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Yoshimoto S, Okamura K. Tumor microenvironment of ameloblastoma with a focus on osteoclastogenesis, cell migration, and malignant transformation. J Oral Biosci 2024; 66:314-319. [PMID: 38734178 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Odontogenic tumors arise in the jawbone and originate from cells associated with tooth development. Therefore, understanding odontogenic tumors requires knowledge of all aspects of dental research, including tooth development and eruption. Ameloblastoma is the most common odontogenic tumor. HIGHLIGHT Although a benign tumor, ameloblastoma progresses with marked jawbone resorption. Because of its locally aggressive features, it can be treated surgically by resecting the surrounding bone. From a molecular pathology perspective, several genetic mutations and dysregulated signaling pathways involved in ameloblastoma tumorigenesis have been identified. Histopathologically, ameloblastomas consist of peripheral ameloblast-like cells and an inner stellate reticulum. The stromal region consists of fibrovascular connective tissue, showing a characteristic sparse myxoid histology. In general, the tumor microenvironment, including the surrounding non-tumor cells, contributes to tumorigenesis and progression. In this review, we focus on the tumor microenvironment of ameloblastomas. In addition, we present some of our recent studies on osteoclastogenesis, tubulin acetylation-induced cell migration, and hypoxia-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in ameloblastomas. CONCLUSION Further research on ameloblastomas can lead to the development of new treatments and improve patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Yoshimoto
- Section of Pathology, Department of Morphological Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan; Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Okamura
- Section of Pathology, Department of Morphological Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
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Steffen C, Schallenberg S, Dernbach G, Dielmann A, Dragomir MP, Schweiger-Eisbacher C, Klauschen F, Horst D, Tinhofer I, Heiland M, Keilholz U. Spatial heterogeneity of tumor cells and the tissue microenvironment in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2024; 137:379-390. [PMID: 38281880 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2023.12.785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study describes the morphologic and phenotypic spatial heterogeneity of tumor cells and the tissue microenvironment (TME), focusing on immune infiltration in OSCCs. STUDY DESIGN Patients with OSCCs and planned surgical tumor resection were eligible for the study. Two biopsies each from the tumor center and the tumor rim were obtained. Immunohistochemical characterization of tumor and immune cells was performed using a panel of immunohistochemical markers. RESULTS Thirty-six biopsies were obtained from the 9 patients. All patients showed an individual marker expression profile with ITH. Within the same biopsy, the CPS and TPS scores showed relevant variations in PD-L1 expression. Comparisons between the tumor center and rim revealed significant differences in the up/downregulation of p53. Marker expression of patients with recurrences clustered similarly, with the higher expression of FoxP3, IDO, CD4, CD68, and CD163 at the tumor rim. CONCLUSION OSCCs were found to exhibit relevant ITH involving both tumor cells and TME, suggesting that biomarker analysis of multiple tumor regions may be helpful for clinical decision making and tumor characterization. The analysis of multiple spots within a biopsy is recommended for a reliable determination of PD-L1 expression and other biomarkers, impacting current clinical assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudius Steffen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Simon Schallenberg
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriel Dernbach
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anastasia Dielmann
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mihnea P Dragomir
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Frederick Klauschen
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, München, Germany
| | - David Horst
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ingeborg Tinhofer
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Radiooncology and Radiotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Heiland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Keilholz
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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Xiong J, Xiao R, Zhao J, Zhao Q, Luo M, Li F, Zhang W, Wu M. Matrix stiffness affects tumor-associated macrophage functional polarization and its potential in tumor therapy. J Transl Med 2024; 22:85. [PMID: 38246995 PMCID: PMC10800063 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04810-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays critical roles in cytoskeletal support, biomechanical transduction and biochemical signal transformation. Tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) function is regulated by matrix stiffness in solid tumors and is often associated with poor prognosis. ECM stiffness-induced mechanical cues can activate cell membrane mechanoreceptors and corresponding mechanotransducers in the cytoplasm, modulating the phenotype of TAMs. Currently, tuning TAM polarization through matrix stiffness-induced mechanical stimulation has received increasing attention, whereas its effect on TAM fate has rarely been summarized. A better understanding of the relationship between matrix stiffness and macrophage function will contribute to the development of new strategies for cancer therapy. In this review, we first introduced the overall relationship between macrophage polarization and matrix stiffness, analyzed the changes in mechanoreceptors and mechanotransducers mediated by matrix stiffness on macrophage function and tumor progression, and finally summarized the effects of targeting ECM stiffness on tumor prognosis to provide insight into this new field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqiang Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Rourou Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jiahui Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qiuyan Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Manwen Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430032, China.
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Chohan MH, Perry M, Laurance-Young P, Salih VM, Foey AD. Prognostic Role of CD68 + and CD163 + Tumour-Associated Macrophages and PD-L1 Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis. Br J Biomed Sci 2023; 80:11065. [PMID: 37397243 PMCID: PMC10310926 DOI: 10.3389/bjbs.2023.11065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignant cancer in humans. An abundance of tumour associated macrophages (TAMs) create an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME). TAM markers (CD163 and CD68) are seen to serve as prognostic factors in OSCC. PD-L1 has seen to widely modulate the TME but its prognostic significance remains controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the prognostic role of CD163+, CD68+ TAMs and PD-L1 in OSCC patients. Methods: Searches in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were performed; 12 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Quality assessment of included studies was performed according to REMARK guidelines. Risk of bias across studies was investigated according to the rate of heterogeneity. Meta-analysis was performed to investigate the association of all three biomarkers with overall survival (OS). Results: High expression of CD163+ TAMs were associated with poor overall survival (HR = 2.64; 95% Cl: [1.65, 4.23]; p < 0.0001). Additionally, high stromal expression of CD163+ TAMs correlated with poor overall survival (HR = 3.56; 95% Cl: [2.33, 5.44]; p < 0.00001). Conversely, high CD68 and PD-L1 expression was not associated with overall survival (HR = 1.26; 95% Cl: [0.76, 2.07]; p = 0.37) (HR = 0.64; 95% Cl: [0.35, 1.18]; p = 0.15). Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings indicate CD163+ can provide prognostic utility in OSCC. However, our data suggests CD68+ TAMs were not associated with any prognostic relevance in OSCC patients, whereas PD-L1 expression may prove to be a differential prognostic marker dependent on tumour location and stage of progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Haseeb Chohan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Perry
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Laurance-Young
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Vehid M. Salih
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Foey
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
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Daroonpan P, Ouchi R, Zhang C, Nagai S, Nishii N, Kashima Y, Tsushima F, Harada H, Hamagaki M, Ikeda T, Aida J, Kaomongkolgit R, Azuma M. Personal immune profiles: Diversity and prognostic value for oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma evaluated by comprehensive immune parameter analyses with multiplex immunofluorescence. Oral Oncol 2023; 143:106458. [PMID: 37329869 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2023.106458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Understanding the tumor immune microenvironment is becoming increasingly necessary for risk prediction and treatment selection. In particular, oral cancer has various immunosuppressive characteristics in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, we comprehensively assessed the immune profiles of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Multiplex immunofluorescence and tissue imaging analyses were performed to evaluate immune profiles at the invasive tumor front of 60 OTSCC surgical specimens. We analyzed 58 immune parameters including the density and proportion (%) of total leukocytes (Leu) and T cells, six subsets of T and myeloid cells, and the expression of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1). RESULTS The density, proportion, and location of CD45+ Leu, three T cell subsets (CD8+, Foxp3-CD4+ conventional, and Foxp3+CD4+ regulatory T cells), CD163-CD68+ M1 and CD163+CD68+ M2 macrophages, and neutrophils were highly variable at the individual level. The density and proportion of M2 macrophages were significantly lower in the T1 stage group. Risk prediction analyses for recurrence and/or metastasis (R/M) showed that R/M (+) T1 cases had significantly higher M2 density and percentages. CONCLUSIONS The immune profiles of OTSCC patients are diverse and cannot be predicted from clinicopathological information alone. The M2 macrophage abundance is a potential candidate biomarker for R/M in the early stage of OTSCC. Personal immune profiling may provide beneficial information for risk prediction and treatment selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pissacha Daroonpan
- Departments of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; Department of Oral Diagnosis, Naresuan University, Tha Pho, Mueang Phitsanulok District, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Ryo Ouchi
- Departments of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- Departments of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Shigenori Nagai
- Departments of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Naoto Nishii
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Kashima
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Tsushima
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Harada
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Miwako Hamagaki
- Departments of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Tohru Ikeda
- Departments of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Jun Aida
- Departments of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Ruchadaporn Kaomongkolgit
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Naresuan University, Tha Pho, Mueang Phitsanulok District, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Miyuki Azuma
- Departments of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
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Jiang H, Ge H, Shi Y, Yuan F, Yue H. CAFs secrete CXCL12 to accelerate the progression and cisplatin resistance of colorectal cancer through promoting M2 polarization of macrophages. Med Oncol 2023; 40:90. [PMID: 36737590 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-01953-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the interaction between tumor-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and macrophage polarization on colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Clinical tissue samples of CRC and health volunteers were collected to isolate normal fibroblasts (NFs) and CAFs. LoVo, HCT116, or THP-1 cells were co-cultured with NFs or CAFs. Immunofluorescence and western blot detected the expression of related markers. MTT assay measured cell viability and IC50. Cell proliferation and metastasis were detected through colony formation and transwell assays. CRC mice models were constructed by injection of HCT116 cells, with IHC assessing C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 12 (CXCL12) expression. The proliferation, migration, invasion, and cisplatin (DDP) resistance of CRC cells were apparently increased after co-culture with CAFs. Compared to NFs, CAFs have a markedly higher ability to recruit macrophages and promote macrophages M2 polarization by secreting CXCL12. Further experiments affirmed that CXCL12 secreted by CAFs boosted proliferation, migration, invasion, and DDP resistance of CRC cells via induction of the M2 polarization of macrophages. In vivo experiments confirmed that CAFs promoted the progression of CRC and DDP resistance by affecting M2 polarization through CXCL12. CAFs recruit macrophages and secrete CXCL12 to induce M2 polarization of macrophages, thus mediating cell function and DDP resistance of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Yancheng School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University (Yancheng Third People's Hospital), Yancheng, 224008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haijue Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Yancheng School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University (Yancheng Third People's Hospital), Yancheng, 224008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Yancheng School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University (Yancheng Third People's Hospital), Yancheng, 224008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Yancheng School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University (Yancheng Third People's Hospital), Yancheng, 224008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongqin Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Yancheng School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University (Yancheng Third People's Hospital), Yancheng, 224008, Jiangsu, China.
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Pakravan K, Mossahebi-Mohammadi M, Ghazimoradi MH, Cho WC, Sadeghizadeh M, Babashah S. Monocytes educated by cancer-associated fibroblasts secrete exosomal miR-181a to activate AKT signaling in breast cancer cells. J Transl Med 2022; 20:559. [PMID: 36463188 PMCID: PMC9719191 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03780-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), one of the major components of the tumor stroma, contribute to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) through the induction and functional polarization of protumoral macrophages. We have herein investigated the contribution of CAFs to monocyte recruitment and macrophage polarization. We also sought to identify a possible paracrine mechanism by which CAF-educated monocytes affect breast cancer (BC) cell progression. METHODS Monocytes were educated by primary CAFs and normal fibroblast (NF); the phenotypic alterations of CAF- or NF-educated monocytes were measured by flow cytometry. Exosomes isolated from the cultured conditioned media of the educated monocytes were characterized. An in vivo experiment using a subcutaneous transplantation tumor model in athymic nude mice was conducted to uncover the effect of exosomes derived from CAF- or NF-educated monocytes on breast tumor growth. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were performed to explore the role of miR-181a in BC progression with the involvement of the AKT signaling pathway. Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, RT-qPCR, flow cytometry staining, migration assay, immunohistochemical staining, and bioinformatics analysis were performed to reveal the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS We illustrated that primary CAFs recruited monocytes and established pro-tumoral M2 macrophages. CAF may also differentiate human monocyte THP-1 cells into anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Besides, we revealed that CAFs increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in THP-1 monocytes, as differentiating into M2 macrophages requires a level of ROS for proper polarization. Importantly, T-cell proliferation was suppressed by CAF-educated monocytes and their exosomes, resulting in an immunosuppressive TME. Interestingly, CAF-activated, polarized monocytes lost their tumoricidal abilities, and their derived exosomes promoted BC cell proliferation and migration. In turn, CAF-educated monocyte exosomes exhibited a significant promoting effect on BC tumorigenicity in vivo. Of clinical significance, we observed that up-regulation of circulating miR-181a in BC was positively correlated with tumor aggressiveness and found a high level of this miRNA in CAF-educated monocytes and their exosomes. We further clarified that the pro-oncogenic effect of CAF-educated monocytes may depend in part on the exosomal transfer of miR-181a through modulating the PTEN/Akt signaling axis in BC cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings established a connection between tumor stromal communication and tumor progression and demonstrated an inductive function for CAF-educated monocytes in BC cell progression. We also proposed a supporting model in which exosomal transfer of miR-181a from CAF-educated monocytes activates AKT signaling by regulating PTEN in BC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoon Pakravan
- grid.412266.50000 0001 1781 3962Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Mossahebi-Mohammadi
- grid.412266.50000 0001 1781 3962Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad H. Ghazimoradi
- grid.412266.50000 0001 1781 3962Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
| | - William C. Cho
- grid.415499.40000 0004 1771 451XDepartment of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Majid Sadeghizadeh
- grid.412266.50000 0001 1781 3962Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Babashah
- grid.412266.50000 0001 1781 3962Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
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8
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The prognostic role of tumor associated macrophages in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Oncol 2022; 135:106227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zheng X, Jiang K, Xiao W, Zeng D, Peng W, Bai J, Chen X, Li P, Zhang L, Zheng X, Miao Q, Wang H, Wu S, Xu Y, Xu H, Li C, Li L, Gao X, Zheng S, Li J, Wang D, Zhou Z, Xia X, Yang S, Li Y, Cui Z, Zhang Q, Chen L, Lin X, Lin G. CD8 + T cell/cancer-associated fibroblast ratio stratifies prognostic and predictive responses to immunotherapy across multiple cancer types. Front Immunol 2022; 13:974265. [PMID: 36439099 PMCID: PMC9682254 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.974265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) within the tumor microenvironment (TME) are critical for immune suppression by restricting immune cell infiltration in the tumor stromal zones from penetrating tumor islands and changing their function status, particularly for CD8+ T cells. However, assessing and quantifying the impact of CAFs on immune cells and investigating how this impact is related to clinical outcomes, especially the efficacy of immunotherapy, remain unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS The TME was characterized using immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis using a large-scale sample size of gene expression profiles. The CD8+ T cell/CAF ratio (CFR) association with survival was investigated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) lung cancer cohorts. The correlation between CFR and immunotherapeutic efficacy was computed in five independent cohorts. The correlation between CFR and objective response rates (ORRs) following pembrolizumab monotherapy was investigated in 20 solid tumor types. To facilitate clinical translation, the IHC-detected CD8/α-SMA ratio was applied as an immunotherapeutic predictive biomarker in a real-world lung cancer cohort. RESULTS Compared with normal tissue, CAFs were enriched in cancer tissue, and the amount of CAFs was overwhelmingly higher than that in other immune cells. CAFs are positively correlated with the extent of immune infiltration. A higher CFR was strongly associated with improved survival in lung cancer, melanoma, and urothelial cancer immunotherapy cohorts. Within most cohorts, there was no clear evidence for an association between CFR and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) or tumor mutational burden (TMB). Compared with TMB and PD-L1, a higher correlation coefficient was observed between CFR and the ORR following pembrolizumab monotherapy in 20 solid tumor types (Spearman's r = 0.69 vs. 0.44 and 0.21). In a real-world cohort, patients with a high CFR detected by IHC benefited considerably from immunotherapy as compared with those with a low CFR (hazard ratio, 0.37; 95% confidence interval, 0.19-0.75; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS CFR is a newly found and simple parameter that can be used for identifying patients unlikely to benefit from immunotherapy. Future studies are needed to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Cancer Screening and Early Diagnosis, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kan Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Cancer Screening and Early Diagnosis, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weijin Xiao
- Department of Pathology, College of Clinical Medicine for Oncology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dongqiang Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenying Peng
- The Second Department of Oncology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Bai
- R&D Department, Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Pansong Li
- R&D Department, Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Longfeng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Cancer Screening and Early Diagnosis, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaobin Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Cancer Screening and Early Diagnosis, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Cancer Screening and Early Diagnosis, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Cancer Screening and Early Diagnosis, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shiwen Wu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Cancer Screening and Early Diagnosis, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yiquan Xu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Cancer Screening and Early Diagnosis, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haipeng Xu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Cancer Screening and Early Diagnosis, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Pathology, College of Clinical Medicine for Oncology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lifeng Li
- R&D Department, Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Gao
- R&D Department, Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Suya Zheng
- Chinese People’s Liberation Army 92403 Unit Support Department, Navy Fujian Base Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Junhui Li
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomics, National Protein Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Deqiang Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhou
- R&D Department, Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Xia
- R&D Department, Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Cancer Screening and Early Diagnosis, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yujing Li
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Cancer Screening and Early Diagnosis, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhaolei Cui
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Institute of Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Institute of Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiandong Lin
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Radiobiology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Gen Lin
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Cancer Screening and Early Diagnosis, Fuzhou, China
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10
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Alsaeedi SM, Aggarwal S. The Holistic Review on Occurrence, Biology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cureus 2022; 14:e30226. [PMID: 36381928 PMCID: PMC9651169 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A prevalent head and neck cancer type is oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). It is widespread and associated with a high death rate of around 50% in some regions of the world. We discuss the likelihood of developing OSCC and the impact of age in this review. Prior to examining the vast array of diagnostic indicators, a brief explanation of the biology of the disease is addressed. Finally, the therapeutic strategies for OSCC are listed. The complete literature for this study was compiled by searching Google Scholar and PubMed using the terms "OSCC," "oral squamous cell carcinoma," "diagnosis of OSCC," "oral cancer," and "biomarkers and OSCC." The research finds that OSCC has several critical parameters with a lot of room for additional in-depth study.
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11
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Moya-Garcia CR, Okuyama H, Sadeghi N, Li J, Tabrizian M, Li-Jessen NYK. In vitro models for head and neck cancer: Current status and future perspective. Front Oncol 2022; 12:960340. [PMID: 35992863 PMCID: PMC9381731 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.960340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5-year overall survival rate remains approximately 50% for head and neck (H&N) cancer patients, even though new cancer drugs have been approved for clinical use since 2016. Cancer drug studies are now moving toward the use of three-dimensional culture models for better emulating the unique tumor microenvironment (TME) and better predicting in vivo response to cancer treatments. Distinctive TME features, such as tumor geometry, heterogenous cellularity, and hypoxic cues, notably affect tissue aggressiveness and drug resistance. However, these features have not been fully incorporated into in vitro H&N cancer models. This review paper aims to provide a scholarly assessment of the designs, contributions, and limitations of in vitro models in H&N cancer drug research. We first review the TME features of H&N cancer that are most relevant to in vitro drug evaluation. We then evaluate a selection of advanced culture models, namely, spheroids, organotypic models, and microfluidic chips, in their applications for H&N cancer drug research. Lastly, we propose future opportunities of in vitro H&N cancer research in the prospects of high-throughput drug screening and patient-specific drug evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hideaki Okuyama
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nader Sadeghi
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jianyu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maryam Tabrizian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Maryam Tabrizian, ; Nicole Y. K. Li-Jessen,
| | - Nicole Y. K. Li-Jessen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Maryam Tabrizian, ; Nicole Y. K. Li-Jessen,
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12
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Hadjigol S, Shah BA, O’Brien-Simpson NM. The ‘Danse Macabre’—Neutrophils the Interactive Partner Affecting Oral Cancer Outcomes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:894021. [PMID: 35784290 PMCID: PMC9243430 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.894021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, tremendous advances in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer have taken place. However for head and neck cancers, including oral cancer, the overall survival rate is below 50% and they remain the seventh most common malignancy worldwide. These cancers are, commonly, aggressive, genetically complex, and difficult to treat and the delay, which often occurs between early recognition of symptoms and diagnosis, and the start of treatment of these cancers, is associated with poor prognosis. Cancer development and progression occurs in concert with alterations in the surrounding stroma, with the immune system being an essential element in this process. Despite neutrophils having major roles in the pathology of many diseases, they were thought to have little impact on cancer development and progression. Recent studies are now challenging this notion and placing neutrophils as central interactive players with other immune and tumor cells in affecting cancer pathology. This review focuses on how neutrophils and their sub-phenotypes, N1, N2, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, both directly and indirectly affect the anti-tumor and pro-tumor immune responses. Emphasis is placed on what is currently known about the interaction of neutrophils with myeloid innate immune cells (such as dendritic cells and macrophages), innate lymphoid cells, natural killer cells, and fibroblasts to affect the tumor microenvironment and progression of oral cancer. A better understanding of this dialog will allow for improved therapeutics that concurrently target several components of the tumor microenvironment, increasing the possibility of constructive and positive outcomes for oral cancer patients. For this review, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for manuscripts using keywords and combinations thereof of “oral cancer, OSCC, neutrophils, TANs, MDSC, immune cells, head and neck cancer, and tumor microenvironment” with a focus on publications from 2018 to 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hadjigol
- *Correspondence: Neil M. O’Brien-Simpson, ; Sara Hadjigol,
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13
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Kondoh N, Mizuno-Kamiya M. The Role of Immune Modulatory Cytokines in the Tumor Microenvironments of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122884. [PMID: 35740551 PMCID: PMC9221278 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Malignant phenotypes of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are regulated by the pro- and anti-tumoral activities of immune modulatory cytokines associated with tumor microenvironments (TMEs). We first present the immune modulatory effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines, pro- and anti- (pro-/anti-) inflammatory cytokines, and anti-inflammatory cytokines upon HNSCC phenotypes. We then report our evaluation of the functions of cytokines and chemokines that mediate the crosstalk between tumors and stromal cells, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). In HNSCCs, the status of lymph node metastasis is an important hallmark of a worse prognosis. Several chemokines mediate lymph node metastases in HNSCC patients. There are therapeutic approaches, using antitumoral cytokines or immunotherapies, that target cytokines, chemokines, or signal molecules essential for the immune evasion of HNSCCs. Finally, modulation by human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in HNSCC phenotypes and the prognostic significance of serum cytokine levels in HNSCC patients are discussed. Abstract HNSCCs are the major progressive malignancy of the upper digestive and respiratory organs. Malignant phenotypes of HNSCCs are regulated by the pro- and anti-tumoral activities of the immune modulatory cytokines associated with TMEs, i.e., a representative pro-inflammatory cytokine, interferon (IFN)-γ, plays a role as an anti-tumor regulator against HNSCCs; however, IFN-γ also drives programmed death-ligand (PD-L) 1 expression to promote cancer stem cells. Interleukin (IL)-2 promotes the cytotoxic activity of T cells and natural killer cells; however, endogenous IL-2 can promote regulatory T cells (Tregs), resulting in the protection of HNSCCs. In this report, we first classified and mentioned the immune modulatory aspects of pro-inflammatory cytokines, pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines, and anti-inflammatory cytokines upon HNSCC phenotypes. In the TME of HNSCCs, pro-tumoral immune modulation is mediated by stromal cells, including CAFs, MDSCs, pDCs, and TAMs. Therefore, we evaluated the functions of cytokines and chemokines that mediate the crosstalk between tumor cells and stromal cells. In HNSCCs, the status of lymph node metastasis is an important hallmark of a worse prognosis. We therefore evaluated the possibility of chemokines mediating lymph node metastases in HNSCC patients. We also mention therapeutic approaches using anti-tumoral cytokines or immunotherapies that target cytokines, chemokines, or signal molecules essential for the immune evasion of HNSCCs. We finally discuss modulation by HPV infection upon HNSCC phenotypes, as well as the prognostic significance of serum cytokine levels in HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Kondoh
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho 501-0296, Gifu, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-58-329-1416; Fax: +81-58-329-1417
| | - Masako Mizuno-Kamiya
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Business Administration, Asahi University School of Business Administration, Mizuho 501-0296, Gifu, Japan;
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14
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Furgiuele S, Descamps G, Cascarano L, Boucq A, Dubois C, Journe F, Saussez S. Dealing with Macrophage Plasticity to Address Therapeutic Challenges in Head and Neck Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126385. [PMID: 35742830 PMCID: PMC9224268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The head and neck tumor microenvironment (TME) is highly infiltrated with macrophages. More specifically, tumor-associated macrophages (TAM/M2-like) are one of the most critical components associated with poor overall survival in head and neck cancers (HNC). Two extreme states of macrophage phenotypes are described as conducting pro-inflammatory/anti-tumoral (M1) or anti-inflammatory/pro-tumoral (M2) activities. Moreover, specific metabolic pathways as well as oxidative stress responses are tightly associated with their phenotypes and functions. Hence, due to their plasticity, targeting M2 macrophages to repolarize in the M1 phenotype would be a promising cancer treatment. In this context, we evaluated macrophage infiltration in 60 HNC patients and demonstrated the high infiltration of CD68+ cells that were mainly related to CD163+ M2 macrophages. We then optimized a polarization protocol from THP1 monocytes, validated by specific gene and protein expression levels. In addition, specific actors of glutamine pathway and oxidative stress were quantified to indicate the use of glutaminolysis by M2 and the production of reactive oxygen species by M1. Finally, we evaluated and confirmed the plasticity of our model using M1 activators to repolarize M2 in M1. Overall, our study provides a complete reversible polarization protocol allowing us to further evaluate various reprogramming effectors targeting glutaminolysis and/or oxidative stress in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Furgiuele
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Avenue du Champ de Mars, 8, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (S.F.); (G.D.); (L.C.); (A.B.); (F.J.)
| | - Géraldine Descamps
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Avenue du Champ de Mars, 8, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (S.F.); (G.D.); (L.C.); (A.B.); (F.J.)
| | - Lorena Cascarano
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Avenue du Champ de Mars, 8, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (S.F.); (G.D.); (L.C.); (A.B.); (F.J.)
| | - Ambre Boucq
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Avenue du Champ de Mars, 8, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (S.F.); (G.D.); (L.C.); (A.B.); (F.J.)
| | - Christine Dubois
- Cytometry Core Facility, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Fabrice Journe
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Avenue du Champ de Mars, 8, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (S.F.); (G.D.); (L.C.); (A.B.); (F.J.)
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sven Saussez
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMONS), Avenue du Champ de Mars, 8, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (S.F.); (G.D.); (L.C.); (A.B.); (F.J.)
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-65-37-3584
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15
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Saw PE, Chen J, Song E. Targeting CAFs to overcome anticancer therapeutic resistance. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:527-555. [PMID: 35331673 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The view of cancer as a tumor cell-centric disease is now replaced by our understanding of the interconnection and dependency of tumor stroma. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the most abundant stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), are involved in anticancer therapeutic resistance. As we unearth more solid evidence on the link between CAFs and tumor progression, we gain insight into the role of CAFs in establishing resistance to cancer therapies. Herein, we review the origin, heterogeneity, and function of CAFs, with a focus on how CAF subsets can be used as biomarkers and can contribute to therapeutic resistance in cancer. We also depict current breakthroughs in targeting CAFs to overcome anticancer therapeutic resistance and discuss emerging CAF-targeting modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phei Er Saw
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jianing Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Erwei Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China; Fountain-Valley Institute for Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.
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16
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Rajthala S, Parajuli H, Dongre HN, Ljøkjel B, Hoven KM, Kvalheim A, Lybak S, Neppelberg E, Sapkota D, Johannessen AC, Costea DE. MicroRNA-138 Abates Fibroblast Motility With Effect on Invasion of Adjacent Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:833582. [PMID: 35371970 PMCID: PMC8968121 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.833582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have shown aberrant expression of micro-RNAs in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). This study aimed to investigate miR-138 dysregulation in CAFs in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its effects on their phenotype and invasion of adjacent OSCC cells. Methods Expression of miR-138 was first investigated in OSCC lesions (n = 53) and OSCC-derived CAFs (n = 15). MiR-138 mimics and inhibitors were used to functionally investigate the role of miR-138 on CAF phenotype and the resulting change in their ability to support OSCC invasion. Results Expression of miR-138 showed marked heterogeneity in both OSCC tissues and cultured fibroblasts. Ectopic miR-138 expression reduced fibroblasts’ motility and collagen contraction ability and suppressed invasion of suprajacent OSCC cells, while its inhibition resulted in the opposite outcome. Transcript and protein examination after modulation of miR-138 expression showed changes in CAF phenotype-specific molecules, focal adhesion kinase axis, and TGFβ1 signaling pathway. Conclusions Despite its heterogeneous expression, miR-138 in OSCC-derived CAFs exhibits a tumor-suppressive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Rajthala
- The Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Himalaya Parajuli
- The Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Harsh Nitin Dongre
- The Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Borghild Ljøkjel
- Head and Neck Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Stein Lybak
- Head and Neck Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Evelyn Neppelberg
- Head and Neck Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Oral Surgery, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dipak Sapkota
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Christine Johannessen
- The Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Daniela-Elena Costea
- The Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- *Correspondence: Daniela-Elena Costea,
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17
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Chivu-Economescu M, Necula LG, Matei L, Dragu D, Bleotu C, Sorop A, Herlea V, Dima S, Popescu I, Diaconu CC. Collagen Family and Other Matrix Remodeling Proteins Identified by Bioinformatics Analysis as Hub Genes Involved in Gastric Cancer Progression and Prognosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063214. [PMID: 35328635 PMCID: PMC8950589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer has remained in the top five cancers for over ten years, both in terms of incidence and mortality due to the shortage of biomarkers for disease follow-up and effective therapies. Aiming to fill this gap, we performed a bioinformatics assessment on our data and two additional GEO microarray profiles, followed by a deep analysis of the 40 differentially expressed genes identified. PPI network analysis and MCODE plug-in pointed out nine upregulated hub genes coding for proteins from the collagen family (COL12A1, COL5A2, and COL10A1) or involved in the assembly (BGN) or degradation of collagens (CTHRC1), and also associated with cell adhesion (THBS2 and SPP1) and extracellular matrix degradation (FAP, SULF1). Those genes were highly upregulated at the mRNA and protein level, the increase being correlated with pathological T stages. The high expression of BGN (p = 8 × 10−12), THBS2 (p = 1.2 × 10−6), CTHRC1 (p = 1.1 × 10−4), SULF1 (p = 3.8 × 10−4), COL5A1 (p = 1.3 × 10−4), COL10A1 (p = 5.7 × 10−4), COL12A1 (p = 2 × 10−3) correlated with poor overall survival and an immune infiltrate based especially on immunosuppressive M2 macrophages (p-value range 4.82 × 10−7–1.63 × 10−13). Our results emphasize that these genes could be candidate biomarkers for GC progression and prognosis and new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Chivu-Economescu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (L.G.N.); (L.M.); (D.D.); (C.B.); (C.C.D.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +40-21-324-2592
| | - Laura G. Necula
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (L.G.N.); (L.M.); (D.D.); (C.B.); (C.C.D.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, 040441 Bucharest, Romania; (V.H.); (I.P.)
| | - Lilia Matei
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (L.G.N.); (L.M.); (D.D.); (C.B.); (C.C.D.)
| | - Denisa Dragu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (L.G.N.); (L.M.); (D.D.); (C.B.); (C.C.D.)
| | - Coralia Bleotu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (L.G.N.); (L.M.); (D.D.); (C.B.); (C.C.D.)
| | - Andrei Sorop
- Center of Excellence for Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania; (A.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Vlad Herlea
- Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, 040441 Bucharest, Romania; (V.H.); (I.P.)
- Department of Pathology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Dima
- Center of Excellence for Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania; (A.S.); (S.D.)
- Center of General Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irinel Popescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, 040441 Bucharest, Romania; (V.H.); (I.P.)
- Center of General Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen C. Diaconu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, 030304 Bucharest, Romania; (L.G.N.); (L.M.); (D.D.); (C.B.); (C.C.D.)
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18
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Blise KE, Sivagnanam S, Banik GL, Coussens LM, Goecks J. Single-cell spatial architectures associated with clinical outcome in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. NPJ Precis Oncol 2022; 6:10. [PMID: 35217711 PMCID: PMC8881577 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-022-00253-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the spatial organization of cells within the tumor-immune microenvironment (TiME) of solid tumors influences survival and response to therapy in numerous cancer types. Here, we report results and demonstrate the applicability of quantitative single-cell spatial proteomics analyses in the TiME of primary and recurrent human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tumors. Single-cell compositions of a nine patient, primary and recurrent (n = 18), HNSCC cohort is presented, followed by deeper investigation into the spatial architecture of the TiME and its relationship with clinical variables and progression free survival (PFS). Multiple spatial algorithms were used to quantify the spatial landscapes of immune cells within TiMEs and demonstrate that neoplastic tumor-immune cell spatial compartmentalization, rather than mixing, is associated with longer PFS. Mesenchymal (αSMA+) cellular neighborhoods describe distinct immune landscapes associated with neoplastic tumor-immune compartmentalization and improved patient outcomes. Results from this investigation are concordant with studies in other tumor types, suggesting that trends in TiME cellular heterogeneity and spatial organization may be shared across cancers and may provide prognostic value in multiple cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie E Blise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,The Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Shamilene Sivagnanam
- The Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Grace L Banik
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Division of Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lisa M Coussens
- The Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jeremy Goecks
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA. .,The Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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Wang B, He Y, Wang B, Li J, Qin L. ALDH3A1 overexpression in OSCC inhibits inflammation via phospho‐Ser727 at STAT3 in tumor‐associated macrophages. Oral Dis 2022; 29:1513-1524. [PMID: 35188323 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cancer-related inflammation (CRI) significantly increases the difficulty of treating oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and remains a major treatment challenge. Our objective was to determine whether tumor ALDH3A1 could attenuate OSCC tumorigenesis by inhibiting tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) that promoted CRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS ALDH3A1 in Cal27 cells was overexpressed, and the tumor-conditioned medium (TCM) was collected. We induced THP-1 cells with TCM and recombinant human IL-6. The phosphorylation of STAT3 and the TLR4/TRAF6/TBK1 cascade reaction in TAMs was analyzed using Western blotting, and mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) production was measured using a MitoSox kit. A tumorigenicity assay was performed to examine the tumor volume and weight, and the expression of CD68, CD11b, IL-6, Ki67, and CD31 was analyzed via immunohistochemistry. RESULTS ALDH3A1 attenuated STAT3 phosphorylation at Ser727 rapidly and mtROS production earlier in TAMs via inhibiting TLR4/TRAF6/TBK1 cascade reaction. MtROS reduction inhibited IL-1β and IL-8 secretions by NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β/IL-8 pathway. Meanwhile, the inhibition of pro-tumor phenotypes of TAMs, tumor proliferation, and tumor angiogenesis during the process was proved in vivo. CONCLUSION ALDH3A1 was associated closely with CRI and inhibited CRI regulated by TAMs. This finding may achieve clinical transformation and open new therapeutic options for targeting CRI regulated by TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyuan Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology Beijing Stomatological Hospital Capital Medical University Tian Tan Xi Li No.4 Beijing China 100050
| | - Ying He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology Beijing Stomatological Hospital Capital Medical University Tian Tan Xi Li No.4 Beijing China 100050
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology Beijing Stomatological Hospital Capital Medical University Tian Tan Xi Li No.4 Beijing China 100050
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology Beijing Stomatological Hospital Capital Medical University Tian Tan Xi Li No.4 Beijing China 100050
| | - Lizheng Qin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology Beijing Stomatological Hospital Capital Medical University Tian Tan Xi Li No.4 Beijing China 100050
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20
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Thiery J. Modulation of the antitumor immune response by cancer-associated fibroblasts: mechanisms and targeting strategies to hamper their immunosuppressive functions. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2022; 3:598-629. [PMID: 36338519 PMCID: PMC9630350 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are highly heterogeneous players that shape the tumor microenvironment and influence tumor progression, metastasis formation, and response to conventional therapies. During the past years, some CAFs subsets have also been involved in the modulation of immune cell functions, affecting the efficacy of both innate and adaptive anti-tumor immune responses. Consequently, the implication of these stromal cells in the response to immunotherapeutic strategies raised major concerns. In this review, current knowledge of CAFs origins and heterogeneity in the tumor stroma, as well as their effects on several immune cell populations that explain their immunosuppressive capabilities are summarized. The current development of therapeutic strategies for targeting this population and their implication in the field of cancer immunotherapy is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Thiery
- INSERM, UMR 1186, 94800 Villejuif, France,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif, France,University Paris Saclay, Faculty of Medicine, 94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France,Correspondence: Jerome Thiery, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France.
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21
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Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote oral squamous cell carcinoma progression through LOX-mediated matrix stiffness. J Transl Med 2021; 19:513. [PMID: 34930321 PMCID: PMC8686394 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03181-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the most abundant cells in the tumor microenvironment, have prominent roles in the development of solid tumors as stromal targets. However, the underlying mechanism of CAFs’ function in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) development remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role of lysyl oxidase (LOX) expression in CAFs in tumor stromal remodeling and the mechanism of its effect on OSCC progression. Methods Multiple immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed to detect the correlation of CAFs and LOX in the stroma of OSCC specimens, as well as the correlation with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis. The expression of LOX in CAFs were detected by RT-qPCR and western blot. The effects of LOX in CAFs on the biological characteristics of OSCC cell line were investigated using CCK-8, wound-healing and transwell assay. CAFs were co-cultured with type I collagen in vitro, and collagen contraction test, microstructure observation and rheometer were used to detect the effect of CAFs on remodeling collagen matrix. Then, collagen with different stiffness were established to investigate the effect of matrix stiffness on the progression of OSCC. Moreover, we used focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation inhibitors to explored whether the increase in matrix stiffness promote the progression of OSCC through activating FAK phosphorylation pathway. Results LOX was colocalized with CAFs in the stroma of OSCC tissues, and its expression was significantly related to the degree of malignant differentiation and poor prognosis in OSCC. LOX was highly expressed in CAFs, and its knockdown impaired the proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT process of OSCC cells. The expression of LOX in CAFs can catalyze collagen crosslinking and increase matrix stiffness. Furthermore, CAFs-derived LOX-mediated increase in collagen stiffness induced morphological changes and promoted invasion and EMT process in OSCC cells by activating FAK phosphorylation pathway. Conclusions Our findings suggest that CAFs highly express LOX in the stroma of OSCC and can remodel the matrix collagen microenvironment, and the increase in matrix stiffness mediated by CAFs-derived LOX promotes OSCC development through FAK phosphorylation pathway. Thus, LOX may be a potential target for the early diagnosis and therapeutic treatment of OSCC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-03181-x.
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22
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Abd El-Aziz YS, Leck LYW, Jansson PJ, Sahni S. Emerging Role of Autophagy in the Development and Progression of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6152. [PMID: 34944772 PMCID: PMC8699656 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular catabolic process, which is characterized by degradation of damaged proteins and organelles needed to supply the cell with essential nutrients. At basal levels, autophagy is important to maintain cellular homeostasis and development. It is also a stress responsive process that allows the cells to survive when subjected to stressful conditions such as nutrient deprivation. Autophagy has been implicated in many pathologies including cancer. It is well established that autophagy plays a dual role in different cancer types. There is emerging role of autophagy in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) development and progression. This review will focus on the role played by autophagy in relation to different aspects of cancer progression and discuss recent studies exploring the role of autophagy in OSCC. It will further discuss potential therapeutic approaches to target autophagy in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yomna S. Abd El-Aziz
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (Y.S.A.E.-A.); (L.Y.W.L.); (P.J.J.)
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW 2064, Australia
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Lionel Y. W. Leck
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (Y.S.A.E.-A.); (L.Y.W.L.); (P.J.J.)
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW 2064, Australia
- Cancer Drug Resistance and Stem Cell Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Patric J. Jansson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (Y.S.A.E.-A.); (L.Y.W.L.); (P.J.J.)
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW 2064, Australia
- Cancer Drug Resistance and Stem Cell Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sumit Sahni
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (Y.S.A.E.-A.); (L.Y.W.L.); (P.J.J.)
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW 2064, Australia
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23
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Profiling and Functional Analysis of microRNA Deregulation in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Depicts an Anti-Invasive Role of microRNA-204 via Regulation of Their Motility. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111960. [PMID: 34769388 PMCID: PMC8584862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Knowledge on the role of miR changes in tumor stroma for cancer progression is limited. This study aimed to investigate the role of miR dysregulation in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methodology: CAF and normal oral fibroblasts (NOFs) were isolated from biopsies of OSCC patients and healthy individuals after informed consent and grown in 3D collagen gels. Total RNA was extracted. Global miR expression was profiled using Illumina version 2 panels. The functional impact of altered miR-204 expression in fibroblasts on their phenotype and molecular profile was investigated using mimics and inhibitors of miR-204. Further, the impact of miR-204 expression in fibroblasts on invasion of adjacent OSCC cells was assessed in 3D-organotypic co-cultures. Results: Unsupervised hierarchical clustering for global miR expression resulted in separate clusters for CAF and NOF. SAM analysis identified differential expression of twelve miRs between CAF and NOF. Modulation of miR-204 expression did not affect fibroblast cell proliferation, but resulted in changes in the motility phenotype, expression of various motility-related molecules, and invasion of the adjacent OSCC cells. 3′ UTR miR target reporter assay showed ITGA11 to be a direct target of miR-204. Conclusions: This study identifies differentially expressed miRs in stromal fibroblasts of OSCC lesions compared with normal oral mucosa and it reveals that one of the significantly downregulated miRs in CAF, miR-204, has a tumor-suppressive function through inhibition of fibroblast migration by modulating the expression of several different molecules in addition to directly targeting ITGA11.
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24
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Wedekind H, Walz K, Buchbender M, Rieckmann T, Strasser E, Grottker F, Fietkau R, Frey B, Gaipl US, Rückert M. Head and neck tumor cells treated with hypofractionated irradiation die via apoptosis and are better taken up by M1-like macrophages. Strahlenther Onkol 2021; 198:171-182. [PMID: 34665291 PMCID: PMC8789708 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-021-01856-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) is increasing worldwide, especially when triggered by the human papilloma virus (HPV). Radiotherapy has immune-modulatory properties, but the role of macrophages present in HNSCC and having contact with irradiated tumor cells remains unclear. The influence of irradiated (2 × 5Gy) HNSCC cells on the (re-)polarization and phagocytosis of human macrophages, either non-polarized or with a more M1 or M2 phenotype, was therefore investigated. Methods Human monocytes were differentiated with the hematopoietic growth factors M‑CSF (m) or GM-CSF (g) and additionally pre-polarized with either interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 or interferon (IFN)-γ and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), respectively. Subsequently, they were added to previously irradiated (2 × 5Gy) and mock-treated HPV-positive (UD-SCC-2) and HPV-negative (Cal33) HNSCC cells including their supernatants. Results The HNSCC cells treated with hypofractionated irradiation died via apoptosis and were strongly phagocytosed by M0m and M2 macrophages. M0g and M1 macrophages phagocytosed the tumor cells to a lesser extent. Irradiated HNSCC cells were better phagocytosed by M1 macrophages compared to mock-treated controls. The polarization status of the macrophages was not significantly changed, except for the expression of CD206 on M2 macrophages, which was reduced after phagocytosis of irradiated HPV-negative cells. Further, a significant increase in the uptake of irradiated HPV-positive cells by M0g macrophages when compared to HPV-negative cells was observed. Conclusion HNSCC cells treated with hypofractionated irradiation foster phagocytosis by anti-tumorigenic M1 macrophages. The data provide the first evidence on the impact of the HPV status of HNSCC cells on the modulation of the macrophage response to irradiated tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Wedekind
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kristina Walz
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mayte Buchbender
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Rieckmann
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Erwin Strasser
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fridolin Grottker
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Frey
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Udo S Gaipl
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Michael Rückert
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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25
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Mao X, Xu J, Wang W, Liang C, Hua J, Liu J, Zhang B, Meng Q, Yu X, Shi S. Crosstalk between cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment: new findings and future perspectives. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:131. [PMID: 34635121 PMCID: PMC8504100 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 796] [Impact Index Per Article: 265.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a stromal cell population with cell-of-origin, phenotypic and functional heterogeneity, are the most essential components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Through multiple pathways, activated CAFs can promote tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, along with extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and even chemoresistance. Numerous previous studies have confirmed the critical role of the interaction between CAFs and tumor cells in tumorigenesis and development. However, recently, the mutual effects of CAFs and the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) have been identified as another key factor in promoting tumor progression. The TIME mainly consists of distinct immune cell populations in tumor islets and is highly associated with the antitumor immunological state in the TME. CAFs interact with tumor-infiltrating immune cells as well as other immune components within the TIME via the secretion of various cytokines, growth factors, chemokines, exosomes and other effector molecules, consequently shaping an immunosuppressive TME that enables cancer cells to evade surveillance of the immune system. In-depth studies of CAFs and immune microenvironment interactions, particularly the complicated mechanisms connecting CAFs with immune cells, might provide novel strategies for subsequent targeted immunotherapies. Herein, we shed light on recent advances regarding the direct and indirect crosstalk between CAFs and infiltrating immune cells and further summarize the possible immunoinhibitory mechanisms induced by CAFs in the TME. In addition, we present current related CAF-targeting immunotherapies and briefly describe some future perspectives on CAF research in the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Mao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jie Hua
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qingcai Meng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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26
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Kai K, Moriyama M, Haque ASMR, Hattori T, Chinju A, Hu C, Kubota K, Miyahara Y, Kakizoe-Ishiguro N, Kawano S, Nakamura S. Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Contributes to Differentiation of Monocyte-Derived Tumor-Associated Macrophages via PAI-1 and IL-8 Production. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9475. [PMID: 34502382 PMCID: PMC8430735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) promote cancer cell proliferation and metastasis, as well as anti-tumor immune suppression. Recent studies have shown that tumors enhance the recruitment and differentiation of TAMs, but the detailed mechanisms have not been clarified. We thus examined the influence of cancer cells on the differentiation of monocytes to TAM subsets, including CD163+, CD204+, and CD206+ cells, in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and a cytokine array. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of OSCC cells (HSC-2, SQUU-A, and SQUU-B cells) on the differentiation of purified CD14+ cells to TAM subsets. The localization patterns of CD163+, CD204+, and CD206+ in OSCC sections were quite different. The expression of CD206 on CD14+ cells was significantly increased after the co-culture with OSCC cell lines, while the expressions of CD163 and CD204 on CD14+ cells showed no change. High concentrations of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were detected in the conditioned medium of OSCC cell lines. PAI-1 and IL-8 stimulated CD14+ cells to express CD206. Moreover, there were positive correlations among the numbers of CD206+, PAI-1+, and IL-8+ cells in OSCC sections. These results suggest that PAI-1 and IL-8 produced by OSCC contribute to the differentiation of monocytes to CD206+ TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Kai
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.K.); (A.S.M.R.H.); (T.H.); (A.C.); (C.H.); (Y.M.); (N.K.-I.); (S.K.); (S.N.)
| | - Masafumi Moriyama
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.K.); (A.S.M.R.H.); (T.H.); (A.C.); (C.H.); (Y.M.); (N.K.-I.); (S.K.); (S.N.)
- OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - A. S. M. Rafiul Haque
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.K.); (A.S.M.R.H.); (T.H.); (A.C.); (C.H.); (Y.M.); (N.K.-I.); (S.K.); (S.N.)
- Department of Dental Anatomy, Udayan Dental College, House No: 1, Ward No: 7, Chondipur, GPO, Rajpara, Rajshahi 6000, Bangladesh
| | - Taichi Hattori
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.K.); (A.S.M.R.H.); (T.H.); (A.C.); (C.H.); (Y.M.); (N.K.-I.); (S.K.); (S.N.)
| | - Akira Chinju
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.K.); (A.S.M.R.H.); (T.H.); (A.C.); (C.H.); (Y.M.); (N.K.-I.); (S.K.); (S.N.)
| | - Chen Hu
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.K.); (A.S.M.R.H.); (T.H.); (A.C.); (C.H.); (Y.M.); (N.K.-I.); (S.K.); (S.N.)
| | - Keigo Kubota
- Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry and Orthodontics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan;
| | - Yuka Miyahara
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.K.); (A.S.M.R.H.); (T.H.); (A.C.); (C.H.); (Y.M.); (N.K.-I.); (S.K.); (S.N.)
| | - Noriko Kakizoe-Ishiguro
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.K.); (A.S.M.R.H.); (T.H.); (A.C.); (C.H.); (Y.M.); (N.K.-I.); (S.K.); (S.N.)
| | - Shintaro Kawano
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.K.); (A.S.M.R.H.); (T.H.); (A.C.); (C.H.); (Y.M.); (N.K.-I.); (S.K.); (S.N.)
| | - Seiji Nakamura
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.K.); (A.S.M.R.H.); (T.H.); (A.C.); (C.H.); (Y.M.); (N.K.-I.); (S.K.); (S.N.)
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Li CC, Shen Z, Bavarian R, Yang F, Bhattacharya A. Oral Cancer: Genetics and the Role of Precision Medicine. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2021; 29:127-144. [PMID: 31757309 DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the leading cancers in the world. OSCC patients are managed with surgery and/or chemoradiation. Prognoses and survival rates are dismal, however, and have not improved for more than 20 years. Recently, the concept of precision medicine was introduced, and the introduction of targeted therapeutics demonstrated promising outcomes. This article reviews the current understanding of initiation, progression, and metastasis of OSCC from both genetic and epigenetic perspectives. In addition, the applications and integration of omics technologies in biomarker discovery and drug development for treating OSCC are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Cheng Li
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Zhen Shen
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Roxanne Bavarian
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Oral Medicine and Dentistry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aditi Bhattacharya
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, NYU College of Dentistry, East 24th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA
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Ansardamavandi A, Tafazzoli-Shadpour M. The functional cross talk between cancer cells and cancer associated fibroblasts from a cancer mechanics perspective. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119103. [PMID: 34293346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The function of biological tissues in health and disease is regulated at cellular level and is highly influenced by the physical microenvironment, through the interaction of forces between cells and ECM, which are perceived through mechanosensing pathways. In cancer, both chemical and physical signaling cascades and their interactions are involved during cell-cell and cell-ECM communications to meet requirements of tumor growth. Among stroma cells, cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play key role in tumor growth and pave the way for cancer cells to initiate metastasis and invasion to other tissues, and without recruitment of CAFs, the process of cancer invasion is dysfunctional. This is through an intense chemical and physical cross talks with tumor cells, and interactive remodeling of ECM. During such interaction CAFs apply traction forces and depending on the mechanical properties, deform ECM and in return receive physical signals from the micromechanical environment. Such interaction leads to ECM remodeling by manipulating ECM structure and its mechanical properties. The results are in form of deposition of extra fibers, stiffening, rearrangement and reorganization of fibrous structure, and degradation which are due to a complex secretion and expression of different markers triggered by mechanosensing of tumor cells, specially CAFs. Such events define cancer progress and invasion of cancer cells. A systemic knowledge of chemical and physical factors provides a holistic view of how cancer process and enhances the current treatment methods to provide more diversity among targets that involves tumor cells and ECM structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arian Ansardamavandi
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Gunaydin G. CAFs Interacting With TAMs in Tumor Microenvironment to Enhance Tumorigenesis and Immune Evasion. Front Oncol 2021; 11:668349. [PMID: 34336660 PMCID: PMC8317617 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.668349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are among the most important and abundant players of the tumor microenvironment. CAFs as well as TAMs are known to play pivotal supportive roles in tumor growth and progression. The number of CAF or TAM cells is mostly correlated with poor prognosis. Both CAFs and TAMs are in a reciprocal communication with the tumor cells in the tumor milieu. In addition to such interactions, CAFs and TAMs are also involved in a dynamic and reciprocal interrelationship with each other. Both CAFs and TAMs are capable of altering each other's functions. Here, the current understanding of the distinct mechanisms about the complex interplay between CAFs and TAMs are summarized. In addition, the consequences of such a mutual relationship especially for tumor progression and tumor immune evasion are highlighted, focusing on the synergistic pleiotropic effects. CAFs and TAMs are crucial components of the tumor microenvironment; thus, they may prove to be potential therapeutic targets. A better understanding of the tri-directional interactions of CAFs, TAMs and cancer cells in terms of tumor progression will pave the way for the identification of novel theranostic cues in order to better target the crucial mechanisms of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurcan Gunaydin
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
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Kitano H, Masaoka Y, Mamiya A, Fujiwara Y, Miki T, Hidai C. Combination Cancer Therapy of a Del1 Fragment and Cisplatin Enhanced Therapeutic Efficiency In Vivo. In Vivo 2021; 35:779-791. [PMID: 33622870 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Combination cancer therapy is currently under investigation. This study examined the effect of cancer combination therapy using the E3 and C1 (E3C1) domains of developmental endothelial locus-1 (Del1) and cisplatin (CDDP) in murine transplanted tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice with transplanted tumors (A431, SCCKN or SCC-4 cells) were injected intraperitoneally with CDDP and injected locally with nonviral plasmid vectors encoding E3C1. Histochemical analysis of the transplanted tumors was then performed to assess the effects on prognosis. RESULTS The CDDP+E3C1 injected group had reduced tumor growth and longer survival compared to the CDDP injected group. In addition, cell death was observed in the tumor of the CDDP+E3C1 group.. Furthermore, angiogenesis and increased blood vessels were observed together with stromal development. CONCLUSION The CDDP+E3C1 treatment resulted in improved survival and poor tumor stromal development in mice with transplanted tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisataka Kitano
- Division of Oral Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoh Masaoka
- Division of Oral Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mamiya
- Division of Oral Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Fujiwara
- Division of Oral Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Miki
- Division of Physiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiaki Hidai
- Medical Education Center, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Fibroblasts Influence the Efficacy, Resistance, and Future Use of Vaccines and Immunotherapy in Cancer Treatment. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060634. [PMID: 34200702 PMCID: PMC8230410 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors are composed of not only epithelial cells but also many other cell types that contribute to the tumor microenvironment (TME). Within this space, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a prominent cell type, and these cells are connected to an increase in tumor progression as well as alteration of the immune landscape present in and around the tumor. This is accomplished in part by their ability to alter the presence of both innate and adaptive immune cells as well as the release of various chemokines and cytokines, together leading to a more immunosuppressive TME. Furthermore, new research implicates CAFs as players in immunotherapy response in many different tumor types, typically by blunting their efficacy. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), two major CAF proteins, are associated with the outcome of different immunotherapies and, additionally, have become new targets themselves for immune-based strategies directed at CAFs. This review will focus on CAFs and how they alter the immune landscape within tumors, how this affects response to current immunotherapy treatments, and how immune-based treatments are currently being harnessed to target the CAF population itself.
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Shigeoka M, Koma YI, Kodama T, Nishio M, Akashi M, Yokozaki H. Tongue Cancer Cell-Derived CCL20 Induced by Interaction With Macrophages Promotes CD163 Expression on Macrophages. Front Oncol 2021; 11:667174. [PMID: 34178651 PMCID: PMC8219974 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.667174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CD163-positive macrophages contribute to the aggressiveness of oral squamous cell carcinoma. We showed in a previous report that CD163-positive macrophages infiltrated not only to the cancer nest but also to its surrounding epithelium, depending on the presence of stromal invasion in tongue carcinogenesis. However, the role of intraepithelial macrophages in tongue carcinogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we assessed the biological behavior of intraepithelial macrophages on their interaction with cancer cells. Materials and Methods We established the indirect coculture system (intraepithelial neoplasia model) and direct coculture system (invasive cancer model) of human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1-derived CD163-positive macrophages with SCC25, a tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) cell line. Conditioned media (CM) harvested from these systems were analyzed using cytokine array and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and extracted a specific upregulated cytokine in CM from the direct coculture system (direct CM). The correlation of both this cytokine and its receptor with various clinicopathological factors were evaluated based on immunohistochemistry using clinical samples from 59 patients with TSCC. Moreover, the effect of this cytokine in direct CM on the phenotypic alterations of THP-1 was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, immunofluorescence, and transwell migration assay. Results It was shown that CCL20 was induced in the direct CM specifically. Interestingly, CCL20 was produced primarily in SCC25. The expression level of CCR6, which is a sole receptor of CCL20, was higher than the expression level of SCC25. Our immunohistochemical investigation showed that CCL20 and CCR6 expression was associated with lymphatic vessel invasion and the number of CD163-positive macrophages. Recombinant human CCL20 induced the CD163 expression and promoted migration of THP-1. We also confirmed that a neutralizing anti-CCL20 antibody blocked the induction of CD163 expression by direct CM in THP-1. Moreover, ERK1/2 phosphorylation was associated with the CCL20-driven induction of CD163 expression in THP-1. Conclusions Tongue cancer cell-derived CCL20 that was induced by interaction with macrophages promotes CD163 expression on macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Shigeoka
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichiro Koma
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kodama
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mari Nishio
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaya Akashi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgery Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yokozaki
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Raskov H, Orhan A, Gaggar S, Gögenur I. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Cancer and Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:668731. [PMID: 34094963 PMCID: PMC8172975 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.668731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME), including the interplay between tumor cells, stromal cells, immune cells, and extracellular matrix components, is mandatory for the innovation of new therapeutic approaches in cancer. The cell-cell communication within the TME plays a pivotal role in the evolution and progression of cancer. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are major cell populations in the stroma of all solid tumors and often exert protumorigenic functions; however, the origin and precise functions of CAF and TAM are still incompletely understood. CAF and TAM hold significant potential as therapeutic targets to improve outcomes in oncology when combined with existing therapies. The regulation of CAF/TAM communication and/or their differentiation could be of high impact for improving the future targeted treatment strategies. Nevertheless, there is much scope for research and innovation in this field with regards to the development of novel drugs. In this review, we elaborate on the current knowledge on CAF and TAM in cancer and cancer immunotherapy. Additionally, by focusing on their heterogenous functions in different stages and types of cancer, we explore their role as potential therapeutic targets and highlight certain aspects of their functions that need further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Raskov
- Center for Surgical Science, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Adile Orhan
- Center for Surgical Science, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shruti Gaggar
- Center for Surgical Science, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Ismail Gögenur
- Center for Surgical Science, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bruna F, Scodeller P. Pro-Tumorigenic Macrophage Infiltration in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Possible Macrophage-Aimed Therapeutic Interventions. Front Oncol 2021; 11:675664. [PMID: 34041037 PMCID: PMC8141624 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.675664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas (OSCC), as in other solid tumors, stromal cells strongly support the spread and growth of the tumor. Macrophages in tumors (tumor-associated macrophages or “TAMs”), can swing between a pro-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic (M1-like TAMs) state or an anti‐inflammatory and pro-tumorigenic (M2-like TAMs) profile depending on the tumor microenvironment cues. Numerous clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated the importance of macrophages in the prognosis of patients with different types of cancer. Here, our aim was to review the role of M2-like TAMs in the prognosis of patients with OSCC and provide a state of the art on strategies for depleting or reprogramming M2-like TAMs as a possible therapeutic solution for OSCC. The Clinical studies reviewed showed that higher density of CD163+ M2-like TAMs associated with worse survival and that CD206+ M2-TAMs are involved in OSCC progression through epidermal growth factor (EGF) secretion, underlining the important role of CD206 as a marker of OSCC progression and as a therapeutic target. Here, we provide the reader with the current tools, in preclinical and clinical stage, for depleting M2-like TAMs, re-educating them towards M1-like TAMs, and exploiting TAMs as drug delivery vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Bruna
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Pablo Scodeller
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Shigeoka M, Koma YI, Nishio M, Akashi M, Yokozaki H. Alteration of Macrophage Infiltrating Compartment: A Novel View on Oral Carcinogenesis. Pathobiology 2021; 88:327-337. [PMID: 33965948 DOI: 10.1159/000515922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mortality of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has remained high for decades; therefore, methods for early detection of OSCC are warranted. However, in the oral cavity, various mucosal diseases may be encountered, including reactive lesions and oral potentially malignant disorders, and it is difficult to differentiate OSCC from these lesions based on both clinical and histopathological findings. It is well known that chronic inflammation contributes to oral cancer development. Macrophages are among the most common inflammatory cells in cancer stromal tissue and have various roles in cancer aggressiveness. Although the roles of macrophages in cancer development have attracted attention, only a few studies have linked macrophages to carcinogenesis, particularly, oral precancerous lesions. SUMMARY This review article consists of 3 parts: first, we summarize current knowledge on macrophages in human various epithelial precancerous lesions, excluding the oral cavity, to show the importance and gaps in knowledge regarding macrophages in carcinogenesis; second, we review published data related to the role of macrophages in oral carcinogenesis; finally, we present a novel view on oral carcinogenesis, focusing on crosstalk between epithelial cells and macrophages. Key Messages: The biological features of macrophages in oral carcinogenesis differ drastically depending on the anatomical compartment that they infiltrate. Focusing on the alteration of macrophage infiltrating compartment may serve as a useful novel approach for studying the role of the macrophages in oral carcinogenesis and for gaining further insight into cancer prevention and early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Shigeoka
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichiro Koma
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mari Nishio
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaya Akashi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgery Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yokozaki
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Effect of smoking status and programmed death-ligand 1 expression on the microenvironment and malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia: A retrospective cohort study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250359. [PMID: 33861793 PMCID: PMC8051817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is associated with an increased risk of oral leukoplakia and head and neck cancer. Although it has recently been reported that the establishment of an immunosuppressive microenvironment in oral potentially malignant disorders may lead to malignant transformation, it is unclear whether the microenvironments of oral potentially malignant disorders differ according to smoking status. We examined differences in programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and subepithelial CD163+ TAM and CD8+ cell/lymphocyte counts in the microenvironment of oral leukoplakia of smoking and non-smoking patients and investigated their associations with malignant transformation. Pathology reports and original biopsy request forms from 1995–2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Lesions clinically characterized as white plaques/lesions of the oral mucosa and pathologically diagnosed as oral epithelial dysplasia were included. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate PD-L1 expression and subepithelial CD163+/CD8+ cell counts. The significance of prognostic factors in predicting malignant transformation was determined using Cox regression analysis. Statistical significance was defined as P<0.05. In total, 200 patients with oral leukoplakia were selected. The mean age at diagnosis was higher in non-smoking patients (n = 141; 66.9 years) than in smoking patients (n = 59; 60.5 years). The 5-year cumulative malignant transformation rate was higher in non-smoking patients than in smoking patients (9.3% vs. 3.0%, respectively). Oral leukoplakia was associated with significantly higher PD-L1 expression and increased numbers of subepithelial CD163+ cells in the non-smoking group compared with the smoking group. Non-smoking-related oral leukoplakia with positive PD-L1 expression was associated with a 6.97-fold (95% confidence interval: 2.14–22.7) increased risk of malignant transformation. The microenvironment of oral leukoplakia differed according to smoking status. A combination of smoking status and PD-L1 expression may predict malignant transformation in oral leukoplakia patients. This study highlights the importance of understanding the interaction between smoking and the microenvironment in oral leukoplakia.
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Kalogirou EM, Tosios KI, Christopoulos PF. The Role of Macrophages in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:611115. [PMID: 33816242 PMCID: PMC8014034 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.611115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is a common malignancy worldwide, with high disease-related death rates. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for more than 90% of oral tumors, with surgical management remaining the treatment of choice. However, advanced and metastatic OSCC is still incurable. Thus, emphasis has been given lately in understanding the complex role of the oral tumor microenvironment (TME) in OSCC progression, in order to identify novel prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute a major population of the OSCC TME, with bipolar role in disease progression depending on their activation status (M1 vs. M2). Here, we provide an up to date review of the current literature on the role of macrophages during oral oncogenesis, as well as their prognostic significance in OSCC survival and response to standard treatment regimens. Finally, we discuss novel concepts regarding the potential use of macrophages as targets for OSCC immunotherapeutics and suggest future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Marina Kalogirou
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos I Tosios
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Takahashi H, Rokudai S, Kawabata-Iwakawa R, Sakakura K, Oyama T, Nishiyama M, Chikamatsu K. AKT3 Is a Novel Regulator of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061233. [PMID: 33799788 PMCID: PMC7998536 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promote epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression, resulting in tumor progression. The PI3K-AKT pathway is known to play vital roles in various cellular activities, including proliferation, growth, metabolism, and survival. In the present study, we sought to identify the key regulator of CAFs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and elucidated the vital roles of AKT3, one of the AKT isoforms, in CAFs. A loss-of-function approach revealed that AKT3 in CAFs promoted their myofibroblastic phenotype and immunosuppressive characteristics. Moreover, the infiltration of AKT3-positive CAFs into tumors was positively correlated with that of various immune cells and an unfavorable prognosis in HNSCC patients. Our findings suggest that AKT3 is a potential biomarker to evaluate the CAF activity and immunosuppressive microenvironment in HNSCC. Furthermore, AKT3 is a potential target for cancer therapy that inhibits the pro-tumoral function of CAFs. Abstract Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play vital roles in tumor progression by promoting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression. In the present study, we sought to identify the key regulators of the pro-tumoral functions of CAFs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). mRNA expression data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed that CAF-specific mRNA expression correlated with genes that relate to an immunosuppressive microenvironment in a HNSCC cohort. RNA sequencing of CAFs and normal fibroblasts isolated from HNSCC specimens identified 1127 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and several upregulated pathways in CAFs. Among the 1127 DEGs, we identified 13 immune function-related genes and focused on AKT3 as a potential regulator of CAFs. The targeted depletion of AKT3 in CAFs revealed that AKT3 promotes their myofibroblastic phenotype. AKT3-transduced CAFs exhibited downregulated the expression of immunosuppressive cytokine genes, impairing T-cell suppression and pro-tumoral macrophage induction. The immunohistochemistry of 72 HNSCC patients showed that AKT3 expression in CAFs positively correlated with tumor infiltration by CAFs, tumor-associated macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells. Moreover, AKT3 expression in CAFs was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. In conclusion, AKT3 is a potential target for cancer therapy that inhibits the pro-tumoral function of CAFs and reverses CAF-mediated immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Takahashi
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; (H.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Susumu Rokudai
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Gunma University, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan;
| | - Reika Kawabata-Iwakawa
- Division of Integrate Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; (R.K.-I.); (M.N.)
| | - Koichi Sakakura
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; (H.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan;
| | - Masahiko Nishiyama
- Division of Integrate Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; (R.K.-I.); (M.N.)
| | - Kazuaki Chikamatsu
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; (H.T.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-27-220-8350; Fax: +81-27-220-8369
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Cui C, Xu C, Yang W, Chi Z, Sheng X, Si L, Xie Y, Yu J, Wang S, Yu R, Guo J, Kong Y. Ratio of the interferon-γ signature to the immunosuppression signature predicts anti-PD-1 therapy response in melanoma. NPJ Genom Med 2021; 6:7. [PMID: 33542239 PMCID: PMC7862369 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-021-00169-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatments produce clinical benefit in many patients. However, better pretreatment predictive biomarkers for ICI are still needed to help match individual patients to the treatment most likely to be of benefit. Existing gene expression profiling (GEP)-based biomarkers for ICI are primarily focused on measuring a T cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment that contributes positively to the response to ICI. Here, we identified an immunosuppression signature (IMS) through analyzing RNA sequencing data from a combined discovery cohort (n = 120) consisting of three publicly available melanoma datasets. Using the ratio of an established IFN-γ signature and IMS led to consistently better prediction of the ICI therapy outcome compared to a collection of nine published GEP signatures from the literature on a newly generated internal validation cohort (n = 55) and three published datasets of metastatic melanoma treated with anti-PD-1 (n = 54) and anti-CTLA-4 (n = 42), as well as in patients with gastric cancer treated with anti-PD-1 (n = 45), demonstrating the potential utility of IMS as a predictive biomarker that complements existing GEP signatures for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanliang Cui
- Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Canqiang Xu
- Aginome-XMU Joint lab, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wenxian Yang
- Aginome-XMU Joint lab, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhihong Chi
- Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xinan Sheng
- Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Si
- Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yihong Xie
- Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyu Yu
- Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shun Wang
- Department of Computer Science, School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Rongshan Yu
- Aginome-XMU Joint lab, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
- Department of Computer Science, School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Jun Guo
- Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China.
| | - Yan Kong
- Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China.
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Khan SM, Prakash N, Pradeep GL, Mahajan A, Mokashi RR, Patil R. Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer expression in histological grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma - An immunohistochemical study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2021; 24:530-535. [PMID: 33967492 PMCID: PMC8083423 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_26_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of head-and-neck cancer. It is a complex and relentless malignancy prone to local invasion and dissemination. An insight into the molecular alterations associated with metastasis will provide critical insights into the fundamental mechanisms underlying its progression and further contribute to improvements in the clinical management of H and N cancer patients. Hence, identifying specific biomarkers would pave the way for early detection and prognosis of OSCC. Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) is a membrane-bound glycoprotein found on the surface of tumor cells. It plays a central role in the promotion of tumor invasion, progression and metastasis as it upregulates matrix metalloproteinases secreted from adjacent fibroblasts. There is a paucity of studies on the expression of EMMPRIN in OSCC. Objectives: The aim is to assess the immunohistochemical expression of EMMPRIN in OSCC and to compare it with the clinicopathological parameters and histological grades of OSCC. Materials and Methods: Thirty histopathologically diagnosed cases of OSCC were included in the study. The slides were immunohistochemically analyzed for EMMPRIN expression and correlated with the clinicopathological parameters and histological grades of OSCC. Results: EMMPRIN expression was noted in all 30 cases of OSCC. Strong EMMPRIN expression was noted in the advanced clinical stages of OSCC. Higher histological grades of OSCC exhibited strong EMMPRIN expression. Conclusion: EMMPRIN overexpression indicates that this protein could be used as an important biological prognostic marker to identify high-risk OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nilima Prakash
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, MGV'S KBH Dental College and Hospital, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - G L Pradeep
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, MGV'S KBH Dental College and Hospital, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aarti Mahajan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, MGV'S KBH Dental College and Hospital, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rizwan Raiskhan Mokashi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SMBT Institute of Dental Sciences, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rekha Patil
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, MGV'S KBH Dental College and Hospital, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
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Chaudhari N, Prakash N, Pradeep GL, Mahajan A, Lunawat S, Salunkhe V. Evaluation of density of tumor-associated macrophages using CD163 in histological grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma, an immunohistochemical study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2021; 24:577. [PMID: 33967504 PMCID: PMC8083437 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_109_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Macrophages account for 30%–50% of the total inflammatory cell population of ''tumor microenvironment'' that plays an important role in cancer metastasis. M2 macrophages are designated as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). They are known to orchestrate all the stages of tumor progression. CD163 is TAMs–M2-specific marker. Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of TAMs using CD163 in different histological grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Setting and Design: Expression of CD 163 was investigated in 30 histopthologically diagnosed cases of OSCC. Materials and Methods: Two sections of 4-μ thickness were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, CD163 (Cell Marque, USA). The expression of TAMs with CD163-positive cells was done by counting the number of macrophages in three high-power fields (×400), and the mean number of macrophages per HPF was evaluated. Statistical Analysis: The statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Software SPSS version 20.0. Results: CD163 TAMs score increasing in higher tumor, node, metastasis stages with significant positive correlation. Conclusion: With higher histological grades, CD163 TAMs score increased. Thus, TAMs may be considered as an independent factor for determining the progression of the tumor. The immunotherapeutic approaches to control M2 TAM numbers could protect against progression to malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayana Chaudhari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, MGV'S K.B.H. Dental College and Hospital, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nilima Prakash
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, MGV'S K.B.H. Dental College and Hospital, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - G L Pradeep
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, MGV'S K.B.H. Dental College and Hospital, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aarti Mahajan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, MGV'S K.B.H. Dental College and Hospital, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Snehal Lunawat
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, SMBT College and Hospital Research Center, Ghoti, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vaibhavi Salunkhe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, MGV'S K.B.H. Dental College and Hospital, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
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Peña-Oyarzún D, Reyes M, Hernández-Cáceres MP, Kretschmar C, Morselli E, Ramirez-Sarmiento CA, Lavandero S, Torres VA, Criollo A. Role of Autophagy in the Microenvironment of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:602661. [PMID: 33363032 PMCID: PMC7756113 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.602661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma, the most common type of oral cancer, affects more than 275,000 people per year worldwide. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is very aggressive, as most patients die after 3 to 5 years post-diagnosis. The initiation and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma are multifactorial: smoking, alcohol consumption, and human papilloma virus infection are among the causes that promote its development. Although oral squamous cell carcinoma involves abnormal growth and migration of oral epithelial cells, other cell types such as fibroblasts and immune cells form the carcinoma niche. An underlying inflammatory state within the oral tissue promotes differential stress-related responses that favor oral squamous cell carcinoma. Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process that allows cancer cells to survive under stress conditions. Autophagy degrades cellular components by sequestering them in vesicles called autophagosomes, which ultimately fuse with lysosomes. Although several autophagy markers have been associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma, it remains unclear whether up- or down-regulation of autophagy favors its progression. Autophagy levels during oral squamous cell carcinoma are both timing- and cell-specific. Here we discuss how autophagy is required to establish a new cellular microenvironment in oral squamous cell carcinoma and how autophagy drives the phenotypic change of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by promoting crosstalk between carcinoma cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Peña-Oyarzún
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas & Farmacéuticas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Odontología, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Autophagy Research Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Montserrat Reyes
- Departamento de Patología y Medicina Oral, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Paz Hernández-Cáceres
- Autophagy Research Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina Kretschmar
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas & Farmacéuticas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Odontología, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Autophagy Research Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- Autophagy Research Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cesar A Ramirez-Sarmiento
- Facultades de Ingenieria, Medicina y Ciencias Biológicas, Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas & Farmacéuticas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Vicente A Torres
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas & Farmacéuticas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Odontología, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfredo Criollo
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas & Farmacéuticas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Odontología, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Autophagy Research Center, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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43
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Knops AM, South A, Rodeck U, Martinez-Outschoorn U, Harshyne LA, Johnson J, Luginbuhl AJ, Curry JM. Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Density, Prognostic Characteristics, and Recurrence in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:565306. [PMID: 33330034 PMCID: PMC7729160 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.565306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The progression and clinical course of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) relies on complex interactions between cancer and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Among the most abundant of these stromal cells are cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). While their contribution to tumor progression is widely acknowledged, and various CAF-targeted treatments are under development, the relationship between CAF density and the clinicopathologic course of HNSCC has not been clearly defined. Here we examine the published evidence investigating the relationship of cancer-associated fibroblasts to local recurrence and indicators of prognostic significance in HNSCC. Methods We conducted a meta-analysis of existing publications that compare the relationship between CAF density, local recurrence, and clinically significant pathologic criteria of disease development (T stage, nodal positivity, clinical stage, vascular invasion, perineural invasion, Ki67 expression, and differentiation). Thirteen studies met the selection criteria, providing a total study population of 926 patients. Forest plots and risk ratios were generated to illustrate overall relationships. Results Higher CAF density within the tumor microenvironment is associated with advanced T stage, nodal infiltration, clinical stage, vascular invasion, perineural invasion, Ki67 expression, and differentiation (p <0.05). High CAF density is also associated with increased rates of local recurrence (p <0.001). Conclusions Across multiple studies, increased CAF density is correlated with histopathological criteria of poor prognosis in HNSCC. These findings highlight that CAFs may play a pivotal role in HNSCC development and progression. Staining for CAFs may represent a valuable addition to current pathologic analysis and help to guide prognosis and treatment. Understanding the mechanisms by which CAFs reciprocally interact with cancer cells will be crucial for optimization of TME-focused treatment of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Knops
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Andrew South
- Department of Dermatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ulrich Rodeck
- Department of Dermatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Larry A Harshyne
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jennifer Johnson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Adam J Luginbuhl
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Joseph M Curry
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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44
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Alves A, Diel L, Ramos G, Pinto A, Bernardi L, Yates J, Lamers M. Tumor microenvironment and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A crosstalk between the inflammatory state and tumor cell migration. Oral Oncol 2020; 112:105038. [PMID: 33129055 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.105038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the inflammatory millieu in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tumors and the influence of macrophages related-cytokines on the tumor cell migration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Inflammatory protein profile and macrophage population (M2/M1 ratio) of human OSCC fragments were analyzed by proteomic analysis and flow cytometry assay respectively. To evaluate the effects of inflammation on OSCC behavior, we analyzed the role of polarized macrophages and cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α) on OSCC cell lines (SCC25 and Cal27) responsiveness by western blotting (cell signaling) and time-lapse (cell migration). Also, it was addressed the crosstalk of IL-6-STAT3 axis with cell migration signaling using a STAT3 inhibitor (Stattic®) and a pull down assay for the RhoGTPase Rac1 activity. RESULTS It was observed a ~2 fold predominance of M2 over M1 macrophages and a pro-inflammatory state in OSCC fragments. The M2 conditioned media increased migration speed and directionality of highly invasive OSCC cells (SCC25). OSCC cell lines were responsive to cytokine stimuli (IL6, IL-1β and TNF-α), but only IL-6 increased migration properties of OSCC cells. This effect was dependent on STAT3-phosphorylation levels, which interfered with Rac1 activation levels. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the inflammatory milieu might favor invasion and metastasis of OSCC by the direct effect of macrophage-related cytokines on tumor migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Alves
- School of Dentistry, University Center Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Diel
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Grasieli Ramos
- School of Dentistry, University of Oeste de Santa Catarina, Joaçaba, SC, Brazil
| | - Antônio Pinto
- Clayton Foundation Peptide Biology Lab, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, United States
| | - Lisiane Bernardi
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - John Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, United States.
| | - Marcelo Lamers
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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45
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Abstract
Head and neck cancer is a group of neoplastic diseases affecting the facial, oral, and neck region. It is one of the most common cancers worldwide with an aggressive, invasive evolution. Due to the heterogeneity of the tissues affected, it is particularly challenging to study the molecular mechanisms at the basis of these tumors, and to date we are still lacking accurate targets for prevention and therapy. The Notch signaling is involved in a variety of tumorigenic mechanisms, such as regulation of the tumor microenvironment, aberrant intercellular communication, and altered metabolism. Here, we provide an up-to-date review of the role of Notch in head and neck cancer and draw parallels with other types of solid tumors where the Notch pathway plays a crucial role in emergence, maintenance, and progression of the disease. We therefore give a perspective view on the importance of the pathway in neoplastic development in order to define future lines of research and novel therapeutic approaches.
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46
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Dossou AS, Sabnis N, Nagarajan B, Mathew E, Fudala R, Lacko AG. Lipoproteins and the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1272:93-116. [PMID: 32845504 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-48457-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a key role in enhancing the growth of malignant tumors and thus contributing to "aggressive phenotypes," supporting sustained tumor growth and metastasis. The precise interplay between the numerous components of the TME that contribute to the emergence of these aggressive phenotypes is yet to be elucidated and currently under intense investigation. The purpose of this article is to identify specific role(s) for lipoproteins as part of these processes that facilitate (or oppose) malignant growth as they interact with specific components of the TME during tumor development and treatment. Because of the scarcity of literature reports regarding the interaction of lipoproteins with the components of the tumor microenvironment, we were compelled to explore topics that were only tangentially related to this topic, to ensure that we have not missed any important concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akpedje Serena Dossou
- Lipoprotein Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Nirupama Sabnis
- Lipoprotein Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Bhavani Nagarajan
- Lipoprotein Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Ezek Mathew
- Lipoprotein Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Rafal Fudala
- Lipoprotein Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Andras G Lacko
- Lipoprotein Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA. .,Departments of Physiology/Anatomy and Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
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47
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Intraepithelial Macrophage Expressing CD163 Is a Histopathological Clue to Evaluate the Malignant Potency of Oral Lichenoid Condition: A Case Report and Immunohistochemical Investigation. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10090624. [PMID: 32842506 PMCID: PMC7555841 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10090624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral lichenoid conditions (OLC), including oral lichen planus (OLP), oral lichenoid lesions and oral lichenoid dysplasia, differ in pathogenesis and biological malignancy. However, distinguishing them based on clinical or histological features is difficult. It is well known that CD163+ macrophages are associated with oral cancer aggressiveness. We recently demonstrated that CD163+ macrophages of noncancerous lesions infiltrate the stroma, not the intraepithelial area. In this report, we describe a case of OLC that was not detected as malignant by the first local biopsy. Furthermore, we evaluated the malignant potency of OLC by retrospectively comparing the histological findings between local biopsy and resected specimens focusing on CD163+ macrophages. A 72-year-old man with a white lesion in the unilateral buccal mucosa was diagnosed with OLP through the biopsy although invasive cancer was detected two years later. Intraepithelial CD163+ macrophages were found not only on the resected specimen but also biopsy. This is the first report to demonstrate that intraepithelial CD163+ macrophages may be noteworthy indicators to identify the malignant potency of OLC.
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48
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Jena BC, Das CK, Bharadwaj D, Mandal M. Cancer associated fibroblast mediated chemoresistance: A paradigm shift in understanding the mechanism of tumor progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188416. [PMID: 32822826 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
One of the undeniable issues with cancer eradication is the evolution of chemoresistance in due course of treatment, and the mechanisms of chemoresistance have been the subject of extensive research for several years. The efficacy of chemotherapy is hindered by cancer epithelium, mostly in a cell-autonomous mechanism. However, recently the valid experimental evidence showed that the surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME) is equivalently responsible for the induction of chemoresistance. Of the verities of cells in the tumor microenvironment, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the major cellular component of TME and act as a key regulator in the acquisition of cancer chemoresistance by providing a protective niche to the cancer cells against the anti-cancer drugs. Moreover, the symbiotic relationship between the tumor and CAFs to obtain key resources such as growth factors and nutrients for optimal tumor growth and proliferation favors the chemoresistance phenotype. Here, in this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of our knowledge of the role of the CAFs in inducing chemoresistance and tumor progression. We also further delineated the emerging events leading to the CAF origins and activation of normal fibroblasts to CAFs. Along with this, we also discuss the novel area of research confined to the CAF targeted therapies of cancer. The identification of CAF-specific markers may allow unveiling new targets and avenues for blunting or reverting the detrimental pro-tumorigenic potential of CAFs in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Chandra Jena
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Chandan Kanta Das
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Deblina Bharadwaj
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.
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49
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Skytthe MK, Graversen JH, Moestrup SK. Targeting of CD163 + Macrophages in Inflammatory and Malignant Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5497. [PMID: 32752088 PMCID: PMC7432735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The macrophage is a key cell in the pro- and anti-inflammatory response including that of the inflammatory microenvironment of malignant tumors. Much current drug development in chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer therefore focuses on the macrophage as a target for immunotherapy. However, this strategy is complicated by the pleiotropic phenotype of the macrophage that is highly responsive to its microenvironment. The plasticity leads to numerous types of macrophages with rather different and, to some extent, opposing functionalities, as evident by the existence of macrophages with either stimulating or down-regulating effect on inflammation and tumor growth. The phenotypes are characterized by different surface markers and the present review describes recent progress in drug-targeting of the surface marker CD163 expressed in a subpopulation of macrophages. CD163 is an abundant endocytic receptor for multiple ligands, quantitatively important being the haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex. The microenvironment of inflammation and tumorigenesis is particular rich in CD163+ macrophages. The use of antibodies for directing anti-inflammatory (e.g., glucocorticoids) or tumoricidal (e.g., doxorubicin) drugs to CD163+ macrophages in animal models of inflammation and cancer has demonstrated a high efficacy of the conjugate drugs. This macrophage-targeting approach has a low toxicity profile that may highly improve the therapeutic window of many current drugs and drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K. Skytthe
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (M.K.S.); (S.K.M.)
| | - Jonas Heilskov Graversen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (M.K.S.); (S.K.M.)
| | - Søren K. Moestrup
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (M.K.S.); (S.K.M.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
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50
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Wondergem NE, Nauta IH, Muijlwijk T, Leemans CR, van de Ven R. The Immune Microenvironment in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: on Subsets and Subsites. Curr Oncol Rep 2020; 22:81. [PMID: 32602047 PMCID: PMC7324425 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-020-00938-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand why some patients respond to immunotherapy but many do not, a clear picture of the tumor microenvironment (TME) of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is key. Here we review the current understanding on the immune composition per HNSCC subsite, the importance of the tumor's etiology and the prognostic power of specific immune cells. RECENT FINDINGS Large cohort data are mostly based on deconvolution of transcriptional databases. Studies focusing on infiltrate localization often entail small cohorts, a mixture of HNSCC subsites, or focus on a single immune marker rather than the interaction between cells within the TME. Conclusions on the prognostic impact of specific immune cells in HNSCC are hampered by the use of heterogeneous or small cohorts. To move forward, the field should focus on deciphering the immune composition per HNSCC subsite, in powered cohorts and considering the molecular diversity in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels E Wondergem
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University medical center, De Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irene H Nauta
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University medical center, De Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tara Muijlwijk
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University medical center, De Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C René Leemans
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University medical center, De Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rieneke van de Ven
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University medical center, De Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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