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Valente WAS, Barrocas D, Armada L, Pires FR. Expression of epithelial growth factors and of apoptosis-regulating proteins, and presence of CD57+ cells in the development of inflammatory periapical lesions. J Appl Oral Sci 2022; 30:e20210413. [PMID: 35195153 PMCID: PMC8860407 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2021-0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that stimulate the proliferation of epithelial cells in inflammatory periapical lesions are not completely understood and the literature suggests that changes in the balance between apoptosis and immunity regulation appear to influence this process.
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Christopher JR, Ponnaiyan D, Parthasarathy H, Tadepalli A. Association of CST3 Gene with Its Protein: Cystatin C in Health and Severe Periodontal Disease. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2021; 25:405-410. [PMID: 34037438 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2021.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cystatin C (CSTC), a cysteine protease inhibitor, is found to be elevated in periodontal disease in an attempt to counterbalance the proteolytic enzymes and increased osteoclastic activity. Evidence on CSTC levels in periodontal health and disease has reported contradicting results, making its role as a biomarker in periodontal pathogenesis inconclusive. Aim: To evaluate CST3 gene expression and correlate it with CSTC levels in periodontal health and severe periodontal disease. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 patients with 25 in each group (Group I-periodontally healthy, Group II-Stage III/IV periodontitis) were recruited. Clinical parameters were assessed following which gingival crevicular fluid and gingival tissue samples were collected from tooth deemed for extraction. CSTC protein level and CST3 gene expression were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Results: Elevated concentrations of CSTC protein and CST3 gene expression were observed in Group II in comparison with Group I, which was considered statistically significant (p < 0.001). Further, a highly significant (p < 0.001) positive correlation was witnessed between CSTC protein and CST3 gene in both groups. In addition, the overall correlation between CSTC protein, CST3 gene, and clinical parameters was positive and highly significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion: CSTC protein levels and CST3 gene expression were significantly higher in periodontal disease compared with health, and there was a positive correlation between the gene and protein levels. Therefore, it can be concluded that CST3 gene can be used as a reliable indicator of periodontal disease pathogenesis. Clinical Trial Registration number: CTRI/2020/03/023926.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepa Ponnaiyan
- Department of Periodontics, SRM Dental College, Chennai, India
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Aw J, Scholz GM, Huq NL, Huynh J, O'Brien-Simpson NM, Reynolds EC. Interplay betweenPorphyromonas gingivalisand EGF signalling in the regulation of CXCL14. Cell Microbiol 2018; 20:e12837. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Aw
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Glen M. Scholz
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Noorjahan Laila Huq
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Jennifer Huynh
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Neil M. O'Brien-Simpson
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Eric C. Reynolds
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
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Xu HL, Xu J, Shen BX, Zhang SS, Jin BH, Zhu QY, ZhuGe DL, Wu XQ, Xiao J, Zhao YZ. Dual Regulations of Thermosensitive Heparin-Poloxamer Hydrogel Using ε-Polylysine: Bioadhesivity and Controlled KGF Release for Enhancing Wound Healing of Endometrial Injury. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:29580-29594. [PMID: 28809108 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel was not only used as an effective support matrix to prevent intrauterine adhesion after endometrial injury but also served as scaffold to sustain release of some therapeutics, especially growth factor. However, because of the rapid turnover of the endometrial mucus, the poor retention and bad absorption of therapeutic agents in damaged endometrial cavity were two important factors hindering their pharmacologic effect. Herein, a mucoadhesive hydrogel was described by using heparin-modified poloxamer (HP) as the matrix material and ε-polylysine (EPL) as functional excipient. Various EPL-HP hydrogels formulations are screened by rheological evaluation and mucoadhesion studies. It was found that the rheological and mucoadhesive properties of EPL-HP hydrogels were easily controlled by changing the amount of EPL in formulation. The storage modulus of EPL-HP hydrogel with 90 μg/mL of EPL (EPL-HP-90) was elevated to be 1.9 × 105 Pa, in accordance with the adhesion force rising to 3.18 N (10-fold higher than HP hydrogels). Moreover, in vitro release of model drug keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) from EPL-HP hydrogel was significantly accelerated by adding EPL in comparison with HP hydrogel. Both strong mucoadhesive ability and the accelerated drug release behavior for EPL-HP-90 made more of the encapsulated KGF absorbed by the uterus basal layer and endometrial glands after 8 h of administration in uterus cavity. Meanwhile, the morphology of endometrium in the injured uterus was repaired well after 3 d of treatment with KGF-EPL-HP-90 hydrogels. Compared with KGF-HP group, not only proliferation of endometrial epithelial cell and glands but also angiogenesis in the regenerated endometrium was obviously enhanced after treatment with KGF-EPL-HP-90 hydrogels. Alternatively, the cellular apoptosis in the damaged endometrium was significantly inhibited after treatment with KGF-EPL-HP-90 hydrogels. Overall, the mucoadhesive EPL-HP hydrogel with a suitable KGF release profile may be a more promising approach than HP hydrogel alone to repair the injured endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Lin Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China
| | - Bi-Xin Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China
| | - Si-Si Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China
| | - Bing-Hui Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China
| | - Qun-Yan Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China
| | - De-Li ZhuGe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China
| | - Xue-Qing Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China
| | - Ying-Zheng Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325035, China
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Alssum L, Eubank TD, Roy S, Erdal BS, Yildiz VO, Tatakis DN, Leblebicioglu B. Gingival Perfusion and Tissue Biomarkers During Early Healing of Postextraction Regenerative Procedures: A Prospective Case Series. J Periodontol 2017. [PMID: 28644107 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2017.170117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postextraction alveolar bone loss, mostly affecting the buccal plate, occurs despite regenerative procedures. To better understand possible determinants, this prospective case series assesses gingival blood perfusion and tissue molecular responses in relation to postextraction regenerative outcomes. METHODS Adults scheduled to receive bone grafting in maxillary, non-molar, single-tooth extraction sites were recruited. Clinical documentation included the following: 1) probing depth (PD); 2) keratinized tissue width (KT); 3) tissue biotype (TB); and 4) plaque level. Wound closure was clinically evaluated. Gingival blood perfusion was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). Wound fluid (WF) and gingival biopsies were analyzed for protein levels and gene expression, respectively, of relevant molecular markers. Bone healing outcomes were determined radiographically (cone-beam computed tomography). Healing was followed for 4 months. RESULTS Data from 15 patients are reported. Postoperatively, neither complications nor changes in PD, KT, or TB were observed. LDF revealed decreased perfusion followed by hyperemia that persisted for 1 month (P ≤0.05). WF levels of angiopoietin-2, interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and vascular endothelial growth factor peaked on day 6 (P ≤0.05) and decreased thereafter. Only IL-8 and TNF-α exhibited increased gene expression. Linear bone changes were negligible. Volumetric bone changes were minimal but statistically significant, with more bone loss when membrane was used (P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Gingival blood perfusion after postextraction bone regenerative procedures follows an ischemia-reperfusion model. Transient increases in angiogenic factor levels and prolonged hyperemia characterize the soft tissue response. These soft tissue responses do not determine radiographic bone changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamees Alssum
- Currently, Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; previously, Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Timothy D Eubank
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology; School of Medicine; West Virginia University; Morgantown, WV
| | - Sashwati Roy
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University
| | - Barbaros S Erdal
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University
| | - Vedat O Yildiz
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University
| | - Dimitris N Tatakis
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University
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Thennavan A, Sharma M, Chandrashekar C, Hunter K, Radhakrishnan R. Exploring the potential of laser capture microdissection technology in integrated oral biosciences. Oral Dis 2016; 23:737-748. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Thennavan
- Department of Oral Pathology; Manipal College of Dental Sciences; Manipal Karnataka India
| | - M Sharma
- Pacific Academy of Higher Education and Research (PAHER) University; Udaipur Rajasthan India
- Department of Oral Pathology; ITS Dental College; Hospital and Research Center; Greater Noida India
| | - C Chandrashekar
- Department of Oral Pathology; Manipal College of Dental Sciences; Manipal Karnataka India
| | - K Hunter
- School of Clinical Dentistry; The University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - R Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology; Manipal College of Dental Sciences; Manipal Karnataka India
- School of Clinical Dentistry; The University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
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Choi YS, Kim YC, Ji S, Choi Y. Increased bacterial invasion and differential expression of tight-junction proteins, growth factors, and growth factor receptors in periodontal lesions. J Periodontol 2014; 85:e313-22. [PMID: 24527855 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2014.130740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many pathogens are known to modulate epithelial physical barriers, particularly tight-junction (TJ) proteins, to enter host cells and/or tissues. Growth factors have been implicated in the regulation of TJ proteins. The aim of this study is to determine differences in the levels of TJ proteins, growth factors, and their receptors in relation to bacterial invasion in diseased gingival tissues obtained from patients with periodontitis. METHODS The presence of bacteria and expression of junctional adhesion molecule (JAM)-A, occludin, epidermal growth factor (EGF), keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), EGF receptor, KGF receptor, and IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) were evaluated in gingival tissues from healthy (n = 10) and diseased (n = 10) sites in patients with periodontitis by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The bacterial invasion of gingival tissue was increased in periodontal lesions compared with healthy sites. Although the levels of JAM-A and occludin were not significantly different between the healthy and diseased sites, aberrant cytoplasmic expression of JAM-A and occluding was often observed in the lesions. In addition, more leukocytes expressing JAM-A or occludin were observed within the disease-associated epithelia. Compared with the healthy sites, the differential expression of KGF, IGF-I, and IGF-1R was observed in the periodontal lesions. The levels of TJ proteins showed positive correlations with those of growth factors. CONCLUSION The aberrant expression of growth factors and TJ proteins may contribute to increased bacterial invasion and disease progression in periodontal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun S Choi
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Gragnani A, Müller BR, Silva IDCGD, Noronha SMRD, Ferreira LM. Keratinocyte growth factor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta gene expression in cultured fibroblasts and keratinocytes from burned patients. Acta Cir Bras 2013; 28:551-8. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502013000800001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Kraus D, Winter J, Jepsen S, Jäger A, Meyer R, Deschner J. Interactions of adiponectin and lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis on human oral epithelial cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30716. [PMID: 22319581 PMCID: PMC3271106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by pathogenic microorganisms, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, and characterized by the destruction of the periodontium. Obese individuals have an increased risk for periodontitis and show decreased serum levels of adiponectin. This in-vitro study was established to examine whether adiponectin modulates critical effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from P. gingivalis on oral epithelial cells (OECs). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The presence of adiponectin and its receptors in human gingival tissue samples and OECs was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and PCR. Furthermore, OECs were treated with LPS and/or adiponectin for up to 72 h, and the gene expression and protein synthesis of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and growth factors were analyzed by real-time PCR and ELISA. Additionally, cell proliferation, differentiation and in-vitro wound healing were studied. The nuclear translocation of NFκB was investigated by immunofluorescence. Gingival tissue sections showed a strong synthesis of adiponectin and its receptors in the epithelial layer. In cell cultures, LPS induced a significant up-regulation of interleukin (IL) 1β, IL6, IL8, MMP1 and MMP3. Adiponectin abrogated significantly the stimulatory effects of LPS on these molecules. Similarly, adiponectin inhibited significantly the LPS-induced decrease in cell viability and increase in cell proliferation and differentiation. Adiponectin led to a time-dependent induction of the anti-inflammatory mediators IL10 and heme oxygenase 1, and blocked the LPS-stimulated NFκB nuclear translocation. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Adiponectin may counteract critical actions of P. gingivalis on oral epithelial cells. Low levels of adiponectin, as observed in obese individuals, may increase the risk for periodontal inflammation and destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Kraus
- Department of Prosthodontics, Preclinical Education, and Material Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Clinical Research Unit 208, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jochen Winter
- Clinical Research Unit 208, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Søren Jepsen
- Clinical Research Unit 208, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Jäger
- Clinical Research Unit 208, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rainer Meyer
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - James Deschner
- Clinical Research Unit 208, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Larjava H, Koivisto L, Häkkinen L, Heino J. Epithelial integrins with special reference to oral epithelia. J Dent Res 2011; 90:1367-76. [PMID: 21441220 PMCID: PMC3215754 DOI: 10.1177/0022034511402207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesion of epithelium to the extracellular matrix is crucial for the maintenance of systemic and oral health. In the oral cavity, teeth or artificial dental implants penetrate the soft tissue of the gingiva. In this interface, gingival soft tissue needs to be well attached via the epithelial seal to the tooth or implant surface to maintain health. After injury or wounding, epithelial tissue rapidly migrates to form the initial epithelial cover to restore the barrier against infection. These events are crucially dependent on deposition of extracellular matrix and proper activation and function of integrin receptors in the epithelial cells. Recent experimental evidence suggests that epithelial integrins also participate in the regulation of periodontal inflammation. In this review, we will discuss the structure and function of epithelial integrins and their extracellular ligands and elaborate on their potential role in disease and repair processes in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Larjava
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Abstract
Laser capture microdissection (LCM) allows for the microscopic procurement of specific cell types from tissue sections that can then be used for gene expression analysis. According to the recent development of the LCM technologies and methodologies, the LCM has been used in various kinds of tissue specimens in dental research. For example, the real-time polymerase-chain reaction (PCR) can be performed from the formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded, and immunostained sections. Thus, the advance of immuno-LCM method allows us to improve the validity of molecular biological analysis and to get more accurate diagnosis in pathological field in contrast to conventional LCM. This paper is focused on the presentation and discussion of the existing literature that covers the fields of RNA analysis following LCM in dentistry.
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A tissue-engineered trachea derived from a framed collagen scaffold, gingival fibroblasts and adipose-derived stem cells. Biomaterials 2010; 31:4855-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Rakmanee T, Olsen I, Griffiths GS, Donos N. Development and validation of a multiplex bead assay for measuring growth mediators in wound fluid. Analyst 2009; 135:182-8. [PMID: 20024200 DOI: 10.1039/b911863b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Large amounts of biological samples are usually required to measure multiple components by the enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. However, the amounts of many tissue extracts and fluids, including gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), are generally extremely small. The aim of this study was, therefore, to develop and validate a novel multiplex bead assay (MBA) to simultaneously measure a profile of healing-related mediators in the GCF of treated periodontal wounds. An MBA was developed and validated by assessment of assay selectivity, recovery, precision and sensitivity, using eight recombinant human growth mediators as assay standards. GCF samples were collected on paper strips from healing wound (test) and healthy unaffected (control) sites of 15 patients with periodontitis, seven days post-periodontal surgery. Each GCF sample was eluted and the levels of the mediators measured using the MBA and antibody pairs specific for angiopoietin-1, vascular endothelial growth-factor, bone morphogenetic protein-2, osteoprotegerin, tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-1 (TIMP-1), basic fibroblast growth-factor, keratinocyte growth-factor, and platelet derived growth-factor. Less than 1.8% of cross-reactivity was observed between antibodies and the eight different analytes, for which the recovery was more than 85%. Mean intra- and inter-assay precision were within the acceptance criteria of 20% and 25%, respectively. Detection of all mediators was highly sensitive (<or=70 ng/L) except for TIMP-1 (215 ng/L). Angiogenic factors were the most highly secreted in the GCF seven days post-surgery. This new MBA can simultaneously measure small amounts of eight different growth mediators in the GCF of healing periodontal wounds. It might also be a valuable tool for evaluating the components of wound fluids as a prognostic indicator of the success of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanasak Rakmanee
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute for Oral Health Care Sciences, UCL-Eastman Dental Institute, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London, UK
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Nagarakanti S, Ramya S, Babu P, Arun KV, Sudarsan S. Differential expression of E-cadherin and cytokeratin 19 and net proliferative rate of gingival keratinocytes in oral epithelium in periodontal health and disease. J Periodontol 2008; 78:2197-202. [PMID: 17970688 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2007.070070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of periodontal disease on the oral gingival epithelium (OGE) have not been documented fully because they may not be as dramatic as those seen on the junctional epithelium. The aim of this study was to estimate the changes occurring in the OGE with respect to its proliferation and E-cadherin and cytokeratin 19 (K19) expression during pocket formation. METHODS Gingival samples were collected from 17 periodontally healthy subjects and 18 subjects with chronic periodontitis. K19 and E-cadherin levels were analyzed immunohistochemically. The net proliferative rate was calculated as the difference between the proliferative rate and the apoptotic rate as determined by immunohistochemical analysis of Ki-67 and p53, respectively. RESULTS There was a significant increase in the net proliferative rate of the OGE during pocket formation (periodontitis group, 220.90+/-46.85; healthy group, 107.60+/-25.86; P<0.001). There was a significant reduction in E-cadherin expression (periodontitis group, 0.837+/-0.428; healthy group, 1.846+/-0.555) and a significant increase in K19 expression during pocket formation (periodontitis group, 1.45+/-0.686; healthy group, 0.533+/-0.410). CONCLUSION OGE appears to undergo significant changes in proliferation and differentiation during pocket formation that do not seem to be restricted to proteolytic destruction by the invading microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nagarakanti
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India.
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15
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Kobayashi K, Suzuki T, Nomoto Y, Tada Y, Miyake M, Hazama A, Nakamura T, Omori K. Potential of Heterotopic Fibroblasts as Autologous Transplanted Cells for Tracheal Epithelial Regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 13:2175-84. [PMID: 17539734 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2007.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The tracheal epithelium maintains the health of the respiratory tract through mucociliary clearance and regulation of ion and water balance. When the trachea is surgically removed, artificial grafts have been clinically used by our group to regenerate the trachea. In such cases, the tracheal epithelium needs 2 months for functional regeneration. Previous study has shown that fibroblasts facilitate tracheal epithelial regeneration. In this study, heterotopic fibroblasts originating from the dermis, nasal, and gingival mucosa were cocultured with tracheal epithelial cells to evaluate their potential as autologous transplanted cells for tracheal epithelial regeneration. The epithelia induced by the heterotopic fibroblasts showed differences in structure, cilia development, mucin secretion, and expression of ion and water channels. These results indicated that nasal fibroblasts could not induce mature tracheal epithelium and that dermal fibroblasts induced epidermis-like epithelium. Only the gingival fibroblasts (GFBs) could induce morphologically and functionally normalized tracheal epithelium comparable to the epithelium induced by tracheal fibroblasts. Epithelial cell proliferation and migration were also upregulated by GFBs. These results indicate that GFBs are useful as autologous transplant cells for tracheal epithelial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Kobayashi
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Ekuni D, Firth JD, Putnins EE. Regulation of epithelial cell growth factor receptor protein and gene expression using a rat periodontitis model. J Periodontal Res 2006; 41:340-9. [PMID: 16827730 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2006.00881.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Regulation of epithelial cell behavior associated with periodontitis is not well elucidated but many responses will ultimately be regulated by growth factor receptors. Using a rat experimental periodontitis model, protein and gene expression of select growth factor receptors in junctional and pocket epithelium were examined. MATERIAL AND METHODS Periodontal disease was induced by daily topical application of lipopolysaccharide using an established protocol. Animals were killed at time 0 (control), and at 2 and 8 wk. Frozen tissue samples were collected from the right palatal gingival soft tissue, and the left periodontal tissues were decalcified and embedded in paraffin. Laser microdissection and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to quantify keratinocyte growth factor receptor (KGFR), hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) gene expression, and in situ RT-PCR localized these increases to specific epithelial cells. Receptor protein expression was examined immunohistochemically. In cell culture, induction of HGFR and KGFR protein expression by serum, lipopolysaccharide and pro-inflammatory cytokines were examined using flow cytometry. RESULTS Eight-week tissue samples exhibited histological changes consistent with periodontitis. KGFR and HGFR gene and protein expression were significantly induced at the 8 wk time point. KGFR expression was significantly up-regulated in basal and parabasal pocket epithelial cells, but HGFR was up-regulated throughout the pocket epithelium. In cell culture serum, lipopolysaccharide and pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1beta and tumour necrosis factor-alpha significantly induced KGFR protein receptor expression, but HGFR expression was only induced by serum. CONCLUSION KGFR and HGFR are highly up-regulated in this model of periodontal disease and may play a significant role in regulating the proliferation and migration of pocket epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ekuni
- Department of Oral Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Ekuni D, Firth JD, Putnins EE. RNA integrity and in situ RT-PCR in dento-alveolar tissues after microwave accelerated demineralisation. Arch Oral Biol 2005; 51:164-9. [PMID: 16098949 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2005.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2005] [Revised: 06/13/2005] [Accepted: 06/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The structural organization of oral soft tissue and its relationship with highly calcified teeth are difficult to preserve unless tissues are decalcified, paraffin embedded and subsequently sectioned. However, enamel decalcification time and its negative impact on RNA integrity makes it difficult to effectively analyse in situ gene expression. This study examined the impact of microwave-enhanced decalcification on processing time, RNA integrity and detection of in situ mRNA expression in hard and soft tissue for cell type specific markers of Keratinocyte growth factor receptor, Scleraxis and Osteonectin. DESIGN Maxillas and mandibles were obtained from three male Wistar strain rats. Right side tissues were decalcified using a microwave plus 10% EDTA solution (M+) while left side tissues were decalcified in 10% EDTA solution alone (M-). RESULTS Microwave use reduced decalcification time by up to 50% and had no significant impact on morphology, RNA quality and in situ detection of gene expression relative to the M-group. CONCLUSIONS In situ RT-PCR gene expression of microwave decalcified paraffin-embedded oral tissues is an effective technique to localize in situ gene expression while maintaining excellent soft and hard tissue architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ekuni
- Department of Oral Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
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