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Chen FX, Wan Q, Li QL, Fang J, Peng L, Hu J. Substance P prevents doxorubicin‑induced cardiomyocyte injury by regulating apoptosis and autophagy: In vitro and in vivo evidence. Mol Med Rep 2021; 25:50. [PMID: 34913064 PMCID: PMC8711026 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of substance P (SP) in myocardial ischemia is well understood, but its effects on congestive heart failure are unclear. The present study aimed to use in vitro and in vivo approaches to investigate the effects of SP on doxorubicin‑induced cardiomyocyte injury. Pathological changes, apoptosis, cardiomyocyte ultrastructure and molecular mechanisms were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The effects of SP on cell viability of H9c2 myocardial cells were evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit‑8 and flow cytometry. B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2), Bcl‑2‑associated X protein (Bax), Beclin‑1 and microtubule‑associated protein 1A/1B‑light chain 3 (LC3) were detected by western blotting. Heart failure in rats was established by intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin. The in vitro data demonstrated that SP at concentrations of 1 µg/ml inhibited doxorubicin‑induced apoptosis of H9c2 cells. Administration of doxorubicin reduced Bcl‑2, Beclin‑1 and LC3 expression levels in H9c2 cells, while having no effect on Bax levels. Administration of SP to these doxorubicin‑treated cells did not affect Bcl‑2 or Bax expression, but further reduced Beclin‑1 while inhibiting the reduction in LC3 expression. In vivo, food intake was significantly increased in rats in the SP group compared with the model group. Cardiomyocytes in the heart‑failure group underwent dysfunctional autophagy as ascertained by transmission electron microscopy. Compared with the heart‑failure group, these pathological changes, including loss of striations and vacuolation, were inhibited by SP treatment, which promoted Bax expression, reduced Beclin‑1 expression and inhibited the reduction in LC3 expression. Taken together, SP reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in doxorubicin‑induced cardiomyocyte injury, likely by promoting autophagy, which suggested that SP is a potential therapeutic target for doxorubicin‑induced heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Xiu Chen
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qin Wan
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Ling Li
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jing Fang
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Le Peng
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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The Cellular Response of Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars to Botulinum Toxin A: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Dermatol Surg 2018; 44:149-157. [PMID: 29401161 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000001360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Keloids and hypertrophic scars are conditions of pathologic scarring characterized by fibroblast hyperproliferation and excess collagen deposition. These conditions significantly impact patients by causing psychosocial, functional, and aesthetic distress. Current treatment modalities have limitations. Clinical evidence indicates that botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) may prevent and treat keloids and hypertrophic scars. OBJECTIVE To examine investigated cellular pathways involved in BoNT-A therapeutic modulation of keloids and hypertrophic scars. METHODS The authors searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for basic science articles related to botulinum toxin therapy, scarring, fibroblasts, keloids, and hypertrophic scars. RESULTS Eleven basic science articles involving keloids and hypertrophic scars were reviewed. DISCUSSION BoNT-A may reduce skin fibrosis by decreasing fibroblast proliferation, modulating the activity of transforming growth factor-β, and reducing transcription and expression of profibrotic cytokines in keloid-derived and hypertrophic scar-derived dermal fibroblasts. BoNT-A may modulate collagen deposition, but there is a paucity of evidence regarding specific mechanisms of action. CONCLUSION Overall, BoNT-A has the potential to prevent or treat pathologic scars in patients with a known personal or family history of keloids and hypertrophic scars, which may improve patient psychosocial distress and reduce clinic visits and health care costs. Variability in keloid and hypertrophic scar response to BoNT-A may be due to interexperiment differences in dosing, tissue donors, and assay sensitivity.
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The Implication of Substance P in the Development of Tendinopathy: A Case Control Study. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061241. [PMID: 28598390 PMCID: PMC5486064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It was reported that substance P had beneficial effects in the healing of acute tendon injury. However, the relationship between substance P and degenerative tendinopathy development remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of substance P in the pathogenesis of tendinopathy. Healthy and tendinopathy tendon were harvested from human and tenocytes were cultured individually. The expression levels of genes associated with tendinopathy were compared. Next, substance P was exogenously administered to the healthy tenocyte and the effect was evaluated. The results showed that tendinopathy tenocytes had higher levels of COL3A1, MMP1, COX2, SCX, ACTA2, and substance P gene expression compared to healthy tenocytes. Next, substance P treatment on the healthy tenocyte displayed similar changes to that of the tendinopathy tenocytes. These differences between the two groups were also determined by Western blot. Additionally, cells with substance P had the tendinopathy change morphologically although cellular proliferation was significantly higher compared to that of the control group. In conclusion, substance P enhanced cellular proliferation, but concomitantly increased immature collagen (type 3 collagen). Substance P plays a crucial role in tendinopathy development and could be a future therapeutic target for treatment.
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Mashaghi A, Marmalidou A, Tehrani M, Grace PM, Pothoulakis C, Dana R. Neuropeptide substance P and the immune response. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:4249-4264. [PMID: 27314883 PMCID: PMC5056132 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2293-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Substance P is a peptide mainly secreted by neurons and is involved in many biological processes, including nociception and inflammation. Animal models have provided insights into the biology of this peptide and offered compelling evidence for the importance of substance P in cell-to-cell communication by either paracrine or endocrine signaling. Substance P mediates interactions between neurons and immune cells, with nerve-derived substance P modulating immune cell proliferation rates and cytokine production. Intriguingly, some immune cells have also been found to secrete substance P, which hints at an integral role of substance P in the immune response. These communications play important functional roles in immunity including mobilization, proliferation and modulation of the activity of immune cells. This review summarizes current knowledge of substance P and its receptors, as well as its physiological and pathological roles. We focus on recent developments in the immunobiology of substance P and discuss the clinical implications of its ability to modulate the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mashaghi
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Anna Marmalidou
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Mohsen Tehrani
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Peter M. Grace
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - Charalabos Pothoulakis
- Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Reza Dana
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
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Chiang RS, Borovikova AA, King K, Banyard DA, Lalezari S, Toranto JD, Paydar KZ, Wirth GA, Evans GRD, Widgerow AD. Current concepts related to hypertrophic scarring in burn injuries. Wound Repair Regen 2016; 24:466-77. [PMID: 27027596 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Scarring following burn injury and its accompanying aesthetic and functional sequelae still pose major challenges. Hypertrophic scarring (HTS) can greatly impact patients' quality of life related to appearance, pain, pruritus and even loss of function of the injured body region. The identification of molecular events occurring in the evolution of the burn scar has increased our knowledge; however, this information has not yet translated into effective treatment modalities. Although many of the pathophysiologic pathways that bring about exaggerated scarring have been identified, certain nuances in burn scar formation are starting to be recognized. These include the effects of neurogenic inflammation, mechanotransduction, and the unique interactions of burn wound fluid with fat tissue in the deeper dermal layers, all of which may influence scarring outcome. Tension on the healing scar, pruritus, and pain all induce signaling pathways that ultimately result in increased collagen formation and myofibroblast phenotypic changes. Exposure of the fat domes in the deep dermis is associated with increased HTS, possibly on the basis of altered interaction of adipose-derived stem cells and the deep burn exudate. These pathophysiologic patterns related to stem cell-cytokine interactions, mechanotransduction, and neurogenic inflammation can provide new avenues of exploration for possible therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Chiang
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Plastic Surgery Department, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Anna A Borovikova
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Plastic Surgery Department, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Kassandra King
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Plastic Surgery Department, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Derek A Banyard
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Plastic Surgery Department, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Shadi Lalezari
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Plastic Surgery Department, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jason D Toranto
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Plastic Surgery Department, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Keyianoosh Z Paydar
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Plastic Surgery Department, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Garrett A Wirth
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Plastic Surgery Department, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Gregory R D Evans
- Chairman Plastic Surgery Department, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Alan D Widgerow
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Plastic Surgery Department, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Director Center for Tissue Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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Satheeshkumar PS, Mohan MP. A new alimentary tract mucosal inflammation model and a possibility of receptor targeted therapy in tissue reactions in cytotoxic therapy. Oral Oncol 2014; 51:e15-6. [PMID: 25467209 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Minu P Mohan
- Mar Baselios Dental College, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Thankalam, Kothamangalam, Ernakulam, Kerala 686 691, India.
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Satheeshkumar PS, Mohan MP. Tachykinin peptide, substance P, and its receptor NK-1R play an important role in alimentary tract mucosal inflammation during cytotoxic therapy. Dig Dis Sci 2014; 59:2864-73. [PMID: 24981415 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-014-3263-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The alimentary tract mucosal inflammation has been a topic of concern in oncology; though many modalities of treatment have been proposed for mucosal inflammation, the contributing adverse effects have severely affected the quality of life of patients. This review focuses on the importance of neurogenic peptide, Substance P and its receptor NK-1R in modulating the cascades of events in mucosal inflammation during cytotoxic therapy. There are various preclinical and clinical models showing increased expression of Substance P/NK-1R in ionizing radiation and chemotherapy, but only very few preclinical studies to our knowledge have highlighted or examined its role in mucosal inflammation. Hence, the importance of neuropeptide involved in the inflammatory events in mucosal inflammation in cytotoxic therapy could be a major breakthrough for future research purposes and treatment. The factors contributing to the severity of tissue reactions have been multietiogenic; thus, resultant treatment also has to be directed toward multiple contributing factors. This review also focuses on the significance of care strategy to be adopted in alimentary tract mucositis when multietiogenic factors are taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Satheeshkumar
- Department of Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Velindre Hospital, Cardiff University, Wales, CF 14 2TL, UK,
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8
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Dehlin HM, Levick SP. Substance P in heart failure: the good and the bad. Int J Cardiol 2013; 170:270-7. [PMID: 24286592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The tachykinin, substance P, is found primarily in sensory nerves. In the heart, substance P-containing nerve fibers are often found surrounding coronary vessels, making them ideally situated to sense changes in the myocardial environment. Recent studies in rodents have identified substance P as having dual roles in the heart, depending on disease etiology and/or timing. Thus far, these studies indicate that substance P may be protective acutely following ischemia-reperfusion, but damaging long-term in non-ischemic induced remodeling and heart failure. Sensory nerves may be at the apex of the cascade of events leading to heart failure, therefore, they make a promising potential therapeutic target that warrants increased investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Dehlin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Cardiovascular Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Scott P Levick
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Cardiovascular Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States.
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O'Brien EJO, Smith RKW. Science in brief: The likely role of the central nervous system in bilateral tendinopathy and tendon healing. Equine Vet J 2013; 45:401-2. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are involved in the development of tendinopathy. These potent enzymes completely degrade all components of the connective tissue, modify the extracellular matrix (ECM), and mediate the development of painful tendinopathy. To control the local activity of activated proteinases, the same cells produce tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP). These latter bind to the enzyme and prevent degradation. The balance between the activities of MMPs and TIMPs regulates tendon remodeling, whereas an imbalance produces a collagen dis-regulation and disturbances in tendons. ADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) are cell membrane-linked enzymes with proteolytic and cell signaling functions. ADAMTSs (ADAM with thrombospondin motifs) are secreted into the circulation and constitute a heterogenous family of proteases with both anabolic and catabolic functions. Further studies are needed to better define the mechanism of action, and whether these new strategies are safe and effective in larger models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Del Buono
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Biomedico University of Rome, Italy
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11
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Bozchaloei SS, Gong SG, Dehpour AR, Farrokh P, Khoshayand MR, Oskoui M. Caffeine alters mitochondrial dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activity of human gingival fibroblasts in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 4:233-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Siew-Ging Gong
- Department of Orthodontics; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Ahmad R. Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Parisa Farrokh
- Department of Microbiology; Pasteur Institute of Iran; Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad R. Khoshayand
- Department of Food and Drug Control; School of Pharmacy; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Mahvash Oskoui
- Department of Microbiology; Pasteur Institute of Iran; Tehran Iran
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12
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Akcali A, Huck O, Tenenbaum H, Davideau JL, Buduneli N. Periodontal diseases and stress: a brief review. J Oral Rehabil 2012; 40:60-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2012.02341.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Akcali
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry; Ege University; Izmir; Turkey
| | - O. Huck
- Department of Periodontology; Dental Faculty; University of Strasbourg; Strasbourg; France
| | - H. Tenenbaum
- Department of Periodontology; Dental Faculty; University of Strasbourg; Strasbourg; France
| | - J. L. Davideau
- Department of Periodontology; Dental Faculty; University of Strasbourg; Strasbourg; France
| | - N. Buduneli
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry; Ege University; Izmir; Turkey
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13
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Del Buono A, Oliva F, Longo UG, Rodeo SA, Orchard J, Denaro V, Maffulli N. Metalloproteases and rotator cuff disease. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2012; 21:200-8. [PMID: 22244063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2011.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 10/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The molecular changes occurring in rotator cuff tears are still unknown, but much attention has been paid to better understand the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in the development of tendinopathy. These are potent enzymes that, once activated, can completely degrade all components of the connective tissue, modify the extracellular matrix (ECM), and mediatethe development of painful tendinopathy and tendon rupture. To control the local activity of activated proteinases, the same cells produce tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP) that bind to the enzymes and prevent degradation. The balance between the activities of MMPs and TIMPs regulates tendon remodeling, whereas an imbalance produces a collagen dis-regulation and disturbances intendons. ADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) are cell membrane-linked enzymes with proteolytic and cell signaling functions. ADAMTSs (ADAM with thrombospondin motifs) are secreted into the circulation, and constitute a heterogenous family of proteases with both anabolic and catabolic functions. Biologic modulation of endogenous MMP activity to basal levels may reduce pathologic tissue degradation and favorably influence healing after rotator cuff repair. Further studies are needed to better define the mechanism of action, and whether these new strategies are safe and effective in larger models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Del Buono
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Biomedico, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
The role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPS) in the pathophysiology of rotator cuff tears has not been established yet. Recent advances empathize about the role of MMPs and TIMPS in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and degradation in rotator cuff tears pathogenesis and healing after surgical repair. An increase in MMPs synthesis and the resulting MMPs mediated alterations in the ECM of tendons have been implicated in the etiopathogenesis of tendinopathy, and there is an increase in the expression of MMPs and a decrease in TIMP messenger ribonucleic acid expression in tenocytes from degenerative or ruptured tendons. Importantly, MMPs are amenable to inhibition by cheap, safe, and widely available drugs such as the tetracycline antibiotics and bisphosphonates. A better understanding of relationship and activity of these molecules could provide better strategies to optimize outcomes of rotator cuff therapy.
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Meléndez GC, Li J, Law BA, Janicki JS, Supowit SC, Levick SP. Substance P induces adverse myocardial remodelling via a mechanism involving cardiac mast cells. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 92:420-9. [PMID: 21908647 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Substance P and neurokinin A (NKA) are sensory nerve neuropeptides encoded by the TAC1 gene. Substance P is a mast cell secretagogue and mast cells are known to play a role in adverse myocardial remodelling. Therefore, we wondered whether substance P and/or NKA modulates myocardial remodelling via a mast cell-mediated mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS Volume overload was induced by aortocaval fistula in TAC1(-/-) mice and their respective wild types. Left ventricular internal diameter of wild-type (WT) fistulas increased by 31.9%; this was prevented in TAC1(-/-) mice (4.2%). Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity was significantly increased in WT fistula mice and was prevented in TAC1(-/-) mice. Myocardial collagen volume fraction was decreased in WT fistula mice; this collagen degradation was not observed in the TAC1(-/-) group. There were no significant differences between any groups in tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α or cell death. Cardiac mast cells were isolated from rat hearts and stimulated with substance P or NKA. We found that these cells degranulated only to substance P, via the neurokinin-1 receptor. To determine the effect of substance P on mast cells in vivo, volume overload was created in Sprague-Dawley rats treated with the NK-1 receptor antagonist L732138 (5 mg/kg/day) for a period of 3 days. L732138 prevented: (i) increases in cardiac mast cell density; (ii) increased myocardial TNF-α; and (iii) collagen degradation. CONCLUSIONS Our studies suggest that substance P may be important in mediating adverse myocardial remodelling secondary to volume overload by activating cardiac mast cells, leading to increased TNF-α and MMP activation with subsequent degradation of the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle C Meléndez
- Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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16
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Isaza-Guzmán DM, Arias-Osorio C, Martínez-Pabón MC, Tobón-Arroyave SI. Salivary levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1: A pilot study about the relationship with periodontal status and MMP-9−1562C/T gene promoter polymorphism. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:401-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Xie L, Moroi Y, Tsuji G, Liu M, Hayashida S, Takahara M, Fukagawa S, Takeuchi S, Shan B, Nakahara T, Uchi H, Yokomizo T, Furue M. CD10-bearing fibroblast inhibits matrigel invasive potency of interleukin-1α-producing squamous cell carcinoma by diminishing substance P levels in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Sci 2010; 101:2570-8. [PMID: 20874839 PMCID: PMC11158981 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2010.01735.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CD10 is a neutral endopeptidase, which cleaves various peptide substrates including substance P. CD10 expression has been detected in peritumoral fibroblasts (Fb) within the invasive area of various cancers such as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, the biological significance of CD10-bearing Fb remains largely unknown. We examined dynamic interactions of Fb with tumorigenic A431 SCC cells or non-tumorigenic HaCaT squamous cells. The SCC and HaCaT cells did not synthesize CD10, while Fb constitutively expressed CD10. When co-cultured, SCC markedly upregulated fibroblastic CD10 expression compared with HaCaT, which was mainly attributable to SCC-derived interleukin-1α (IL-1α). Both SCC and Fb autonomously secreted substance P, which eventually enhanced the invasive capacity of SCC in a matrigel invasion assay by upregulating matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-2, but not MMP-9. Transfection of siRNA for CD10 successfully knocked down the CD10 expression in Fb (CD10ND-Fb). In the presence of CD10ND-Fb, substance P levels in supernatants as well as MMP production and the invasive potency of SCC were significantly augmented compared with control scramble RNA-transfected Fb. We also transfected CD10 vector to Fb and found that the matrigel invasive ability of SCC cells was downregulated co-cultured with CD10 vector-transfected Fb rather than empty vector-transfected Fb. In conclusion, the CD10-bearing Fb generated by SCC-derived IL-1 inhibited the invasive capacity of SCC by diminishing the microenvironmental concentration of substance P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lining Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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18
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Khattak MJ, Ahmad T, Rehman R, Umer M, Hasan SH, Ahmed M. Muscle healing and nerve regeneration in a muscle contusion model in the rat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 92:894-9. [PMID: 20513892 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.92b6.22819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The nervous system is known to be involved in inflammation and repair. We aimed to determine the effect of physical activity on the healing of a muscle injury and to examine the pattern of innervation. Using a drop-ball technique, a contusion was produced in the gastrocnemius in 20 rats. In ten the limb was immobilised in a plaster cast and the remaining ten had mobilisation on a running wheel. The muscle and the corresponding dorsal-root ganglia were studied by histological and immunohistochemical methods. In the mobilisation group, there was a significant reduction in lymphocytes (p = 0.016), macrophages (p = 0.008) and myotubules (p = 0.008) between three and 21 days. The formation of myotubules and the density of nerve fibres was significantly higher (both p = 0.016) compared with those in the immobilisation group at three days, while the density of CGRP-positive fibres was significantly lower (p = 0.016) after 21 days. Mobilisation after contusional injury to the muscle resulted in early and increased formation of myotubules, early nerve regeneration and progressive reduction in inflammation, suggesting that it promoted a better healing response.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Khattak
- University College London Hospital, London NW1 2BU, UK
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Lui PPY, Chan LS, Fu SC, Chan KM. Expression of sensory neuropeptides in tendon is associated with failed healing and activity-related tendon pain in collagenase-induced tendon injury. Am J Sports Med 2010; 38:757-64. [PMID: 20139325 DOI: 10.1177/0363546509355402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increase in expression of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has been reported in clinical samples of tendinopathy. PURPOSE To examine the spatial-temporal expression of these neuropeptides as well as their association with activity-related tendon pain, matrix degeneration, failed healing, and pathologic calcification in an established collagenase-induced tendon injury rat model. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Collagenase or saline was injected into the patellar tendon of rats. At weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16, just before the rats were sacrificed, the double-stance duration of rats was examined by gait analysis method. After sacrifice, the patellar tendons were harvested for histologic analysis and immunohistochemical staining of SP and CGRP. RESULTS There was an increase of SP and CGRP immunopositivity in tendon fibroblasts at week 2. The immunopositive signals decreased at weeks 4 and 8 and were observed in chondrocyte-like cells. At weeks 12 and 16, the immunopositive staining increased again and was observed in cells embedded in calcific deposits in addition to tendon fibroblasts and chondrocyte-like cells. The expression pattern was consistent with matrix degeneration, calcification, and failed healing in the animal model. There were significant positive correlations of immunopositivity of SP (rho = .502, P = .002) and CGRP (rho = .483, P = .003) with double-stance duration after collagenase injection. CONCLUSION There was increased expression of SP and CGRP after collagenase-induced tendon injury, and their expression was positively associated with double-stance duration. Clinical Relevance Substance P and CGRP might be involved in the pathogenesis and origin of pain of tendinopathy and could be the targets for future intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Po-Yee Lui
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of HongKong, Hong Kong SAR,
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Zeldich E, Koren R, Dard M, Weinberg E, Weinreb M, Nemcovsky CE. Enamel matrix derivative induces the expression of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-3 in human gingival fibroblasts via extracellular signal-regulated kinase. J Periodontal Res 2010; 45:200-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2009.01218.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pasternak B, Aspenberg P. Metalloproteinases and their inhibitors-diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities in orthopedics. Acta Orthop 2009; 80:693-703. [PMID: 19968600 PMCID: PMC2823312 DOI: 10.3109/17453670903448257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and related enzymes (ADAMs, ADAMTS) and their inhibitors control matrix turnover and function. Recent advances in our understanding of musculoskeletal conditions such as tendinopathy, arthritis, Dupuytren's disease, degenerative disc disease, and bone and soft tissue healing suggest that MMPs have prominant roles. Importantly, MMPs are amenable to inhibition by cheap, safe, and widely available drugs such as the tetracycline antibiotics and the bisphosphonates. This indicates that these MMP inhibitors, if proven effective for any novel indication, may be quickly brought into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Per Aspenberg
- Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, IKE, Linköping University, Linköping
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Reed KL, Stucchi AF, Leeman SE, Becker JM. Inhibitory Effects of a Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonist on Postoperative Peritoneal Adhesion Formation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1144:116-26. [DOI: 10.1196/annals.1418.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Lim R, Morrill JM, Prushik SG, Reed KL, Gower AC, Leeman SE, Stucchi AF, Becker JM. An FDA approved neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist is effective in reducing intraabdominal adhesions when administered intraperitoneally, but not orally. J Gastrointest Surg 2008; 12:1754-61. [PMID: 18709513 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-008-0634-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 07/16/2008] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Postoperative adhesions pose a continued healthcare problem. We previously demonstrated that intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist (NK-1RA) at surgery reduces intraabdominal adhesions in rats. The NK-1RA aprepitant (Emend, Merck) is clinically approved for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting; however, its effects on adhesion formation are unknown. Thus, we determined the effects of i.p. and oral administration of aprepitant on adhesion formation in a rat model. METHODS Adhesions were surgically induced in rats that were randomized to receive either one or five oral preoperative doses or a single intraoperative i.p. dose of aprepitant (50 mg/kg). Adhesions were scored at 7 days. In similar experiments using i.p. dosing, animals were sacrificed at 24 h and peritoneal fluid, and tissue were collected to assess fibrinolytic activity and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) mRNA levels, respectively. RESULTS I.p. aprepitant reduced adhesion formation by 33% (p < 0.05) compared with controls while oral aprepitant had no effect. Compared to controls i.p. aprepitant reduced tPA activity by 55% (p < 0.05), increased PAI-1 mRNA levels by 140% (p < 0.05), and had no affect on tPA mRNA levels. CONCLUSION These data suggest that aprepitant maybe a useful pharmacologic agent for reducing adhesion formation clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizal Lim
- Department of Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, 88 East Newton St. C500, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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