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Sapkota A, Halder SK, Milner R. Cerebral arterioles express the laminin subunits α4 and α5 in conjunction with α6β4 integrin, but strongly downregulate laminin α4 during hypoxia-induced arteriogenic remodeling. Microvasc Res 2024; 152:104625. [PMID: 37979909 PMCID: PMC10872476 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that expression of the endothelial laminin receptor α6β4 integrin in the brain is uniquely restricted to arterioles. As exposure to chronic mild hypoxia (CMH, 8 % O2) stimulates robust angiogenic and arteriogenic remodeling responses in the brain, the goal of this study was to determine how CMH influences cerebrovascular expression of the β4 integrin as well as its potential ligands, laminin 411 and 511, containing the α4 and α5 laminin subunits respectively, and then define how aging impacts this expression. We observed the following: (i) CMH launched a robust arteriogenic remodeling response both in the young (10 weeks) and aged (20 months) brain, correlating with an increased number of β4 integrin+ vessels, (ii) while the laminin α4 subunit is expressed evenly across all cerebral blood vessels, laminin α5 was highly expressed preferentially on β4 integrin+ arterioles, (iii) CMH-induced arteriolar remodeling was associated with strong downregulation of the laminin α4 subunit but no change in the laminin α5 subunit, (iv) in addition to its expression on arterioles, β4 integrin was also expressed at lower levels on capillaries specifically in white matter (WM) tracts but not in the grey matter (GM), and (v), these observations were consistent in both the brain and spinal cord, and age had no obvious impact. Taken together, our findings suggest that laminin 511 may be a specific ligand for α6β4 integrin and that dynamic switching of the laminin subunits α4 and α5 might play an instructive role in arteriogenic remodeling. Furthermore, β4 integrin expression differentiates WM from GM capillaries, highlighting a novel and important difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Sapkota
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, 3525 John Hopkins Court, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Sebok K Halder
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, 3525 John Hopkins Court, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Richard Milner
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, 3525 John Hopkins Court, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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2
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Kariya Y, Gu J, Kariya Y. Integrin α6β4 Confers Doxorubicin Resistance in Cancer Cells by Suppressing Caspase-3-Mediated Apoptosis: Involvement of N-Glycans on β4 Integrin Subunit. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1752. [PMID: 38136623 PMCID: PMC10741852 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major obstacle to successful cancer treatment. Therefore, it is essential to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying drug resistance to develop successful therapeutic strategies. α6β4 integrin confers resistance to apoptosis and regulates the survival of cancer cells; however, it remains unclear whether α6β4 integrin is directly involved in chemoresistance. Here, we show that α6β4 integrin promotes doxorubicin resistance by decreasing caspase-3-mediated apoptosis. We found that the overexpression of α6β4 integrin by the β4 integrin gene rendered MDA-MB435S and Panc-1 cells more resistant to doxorubicin than control cells. The acquired resistance to doxorubicin by α6β4 integrin expression was abolished by the deletion of the cytoplasmic signal domain in β4 integrin. Similar results were found in MDA-MB435S and Panc-1 cells when N-glycan-defective β4 integrin mutants were overexpressed or bisecting GlcNAc residues were increased on β4 integrin by the co-expression of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III with β4 integrin. The abrogation of α6β4 integrin-mediated resistance to doxorubicin was accompanied by reduced cell viability and an increased caspase-3 activation. Taken together, our results clearly suggest that α6β4 integrin signaling plays a key role in the doxorubicin resistance of cancer cells, and N-glycans on β4 integrin are involved in the regulation of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinobu Kariya
- Department of Biochemistry, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima City 960-1295, Japan
| | - Jianguo Gu
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Komatsushima 981-8558, Japan;
| | - Yukiko Kariya
- Medical-Industrial Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima City 960-1295, Japan
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3
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Liu F, Gao X, Liu W, Xue W. Mining TCGA and GEO databases for the prediction of poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma based on up-regulated expression of TNS4. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31120. [PMID: 36281194 PMCID: PMC9592303 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the clinical significance of Tensin4 (TNS4) in human cancers, particularly lung cancer, we mined the Cancer Genome Atlas database for lung adenocarcinoma (TCGA-LUAD) and the Gene Expression Omnibus database to predict poor prognosis based on the up-regulated expression of TNS4 in LUAD. The correlation between the clinical pathologic features of patients and TNS4 gene expression was analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the association of clinicopathologic characteristics with the overall survival (OS) of cancer patients using TCGA data. The relationship between TNS4 expression and cancer patient survival was evaluated with Kaplan-Meier survival curves and meta-analyses. GO and KEGG were also included in the data mining methods. The expression level of TNS4 in LUAD tissue was higher than that in adjacent normal tissue (P < .001). According to the Kaplan-Meier survival curve, LUAD patients with high TNS4 expression had worse prognosis than those with low TNS4 expression (P < .001 for OS; P = .028 for progression-free survival). A positive correlation between TNS4 expression and poor OS was found with both univariate and multivariate analyses. Increased TNS4 expression in LUAD was closely correlated with a higher disease stage (P = .007), positive lymph nodes (P = .005), and larger tumor size (P = .002). Moreover, meta-analysis including seven independent datasets showed LUAD patients with higher TNS4 had poorer OS (combined hazard ratio = 1.27, 95% confidence interval 1.16-1.39). In the high-TNS4 population, regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix receptor interactions, and focal adhesion were differentially enriched. Integrin α6β4 and laminin-5 genes were also associated with TNS4. TNS4 expression may be a potential biomarker for predicting poor survival in LUAD. Moreover, the correlation between TNS4 and integrin α6β4 may be attributed to the role of TNS4 in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Nephropathy Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, PR China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Xinliang Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Wujun Xue
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Nephropathy Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, PR China
- * Correspondence: Wujun Xue, Department of Kidney Transplantation, Nephropathy Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, PR China (e-mail: )
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Zheng G, Bouamar H, Cserhati M, Zeballos CR, Mehta I, Zare H, Broome L, Hu R, Lai Z, Chen Y, Sharkey FE, Rani M, Halff GA, Cigarroa FG, Sun LZ. Integrin alpha 6 is upregulated and drives hepatocellular carcinoma progression through integrin α6β4 complex. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:930-943. [PMID: 35657344 PMCID: PMC9329238 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Integrin α6 (ITGA6) forms integrin receptors with either integrin β1 (ITGB1) or integrin β4 (ITGB4). How it functions to regulate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression is not well-elucidated. We found that ITGA6 RNA and protein expression levels are significantly elevated in human HCC tissues in comparison with paired adjacent nontumor tissues by RNA sequencing, RT-qPCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Stable knockdown of ITGA6 with different ITGA6 shRNA expression lentivectors significantly inhibited proliferation, migration and anchorage-independent growth of HCC cell lines in vitro, and xenograft tumor growth in vivo. The inhibition of anchorage-dependent and -independent growth of HCC cell lines was also confirmed with anti-ITGA6 antibody. ITGA6 knockdown was shown to induce cell-cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. Immunoprecipitation assay revealed apparent interaction of ITGA6 with ITGB4, but not ITGB1. Expression studies showed that ITGA6 positively regulates the expression of ITGB4 with no or negative regulation of ITGB1 expression. Finally, while high levels of ITGA6 and ITGB4 together were associated with significantly worse survival of HCC patients in TCGA data set, the association was not significant for high levels of ITGA6 and ITGB1. In conclusion, ITGA6 is upregulated in HCC tumors and has a malignant promoting role in HCC cells through integrin α6β4 complex. Thus, integrin α6β4 may be a therapeutic target for treating patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixi Zheng
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China
| | - Hakim Bouamar
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX
| | - Matyas Cserhati
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX
| | - Carla R. Zeballos
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX
| | - Isha Mehta
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX
| | - Habil Zare
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX
| | - Larry Broome
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX
| | - Ruolei Hu
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX
| | - Zhao Lai
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX
| | - Yidong Chen
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX
| | - Francis E. Sharkey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX
| | - Meenakshi Rani
- Transplant Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX
| | - Glenn A. Halff
- Transplant Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX
| | | | - Lu-Zhe Sun
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX
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5
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Baig MMFA, Zhang QW, Younis MR, Xia XH. A DNA Nanodevice Simultaneously Activating the EGFR and Integrin for Enhancing Cytoskeletal Activity and Cancer Cell Treatment. Nano Lett 2019; 19:7503-7513. [PMID: 31515999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cell-surface receptors (e.g., EGFR and integrin) and their interactions play determining roles in signal transduction and cytoskeletal activation, which affect cell attachment/detachment, invasion, motility, metastasis (intracellular), and cell-cell signaling. For instance, the interactions between the EGFR and integrin (α6β4) may cause increased mechanical force and shear stress via enhanced cytoskeleton activation. Here, we design a DNA nanodevice (DNA-ND) that can simultaneously target the EGFR and integrin receptors on the caveolae. The piconewton (pN) forces in response to the EGFR-integrin coactivation can be sensed upon the unfolding of the DNA hairpin structure on the side arm of the device via changes of the fluorescence and plasmonic signals. We find that simultaneous activation of EGFR-integrin receptors causes enhanced signal transduction, contractions of the cells, and initiation of the biochemical pathways, thus resulting in a change of the cell division and endocytosis/exocytosis processes that affect the cell proliferation/apoptosis. The DNA-ND further enables us to visualize the cointernalization and degradation of the receptors by lysosomes, providing a novel approach toward bioimaging and mechano-pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Muhammad Faran Ashraf Baig
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Qian-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan Younis
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Xing-Hua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
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6
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Yazlovitskaya EM, Viquez OM, Tu T, De Arcangelis A, Georges-Labouesse E, Sonnenberg A, Pozzi A, Zent R. The laminin binding α3 and α6 integrins cooperate to promote epithelial cell adhesion and growth. Matrix Biol 2019; 77:101-116. [PMID: 30193894 PMCID: PMC6399080 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Integrins, the major receptors for cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, regulate multiple cell biological processes including adhesion, migration, proliferation and growth factor-dependent signaling. The principal laminin (LM) binding integrins α3β1, α6β1 and α6β4 are usually co-expressed in cells and bind to multiple laminins with different affinities making it difficult to define their specific function. In this study, we generated kidney epithelial collecting duct (CD) cells that lack both the α3 and α6 integrin subunits. This deletion impaired cell adhesion and migration to LM-332 and LM-511 more than deleting α3 or α6 alone. Cell adhesion mediated by both α3β1 and α6 integrins was PI3K independent, but required K63-linked polyubiquitination of Akt by the ubiquitin-modifying enzyme TRAF6. Moreover, we provide evidence that glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10)- mediated cell signaling, spreading and proliferation were severely compromised in double integrin α3/α6- but not single α3- or α6-null CD cells. Interestingly, these growth factor-dependent cell functions required both PI3K- and TRAF6-dependent Akt activation. These data suggest that expression of the integrin α3 or α6 subunit is sufficient to mediate GDNF- and FGF10-dependent spreading, proliferation and signaling on LM-511. Thus, our study shows that α3 and α6 containing integrins promote distinct functions and signaling by CD cells on laminin substrata.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga M Viquez
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Tianxiang Tu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Adele De Arcangelis
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, Inserm U1258, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Elisabeth Georges-Labouesse
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, Inserm U1258, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Arnoud Sonnenberg
- Division of Cell Biology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066, CX, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Roy Zent
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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7
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Brown CW, Amante JJ, Mercurio AM. Cell clustering mediated by the adhesion protein PVRL4 is necessary for α6β4 integrin-promoted ferroptosis resistance in matrix-detached cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:12741-12748. [PMID: 29934307 PMCID: PMC6102132 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death characterized by the accumulation of lipid-targeting reactive oxygen species that kill cells by damaging their plasma membrane. The lipid repair enzyme GSH peroxidase 4 (GPX4) protects against this oxidative damage and enables cells to resist ferroptosis. Recent work has revealed that matrix-detached carcinoma cells can be susceptible to ferroptosis and that they can evade this fate through the signaling properties of the α6β4 integrin, which sustains GPX4 expression. Although these findings on ferroptosis are provocative, they differ from those in previous studies indicating that matrix-detached cells are prone to apoptosis via a process referred to as anoikis. In an effort to reconcile these discrepant findings, here we observed that matrix-detached epithelial and carcinoma cells cluster spontaneously via a mechanism that involves the cell adhesion protein PVRL4 (also known as Nectin-4). We found that this clustering process allows these cells to survive by stimulating a PVRL4/α6β4/Src signaling axis that sustains GPX4 expression and buffers against lipid peroxidation. In the absence of α6β4, PVRL4-mediated clustering induced an increase in lipid peroxidation that was sufficient for triggering ferroptosis. When the clustering was inhibited, single cells did not exhibit a significant increase in lipid peroxidation in the absence of α6β4, and they were more susceptible to apoptosis than to ferroptosis. These results indicate that ferroptosis induction depends on cell clustering in matrix-detached cells that lack α6β4 and imply that the fate of matrix-detached cells can be determined by the state of their cell-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin W Brown
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - John J Amante
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Arthur M Mercurio
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605.
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8
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Lincoln V, Cogan J, Hou Y, Hirsch M, Hao M, Alexeev V, De Luca M, De Rosa L, Bauer JW, Woodley DT, Chen M. Gentamicin induces LAMB3 nonsense mutation readthrough and restores functional laminin 332 in junctional epidermolysis bullosa. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E6536-E6545. [PMID: 29946029 PMCID: PMC6048497 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1803154115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Herlitz junctional epidermolysis bullosa (H-JEB) is an incurable, devastating, and mostly fatal inherited skin disease for which there is only supportive care. H-JEB is caused by loss-of-function mutations in LAMA3, LAMB3, or LAMC2, leading to complete loss of laminin 332, the major component of anchoring filaments, which mediate epidermal-dermal adherence. LAMB3 (laminin β3) mutations account for 80% of patients with H-JEB, and ∼95% of H-JEB-associated LAMB3 mutations are nonsense mutations leading to premature termination codons (PTCs). In this study, we evaluated the ability of gentamicin to induce PTC readthrough in H-JEB laminin β3-null keratinocytes transfected with expression vectors encoding eight different LAMB3 nonsense mutations. We found that gentamicin induced PTC readthrough in all eight nonsense mutations tested. We next used lentiviral vectors to generate stably transduced H-JEB cells with the R635X and C290X nonsense mutations. Incubation of these cell lines with various concentrations of gentamicin resulted in the synthesis and secretion of full-length laminin β3 in a dose-dependent and sustained manner. Importantly, the gentamicin-induced laminin β3 led to the restoration of laminin 332 assembly, secretion, and deposition within the dermal/epidermal junction, as well as proper polarization of α6β4 integrin in basal keratinocytes, as assessed by immunoblot analysis, immunofluorescent microscopy, and an in vitro 3D skin equivalent model. Finally, newly restored laminin 332 corrected the abnormal cellular phenotype of H-JEB cells by reversing abnormal cell morphology, poor growth potential, poor cell-substratum adhesion, and hypermotility. Therefore, gentamicin may offer a therapy for H-JEB and other inherited skin diseases caused by PTC mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Lincoln
- Department of Dermatology, The Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Jon Cogan
- Department of Dermatology, The Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Yingping Hou
- Department of Dermatology, The Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Michaela Hirsch
- Department of Dermatology, The Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Michelle Hao
- Department of Dermatology, The Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Vitali Alexeev
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Michele De Luca
- Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Laura De Rosa
- Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Johann W Bauer
- EB House Austria and Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - David T Woodley
- Department of Dermatology, The Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Mei Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033;
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9
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Rajan A, Persson BD, Frängsmyr L, Olofsson A, Sandblad L, Heino J, Takada Y, Mould AP, Schnapp LM, Gall J, Arnberg N. Enteric Species F Human Adenoviruses use Laminin-Binding Integrins as Co-Receptors for Infection of Ht-29 Cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10019. [PMID: 29968781 PMCID: PMC6030200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28255-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The enteric species F human adenovirus types 40 and 41 (HAdV-40 and -41) are the third most common cause of infantile gastroenteritis in the world. Knowledge about HAdV-40 and -41 cellular infection is assumed to be fundamentally different from that of other HAdVs since HAdV-40 and -41 penton bases lack the αV-integrin-interacting RGD motif. This motif is used by other HAdVs mainly for internalization and endosomal escape. We hypothesised that the penton bases of HAdV-40 and -41 interact with integrins independently of the RGD motif. HAdV-41 transduction of a library of rodent cells expressing specific human integrin subunits pointed to the use of laminin-binding α2-, α3- and α6-containing integrins as well as other integrins as candidate co-receptors. Specific laminins prevented internalisation and infection, and recombinant, soluble HAdV-41 penton base proteins prevented infection of human intestinal HT-29 cells. Surface plasmon resonance analysis demonstrated that HAdV-40 and -41 penton base proteins bind to α6-containing integrins with an affinity similar to that of previously characterised penton base:integrin interactions. With these results, we propose that laminin-binding integrins are co-receptors for HAdV-40 and -41.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandi Rajan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology/Virology, and, the Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - B David Persson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology/Virology, and, the Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Frängsmyr
- Department of Clinical Microbiology/Virology, and, the Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Linda Sandblad
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jyrki Heino
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Yoshikazu Takada
- Department of Dermatology, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, California, USA
| | - A Paul Mould
- Biomolecular Analysis Core Facility, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lynn M Schnapp
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
| | - Jason Gall
- Vaccine Research Center (VRC), NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Niklas Arnberg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology/Virology, and, the Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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10
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Hahn U. Charomers-Interleukin-6 Receptor Specific Aptamers for Cellular Internalization and Targeted Drug Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122641. [PMID: 29211023 PMCID: PMC5751244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a key player in inflammation and the main factor for the induction of acute phase protein biosynthesis. Further to its central role in many aspects of the immune system, IL-6 regulates a variety of homeostatic processes. To interfere with IL-6 dependent diseases, such as various autoimmune diseases or certain cancers like multiple myeloma or hepatocellular carcinoma associated with chronic inflammation, it might be a sensible strategy to target human IL-6 receptor (hIL-6R) presenting cells with aptamers. We therefore have selected and characterized different DNA and RNA aptamers specifically binding IL-6R. These IL-6R aptamers, however, do not interfere with the IL-6 signaling pathway but are internalized with the receptor and thus can serve as vehicles for the delivery of different cargo molecules like therapeutics. We succeeded in the construction of a chlorin e6 derivatized aptamer to be delivered for targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT). Furthermore, we were able to synthesize an aptamer intrinsically comprising the cytostatic 5-Fluoro-2′-deoxy-uridine for targeted chemotherapy. The α6β4 integrin specific DNA aptamer IDA, also selected in our laboratory is internalized, too. All these aptamers can serve as vehicles for targeted drug delivery into cells. We call them charomers—in memory of Charon, the ferryman in Greek mythology, who ferried the deceased into the underworld.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Hahn
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, MIN-Faculty, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.
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11
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Wang M, Nagle RB, Knudsen BS, Rogers GC, Cress AE. A basal cell defect promotes budding of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:104-110. [PMID: 27609833 PMCID: PMC5394777 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.188177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal cells in a simple secretory epithelium adhere to the extracellular matrix (ECM), providing contextual cues for ordered repopulation of the luminal cell layer. Early high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HG-PIN) tissue has enlarged nuclei and nucleoli, luminal layer expansion and genomic instability. Additional HG-PIN markers include loss of α6β4 integrin or its ligand laminin-332, and budding of tumor clusters into laminin-511-rich stroma. We modeled the invasive budding phenotype by reducing expression of α6β4 integrin in spheroids formed from two normal human stable isogenic prostate epithelial cell lines (RWPE-1 and PrEC 11220). These normal cells continuously spun in culture, forming multicellular spheroids containing an outer laminin-332 layer, basal cells (expressing α6β4 integrin, high-molecular-weight cytokeratin and p63, also known as TP63) and luminal cells that secrete PSA (also known as KLK3). Basal cells were optimally positioned relative to the laminin-332 layer as determined by spindle orientation. β4-integrin-defective spheroids contained a discontinuous laminin-332 layer corresponding to regions of abnormal budding. This 3D model can be readily used to study mechanisms that disrupt laminin-332 continuity, for example, defects in the essential adhesion receptor (β4 integrin), laminin-332 or abnormal luminal expansion during HG-PIN progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdie Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Raymond B Nagle
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Beatrice S Knudsen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Gregory C Rogers
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Anne E Cress
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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12
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Abstract
The integrin α6β4, a major component of hemidesmosomes (HDs), stabilizes keratinocyte cell adhesion to the epidermal basement membrane through binding to the cytoskeletal linker protein plectin and association with keratin filaments. Disruption of the α6β4-plectin interaction through phosphorylation of the β4 subunit results in a reduction in adhesive strength of keratinocytes to laminin-332 and the dissolution of HDs. Previously, we have demonstrated that phosphorylation of T1736 in the C-terminal end of the β4 cytoplasmic domain disrupts the interaction of β4 with the plakin domain of plectin. Furthermore, we showed that β4-T1736 can be phosphorylated by PKD1 in vitro, and although both PMA and EGF induced T1736 phosphorylation, only PMA was able to activate PKD1. Here, we show that depletion of [Ca2+]i augments PMA- and EGF-induced phosphorylation of β4-T1736 and that this is caused by inhibition of the calcium-sensitive protein phosphatase calcineurin and augmentation of ERK1/2 activation. We also show that in keratinocytes the PMA-stimulated phosphorylation of β4-T1736 primarily is mediated by PKD2 activation downstream of PKCδ. On the other hand, both the EGF-stimulated phosphorylation of T1736 and the EGF-induced dissolution of HDs are dependent on a functional MAPK signaling pathway, and treatment with the RSK inhibitor BI-D1870 prevented EGF-stimulated phosphorylation of β4-T1736. Moreover, phosphorylation of β4-T1736 is enhanced by overexpression of wild-type RSK1, while it is reduced by the expression of kinase-inactive RSK1 or by siRNA-mediated depletion of RSK1. In summary, our data indicate that different stimuli can lead to the phosphorylation of β4-T1736 by either PKD2 or RSK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa te Molder
- The Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Inst., Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arnoud Sonnenberg
- The Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Inst., Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have been shown to bind to Laminin-332 (Ln-332) on the extracellular matrix (ECM) secreted by human keratinocytes. The assay described here is an important tool to study HPV receptor binding to the ECM. The assay can also be modified to study the receptors required for HPV infection and for binding to tissues. We previously showed that Ln-332 is essential for the binding of HPV11 to human keratinocytes and that infectious entry of HPV11 requires α6β4 integrin for the transfer of HPV11 from ECM to host cells (Culp et al., J Virol 80:8940-8950, 2006). We also demonstrated that several of the high-risk HPV types (16, 18, 31 and 45) bind to Ln-332 and/or other components of the ECM in vitro (Broutian et al., J Gen Virol 91:531-540, 2010). The exact binding and internalization mechanism(s) for HPV are still under investigation. A better understanding of these mechanisms will aid in the design of therapeutics against HPVs and ultimately help prevent many cancers. In this chapter, we describe the HPV binding assay to Ln-332/integrin α6β4 on human keratinocytes (ECM). We also present data and suggestions for modifying the assay for testing the specificity of HPV for receptors (by blocking receptors) and binding to human tissues (basement membrane, BM) in order to study binding mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Brendle
- Department of Pathology, The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
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14
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Wang H, Jin H, Beauvais DM, Rapraeger AC. Cytoplasmic domain interactions of syndecan-1 and syndecan-4 with α6β4 integrin mediate human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER1 and HER2)-dependent motility and survival. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:30318-30332. [PMID: 25202019 PMCID: PMC4215216 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.586438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells are highly dependent during wound healing and tumorigenesis on the α6β4 integrin and its association with receptor tyrosine kinases. Previous work showed that phosphorylation of the β4 subunit upon matrix engagement depends on the matrix receptor syndecan (Sdc)-1 engaging the cytoplasmic domain of the β4 integrin and coupling of the integrin to human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2). In this study, HER2-dependent migration activated by matrix engagement is compared with migration stimulated by EGF. We find that whereas HER2-dependent migration depends on Sdc1, EGF-dependent migration depends on a complex consisting of human epidermal growth factor receptor-1 (HER1, commonly known as EGFR), α6β4, and Sdc4. The two syndecans recognize distinct sites at the extreme C terminus of the β4 integrin cytoplasmic domain. The binding motif in Sdc1 is QEEXYX, composed in part by its syndecan-specific variable (V) region and in part by the second conserved (C2) region that it shares with other syndecans. A cell-penetrating peptide containing this sequence competes for HER2-dependent epithelial migration and carcinoma survival, although it is without effect on the EGFR-stimulated mechanism. β4 mutants bearing mutations specific for Sdc1 and Sdc4 recognition act as dominant negative mutants to block cell spreading or cell migration that depends on HER2 or EGFR, respectively. The interaction of the α6β4 integrin with the syndecans appears critical for it to be utilized as a signaling platform; migration depends on α3β1 integrin binding to laminin 332 (LN332; also known as laminin 5), whereas antibodies that block α6β4 binding are without effect. These findings indicate that specific syndecan family members are likely to have key roles in α6β4 integrin activation by receptor tyrosine kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyao Wang
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Haining Jin
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - DeannaLee M Beauvais
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Alan C Rapraeger
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705; Carbone Cancer Center, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705.
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15
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Zhao F, Liu C, Hao YM, Qu B, Cui YJ, Zhang N, Gao XJ, Li QZ. Up-regulation of integrin α6β4 expression by mitogens involved in dairy cow mammary development. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2014; 51:287-99. [PMID: 25319126 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-014-9827-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In dairy cows, the extracellular microenvironment varies significantly from the virgin state to lactation. The function of integrin α6β4 is dependent on cell type and extracellular microenvironment, and the precise expression profile of α6β4 and its effects on mammary development remain to be determined. In the present study, real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the expression and localization of integrin α6β4 in Holstein dairy cow mammary glands. The effects of integrin α6β4 on the proliferation induced by mammogenic mitogens were identified by blocking integrin function in purified dairy cow mammary epithelial cells (DCMECs). The results showed that the localization of β4 subunit and its exclusive partner the α6 subunit were not consistent but were co-localized in basal luminal cells and myoepithelial cells, appearing to prefer the basal surface of the plasma membrane. Moreover, α6 and β4 subunit messenger RNA (mRNA) levels changed throughout the stages of dairy cow mammary development, reflected well by protein levels, and remained higher in the virgin and pregnancy states, with duct/alveolus morphogenesis and active cell proliferation, than during lactation, when growth arrest is essential for mammary epithelial cell differentiation. Finally, the upregulation of integrin expression by both mammogenic growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 and the inhibited growth of DCMECs by function-blocking integrin antibodies confirmed that integrin α6β4 was indeed involved in dairy cow mammary development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Key laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
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16
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Chaudhuri O, Koshy ST, Branco da Cunha C, Shin JW, Verbeke CS, Allison KH, Mooney DJ. Extracellular matrix stiffness and composition jointly regulate the induction of malignant phenotypes in mammary epithelium. Nat Mater 2014; 13:970-8. [PMID: 24930031 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 556] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In vitro models of normal mammary epithelium have correlated increased extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness with malignant phenotypes. However, the role of increased stiffness in this transformation remains unclear because of difficulties in controlling ECM stiffness, composition and architecture independently. Here we demonstrate that interpenetrating networks of reconstituted basement membrane matrix and alginate can be used to modulate ECM stiffness independently of composition and architecture. We find that, in normal mammary epithelial cells, increasing ECM stiffness alone induces malignant phenotypes but that the effect is completely abrogated when accompanied by an increase in basement-membrane ligands. We also find that the combination of stiffness and composition is sensed through β4 integrin, Rac1, and the PI3K pathway, and suggest a mechanism in which an increase in ECM stiffness, without an increase in basement membrane ligands, prevents normal α6β4 integrin clustering into hemidesmosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovijit Chaudhuri
- 1] School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [2] Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [3] Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Sandeep T Koshy
- 1] School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [2] Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [3] Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Cristiana Branco da Cunha
- 1] School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [2] Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [3] Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, and Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto 4150-180, Portugal
| | - Jae-Won Shin
- 1] School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [2] Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Catia S Verbeke
- 1] School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [2] Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Kimberly H Allison
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - David J Mooney
- 1] School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [2] Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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17
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Takebe J, Miyata K, Miura S, Ito S. Effects of the nanotopographic surface structure of commercially pure titanium following anodization-hydrothermal treatment on gene expression and adhesion in gingival epithelial cells. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2014; 42:273-9. [PMID: 25063119 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The long-term stability and maintenance of endosseous implants with anodized-hydrothermally treated commercially pure titanium surfaces and a nanotopographic structure (SA-treated c.p.Ti) depend on the barrier function provided by the interface between the transmucosal portion of the implant surface and the peri-implant epithelium. This study investigated the effects of extracellular and intracellular gene expression in adherent gingival epithelial cells cultured for 1-7 days on SA-treated c.p.Ti implant surfaces compared to anodic oxide (AO) c.p.Ti and c.p.Ti disks. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed filopodium-like extensions bound closely to the nanotopographic structure of SA-treated c.p.Ti at day 7 of culture. Gene expressions of focal adhesion kinase, integrin-α6β4, and laminin-5 (α3, β3, γ2) were significantly higher on SA-treated c.p.Ti than on c.p.Ti or AO c.p.Ti after 7 days (P<0.05). Our results confirmed that gingival epithelial cells adhere to SA-treated c.p.Ti as the transmucosal portion of an implant, and that this interaction markedly improves expression of focal adhesion molecules and enhances the epithelial cell phenotype. The cellular gene expression responses driving extracellular and intracellular molecular interactions thus play an important role in maintenance at the interface between SA-treated c.p.Ti implant surfaces and the gingival epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Takebe
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, 1-3-27 Chuodori, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, Japan.
| | - K Miyata
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, 1-3-27 Chuodori, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, Japan
| | - S Miura
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, 1-3-27 Chuodori, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, Japan
| | - S Ito
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, 1-3-27 Chuodori, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, Japan
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18
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Lu Y, Liu X, Jiao Y, Xiong X, Wang E, Wang X, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Pan L, Guan Y, Cai D, Ning G, Li X. Periostin promotes liver steatosis and hypertriglyceridemia through downregulation of PPARα. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:3501-13. [PMID: 25003192 DOI: 10.1172/jci74438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatosteatosis is characterized by an aberrant accumulation of triglycerides in the liver; however, the factors that drive obesity-induced fatty liver remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that the secreted cell adhesion protein periostin is markedly upregulated in livers of obese rodents and humans. Notably, overexpression of periostin in the livers of WT mice promoted hepatic steatosis and hypertriglyceridemia. Conversely, both genetic ablation of periostin and administration of a periostin-neutralizing antibody dramatically improved hepatosteatosis and hypertriglyceridemia in obese mice. Overexpression of periostin resulted in reduced expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), a master regulator of fatty acid oxidation, and activation of the JNK signaling pathway. In mouse primary hepatocytes, inhibition of α6β4 integrin prevented activation of JNK and suppression of PPARα in response to periostin. Periostin-dependent activation of JNK resulted in activation of c-Jun, which prevented RORα binding and transactional activation at the Ppara promoter. Together, these results identify a periostin-dependent pathway that mediates obesity-induced hepatosteatosis.
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19
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Li X, Rossen N, Sinn PL, Hornick AL, Steines BR, Karp PH, Ernst SE, Adam RJ, Moninger TO, Levasseur DN, Zabner J. Integrin α6β4 identifies human distal lung epithelial progenitor cells with potential as a cell-based therapy for cystic fibrosis lung disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83624. [PMID: 24349537 PMCID: PMC3861522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop stem/progenitor cell-based therapy for cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease, it is first necessary to identify markers of human lung epithelial progenitor/stem cells and to better understand the potential for differentiation into distinct lineages. Here we investigated integrin α6β4 as an epithelial progenitor cell marker in the human distal lung. We identified a subpopulation of α6β4+ cells that localized in distal small airways and alveolar walls and were devoid of pro-surfactant protein C expression. The α6β4+ epithelial cells demonstrated key properties of stem cells ex vivo as compared to α6β4- epithelial cells, including higher colony forming efficiency, expression of stem cell-specific transcription factor Nanog, and the potential to differentiate into multiple distinct lineages including basal and Clara cells. Co-culture of α6β4+ epithelial cells with endothelial cells enhanced proliferation. We identified a subset of adeno-associated virus (AAVs) serotypes, AAV2 and AAV8, capable of transducing α6β4+ cells. In addition, reconstitution of bronchi epithelial cells from CF patients with only 5% normal α6β4+ epithelial cells significantly rescued defects in Cl- transport. Therefore, targeting the α6β4+ epithelial population via either gene delivery or progenitor cell-based reconstitution represents a potential new strategy to treat CF lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail: (XL); (JZ)
| | - Nathan Rossen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Patrick L. Sinn
- Department of Pediatrics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Andrew L. Hornick
- Department of Pediatrics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Benjamin R. Steines
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Philip H. Karp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Sarah E. Ernst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Ryan J. Adam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Thomas O. Moninger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Dana N. Levasseur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Joseph Zabner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail: (XL); (JZ)
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20
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Thuma F, Ngora H, Zöller M. The metastasis-associated molecule C4.4A promotes tissue invasion and anchorage independence by associating with the alpha6beta4 integrin. Mol Oncol 2013; 7:917-28. [PMID: 23727360 PMCID: PMC5528461 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
C4.4A is a metastasis-associated molecule that functions appear to rely on associated alph6beta4 integrin. To corroborate the impact of the C4.4A-alpha6beta4 integrin association on metastasis formation, C4.4A was knocked-down in a highly metastatic rat pancreatic adenocarcinoma (ASML, ASML-C4.4Akd). Metastasis formation by ASML-C4.4Akd cells after intrafootpad application was strongly retarded in draining nodes and lung colonization was rare. Furthermore, cisplatin treatment significantly prolonged the survival time only of ASML-C4.4Akd-bearing rats. ASML-C4.4Akd cells display reduced migratory activity and impaired matrix protein degradation due to inefficient MMP14 activation; loss of drug-resistance is due to mitigated PI3K/Akt pathway activation. These losses of function rely on the laminin receptor C4.4A recruiting activated alpha6beta4 integrin into rafts, where C4.4A cooperates with alpha6beta4 and via alpha6beta4 with MMP14. Within this raft-located complex, MMP14 provokes focalized matrix degradation and mostly alpha6beta4 integrin promotes BAD phosphorylation and upregulated Bcl2 and BclXl expression. Thus, metastasis-promoting activities of C4.4A are not genuine characteristics of C4.4A. Instead, the raft-located laminin receptor C4.4A recruits alpha6beta4 integrin and supports via the alpha6beta4 integrin MMP14 activation. Thereby C4.4A acts as a linker to facilitate several steps in the metastatic cascade. Taking the restricted C4.4A expression in non-transformed tissue, this knowledge should pave the way toward the use of C4.4A as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Thuma
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Honoré Ngora
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Margot Zöller
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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21
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Nyström A, Velati D, Mittapalli VR, Fritsch A, Kern JS, Bruckner-Tuderman L. Collagen VII plays a dual role in wound healing. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:3498-509. [PMID: 23867500 PMCID: PMC3726167 DOI: 10.1172/jci68127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a host of intracellular signals is known to contribute to wound healing, the role of the cell microenvironment in tissue repair remains elusive. Here we employed 2 different mouse models of genetic skin fragility to assess the role of the basement membrane protein collagen VII (COL7A1) in wound healing. COL7A1 secures the attachment of the epidermis to the dermis, and its mutations cause a human skin fragility disorder coined recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) that is associated with a constant wound burden. We show that COL7A1 is instrumental for skin wound closure by 2 interconnected mechanisms. First, COL7A1 was required for re-epithelialization through organization of laminin-332 at the dermal-epidermal junction. Its loss perturbs laminin-332 organization during wound healing, which in turn abrogates strictly polarized expression of integrin α6β4 in basal keratinocytes and negatively impacts the laminin-332/integrin α6β4 signaling axis guiding keratinocyte migration. Second, COL7A1 supported dermal fibroblast migration and regulates their cytokine production in the granulation tissue. These findings, which were validated in human wounds, identify COL7A1 as a critical player in physiological wound healing in humans and mice and may facilitate development of therapeutic strategies not only for RDEB, but also for other chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Nyström
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany.
Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, School of Life Sciences — LifeNet, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Velati
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany.
Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, School of Life Sciences — LifeNet, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Venugopal R. Mittapalli
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany.
Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, School of Life Sciences — LifeNet, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anja Fritsch
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany.
Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, School of Life Sciences — LifeNet, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johannes S. Kern
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany.
Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, School of Life Sciences — LifeNet, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Leena Bruckner-Tuderman
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany.
Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, School of Life Sciences — LifeNet, Freiburg, Germany
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Li Q, Yang XH, Xu F, Sharma C, Wang HX, Knoblich K, Rabinovitz I, Granter SR, Hemler ME. Tetraspanin CD151 plays a key role in skin squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2013; 32:1772-83. [PMID: 22824799 PMCID: PMC3482293 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Here we provide the first evidence that tetraspanin CD151 can support de novo carcinogenesis. During two-stage mouse skin chemical carcinogenesis, CD151 reduces tumor lag time and increases incidence, multiplicity, size and progression to malignant squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), while supporting both cell survival during tumor initiation and cell proliferation during the promotion phase. In human skin SCC, CD151 expression is selectively elevated compared with other skin cancer types. CD151 support of keratinocyte survival and proliferation may depend on activation of transcription factor STAT3 (signal transducers and activators of transcription), a regulator of cell proliferation and apoptosis. CD151 also supports protein kinase C (PKC)α-α6β4 integrin association and PKC-dependent β4 S1424 phosphorylation, while regulating α6β4 distribution. CD151-PKCα effects on integrin β4 phosphorylation and subcellular localization are consistent with epithelial disruption to a less polarized, more invasive state. CD151 ablation, while minimally affecting normal cell and normal mouse functions, markedly sensitized mouse skin and epidermoid cells to chemicals/drugs including 7,12-dimethylbenz[α]anthracene (mutagen) and camptothecin (topoisomerase inhibitor), as well as to agents targeting epidermal growth factor receptor, PKC, Jak2/Tyk2 and STAT3. Hence, CD151 'co-targeting' may be therapeutically beneficial. These findings not only support CD151 as a potential tumor target, but also should apply to other cancers utilizing CD151/laminin-binding integrin complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Li
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Xiuwei H. Yang
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Fenghui Xu
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Chandan Sharma
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Hong-Xing Wang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Konstantin Knoblich
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Isaac Rabinovitz
- Division of Cancer Biology and Angiogenesis, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Scott R. Granter
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Martin E. Hemler
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
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Sharma C, Rabinovitz I, Hemler ME. Palmitoylation by DHHC3 is critical for the function, expression, and stability of integrin α6β4. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:2233-44. [PMID: 22314500 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-0924-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The laminin-binding integrin α6β4 plays key roles in both normal epithelial and endothelial cells and during tumor cell progression, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Previous cysteine mutagenesis studies have suggested that palmitoylation of α6β4 protein supports a few integrin-dependent functions and molecular associations. Here we took another approach and obtained strikingly different results. We used overexpression and RNAi knockdown in multiple cell types to identify protein acyl transferase DHHC3 as the enzyme responsible for integrin β4 and α6 palmitoylation. Ablation of DHHC3 markedly diminished integrin-dependent cellular cable formation on Matrigel, integrin signaling through Src, and β4 phosphorylation on key diagnostic amino acids (S1356 and 1424). However, unexpectedly, and in sharp contrast to prior α6β4 mutagenesis results, knockdown of DHHC3 accelerated the degradation of α6β4, likely due to an increase in endosomal exposure to cathepsin D. When proteolytic degradation was inhibited (by Pepstatin A), rescued α6β4 accumulated intracellularly, but was unable to reach the cell surface. DHHC3 ablation effects were strongly selective for α6β4. Cell-surface levels of ~10 other proteins (including α3β1) were not diminished, and the appearance of hundreds of other palmitoylated proteins was not altered. Results obtained here demonstrate a new substrate for the DHHC3 enzyme and provide novel opportunities for modulating α6β4 expression, distribution, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Sharma
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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24
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Abstract
Collagen XVII (COL17), a transmembrane protein expressed in epidermal keratinocytes (EK), is targeted by pathogenic autoantibodies in bullous pemphigoid. Treatment of EK with anti-COL17 autoantibodies triggers the production of proinflammatory cytokines. In this study, we test the hypothesis that COL17 is involved in the regulation of the EK proinflammatory response, using IL-8 expression as the primary readout. The absence of COL17 in EK derived from a junctional epidermolysis bullosa patient or shRNA-mediated knockdown of COL17 in normal EK resulted in a dysregulation of IL-8 responses under various conditions. The COL17-deficient cells showed an abnormally high IL-8 response after treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), ultraviolet-B radiation or tumor necrosis factor, but exhibited a blunted IL-8 response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate exposure. Induction of COL17 expression in COL17-negative EK led to a normalization of the LPS-induced proinflammatory response. Although α6β4 integrin was found to be up-regulated in COL17-deficient EK, siRNA-mediated knockdown of the α6 and β4 subunits revealed that COL17's effects on the LPS IL-8 response are not dependent on this integrin. In LPS-treated cells, inhibition of NF-kappa B activity in COL17-negative EK resulted in a normalization of their IL-8 response, and expression of an NF-kappa B-driven reporter was shown to be higher in COL17-deficient, compared with normal EK. These findings support the hypothesis that COL17 plays an important regulatory role in the EK proinflammatory response, acting largely via NF-kappa B. Future investigations will focus on further defining the molecular basis of this novel control network.
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Ngora H, Galli UM, Miyazaki K, Zöller M. Membrane-bound and exosomal metastasis-associated C4.4A promotes migration by associating with the α(6)β(4) integrin and MT1-MMP. Neoplasia 2012; 14:95-107. [PMID: 22431918 PMCID: PMC3306255 DOI: 10.1593/neo.111450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis-associated C4.4A, which becomes upregulated during wound healing and, in some tumors, during tumor progression, is known to be frequently associated with hypoxia. With the function of C4.4A still unknown, we explored the impact of hypoxia on C4.4A expression and functional activity. Metastatic rat and human tumor lines upregulate C4.4A expression when cultured in the presence of CoCl(2). Although hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) becomes upregulated concomitantly, HIF-1α did not induce C4.4A transcription. Instead, hypoxia-induced C4.4A up-regulation promoted in vivo and in vitro wound healing, where increased migration on the C4.4A ligands laminin-111 and -332 was observed after a transient period of pronounced binding. Increased migration was accompanied by C4.4A associating with α(6)β(4), MT1-MMP1, and TACE and by laminin fragmentation. Hypoxia also promoted the release of C4.4A in exosomes and TACE-mediated C4.4A shedding. The association of C4.4A with α(6)β(4) and MT1-MMP1 was maintained in exosomes and exosomal α(6)β(4)- and MT1-MMP1-associated C4.4A but not shed C4.4A sufficient for laminin degradation. Hypoxia-induced recruitment of α(6)β(4) toward raft-located C4.4A, MT1-MMP, and TACE allows for a shift from adhesion to motility, which is supported by laminin degradation. These findings provide the first explanation for the C4.4A contribution to wound healing and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honoré Ngora
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe M Galli
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Margot Zöller
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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Myllymäki SM, Teräväinen TP, Manninen A. Two distinct integrin-mediated mechanisms contribute to apical lumen formation in epithelial cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19453. [PMID: 21573123 PMCID: PMC3089628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Formation of apical compartments underlies the morphogenesis of most epithelial organs during development. The extracellular matrix (ECM), particularly the basement membrane (BM), plays an important role in orienting the apico-basal polarity and thereby the positioning of apical lumens. Integrins have been recognized as essential mediators of matrix-derived polarity signals. The importance of β1-integrins in epithelial polarization is well established but the significance of the accompanying α-subunits have not been analyzed in detail. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we demonstrate that two distinct integrin-dependent pathways regulate formation of apical lumens to ensure robust apical membrane biogenesis under different microenvironmental conditions; 1) α2β1- and α6β4-integrins were required to establish a basal cue that depends on Rac1-activity and guides apico-basal cell polarization. 2) α3β1-integrins were implicated in positioning of mitotic spindles in cysts, a process that is essential for Cdc42-driven epithelial hollowing. SIGNIFICANCE Identification of the separate processes driven by particular integrin receptors clarifies the functional hierarchies between the different integrins co-expressed in epithelial cells and provides valuable insight into the complexity of cell-ECM interactions thereby guiding future studies addressing the molecular basis of epithelial morphogenesis during development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu Marja Myllymäki
- Biocenter Oulu, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Terhi Piritta Teräväinen
- Biocenter Oulu, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Aki Manninen
- Biocenter Oulu, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Jung T, Gross W, Zöller M. CD44v6 coordinates tumor matrix-triggered motility and apoptosis resistance. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:15862-74. [PMID: 21372142 PMCID: PMC3091196 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.208421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression requires a crosstalk with the tumor surrounding, where the tumor matrix plays an essential role. We recently reported that only the matrix delivered by a CD44v6-competent (ASML(wt)), but not that of a CD44v6-deficient (ASML-CD44v(kd)) rat pancreatic adenocarcinoma line supports metastasis formation. We here describe that this matrix provides an important feedback toward the tumor cell and that CD44v6 accounts for orchestrating signals received from the matrix. ASML(wt) cells contain more hyaluronan synthase-3 and secrete higher amounts of >50 kDa HA than ASML-CD44v(kd) cells, which secrete more hyaluronidase. Only the ASML(wt)-matrix supports migration and apoptosis resistance, which both can be initiated via CD44v6, c-Met, and α6β4 ligand binding and proceed via FAK, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK activation, respectively. However, c-Met- and α6β4-initiated signaling are strongly augmented by the association with CD44v6 as only very weak effects are observed in CD44v6-deficient cells. The same CD44v6-dependent convergence of motility- and apoptosis resistance-related signals also accounts for human tumor lines. Thus, CD44v6 promotes motility and apoptosis resistance via its involvement in assembling a matrix that, in turn, triggers activation of signaling cascades, which proceeds, independent of the initiating receptor-ligand interaction, in a concerted action via CD44v6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Jung
- From the Departments of Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery, and
| | - Wolfgang Gross
- Experimental Surgery, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany and
| | - Margot Zöller
- From the Departments of Tumor Cell Biology, University Hospital of Surgery, and
- German Cancer Research Center, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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28
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González S, Aguilera S, Alliende C, Urzúa U, Quest AFG, Herrera L, Molina C, Hermoso M, Ewert P, Brito M, Romo R, Leyton C, Pérez P, González MJ. Alterations in type I hemidesmosome components suggestive of epigenetic control in the salivary glands of patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 2011; 63:1106-15. [PMID: 21305504 DOI: 10.1002/art.30212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveAcinar cells in the salivary glands of patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) display severe alterations in anchorage to the basal lamina. Bioinformatics analysis of the BP230 gene sequence has revealed the presence of CpG islands that might be involved in epigenetic control of gene expression, and methylation of the BP230 promotor region may be implicated as an epigenetic control mechanism in salivary gland damage. Thus, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the protein BP230, as well as proteins BP180, α6β4 integrin, and cytokeratin‐18, for their expression levels, localization, and ability to form hemidesmosome adhesion complexes.MethodsEighteen patients with primary SS and 14 healthy control subjects were studied. Levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein were measured by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. BP230 methylation was determined by methylation‐sensitive polymerase chain reaction. Protein complexes were analyzed by immunoprecipitation and assessed for localization by immunofluorescence.ResultsIn patients with SS as compared with controls, BP230 mRNA levels were decreased while protein levels were increased, and the gene promotor region was hypermethylated. Augmented proteolysis of BP180 was detected, since levels of linear IgA disease fragment 1 were increased. The complex‐forming ability of BP230, BP180, α6β4 integrin, and cytokeratin‐18 was maintained in patients with SS, in contrast to that in controls. BP230 and BP180 colocalized at the basal membrane of acinar cells, and cleavage of BP180 coincided with a loss of colocalization.ConclusionThe decrease in BP230 mRNA levels may be explained by gene hypermethylation. We postulate that local epigenetic modifications of BP230 are produced in response to factors present in the damaged salivary glands of patients with SS. Additionally, the paradoxical increase in BP230 protein levels and the formation of both normal and altered adhesion complexes may help avoid cell death induced by the loss of anchorage.
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29
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Zevian S, Winterwood NE, Stipp CS. Structure-function analysis of tetraspanin CD151 reveals distinct requirements for tumor cell behaviors mediated by α3β1 versus α6β4 integrin. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:7496-506. [PMID: 21193415 PMCID: PMC3045005 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.173583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The basement membrane protein laminin-332 (laminin-5) mediates both stable cell adhesion and rapid cell migration and thus has the potential to either restrain or promote tumor cell metastasis. The major cellular receptors for laminin-332 are integrin α3β1, which mediates rapid tumor cell migration, and integrin α6β4, which often mediates stable cell attachment. Tetraspanin protein CD151 interacts directly with both α3β1 and α6β4 integrins and with other tetraspanins, thereby promoting α3β1 and α6β4 association with tetraspanin-enriched microdomains on the cell surface. To explore the possibility of selectively modulating tumor cell responses to laminin-332, we re-expressed a series of CD151 mutants in epidermoid carcinoma cells with near total, RNAi-mediated silencing of endogenous CD151. The interactions of CD151 with its integrin partners or its interactions with other tetraspanins were selectively disrupted by specific mutations in the CD151 large extracellular loop (EC2 domain) or in intracellular CD151 palmitoylation sites, respectively. CD151-integrin association and CD151-tetraspanin association were both important for α3β1 integrin-dependent initial adhesion and rapid migration on laminin-332. Remarkably, however, only CD151-integrin association was required for stable, α6β4 integrin-dependent cell attachment on laminin-332. In addition, we found that a QRD amino acid motif in the CD151 EC2 domain, which had been thought to be crucial for CD151-integrin interaction, is not essential for CD151-integrin association or for the ability of CD151 to promote several different integrin functions. These new data suggest potential strategies for selectively modulating migratory cell responses to laminin-332, while leaving stable cell attachment on laminin-332 intact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christopher S. Stipp
- From the Departments of Biology and
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
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30
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Noh TW, Soung YH, Kim HI, Gil HJ, Kim JM, Lee EJ, Chung J. Effect of {beta}4 integrin knockdown by RNA interference in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Anticancer Res 2010; 30:4485-4492. [PMID: 21115897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrin α6β4 is a known tumor antigen; however, its function in different subtypes of thyroid cancer is not known. This study reports that α6β4 expression is selectively up-regulated in anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) cells, the most malignant subtype of human thyroid cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS To assess the contribution of α6β4 in ATC progression, cell proliferation, motility and soft agar assay were performed in vitro and a xenograft tumor growth assay was performed in vivo. RESULTS Knockdown of β4 integrin subunit expression by shRNA in ATC cells reduced the proliferation, migration, and anchorage-independent growth of ATC cells in vitro and xenograft tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSION These data suggest that integrin α6β4 contributes to the development of aggressive forms of thyroid cancer with poor prognostic potential, such as ATC, and thus may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment for this subtype of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Woong Noh
- Division of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrinology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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31
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Yang XH, Flores LM, Li Q, Zhou P, Xu F, Krop IE, Hemler ME. Disruption of laminin-integrin-CD151-focal adhesion kinase axis sensitizes breast cancer cells to ErbB2 antagonists. Cancer Res 2010; 70:2256-63. [PMID: 20197472 PMCID: PMC3310185 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-4032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to anti-ErbB2 agents is a significant problem in the treatment of human ErbB2+ breast cancers. We show here that adhesion of human ErbB2+ breast cancer cells to basement membrane laminin-5 provides substantial resistance to trastuzumab and lapatinib, agents that respectively target the extracellular and kinase domains of ErbB2. Knockdown of laminin-binding integrins (alpha6beta4, alpha3beta1) or associated tetraspanin protein CD151 reversed laminin-5 resistance and sensitized ErbB2+ cells to trastuzumab and lapatinib. CD151 knockdown, together with trastuzumab treatment, inhibited ErbB2 activation and downstream signaling through Akt, Erk1/2, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Hence, ErbB2 function in mammary tumor cells is promoted by integrin-mediated adhesion to laminin-5, with strong support by CD151, leading to signaling through FAK. Consequently, removal or inhibition of any of these components (laminin-5, integrin, CD151, FAK) markedly sensitizes cells to anti-ErbB2 agents. These new insights should be useful when devising strategies for overcoming drug resistance in ErbB2+ cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwei H Yang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Calenic B, Ishkitiev N, Yaegaki K, Imai T, Costache M, Tovaru M, Tovaru S, Parlatescu I. Characterization of oral keratinocyte stem cells and prospects of its differentiation to oral epithelial equivalents. Rom J Morphol Embryol 2010; 51:641-645. [PMID: 21103620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although oral keratinocyte stem cells play a key role in tissue homeostasis, wound healing, and neoplasia, they remain difficult to identify and characterize. The specific aim of the present study is to characterize an oral keratinocyte stem-cell population separated using a magnetic technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS Oral human keratinocytes obtained from keratinized oral mucosa were magnetically separated using a proliferation-related marker, CD71 and α6β4 integrin. The expression of different stem cell markers: CD44H, Nestin, Nanog, Oct 3÷4, CD117 was checked by immunofluorescence. The ability of α6β4pos CD71neg fraction to form oral epithelial equivalents was also assayed. RESULTS Three different oral keratinocyte subpopulations were obtained following magnetic separation: α6β4pos CD71neg, α6β4pos CD71pos and α6β4neg. Our α6β4pos CD71neg stem cell fraction was positive for Oct 3÷4, CD44H and cytokeratin 19 while Nanog, Nestin and CD117 expression was absent. At the same time, the other two cell fractions α6β4pos CD71pos and α6β4neg were negative for all stem cell markers. Also, α6β4pos CD71neg fraction was able to regenerate a well stratified and organized oral epithelial equivalent. The distribution of cytokeratin 19 and involucrin in the oral epithelial equivalent reflected the in vivo situation in oral gingival epithelium. CONCLUSIONS The human gingival α6β4pos CD71neg fraction was strongly positive for a panel of stem cell markers and could form oral epithelial equivalent. It is also suggested that a magnetic system may be an important tool in acquiring oral keratinocyte stem cells for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Calenic
- Department of Oral Health, Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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33
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Abstract
Laminin-332 and alpha6beta4 integrin is major hemidesmosome components in the skin. As many studies have shown that laminin-332 and alpha6beta4 integrin play important roles in tumor progression via activation of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase signaling, understanding of the molecular mechanisms of them could lead to a new drug for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kariya
- Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
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34
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Geary SM, Cowin AJ, Copeland B, Baleato RM, Miyazaki K, Ashman LK. The role of the tetraspanin CD151 in primary keratinocyte and fibroblast functions: implications for wound healing. Exp Cell Res 2008; 314:2165-75. [PMID: 18534576 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2008.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2007] [Revised: 04/18/2008] [Accepted: 04/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that CD151-null mice have a skin wound healing deficit. To gain an understanding of the role of CD151 in re-epithelialisation and dermal contraction, keratinocyte and fibroblast functions were assayed. Primary CD151-null keratinocytes displayed defective migration on Matrigel (a basement membrane equivalent) and laminin-332, the primary adhesion component of basement membranes, but not on collagen-I. Adhesion, spreading and proliferation were also deficient on laminin-332, but not collagen-I. The data suggest that loss of CD151 impairs the function of its primary interaction partners, integrin alpha3beta1- and/or alpha6beta4 which bind to laminin-332. Skin fibroblasts also produce CD151 mRNA. CD151-null fibroblasts migrated significantly faster on collagen I than wild type fibroblasts, confirming that they possess functional collagen receptors. However, no significant decrease in the ability of CD151-null fibroblasts to cause contraction in floating collagen gel assays in response to transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta1) or platelet derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) was observed, nor was there an effect on fibroblast adhesion or proliferation on collagen-I. The data implicate CD151 as a facilitator of laminin-332-mediated keratinocyte functions that impact on the re-epithelialisation process intrinsic to wound healing and further suggest a potential novel role for CD151 in fibroblast migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Geary
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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35
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Shen X, Mula RV, Li J, Weigel NL, Falzon M. PTHrP contributes to the anti-proliferative and integrin alpha6beta4-regulating effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3). Steroids 2007; 72:930-8. [PMID: 17904173 PMCID: PMC2134836 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2007.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2007] [Revised: 08/06/2007] [Accepted: 08/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) increases the growth and metastatic potential of prostate cancer cells, making it important to control PTHrP expression in these cells. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)] suppresses PTHrP expression and exerts an anti-proliferative effect in prostate carcinoma cells. We used the human prostate cancer cell line C4-2 as a model system to ask whether down-regulation of PTHrP expression by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) plays a role in the anti-proliferative effects of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). Since PTHrP increases the expression of the pro-invasive integrin alpha6beta4, we also asked whether 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) decreases integrin alpha6beta4 expression in C4-2 cells, and whether modulation of PTHrP expression by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) plays a role in the effects of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) on integrin alpha6beta4 expression. Two strategies were utilized to modulate PTHrP levels: overexpression of PTHrP (-36 to +139) and suppression of endogenous PTHrP expression using siRNAs. We report a direct correlation between PTHrP expression, C4-2 cell proliferation and integrin alpha6beta4 expression at the mRNA and cell surface protein level. Treatment of parental C4-2 cells with 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) decreased cell proliferation and integrin alpha6 and beta4 expression. These 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) effects were significantly attenuated in cells with suppressed PTHrP expression. 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) regulates PTHrP expression via a negative vitamin D response element (nVDRE) within the noncoding region of the PTHrP gene. The effects of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) on cell proliferation and integrin alpha6beta4 expression were significantly attenuated in cells overexpressing PTHrP (-36 to +139), which lacks the nVDRE. These findings suggest that one of the pathways via which 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) exerts its anti-proliferative effects is through down-regulation of PTHrP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Shen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Ramanjaneya V.R. Mula
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Nancy L. Weigel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Miriam Falzon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Sealy Center for Cancer Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- * Corresponding Author, Phone: 409-772-9638, Fax : 409-772-9642, e-mail:
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Bergamini C, Sgarra C, Trerotoli P, Lupo L, Azzariti A, Antonaci S, Giannelli G. Laminin-5 stimulates hepatocellular carcinoma growth through a different function of alpha6beta4 and alpha3beta1 integrins. Hepatology 2007; 46:1801-9. [PMID: 17948258 DOI: 10.1002/hep.21936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) growth severely affects prognosis. Ki-67, a known marker of cell proliferation, is a negative prognostic factor in HCC. Growth factors such as the epidermal growth factor (EGF) induce HCC cell proliferation but do not explain the great heterogeneity of HCC growth. Laminin-5 (Ln-5) is an extracellular matrix protein (ECM) present in the tissue microenvironment of HCC. The two main receptors for Ln-5, integrins alpha3beta1 and alpha6beta4, are expressed on the cell surface of HCC cells. The aim of this study is to investigate an alternative mechanism of HCC growth whereby Ln-5 promotes HCC cell proliferation through alpha3beta1 and alpha6beta4. HCC tissues containing Ln-5 display a larger diameter and higher number of positive cells for Ki-67, a well known proliferative index, as determined by double immunofluorescence staining and real-time PCR on microdissected tissues. In vitro, Ln-5, but not collagen I, collagen IV or fibronectin, induces proliferation as much as EGF does, via Erk phosphorylation as a consequence of beta4 integrin phosphorylation. However, the two HCC cell lines do not proliferate in presence of Ln-5 despite beta4 integrin and Erk1/2 activation. After transfection with alpha3 integrin, in the presence of Ln-5 one of these HCC cell lines acquires a proliferative activity whereas one of the proliferative HCC cell lines, knocked-down for alpha3 integrin, loses its proliferative activity. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests a new mechanism of HCC growth whereby Ln-5 stimulates proliferation via a different function of alpha6beta4 and alpha3beta1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Bergamini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Bari Medical School, Italy
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Friedland JC, Lakins JN, Kazanietz MG, Chernoff J, Boettiger D, Weaver VM. alpha6beta4 integrin activates Rac-dependent p21-activated kinase 1 to drive NF-kappaB-dependent resistance to apoptosis in 3D mammary acini. J Cell Sci 2007; 120:3700-12. [PMID: 17911169 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.03484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant transformation and multidrug resistance are linked to resistance to apoptosis, yet the molecular mechanisms that mediate tumor survival remain poorly understood. Because the stroma can influence tumor behavior by regulating the tissue phenotype, we explored the role of extracellular matrix signaling and tissue organization in epithelial survival. We report that elevated (alpha6)beta4 integrin-dependent Rac-Pak1 signaling supports resistance to apoptosis in mammary acini by permitting stress-dependent activation of the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB through Pak1. We found that inhibiting Pak1 through expression of N17Rac or PID compromises NF-kappaB activation and renders mammary acini sensitive to death, but that resistance to apoptosis could be restored to these structures by overexpressing wild-type NF-kappaB p65. We also observed that acini expressing elevated levels of Pak1 can activate p65 and survive death treatments, even in the absence of activated Rac, yet will die if activation of NF-kappaB is simultaneously inhibited through expression of IkappaBalphaM. Thus, mammary tissues can resist apoptotic stimuli by activating NF-kappaB through alpha6beta4 integrin-dependent Rac-Pak1 signaling. Our data emphasize the importance of the extracellular matrix stroma in tissue survival and suggest that alpha6beta4 integrin-dependent Rac stimulation of Pak1 could be an important mechanism mediating apoptosis-resistance in some breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie C Friedland
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Hasegawa M, Furuya M, Kasuya Y, Nishiyama M, Sugiura T, Nikaido T, Momota Y, Ichinose M, Kimura S. CD151 dynamics in carcinoma-stroma interaction: integrin expression, adhesion strength and proteolytic activity. J Transl Med 2007; 87:882-92. [PMID: 17632541 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3700657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A member of tetraspanin CD151 is a scaffold protein of laminin-binding integrins and it plays an important role in stable interaction between cells and basement membrane. Although the upregulation of CD151 in tumor cells is thought to accelerate tumor invasion and metastasis, detailed pathological investigation on CD151 and its association with integrins has not been well documented, yet. In the present study, we showed that the expression levels of CD151 and its associated integrin subunits in epidermal carcinoma cell HSC5 were higher than those in immortalized epidermal cell HaCaT. By the stimulation of epidermal growth factor, CD151 was dissociated from cell surface and dispersed in the cytoplasm, and alpha3beta1 integrin was concomitantly internalized. To understand the significance of CD151 in tumor cell dynamics, CD151 in HSC5 was knocked down (HSC5(CD151-)), and the expression of integrin subunits and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were investigated. In HSC5(CD151-), striking morphological alteration on Matrigel and laminin, and cytoskeletal rearrangements were demonstrated. alpha3beta1 integrin was internalized in part, and alpha6beta4 integrin was re-distributed from basal site to cell periphery. Quantitative RT-PCR, Western blot and zymography revealed that the expression levels of MMP2, MMP7 and MMP9 were markedly downregulated in HSC5(CD151-). Immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that MMP7 was co-immunoprecipitated with CD151. In double stainings, MMP7 was colocalized with CD151 at the leading edge of lamellipodia under migratory status. These results elucidated the importance of CD151 as one of the key molecules for integrin-dependent carcinoma-stroma interaction. It is indicated that CD151 might contribute not only to cell stabilization by associating with adhesion complexes but also to cell migration by inducing integrins re-localization and MMPs production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Hasegawa
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Inohana, Chiba, Japan
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Raymond K, Kreft M, Song JY, Janssen H, Sonnenberg A. Dual Role of alpha6beta4 integrin in epidermal tumor growth: tumor-suppressive versus tumor-promoting function. Mol Biol Cell 2007; 18:4210-21. [PMID: 17699601 PMCID: PMC2043572 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e06-08-0720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An increased expression of the integrin alpha6beta4 is correlated with a poor prognosis in patients with squamous cell carcinomas. However, little is known about the role of alpha6beta4 in the early stages of tumor development. We have isolated cells from mouse skin (mouse tumor-initiating cells [mTICs]) that are deficient in both p53 and Smad4 and carry conditional alleles of the beta4 gene (Itgb4). The mTICs display many features of multipotent epidermal stem cells and produce well-differentiated tumors after subcutaneous injection into nude mice. Deletion of Itgb4 led to enhanced tumor growth, indicating that alpha6beta4 mediates a tumor-suppressive effect. Reconstitution experiments with beta4-chimeras showed that this effect is not dependent on ligation of alpha6beta4 to laminin-5, but on the recruitment by this integrin of the cytoskeletal linker protein plectin to the plasma membrane. Depletion of plectin, like that of beta4, led to increased tumor growth. In contrast, when mTICs had been further transformed with oncogenic Ras, alpha6beta4 stimulated tumor growth, as previously observed in human squamous neoplasms. Expression of different effector-loop mutants of Ras(V12) suggests that this effect depends on a strong activation of the Erk pathway. Together, these data show that depending on the mutations involved, alpha6beta4 can either mediate an adhesion-independent tumor-suppressive effect or act as a tumor promotor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ji-Ying Song
- Experimental Animal Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Folgiero V, Bachelder RE, Bon G, Sacchi A, Falcioni R, Mercurio AM. The alpha6beta4 integrin can regulate ErbB-3 expression: implications for alpha6beta4 signaling and function. Cancer Res 2007; 67:1645-52. [PMID: 17308105 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-2980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The integrin alpha(6)beta(4) has been shown to facilitate key functions of carcinoma cells, including their ability to migrate, invade, and evade apoptosis. The mechanism involved seems to be a profound effect of alpha(6)beta(4) on specific signaling pathways, especially the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. An intimate relationship between alpha(6)beta(4) and growth factor receptors may explain this effect of alpha(6)beta(4) on signaling. Previously, we showed that alpha(6)beta(4) and ErbB-2 can function synergistically to activate the PI3K/Akt pathway. Given that ErbB-2 can activate PI3K only when it heterodimerizes with other members of the epidermal growth factor receptor family, these data imply that other receptors cooperate in this process. Here, we report that alpha(6)beta(4) can regulate the expression of ErbB-3 using several different models and that the consequent formation of an ErbB-2/ErbB-3 heterodimer promotes the alpha(6)beta(4)-dependent activation of PI3K/Akt and the ability of this integrin to impede apoptosis of carcinoma cells. Our data also support the hypothesis that alpha(6)beta(4) can regulate ErbB-3 expression at the translational level as evidenced by the findings that alpha(6)beta(4) does not increase ErbB-3 mRNA significantly, and that this regulation is both rapamycin sensitive and dependent on eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E. These findings provide one mechanism to account for the activation of PI3K by alpha(6)beta(4) and they also provide insight into the regulation of ErbB-3 in carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Folgiero
- Molecular Oncogenesis Laboratory, Department of Experimental Oncology, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Via della Messi d'Oro 156, 00158 Rome, Italy
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41
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d'Ovidio R, Sgarra C, Conserva A, Angelotti UF, Erriquez R, Foti C. Alterated integrin expression in lichen planopilaris. Head Face Med 2007; 3:11. [PMID: 17288588 PMCID: PMC1803766 DOI: 10.1186/1746-160x-3-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2006] [Accepted: 02/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lichen planopilaris (LPP) is an inflammatory disease characterized by a lymphomononuclear infiltrate surrounding the isthmus and infundibulum of the hair follicle of the scalp, that evolves into atrophic/scarring alopecia. In the active phase of the disease hairs are easily plucked with anagen-like hair-roots. In this study we focused on the expression of integrins and basement membrane components of the hair follicle in active LPP lesions. METHODS Scalp biopsies were taken in 10 patients with LPP and in 5 normal controls. Using monoclonal antibodies against alpha3beta1 and alpha6beta4 integrins we showed the expression of these integrins and of the basement membrane components of the hair follicle in active LPP lesions and in healthy scalp skin. RESULTS In the LPP involved areas, alpha3beta1 was distributed in a pericellular pattern, the alpha6 subunit was present with a basolateral distribution while the beta4 subunit showed discontinuous expression at the basal pole and occasionally, basolateral staining of the hair follicle. CONCLUSION An altered distribution of the integrins in active LPP lesions can explain the phenomenon of easy pulling-out of the hair with a "gelatinous" root-sheath.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Concetta Sgarra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Bari, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Conserva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Unit of Dermatology, University of Bari, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Umberto Filippo Angelotti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Bari, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Erriquez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Bari, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Caterina Foti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Unit of Dermatology, University of Bari, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
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42
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Werner ME, Chen F, Moyano JV, Yehiely F, Jones JCR, Cryns VL. Caspase proteolysis of the integrin beta4 subunit disrupts hemidesmosome assembly, promotes apoptosis, and inhibits cell migration. J Biol Chem 2006; 282:5560-9. [PMID: 17178732 PMCID: PMC2819670 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m603669200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspases are a conserved family of cell death proteases that cleave intracellular substrates at Asp residues to modify their function and promote apoptosis. In this report we identify the integrin beta4 subunit as a novel caspase substrate using an expression cloning strategy. Together with its alpha6 partner, alpha6beta4 integrin anchors epithelial cells to the basement membrane at specialized adhesive structures known as hemidesmosomes and plays a critical role in diverse epithelial cell functions including cell survival and migration. We show that integrin beta4 is cleaved by caspase-3 and -7 at a conserved Asp residue (Asp(1109)) in vitro and in epithelial cells undergoing apoptosis, resulting in the removal of most of its cytoplasmic tail. Caspase cleavage of integrin beta4 produces two products, 1) a carboxyl-terminal product that is unstable and rapidly degraded by the proteasome and 2) an amino-terminal cleavage product (amino acids 1-1109) that is unable to assemble into mature hemidesmosomes. We also demonstrate that caspase cleavage of integrin beta4 sensitizes epithelial cells to apoptosis and inhibits cell migration. Taken together, we have identified a previously unrecognized proteolytic truncation of integrin beta4 generated by caspases that disrupts key structural and functional properties of epithelial cells and promotes apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Werner
- Cell Death Regulation Laboratory, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Feng Chen
- Cell Death Regulation Laboratory, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Jose V. Moyano
- Cell Death Regulation Laboratory, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Fruma Yehiely
- Cell Death Regulation Laboratory, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Jonathan C. R. Jones
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Vincent L. Cryns
- Cell Death Regulation Laboratory, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Departs. of Medicine and Cell and Molecular Biology, Lurie 4-113, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior St., Chicago, IL 60611. Tel.: 312-503-0644; Fax: 312-908-9032;
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43
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Baril P, Gangeswaran R, Mahon PC, Caulee K, Kocher HM, Harada T, Zhu M, Kalthoff H, Crnogorac-Jurcevic T, Lemoine NR. Periostin promotes invasiveness and resistance of pancreatic cancer cells to hypoxia-induced cell death: role of the beta4 integrin and the PI3k pathway. Oncogene 2006; 26:2082-94. [PMID: 17043657 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a devastating disease, characterized by a rapid progression and poor treatment response. Using gene expression profiling of pancreatic cancer tissues, we previously identified periostin as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target. In this study, we report the overexpression of periostin in a larger set of pancreatic cancer tissues and show that although the periostin transcript is exclusively expressed in tumour cells, the protein product is only detected in the extracellular matrix adjacent to cancer cells. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay, we show significantly increased levels of periostin in the sera of pancreatic cancer patients compared to non-cancer controls. We demonstrate that periostin promotes the invasiveness of tumour cells by increasing the motility of cells without inducing expression of proteases, and enhances the survival of tumour cells exposed to hypoxic conditions. At the molecular level, we provide evidence that the alpha(6)beta(4) integrin complex acts as the cell receptor of periostin in pancreatic cancer cells and that interaction promotes phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and protein kinase B (AKT) though activation of the PI3 kinase pathway, but not the RAS/MEK/ERK pathway. These findings suggest an important role of periostin in pancreatic cancer and provide a rationale to study periostin for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Baril
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cancer and the CR-UK Clinical Centre, Barts, UK
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44
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Sehgal BU, DeBiase PJ, Matzno S, Chew TL, Claiborne JN, Hopkinson SB, Russell A, Marinkovich MP, Jones JCR. Integrin beta4 regulates migratory behavior of keratinocytes by determining laminin-332 organization. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:35487-98. [PMID: 16973601 PMCID: PMC2820731 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m606317200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether alpha6beta4 integrin regulates migration remains controversial. beta4 integrin-deficient (JEB) keratinocytes display aberrant migration in that they move in circles, a behavior that mirrors the circular arrays of laminin (LM)-332 in their matrix. In contrast, wild-type keratinocytes and JEB keratinocytes, induced to express beta4 integrin, assemble laminin-332 in linear tracks over which they migrate. Moreover, laminin-332-dependent migration of JEB keratinocytes along linear tracks is restored when cells are plated on wild-type keratinocyte matrix, whereas wild-type keratinocytes show rotation over circular arrays of laminn-332 in JEB keratinocyte matrix. The activities of Rac1 and the actin cytoskeleton-severing protein cofilin are low in JEB keratinocytes compared with wild-type cells but are rescued following expression of wild-type beta4 integrin in JEB cells. Additionally, in wild-type keratinocytes Rac1 is complexed with alpha6beta4 integrin. Moreover, Rac1 or cofilin inactivation induces wild-type keratinocytes to move in circles over rings of laminin-332 in their matrix. Together these data indicate that laminin-332 matrix organization is determined by the alpha6beta4 integrin/actin cytoskeleton via Rac1/cofilin signaling. Furthermore, our results imply that the organizational state of laminin-332 is a key determinant of the motility behavior of keratinocytes, an essential element of skin wound healing and the successful invasion of epidermal-derived tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd U. Sehgal
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Phillip J. DeBiase
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Sumio Matzno
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Teng-Leong Chew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Jessica N. Claiborne
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Susan B. Hopkinson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Alan Russell
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Cytokinetics, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - M. Peter Marinkovich
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Stanford, California 94304
| | - Jonathan C. R. Jones
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL 60611. Tel.: 312-503-1412; Fax: 312-503-6475;
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45
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Shen X, Falzon M. PTH-related protein upregulates integrin alpha6beta4 expression and activates Akt in breast cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2006; 312:3822-34. [PMID: 16965770 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2006] [Revised: 08/14/2006] [Accepted: 08/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common carcinoma that metastasizes to bone. Tumor-produced parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), a known stimulator of osteoclastic bone resorption, is a major mediator of the osteolytic process in breast cancer. We have previously shown that PTHrP increases breast cancer cell proliferation, survival, migration, and pro-invasive integrin alpha6beta4 expression. To determine the role of integrin alpha6beta4 in these PTHrP-mediated effects, we utilized two strategies to modulate expression of the alpha6 and beta4 subunits in parental and PTHrP-overexpressing MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells: overexpression of alpha6beta4 by transfection with constructs encoding the alpha6 and beta4 subunits, and suppression of endogenous alpha6beta4 expression by transfection with siRNAs targeting these subunits. We now show that the effects of PTHrP are mediated via upregulation of integrin alpha6beta4 expression. We also show that integrin alpha6beta4 expression is modulated at the mRNA level, indicating a transcriptional and/or post-transcriptional mechanism of action for PTHrP. PTHrP expression also increased the levels of phosphorylated Akt, with a consequent increase in the levels of phosphorylated (inactive) glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). The role of PTHrP in breast cancer growth and metastasis may thus be mediated via upregulation of integrin alpha6beta4 expression and Akt activation, with consequent inactivation of GSK-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Shen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Sealy Center for Molecular Science, University of Texas Medical Branch, 10th and Market Streets, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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46
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Abstract
Integrins modulate signaling by growth factor receptors, but their role during tumorigenesis is not clear. Guo et al. (2006) now demonstrate that alpha 6 beta 4 integrin cooperates with ErbB2 in the formation of mammary tumors and discover distinct pathways that regulate cellular proliferation and adhesion downstream of the ErbB2-integrin complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil K Muthuswamy
- One Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
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47
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Joly D, Berissi S, Bertrand A, Strehl L, Patey N, Knebelmann B. Laminin 5 regulates polycystic kidney cell proliferation and cyst formation. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:29181-9. [PMID: 16870608 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m606151200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cyst formation is the hallmark of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). ADPKD cyst-lining cells have an increased proliferation rate and are surrounded by an abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM). We have previously shown that Laminin 5 (Ln-5, a alpha(3)beta(3)gamma(2) trimer) is aberrantly expressed in the pericystic ECM of ADPKD kidneys. We report that ADPKD cells in primary cultures produce and secrete Ln-5 that is incorporated to the pericystic ECM in an in vitro model of cystogenesis. In monolayers, purified Ln-5 induces ERK activation and proliferation of ADPKD cells, whereas upon epidermal growth factor stimulation blocking endogenously produced Ln-5 with anti-gamma(2) chain antibody reduces the sustained ERK activation and inhibits proliferation. In three-dimensional gel culture, addition of purified Ln-5 stimulates cell proliferation and cyst formation, whereas blocking endogenous Ln-5 strongly inhibits cyst formation. Ligation of alpha(6)beta(4) integrin, a major Ln-5 receptor aberrantly expressed by ADPKD cells, induces beta(4) integrin phosphorylation, ERK activation, cell proliferation, and cyst formation. These findings indicate that Ln-5 is an important regulator of ADPKD cell proliferation and cystogenesis and suggest that Ln-5 gamma(2) chain and Ln-5-alpha(6)beta(4) integrin interaction both contribute to these phenotypic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Joly
- Université Paris-Descartes, FacultédeMédecine, Inserm U813, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Service Néphrologie, 149 Rue de Sévres, 75015 Paris, France
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48
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Abstract
Extracellular matrix abnormalities have been found in both human and animal models of polycystic kidney disease (PKD). A new mouse PKD model has been produced through insertion of a PGKneo cassette in an intron of the gene that encodes laminin alpha5 (Lama5), a major tubular and glomerular basement membrane component that is important for glomerulogenesis and ureteric bud branching. Lama5neo represents a hypomorphic allele as a result of aberrant splicing. Lama5neo/neo mice exhibit PKD, proteinuria, and death from renal failure by 4 wk of age. This contrasts with mice that totally lack Lama5, which die in utero with multiple developmental defects. At 2 d of age, Lama5neo/neo mice exhibited mild proteinuria and microscopic cystic transformation. By 2 wk, cysts were grossly apparent in cortex and medulla, involving both nephron and collecting duct segments. Tubular basement membranes seemed to form normally, and early cyst basement membranes showed normal ultrastructure but developed marked thickening as cysts enlarged. Overall, Lama5 protein levels were severely reduced as a result of mRNA frameshift caused by exon skipping. This was accompanied by aberrant accumulation of laminin-332 (alpha3beta3gamma2; formerly called laminin-5) in some cysts, as also observed in human PKD. This constitutes the first evidence that a primary defect in an extracellular matrix component can cause PKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Brendan Shannon
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Bruce L. Patton
- CROET, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Scott J. Harvey
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jeffrey H. Miner
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Fothergill T, McMillan NAJ. Papillomavirus virus-like particles activate the PI3-kinase pathway via alpha-6 beta-4 integrin upon binding. Virology 2006; 352:319-28. [PMID: 16781758 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2006] [Revised: 03/02/2006] [Accepted: 05/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that human papillomavirus virus-like particles (VLPs) are able to activate the Ras/MAP kinase pathway. Ras can also elicit an anti-apoptotic signal via PI3-kinase so we investigated this further. Here we show that binding of VLPs from HPV types 6b, 18, 31, 35 and BPV1 results in activation of PI3-kinase. Activation was achieved by either L1 or L1/L2 VLPs and was dependent on both VLP-cell interaction and correct conformation of the virus particle. VLP-induced PI3-kinase activity resulted in efficient downstream signaling to Akt and consequent phosphorylation of FKHR and GSK3beta. We also present evidence that PV signaling is activated via the alpha6beta4 integrin. These data suggest that papillomaviruses use a common receptor that is able to signal through to Ras. Combined activation of the Ras/MAP kinase and PI3-kinase pathways may be beneficial for the virus by increasing cell numbers and producing an environment more conducive to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fothergill
- Cancer Biology Program, Centre for Immunology and Cancer Research, Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Wilhelmsen
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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