA, Santos-Silva ARD. Reported physical examination methods for screening of oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders: a systematic review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2024; 137:136-152. [PMID: 37989648 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to describe the method followed during physical examination and the anatomical structures of the head and neck assessed in screening for oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). STUDY DESIGN An extensive literature search was carried out using MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, LILACS, Web of Science, Cochrane databases, and gray literature. The risk of bias was available in all papers included. RESULTS Of 9,688 records identified, 27 were included in this review, reporting data from 356,250 individuals screened and distributed across 11 countries. Most of these (n = 19) were based on 1 round of screening conducted by a dental professional or other health care workers. Most screening programs included visual inspection and palpation of the lips, oral cavity, and the most visible oropharyngeal sites, but the descriptions reported were imprecise. Additional inspection and palpation of the neck (submental, submandibular, cervical, and supraclavicular regions) to assess for the presence of swellings and any palpable neck nodes were also performed in 15 programs. CONCLUSION In conclusion, there was considerable heterogeneity in the method of physical examination in screening programs for oral cancer and OPMDs among the included studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reydson Alcides de Lima-Souza
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Saman Warnakulasuriya
- The WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer and Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander Ross Kerr
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Radiology & Medicine, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luiz Paulo Kowalski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Keith David Hunter
- Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ana Carolina Prado-Ribeiro
- Dental Oncology Service, São Paulo State Cancer Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil; Oral Medicine Service, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pablo Agustin Vargas
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Alan Roger Dos Santos-Silva
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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Sumithrarachchi S, Athukorala I, Rumy F, Jayasinghe R. Prevalence of tobacco and areca-nut use among patients attending dental teaching hospital in the central province of Sri Lanka and its association with oral mucosal lesions; a cross sectional study. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2024; 14:39-43. [PMID: 38179108 PMCID: PMC10764264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tobacco and areca-nut are risk factors for oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders. Oral cancer is ranked as the commonest among males in Sri Lanka (18.4 %). This research aims to determine the prevalence of tobacco and areca-nut use and its association with oral lesions. Method It is a cross-sectional study using 368 patients attending the Dental Diagnostic Clinic. Details of tobacco and areca-nut use were collected and participants were examined for mucosal lesions. Results It revealed that 23.9 % had tobacco use. Out of these, 41.1 %, 22.2 % and 36.7 % had smokeless-tobacco use, smoking and both, respectively. Similarly, 25.3 % had areca-nut/betel-quid use and majority (72.8 %) added tobacco to it. Tobacco (93.2 %) and areca-nut (79.6 %) use was higher among males (p < 0.05). Significant associations of areca-nut use with age (p = 0.001) and education level (p = 0.025) were noted. Oral lesions like de-pigmentation, white patches, ulcers, growths and oral sub-mucous fibrosis (OSF) had prevalences of 2.4 % each. Prevalence of pigmentation, lobulated tongue and erosive lesions was 10.6 %, 4.6 % and 1.4 %, respectively. 32.6 % had abnormalities like linea-alba, periodontal problems, pericoronitis and hairy tongue. The study revealed that >90 % of those who used tobacco and areca-nut had oral lesions (p < 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of tobacco and areca-nut use is high among patients attending the Dental Teaching Hospital, and its association with mucosal lesions is significant. Hence regular awareness programs on the adverse effects of tobacco and areca-nut use should be carried out at the Diagnostic clinic as a preventive measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumali Sumithrarachchi
- Centre for Research in Oral Cancer, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Isuru Athukorala
- Centre for Research in Oral Cancer, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Fazly Rumy
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Ruwan Jayasinghe
- Centre for Research in Oral Cancer and Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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Zhang C, Li B, Zeng X, Hu X, Hua H. The global prevalence of oral leukoplakia: a systematic review and meta-analysis from 1996 to 2022. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:645. [PMID: 37670255 PMCID: PMC10481497 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03342-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral leukoplakia(OLK) is a common oral potentially malignant disorder. The global prevalence of solely OLK was published in 2003, while the prevalence varied among different studies. In recent years, large-scale summary and definition-related analyses obtain insufficient attention. This study aimed to perform a systematic review of prevalence studies of oral leukoplakia and assess predisposing factors of its occurrence. METHODS The search terms ("Oral leukoplakia" OR OLK OR leukoplakia) AND (prevalence OR incidence OR epidemiology) were searched in databases (Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science) for OLK studies published from January 1996 until December 2022. The estimated prevalence calculation and risk of bias analysis used STATA 16.0. RESULTS We obtained 69 studies, including 1,263,028 participants, from 28 countries, and 6 continents. The prevalence was 1.39%, varying from 0.12 to 33.33%. The overall pooled estimated prevalence of OLK was 2.23% for population-based studies, 1.36% for clinic-based population studies, and 9.10% for specific populations. The pooled prevalence in different continents ranged from 0.33 to 11.74% with a statistical difference in the population-based calculation. The estimated prevalence of OLK was higher in males than in females. Those who smoked and consumed alcohol had a higher prevalence than those who did not. CONCLUSION Combining data from 69 published studies, the prevalence of OLK was determined as 1.39% and the pooling estimated global prevalence was 3.41%. The prevalence was relatively consistent and stable across different continents and different definitions. A higher pooled estimated prevalence was found among males, those aged over 60 years old, smokers, and alcohol consumers. The results from the included studies in this systematic review revealed that the prevalence was relatively consistent and stable across various definitions and continents, which may help in developing global treatment and prevention strategies for oral leukoplakia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Zhang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for DentalMaterials, Haidian District, No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingjie Li
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for DentalMaterials, Haidian District, No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiamei Zeng
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Stomatological Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - XiaoSheng Hu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for DentalMaterials, Haidian District, No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong Hua
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for DentalMaterials, Haidian District, No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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Amarasinghe H, Rathnapriya M, Abeysundara A, Jayaweera S, Jayathilake A, Jayasinghe R. Assessment of the oral cancer control activities through care seeking behavior of hospital attendees and their level of awareness. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2021; 11:536-540. [PMID: 34377662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is the most common cancer among males in the Sri Lankan population. The aim of this study was to assess the health seeking behaviors and associated factors for OPMD. A hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among Out Patients Department attendees of the Institute of Oral Health, Maharagama, from July 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019 by administering a questionnaire followed by an intra oral examination. The total number of 110 OPMD/oral cancer patients were identified. Awareness on OPMD was that 40 %. Majority were unaware of the danger of areca nut and alcohol use. Out of the identified cases during oral examination, 47.3 % were incidental findings while only 7.3 % were referred by the General Medical Practitioners (GMP). None were referred by the Primary Health Care (PHC) staff. The level of awareness on OPMD and its risk factors were very low. Incidental findings during the dental screening being the main mode of detection of OPMD, highlights the importance of conducting opportunistic screening at dental settings. Implementation of the Risk Factor Model (RFM) approach for the early detection of oral cancer through PHC staff and GMP is validated to encourage more early referrals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ruwan Jayasinghe
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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Evaluation of a social marketing campaign for the early detection of oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer: Sri Lankan experience. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2021; 11:204-208. [PMID: 33665068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The present study evaluated a national social marketing campaign (SMC) conducted in 2008, with the ultimate aim of improving control of oral cancer in Sri Lanka. The approach was based on our published Risk Factor Model (RFM). Methods Social marketing tools were developed to educate the public on the major risk factors for oral cancer. A cross-sectional community-based cluster survey was carried out in 2013 by interviewing 491 citizens >25 years of age to assess any improvements to the level of disease awareness in the community. Changes in the number of case presentations were obtained from registrations at Government Hospital Dental Clinics (GHDC) from the year 2008-2015. Results A random sample of 491 members of the public was interviewed in 2013. Most (93%) were aware of oral cancer; but only 45.4% of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD). Statistically significant improvements were observed on awareness of oral cancer and OPMD and of the risk factors for oral cancer. A marked increase in the detection of oral leukoplakia and of oral cancer occurred in the GHDC surveillance system in the years 2012 and 2013, at the time the SMC campaign was implemented. Conclusion The improvement in public awareness of oral cancer and of its major risk factors, and the changed public behavior seen in the increased attendance at healthcare facilities for mouth examination, may be attributed, at least in part, to our SMC. Such Risk Factor-based approaches to social marketing are proposed for control of oral cancer.
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Khani Jeihooni A, Afzali Harsini P. The Effect of an Educational Intervention Based on PRECEDE Model on Oral Cancer Prevention Behaviors in Hookah Users. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2020; 35:1250-1260. [PMID: 31359373 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-019-01591-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Educational intervention about oral cancer prevention is essential for all people, especially in hookah users. The aim of this study is investigating the effect of an educational intervention based on PRECEDE model on oral cancer prevention in hookah users living in Fasa, Fars Province, Iran, in 2017-2018. In this quasi-experimental study, 360 hookah users were selected and divided into experimental and control groups (180 subjects for each group). Educational intervention was performed for experimental group in 12 sessions. A questionnaire consisting of items evaluating demographic information and PRECEDE model constructs (knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, enabling factors, and reinforcing factors) was used to measure oral cancer prevention behaviors and nicotine dependency of subjects before and 6 months after intervention. Obtained data were analyzed by SPSS-22 software through paired t test, independent t test, and chi-square test at significance level of P < 0.05. Six months after intervention, experimental group showed significant increase in knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, enabling factors, reinforcing factors, oral cancer prevention behaviors, and reduction of nicotine dependency compared with control group. This study showed the efficiency of educational intervention based on PRECEDE model in adoption of oral cancer prevention behaviors and reduction of nicotine dependency of hookah users 6 months after intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khani Jeihooni
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa Ibn Sina square, Fasa, 7461686688, Iran.
| | - Pooyan Afzali Harsini
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Abstract
Background: Few traditions in South Asia have the antiquity and universal acceptance of betel quid and areca nut chewing. Its popularity dates back to ancient times in the South-Asian community with a foundation based on four factors, i.e. social acceptability, religious beliefs, perceived health benefits and addiction. We aim to provide an overview of its use in the South Asian region. Methods: We performed an electronic search on Medline, Embase and Google Scholar to identify the origins of the various betel quid and areca nut practices pertaining to the South Asian region along with their social and cultural influences. We also studied the prevalence across the region and the health effects, especially carcinogenic, along with the impact of diverse immigration today. Results: Other than the debate of where it originates, there is a diverse plethora of terms and methods of use of areca nut and betel quid in the region. Although established as a known carcinogen, the incidence is high, especially in the Indian subcontinent, with very few studies focusing on its use alone (without tobacco). The effect of globalization and increased movement of Asians across borders is resulting in changes in the patterns of diseases as well due to wider dissemination of areca nut and betel quid use. Conclusions: There is a huge loss of lives due to the addiction that areca nut causes. Governments need to tightly regulate the laws and set up tailored programs to tackle this specific issue in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Singh
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, India
| | - Rajesh Dikshit
- Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, India
| | - Pankaj Chaturvedi
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, India
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Shrestha AD, Vedsted P, Kallestrup P, Neupane D. Prevalence and incidence of oral cancer in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2019; 29:e13207. [PMID: 31820851 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral cancer is common cancer in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with a low five-year survival rate. It is among the four most common types of cancer in South East Asia region. In South-Central Asia, lip and oral cavity cancer is the second most common cancer according to the specific cancer types. METHODS This scoping review intended to investigate published studies on the current prevalence and incidence of oral cancer in LMICs. The review was conducted applying the search words "Oral Cancer" and "Mouth neoplasm" as the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) major topic and "Epidemiology" and ("prevalence" OR "incidence") as the MeSH subheading; the search was supplemented by cross-references. Included studies met the following criteria: original studies, reporting of prevalence or incidence rates, population-based studies, studies in English language and studies involving humans. RESULTS The sample sizes ranged from 486 to 101,761 with 213,572 persons included. Buccal mucosa is one of the most common sites of oral cancer, associated with the widespread exposure to chewing tobacco. The incidence is likely to rise in the region where gutkha, pan masala, pan-tobacco and various other forms of chewing tobacco are popular. CONCLUSION This review contributes to useful information on prevalence and incidence estimates of oral cancer in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamod D Shrestha
- Center for Global Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.,COBIN, Nepal Development Society, Bharatpur, Nepal
| | - Peter Vedsted
- Research Unit for General Practice, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Per Kallestrup
- Center for Global Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Dinesh Neupane
- COBIN, Nepal Development Society, Bharatpur, Nepal.,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Bhat PK, Kumar A, Aruna CN, Badiyani BK, Jayachandra MY. Assessment of oral mucosal conditions among beedi workers residing in beedi workers colonies in Karnataka, India. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2019; 22:298-302. [PMID: 30651670 PMCID: PMC6306609 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_140_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Beedi workers are an important part of our society. Due to their occupation of beedi making, they face different types of health hazards. This study was undertaken to assess the oral mucosal conditions among beedi workers residing in beedi workers' colonies in Karnataka. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 700 beedi workers in the age group of 18–60 years residing in five beedi workers' colonies in Karnataka. The information was recorded regarding personal history by personal interview by the investigator. The clinical examination was done using WHO 1997 “Oral Health Assessment Form.” Significance is assessed at 5% level of significance. Results: It was found that 26.9% of study population had different oral mucosal lesions. Interpretation and Conclusion: The present study showed that oral mucosal conditions of beedi workers residing in beedi workers' colonies in Karnataka were relatively poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma K Bhat
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sirjng Dental College and Hospital, Laheriasarai, Bihar, India
| | - C N Aruna
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhumika Kamal Badiyani
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sirjng Dental College and Hospital, Laheriasarai, Bihar, India
| | - M Y Jayachandra
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Amarasinghe AAHK, Usgodaarachchi US, Johnson NW, Warnakulasuriya S. High Prevalence of Lifestyle Factors Attributable for Oral Cancer, and of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders in Rural
Sri Lanka. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:2485-2492. [PMID: 30256041 PMCID: PMC6249476 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.9.2485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral Cancer is a major public health problem in most of the South East Asian countries including Sri Lanka. Use of tobacco in the form of smokeless tobacco and smoking, use of alcohol and betel quid chewing are the major contributory factors for causation oral cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of lifestyle factors responsible for causation of oral cancer and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMD) in the Sabaragamuwa province of Sri Lanka. Methods: A cross-sectional community based study was conducted in Sabaragamuwa province by interviewing, then conducting an oral examination, on 1029 subjects over 30 years of age, over a one year period from November 2006. The study protocol included an interviewer-administered questionnaire to gather socio-demographic factors, recording of habits that included areca/betel chewing, smoking, and alcohol consumption. A three-day food diary was obtained, particularly to assess the consumption of tea, fruits and vegetables. The weight and height of residents was taken for calculation of Body Mass Index (BMI). Results: One hundred and two individuals with one or more OPMD were detected among these 1029 subjects. The prevalence of OPMD, weighted according to the estate sector and gender, was estimated as 11.3%. The prevalence of daily betel quid chewing in this study was 53.8%: 15.7% without tobacco and 47.4% with tobacco. The prevalence of individuals who reported consumption of alcohol at least weekly was 13.4%. A significant minority, 31.7%, were under nourished, with a BMI < 18.5. Forty six percent of the males practiced combined habits of betel quid chewing, smoking and regular use of alcohol. Conclusions: This study discloses high prevalence of OPMD and of lifestyle factors for oral cancer in these communities. There is an urgent need for a comprehensive strategy to control the use of tobacco, betel quid chewing and alcohol for prevention of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A H K Amarasinghe
- Institute of Oral Health, Maharagama, Sri Lanka.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, QLD 4222, Australia.
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Chher T, Hak S, Kallarakkal TG, Durward C, Ramanathan A, Ghani WMN, Razak IA, Harun MH, Ashar NAM, Rajandram RK, Prak P, Hussaini HM, Zain RB. Prevalence of oral cancer, oral potentially malignant disorders and other oral mucosal lesions in Cambodia. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2018; 23:1-15. [PMID: 27781495 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2016.1246431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To obtain data on the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions (OMLs) among Cambodians, and to assess the relationship between known risk habits of oral diseases with prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). DESIGN This was a population-based, cross-sectional study whereby subjects were adults aged 18 years old and above. A workshop on the identification of OML was held to train and calibrate dental officers prior to data collection in the field. Sociodemographic and risk habits data were collected via face-to-face interview, whilst presence of OML and clinical details of lesions such as type and site were collected following clinical oral examination by the examiners. Data analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 12.0. The association between risk habits and risk of OPMD was explored using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 1634 subjects were recruited. Prevalence of OML for this population was 54.1%. Linea alba was the most common lesion seen (28.7%). This study showed an overall OPMD prevalence of 5.6%. The most common type of OPMD was leukoplakia (64.8%), followed by lichen planus (30.8%). Subjects who only smoked were found to have an increased risk for OPMD of almost four-fold (RR 3.74, 95%CI 1.89-7.41). The highest risk was found for betel quid chewers, where the increased risk observed was more than six times (RR 6.75, 95%CI 3.32-13.72). Alcohol consumption on its own did not seem to confer an increased risk for OPMD, however when practiced concurrently with smoking, a significant risk of more than five times was noted (RR 5.69 95%CI 3.14-10.29). CONCLUSION The prevalence of OML was 54.1%, with linea alba being the most commonly occurring lesion. Smoking, alcohol consumption and betel quid chewing were found to be associated with the prevalence of OPMD, which was 5.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tepirou Chher
- a Department of Preventive Medicine , Oral Health Bureau, Ministry of Health , Phnom Penh , Cambodia
| | - Sithan Hak
- a Department of Preventive Medicine , Oral Health Bureau, Ministry of Health , Phnom Penh , Cambodia
| | - Thomas George Kallarakkal
- b Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
- c Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Callum Durward
- d Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Puthisastra , Phnom Penh , Cambodia
| | - Anand Ramanathan
- b Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
- c Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Wan Maria Nabillah Ghani
- c Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Ishak Abdul Razak
- c Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
- e Department of Community Oral Health & Clinical Prevention , Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Masitah Hayati Harun
- f Department of Oral Medicine & Oral Pathology , School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia , Kubang Kerian , Malaysia
| | - Nor Atika Md Ashar
- g Department of Clinical Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Rama Krsna Rajandram
- h Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Pisethraingsey Prak
- a Department of Preventive Medicine , Oral Health Bureau, Ministry of Health , Phnom Penh , Cambodia
| | - Haizal Mohd Hussaini
- i Department of Oral Diagnostic & Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry , University of Otago , New Zealand
| | - Rosnah Binti Zain
- b Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
- c Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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Al-Maweri SA, Al-Jamaei A, Saini R, Laronde DM, Sharhan A. White oral mucosal lesions among the Yemeni population and their relation to local oral habits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 9:e12305. [PMID: 29178288 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of white oral mucosal lesions among Yemeni adults; in particular, those who chew khat and tobacco. METHODS The present cross-sectional study included 1052 dental patients aged 15 years and older. A detailed oral examination was performed by a single examiner in accordance with standard international criteria. RESULTS Overall, 25.2% of the study participants presented with one or more white lesions. The most prevalent lesions were khat-induced white lesion (8.8%), leukoedema (5.1%), and frictional keratosis (3.9%). Potentially malignant lesions, such as lichen planus, leukoplakia, and smokeless tobacco-induced lesions, were seen in 2.4%, 1.2%, and 1.7% of participants, respectively. Moreover, three cases of oral cancer were identified. The presence of white lesions was found to be significantly associated with advanced age (P = .004), male gender (P = .009), and khat/tobacco chewing habits (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates a high prevalence of oral benign and potentially malignant white lesions. Further, it highlights the urgent need to develop and implement new government policies to regulate the sale of these products to reduce the prevalence of these lesions and the overall incidence of oral cancers in the Yemeni population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadeq A Al-Maweri
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Al-Farabi Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Oral Medicine, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Aisha Al-Jamaei
- Department of Oral Medicine, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Rajan Saini
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Denise M Laronde
- Department of Oral and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Amany Sharhan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
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Haron N, Zain RB, Nabillah WM, Saleh A, Kallarakkal TG, Ramanathan A, Sinon SHM, Razak IA, Cheong SC. Mobile Phone Imaging in Low Resource Settings for Early Detection of Oral Cancer and Concordance with Clinical Oral Examination. Telemed J E Health 2017; 23:192-199. [DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2016.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nabihah Haron
- Outreach Team, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Rosnah Binti Zain
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Maria Nabillah
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amyza Saleh
- Outreach Team, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Thomas George Kallarakkal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anand Ramanathan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suraya Hani Mohd Sinon
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ishak Abdul Razak
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Community Oral Health & Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sok Ching Cheong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Oral Cancer Research Team, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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Kadashetti V, Shivakumar KM, Chaudhary M, Patil S, Gawande M, Hande A. Influence of risk factors on patients suffering from potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer: A case-control study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2017; 21:455-456. [PMID: 29391728 PMCID: PMC5763876 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_236_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tobacco use can alone lead to death worldwide, especially in developing and underdeveloped countries. China and Brazil are the world's largest producer of tobacco. India holds the third place in producing, and it is the fourth largest consumer of tobacco and its products in the world. Objectives: A case–control study was carried out to assess the influence of risk factors on patients with potentially malignant disorders (PMD) and oral cancer. Materials and Methods: Fifty cases diagnosed with PMD and oral cancer patients were selected for the study. An equal number 50 healthy controls who were also selected after age and gender matching. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the suspected risk factors for PMD and oral cancers. Chi-square test, Adjusted odd's ratios with 95% confidence interval were also used for the statistical analysis. Results: There is a statistically significant difference between the different age group, duration, frequency, exposure time, and synergistic effect of tobacco chewing, smoking and alcohol drinking. Conclusions: Chewing tobacco is one of the major risk factors in the initiation of PMD which can lead to oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Kadashetti
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - K M Shivakumar
- Public Health Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Minal Chaudhary
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Swati Patil
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Madhuri Gawande
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Alka Hande
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
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Debnath KC, Uddin MS, Goswami S, Herrera-Ca O, Kabir MT, Hasan MF, Lucky KN, Khanum S, Abdel-Daim MM. Impact of Tobacco Smoking, Betel Quid Chewing and Alcohol Consumption Habits in Patients with Oral Cavity Cancer in Bangladesh. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/jms.2017.46.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Khan Z, Khan S, Christianson L, Rehman S, Ekwunife O, Samkange-Zeeb F. Smokeless Tobacco and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders in South Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Nicotine Tob Res 2016; 20:12-21. [DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Krishna A, Singh RK, Singh S, Verma P, Pal US, Tiwari S. Demographic risk factors, affected anatomical sites and clinicopathological profile for oral squamous cell carcinoma in a north Indian population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:6755-60. [PMID: 25169521 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.16.6755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cancer is a common form of cancer in India, particularly among men. About 95% are squamous cell carcinomas. Tobacco along with alcohol are regarded as the major risk factors. OBJECTIVES (i) To determine associations of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with respect to gender, age group, socioeconomic status and risk habits; (ii) To observe the distribution of affected oral anatomical sites and clinico-pathological profile in OSCC patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is an unmatched case-control study during period January 2012 to December 2013. Total of 471 confirmed OSCC patients and 556 control subjects were enrolled. Data on socio-demography, risk habits with duration and medical history were recorded. RESULTS There were significant associations between OSCC with middle age (41-50years; unadjusted OR=1.63, 95%CI=1.05-2.52, p=0.02) (51-60 years; unadjusted OR=1.79, 95%CI=1.15-2.79, p=0.009) and male subjects (unadjusted OR=2.49, 95%CI=1.89-3.27, p=0.0001). Cases with both habits of tobacco chewing and smoking were at a higher risk for OSCC than tobacco chewing alone (unadjusted OR=0.52, 95%CI=0.38-0.72, p=0.0001), duration of risk habits also emerged as a responsible factor for the development of carcinoma. The majority of patients were presented in well-differentiated carcinomas (39.9%). Prevalence of advance stages (TNM stage III, IV) was 23.4% and 18.3% respectively. The buccal mucosa was the most common (35.5%) affected oral site. CONCLUSIONS In most Asian countries, especially India, there is an important need to initiate the national level public awareness programs to control and prevent oral cancer by screening for early diagnosis and support a tobacco free environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh Krishna
- Department of Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India E-mail :
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Abstract
PURPOSES The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of opium in causing oral cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eighty patients and 80 selected matched controls who were referred to the ear-nose-throat department of an academic hospital were included in this study between October 2008 and September 2010. In addition to demographic data, information regarding alcohol, tobacco, and opium use was documented in the subjects. Finally, the effect of each risk factor was assessed. RESULTS There was no significant difference in patient demographics between the 2 groups. Smoking (P = 0.042) and poor oral hygiene (P = 0.016) significantly correlated with cancer. Finally, opium addiction showed a significant relationship with oral cavity cancer with an odds ratio of 4 (95% confidence interval, 1.2-13.6). CONCLUSION Opium use is among the possible risk factors for oral cancer.
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Gunasekera SK, Perera KA, Fernando C, Udagama PV. A shifting paradigm in the aetiology of oral and pharyngeal cancer in Sri Lanka: a case-control study providing serologic evidence for the role of oncogenic HPV types 16 and 18. Infect Agent Cancer 2015; 10:12. [PMID: 25908938 PMCID: PMC4407420 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-015-0007-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oral and pharyngeal cancer (OPC) of multifactorial aetiology is a major health problem globally. Ranking first in all cancers, OPC poses a significant impact on the Sri Lankan male population. As Human Papillomavirus (HPV) high risk (HR) types are found to be significant risk factors for OPC globally, the current study was undertaken to examine the association between HR-HPV16 and 18 types with OPC in Sri Lanka. Materials and methods Serum samples of 78 OPC patients and 51 non-cancer controls were assayed for the presence of anti-HPV16 and anti-HPV18 IgG antibodies using in-house established Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISAs). The association between OPC and its risk factors i.e. HPV, smoking, alcohol, betel quid, poor dentition, was established using Chi-square test. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR), adjusted for the influence of other risk factors. Results This prototype study in Sri Lanka showed a significant risk of 15 fold in developing OPC due to HPV16/18 seropositivity after removing variability due to other factors. Oncogenic HPV18 showed a higher rate of seropositivity being detected in 32% of OPC patients, and also in 2% of non-cancer control subjects. HR-HPV16 was detected in 23% of OPC patients and in 5.88% of controls. Moreover, seven OPC patients were detected with both anti-HPV16 and anti-HPV18 antibodies. According to the logistic regression models HPV18 seropositivity was associated with a 28 fold risk in developing OPC while that of HPV16 was associated with a 6 fold increase in risk for the development of OPC. A 5 fold risk of developing OPC was also pronounced among smokers while alcohol, betel and poor dentition was not significantly associated with OPC. Statistically significant differences with regard to age, gender, smoking, alcohol, betel use, poor dentition and site specificity of the tumour was not observed between HPV seropositive and seronegative OPC patients. Conclusions Both in-house developed ELISAs detected significant proportions of HPV seropositives within the OPC study population suggestive of HPV as a strong risk factor for oral and pharyngeal carcinogenesis in Sri Lanka.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Preethi Vidya Udagama
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka
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Krishna Rao SV, Mejia G, Roberts-Thomson K, Logan R. Epidemiology of oral cancer in Asia in the past decade--an update (2000-2012). Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 14:5567-77. [PMID: 24289546 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.10.5567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of oral cancers (OC) is high in Asian countries, especially in South and Southeast Asia. Asian distinct cultural practices such as betel-quid chewing, and varying patterns of tobacco and alcohol use are important risk factors that predispose to cancer of the oral cavity. The aim of this review is to provide an update on epidemiology of OC between 2000 and 2012. A literature search for this review was conducted on Medline for articles on OC from Asian countries. Some of the articles were also hand searched using Google. High incidence rates were reported from developing nations like India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Taiwan and Sri Lanka. While an increasing trend has been observed in Pakistan, Taiwan and Thailand, a decreasing trend is seen in Philippines and Sri Lanka. The mean age of occurrence of cancer in different parts of oral cavity is usually between 51-55 years in most countries. The tongue is the leading site among oral cancers in India. The next most common sites in Asian countries include the buccal mucosa and gingiva. The 5 year survival rate has been low for OC, despite improvements in diagnosis and treatment. Tobacco chewing, smoking and alcohol are the main reasons for the increasing incidence rates. Low socioeconomic status and diet low in nutritional value lacking vegetables and fruits contribute towards the risk. In addition, viral infections, such as HPV and poor oral hygiene, are other important risk factors. Hence, it is important to control OC by screening for early diagnosis and controlling tobacco and alcohol use. It is also necessary to have cancer surveillance at the national-level to collect and utilise data for cancer prevention and control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sree Vidya Krishna Rao
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia E-mail :
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Reddy MGS, Kakodkar PV, Singh A. Tobacco use, Body Mass Index, and Potentially Malignant Disorders Among petrol fillers in Pimpri-Pune (India): A descriptive study. South Asian J Cancer 2014; 3:196-9. [PMID: 25422802 PMCID: PMC4236694 DOI: 10.4103/2278-330x.142954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Since petrol is combustible and smoking is banned at the petrol pumps, it may be predicted that use of smokeless tobacco is more prevalent among the petrol fillers. Also, smokeless tobacco is a major risk factor for developing oral potentially malignant disorders. The present study was conducted to determine the tobacco use, body mass index (BMI), and potentially malignant disorders among a cohort of petrol fillers and also to evaluate the interaction of tobacco use and BMI with the presence of potentially malignant disorders. Settings and Design: The study was conducted at 45 petrol stations located at Pimpri-Pune, India. A descriptive study design was used. Materials and Method: Four hundred and ten petrol fillers aged 17-64 years participated in the study. General information and tobacco history was obtained by interview. Height and weight were recorded to obtain BMI. Oral examination was conducted to identify the potentially malignant disorders. Statistical analysis: Chi-square test, Z test, and logistic regression were used. The level of significance was fixed at 5%. Results and Conclusions: It was found that 242 (59.02%) used tobacco in different forms. 77.68% were tobacco chewers, and 8.26% were smokers. Leukoplakia was prevalent among 68.47%, oral submucous fibrosis among 27.45%, and 5.08% had erythroplakia. Age (χ2 = 11.46, P < 0.05), duration (χ2 = 17.46, P < 0.05), and frequency of tobacco chewing (χ2 = 14.16, P < 0.05) were significantly associated with potentially malignant disorders. Tobacco chewing was more prevalent as compared to smoking. It can be concluded that the petrol fillers are at a high risk for developing oral potentially malignant disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamatha G S Reddy
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil University's, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Pimpri, India
| | - Pradnya V Kakodkar
- Medilinkers Research Consultancy. Department of Public Health Dentistry, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Akanksha Singh
- Dental Student, Dr. D. Y. Patil University's, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Pimpri, India
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Vohra F, Al-Kheraif AA, Qadri T, Hassan MIA, Ahmed A, Warnakulasuriya S, Javed F. Efficacy of photodynamic therapy in the management of oral premalignant lesions. A systematic review. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2014; 12:150-9. [PMID: 25315968 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to systematically review the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the management of oral premalignant lesions. METHODS The addressed focused question was "Is PDT effective in the management of oral premalignant lesions?" PubMed/Medline, Google-Scholar, EMBASE and ISI Web of Knowledge databases were searched from 1984 till June 2014 using different combinations of the following keywords: photodynamic therapy; oral premalignant lesions; leukoplakia; erythroplakia; erythro-leukoplakia; verrucous hyperplasia; and submucous fibrosis. Review articles, experimental studies, case-reports, commentaries, letters to the Editor, unpublished articles and articles published in languages other than English were not sought. The pattern of the present study was customized to mainly summarize the relevant information. RESULTS Thirteen studies were included. In these studies, the number of patients ranged between 5 patients and 147 individuals with mean ages ranging between 51 years and 62.2 years. Oral premalignant lesions, which were investigated were leukoplakia, erythroplakia, erythro-leukoplakia and verrucous hyperplasia. Reported number of premalignant lesions ranged between 5 and 225. Laser wavelength, duration of irradiation and power density were 585-660nm, 60s to 16.6min and 100-150mW/cm(2), respectively. Aminolevulinic acid, chlorine-e6, meta-tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin and photofrin were used as photosensitizer. The frequency of PDT application ranged between once and 12 times. Complete, partial and no response to PDT was shown by 27-100%, 5-50% and 0-25% of pre-malignant lesions, respectively. The recurrence rate of pre-malignant lesions was up to 36%. CONCLUSION PDT is effective in the overall management of oral premalignant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahim Vohra
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Al-Kheraif
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11541, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talat Qadri
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Asma Ahmed
- Department of Laser Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Dentistry, Lifecare Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saman Warnakulasuriya
- Department of Oral Medicine, King's College London and WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer and Precancer, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fawad Javed
- Division of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
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The use of buccal fat pad in the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis: a newer method. Int J Dent 2012; 2012:935135. [PMID: 22666254 PMCID: PMC3362129 DOI: 10.1155/2012/935135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose of the study. This study was to evaluate the use of buccal fat pad as an interpositioning material in surgical management of oral sub mucous fibrosis. Materials and methods. A series of 8 cases with proven oral sub mucous fibrosis, with mouth opening less than 20 mm, involving the buccal mucosa were treated surgically in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dental Surgery, Saveetha University, Chennai. Pedicled buccal fat pad was used as an interpositioning material to cover the raw areas in the oral cavity after incision and release of fibrous bands. Results. In 8 patients, the range of pre operative mouth opening was 3–18 mm (mean 14 mm). As the result of the successful surgical procedure, the size of the intra operative mouth opening was ranged from 25–38 mm (mean 33.25 mm). The patients were discharged 5–7 days after the operation. The range of the mouth opening at this time was 25–36 mm (mean 30.63 mm). The results were evaluated using student's t test and found to be statistically significant. The pedicled grafts took up uneventfull.
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Petti S, Mohd M, Scully C. Revisiting the association between alcohol drinking and oral cancer in nonsmoking and betel quid non-chewing individuals. Cancer Epidemiol 2012; 36:e1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2011.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Lee CH, Ko AMS, Warnakulasuriya S, Ling TY, Sunarjo, Rajapakse PS, Zain RB, Ibrahim SO, Zhang SS, Wu HJ, Liu L, Kuntoro, Utomo B, Warusavithana SA, Razak IA, Abdullah N, Shrestha P, Shieh TY, Yen CF, Ko YC. Population burden of betel quid abuse and its relation to oral premalignant disorders in South, Southeast, and East Asia: an Asian Betel-quid Consortium Study. Am J Public Health 2012; 102:e17-24. [PMID: 22390524 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2011.300521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the population burden of betel quid abuse and its related impact on oral premalignant disorders (OPDs) in South, Southeast, and East Asia. METHODS The Asian Betel-Quid Consortium conducted a multistage sampling of 8922 representative participants from Taiwan, Mainland China, Malaysia, Indonesia, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. Participants received an interviewer-administered survey and were examined for oral mucosal disorders. RESULTS The prevalence of betel quid abuse was 0.8% to 46.3% across 6 Asian populations. The abuse frequency was over 40.5% for current chewers, with the highest proportion in Nepalese and Southeast Asian chewers (76.9%-99.6%). Tobacco-added betel quid conferred higher abuse rates (74.4%-99.6%) among Malaysian, Indonesian, and Sri Lankan men than did tobacco-free betel quid (21.8%-89.1%). Gender, lower education level, younger age at chewing initiation, and clustering of familial betel quid use significantly contributed to higher abuse rates. Indonesian betel quid abusers showed the highest prevalence of OPDs and had a greater risk of OPDs than did nonabusers. CONCLUSIONS Betel quid abuse is high in regions of Asia where it is customarily practiced, and such abuse correlates highly with OPDs. By recognizing abuse-associated factors, health policies and preventive frameworks can be effectively constructed to combat these oral preneoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hung Lee
- Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Woo SB. Diseases of the oral mucosa. MCKEE'S PATHOLOGY OF THE SKIN 2012:362-436. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-5649-2.00011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Ariyawardana A, Warnakulasuriya S. Declining oral cancer rates in Sri Lanka: are we winning the war after being at the top of the cancer league table? Oral Dis 2011; 17:636-41. [PMID: 21762396 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01809.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the age-standardized incidence, demography, recent trends and patterns of incidence of oral cancer in Sri Lanka between 1985 and 2005. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data on oral and oropharyngeal cancers were obtained from the published hospital-based cancer registry reports in the years 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, and 2005. The data were analyzed by gender, age (<40 or >40 years), and by site. A linear regression analysis was performed on the age-standardized oral and oropharyngeal cancer incidence rates to examine the trends over a 20-year period. RESULTS There was a steady decline in the age-standardized incidence of lip and oral cavity cancers over the past 20 years in both men and women. A significant reduction of 1.9% per year is noted over this period. Contrary to this, cancers of the oropharynx (C09, C10, and C14) showed a slight increase over the same period. CONCLUSIONS Reversal of betel quid use and smoking must be considered in accounting for declining trends for oral cancer. Increasing rates of oropharyngeal cancer raises the issue whether risk factors for the oropharynx are different to those of the oral cavity, and this may need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ariyawardana
- Faculty of Dental Sciences, Department of Oral Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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Sitheeque M, Ariyawardana A, Jayasinghe R, Tilakaratne W. Depigmentation of oral mucosa as the earliest possible manifestation of oral submucous fibrosis in Sri Lankan preschool children. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 1:156-9. [PMID: 25427274 DOI: 10.1111/j.2041-1626.2010.00021.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This article reports the presentation of oral submucous fibrosis in five Sri Lankan preschool children, aged 2-3 years, with loss of pigmentation of the lips as the sole clinical feature. Oral submucous fibrosis has not been reported in this age group of children. The five 2-3 year olds did not display any classical features of oral submucous fibrosis, due to the disease having been detected at a very early stage. The present study attempts to establish that depigmentation of the lips and oral mucosa is perhaps the earliest feature to develop in the natural history of oral submucous fibrosis. The differential diagnosis of oral mucosal depigmentation relevant to these cases is also discussed. Previously-reported cases of oral submucous fibrosis in children are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaideen Sitheeque
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
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Oo HN, Myint YY, Maung CN, Oo PS, Cheng J, Maruyama S, Yamazaki M, Yagi M, Sawair FA, Saku T. Oral cancer in Myanmar: a preliminary survey based on hospital-based cancer registries. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 40:20-6. [PMID: 20819123 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.00938.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of oral cancer is not clearly known in Myanmar, where betel quid chewing habits are widely spread. Since betel quid chewing has been considered to be one of the important causative factors for oral cancer, the circumstantial situation for oral cancer should be investigated in this country. We surveyed oral cancer cases as well as whole body cancers from two cancer registries from Yangon and Mandalay cities, both of which have representative referral hospitals in Myanmar, and we showed that oral cancer stood at the 6th position in males and 10th in females, contributing to 3.5% of whole body cancers. There was a male predominance with a ratio of 2.1:1. Their most frequent site was the tongue, followed by the palate, which was different from that in other countries with betel quid chewing habits. About 90% of male and 44% of female patients had habitual backgrounds of chewing and smoking for more than 15 years. The results revealed for the first time reliable oral cancer frequencies in Myanmar, suggesting that longstanding chewing and smoking habits are etiological backgrounds for oral cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Htun Naing Oo
- Department of Medical Research (Central Myanmar), Ministry of Health, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
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Amarasinghe HK, Usgodaarachchi US, Johnson NW, Lalloo R, Warnakulasuriya S. Public awareness of oral cancer, of oral potentially malignant disorders and of their risk factors in some rural populations in Sri Lanka. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010; 38:540-8. [PMID: 20735449 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2010.00566.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the level of public awareness of oral cancer, of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and of risk factors for developing these diseases in a province of Sri Lanka, a country with one of the highest incidences of these diseases in the world. METHODS A cross-sectional community-based survey was carried out in Sabaragamuwa province by interviewing 1029 subjects above 30 years of age, over a 1-year period from November 2006. RESULTS The level of public awareness of oral cancer was 84%, but only 23% for OPMD. Awareness was especially poor in low socioeconomic groups. The majority of subjects were not aware of the symptoms of oral cancer and of OPMD. Thirty-two percent were unaware that chewing betel quid was a risk factor for these diseases, as were 65% for tobacco smoking and 81% for heavy consumption of alcohol. Overall, 76% were not aware of any of the dangers inherent in the frequent use of areca nut. The majority of smokers, betel quid chewers and alcohol consumers were not aware that their lifestyles were placing their long-term health at serious risk. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of oral cancer, OPMD and their associated risk factors was poor among this population, indicating an urgent need to implement public health education and promotion strategies.
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Warnakulasuriya S, Kashyap R, Dasanayake AP. Is workplace screening for potentially malignant oral disorders feasible in India? J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 39:672-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.00915.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Amarasinghe HK, Johnson NW, Lalloo R, Kumaraarachchi M, Warnakulasuriya S. Derivation and validation of a risk-factor model for detection of oral potentially malignant disorders in populations with high prevalence. Br J Cancer 2010; 103:303-9. [PMID: 20628386 PMCID: PMC2920027 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral and pharyngeal cancers constitute the sixth most common type of cancer globally, with high morbidity and mortality. In many countries, most cases of oral cancer arise from long-standing, pre-existing lesions, yet advanced malignancies prevail. A new approach to early detection is needed. We aimed to validate a model for screening so that only high-risk individuals receive the clinical examination. METHODS A community-based case-control study (n=1029) in rural Sri Lanka assessed risk factors and markers for oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) by administering a questionnaire followed by an oral examination. We then developed a model based on age, socioeconomic status and habits of betel-quid chewing, alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking, with weightings based on odds ratios from the multiple logistic regression. A total, single score was calculated per individual. Standard receiver-operator characteristic curves were plotted for the total score and presence of OPMD. The model was validated on a new sample of 410 subjects in a different community. RESULTS A score of 12.0 produced optimal sensitivity (95.5%), specificity (75.9%), false-positive rate (24.0%), false-negative rate (4.5%), positive predictive value (35.9%) and negative predictive value (99.2%). CONCLUSION This model is suitable for detection of OPMD and oral cancer in high-risk communities, for example, in Asia, the Pacific and the global diaspora therefrom. A combined risk-factor score of 12.0 was optimal for participation in oral cancer/OPMD screening in Sri Lanka. The model, or local adaptations, should have wide applicability.
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Betel-quid chewing with or without tobacco is a major risk factor for oral potentially malignant disorders in Sri Lanka: a case-control study. Oral Oncol 2010; 46:297-301. [PMID: 20189448 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2010.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2010] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the prevalence of, and risk factors for, oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) in rural Sri Lanka. A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted by interview and oral examination of 1029 subjects aged over 30 years. A community-based nested case-control study then took those with OPMDs as 'cases', "controls" being those with no oral abnormalities at time of initial screening. The prevalence of OPMD was 11.3% (95% CI: 9.4-13.2), after weighting for place of residence and gender. Risk factors were betel-quid (BQ) chewing daily [OR=10.6 (95% CI: 3.6-31.0)] and alcohol drinking daily or weekly [OR=3.55 (1.6-8.0)]. A significant dose-response relationship existed for BQ chewing. Smoking did not emerge when adjusted for covariates. A synergistic effect of chewing and alcohol consumption existed. The attributable risk (AR) of daily BQ chewing was 90.6%, the population AR 84%. This study demonstrates high prevalence of OPMD, betel-quid chewing with or without tobacco being the major risk factor.
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