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Yu XD, Li A, Li XY, Zhou Y, Li X, He Z, Wang L, Reilly J, Tan Z, Xiao ZY, Shu X. Trans-urocanic acid facilitates spatial memory, implications for Alzheimer's disease. Physiol Behav 2022; 252:113827. [PMID: 35490778 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Trans-urocanic acid (trans-UCA) is an isomer of cis-UCA and is widely distributed in the brain, predominantly in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Previous studies have investigated the role of trans-UCA in non-spatial memory; however, its influence on spatial memory remains unclear. In the present study, network pharmacology strategy and behavioral testing were used to evaluate the role of trans-UCA in spatial memory and predict its possible mechanism. The results showed that there are 40 intersecting targets between trans-UCA and spatial memory identified by several databases and Venn diagram, indicating that trans-UCA may be involved in spatial memory. Behavioral results show that trans-UCA facilitates spatial working memory in the Y-maze test as well as spatial recognition memory acquisition, consolidation and retrieval in an object location recognition (OLR) task. Furthermore, PPI (protein-protein interaction) network analysis, GO (gene ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) pathway enrichment analyses show that the molecular mechanisms underlying the enhancing effect of trans-UCA on spatial memory are mainly associated with the regulation of insulin, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor Kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways, serotonergic synapse and arginine and proline metabolism. The results of this study suggest that trans-UCA facilitates spatial memory in the Y-maze test and OLR task and may offer therapeutic potential for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The underlying mechanisms predicted by network pharmacology should be further verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Dong Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, 422000, Shaoyang, China
| | - Ao Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, 422000, Shaoyang, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Li
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, , 410208 Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, 422000, Shaoyang, China
| | - Xing Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, 422000, Shaoyang, China
| | - Zhiming He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, 422000, Shaoyang, China
| | - Le Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, 422000, Shaoyang, China
| | - James Reilly
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, G4 0BA, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Zhoujin Tan
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, , 410208 Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Xiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital,Department of Critical Care Medicine,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, China.
| | - Xinhua Shu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, 422000, Shaoyang, China; Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, G4 0BA, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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Yu XD, Mo YX, He Z, Reilly J, Tian SW, Shu X. Urocanic acid enhances memory consolidation and reconsolidation in novel object recognition task. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 579:62-68. [PMID: 34587556 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Urocanic acid (UCA) is an endogenous small molecule that is elevated in skin, blood and brain after sunlight exposure, mainly playing roles in the periphery systems. Few studies have investigated the role of UCA in the central nervous system. In particular, its role in memory consolidation and reconsolidation is still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of intraperitoneal injection of UCA on memory consolidation and reconsolidation in a novel object recognition memory (ORM) task. In the consolidation version of the ORM task, the protocol involved three phases: habituation, sampling and test. UCA injection immediately after the sampling period enhanced ORM memory performance; UCA injection 6 h after sampling did not affect ORM memory performance. In the reconsolidation version of the ORM task, the protocol involved three phases: sampling, reactivation and test. UCA injection immediately after reactivation enhanced ORM memory performance; UCA injection 6 h after reactivation did not affect ORM memory performance; UCA injection 24 h after sampling without reactivation did not affect ORM memory performance. This UCA-enhanced memory performance was not due to its effects on nonspecific responses such as locomotor activity and exploratory behavior. The results suggest that UCA injection enhances consolidation and reconsolidation of an ORM task, which further extends previous research on UCA effects on learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Dong Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, 422000, PR China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Southwest Hunan, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, 422000, PR China; Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China
| | - Yan-Xin Mo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, 422000, PR China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Southwest Hunan, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, 422000, PR China
| | - Zhiming He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, 422000, PR China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Southwest Hunan, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, 422000, PR China
| | - James Reilly
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, UK
| | - Shao-Wen Tian
- Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, PR China.
| | - Xinhua Shu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, 422000, PR China; Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, UK; Department of Vision Science, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, UK.
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Rueter K, Jones AP, Siafarikas A, Chivers P, Prescott SL, Palmer DJ. The Influence of Sunlight Exposure and Sun Protecting Behaviours on Allergic Outcomes in Early Childhood. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18105429. [PMID: 34069576 PMCID: PMC8161152 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The dramatic rise in allergic disease has occurred in tandem with recent environmental changes and increasing indoor lifestyle culture. While multifactorial, one consistent allergy risk factor has been reduced sunlight exposure. However, vitamin D supplementation studies have been disappointing in preventing allergy, raising possible independent effects of ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. The aim of this study was to examine whether UV light exposure influences the development of allergic disease in early childhood. Direct sunlight exposure (290-380 nm) in early infancy was measured via UV dosimeters. Outdoor exposure, sun protective behaviours, and allergy outcomes were assessed over the first 2.5 years of life with clinical assessment appointments at 3, 6, 12 and 30 months of age. Children with eczema had less (p = 0.038) direct UV light exposure between 0-3 months of age (median (IQR) 747 (473-1439) J/m2) than children without eczema (median (IQR) 1204 (1717-1843) J/m2); and less outdoor exposure time (7 min/day) between 11 a.m. and 3 p.m. compared to children without eczema (20 min/day, p = 0.011). These associations were seen independent of vitamin D status, and after adjusting for other potential confounders. Whilst we could not find any associations between direct UV light exposure and other allergic disease outcomes, exposure to UV light appears to be beneficial in reducing the risk of eczema development in early childhood. Further research is required to determine optimal levels of UV light exposure while balancing the potential risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Rueter
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Australia; (K.R.); (A.S.); (S.L.P.)
- Department of Immunology and Dermatology, Perth Children’s Hospital, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands 6009, Australia
- inVIVO Planetary Health, Group of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), 6010 Park Ave, West New York, NJ 07093, USA
| | - Anderson P. Jones
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands 6009, Australia;
| | - Aris Siafarikas
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Australia; (K.R.); (A.S.); (S.L.P.)
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands 6009, Australia;
- Department of Endocrinology, Perth Children’s Hospital, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands 6009, Australia
- Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Perth 6160, Australia;
| | - Paola Chivers
- Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Perth 6160, Australia;
- School of Medical and Health Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth 6027, Australia
| | - Susan L. Prescott
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Australia; (K.R.); (A.S.); (S.L.P.)
- Department of Immunology and Dermatology, Perth Children’s Hospital, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands 6009, Australia
- inVIVO Planetary Health, Group of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), 6010 Park Ave, West New York, NJ 07093, USA
- The ORIGINS Project, Telethon Kids Institute and Division of Paediatrics, University of Western Australia, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| | - Debra J. Palmer
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Australia; (K.R.); (A.S.); (S.L.P.)
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands 6009, Australia;
- Correspondence:
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Jauhonen HM, Laihia J, Oksala O, Viiri J, Sironen R, Alajuuma P, Kaarniranta K, Leino L. Topical cis-urocanic acid prevents ocular surface irritation in both IgE -independent and -mediated rat model. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2017; 255:2357-2362. [PMID: 28840310 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-017-3781-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Our purpose was to investigate the effect of locally administered cis-urocanic (cis-UCA) in two experimental models of allergic conjunctivitis. METHODS The compound 48/80 (C48/80)-induced ocular irritation model (IgE-independent) and the ovalbumin (OA)-induced ocular allergy model (IgE-mediated) were used to test and compare the effect of cis-UCA on dexamethasone, ketotifen and olopatadine. In the C48/80 model, clinical severity scoring from photographs, immunohistochemical analysis of nuclear Ki-67 antigen to quantify actively proliferating epithelial cells and of caspase-3 enzyme to identify apoptotic activity in the conjunctival tissue were used. In the OA model, an Evans Blue stain concentration of conjunctival tissue was used to evaluate vascular leakage due to allergic reaction. RESULTS The cis-UCA was well tolerated and effective in both the IgE-independent and -mediated rat models. Treatment with C48/80 caused conjunctival hyperaemia, which was significantly inhibited by ketotifen at the 6 h time point (p = 0.014) and by dexamethasone and cis-UCA 0.5% at 12 (p = 0.004) and 24 (p = 0.004) hour time points. In a comparison between the active drug treatments, only ketotifen showed a significant difference (p = 0.023) to cis-UCA treatment at the 1 h time point, otherwise there were no statistically significant differences between the active drugs. Ketotifen, dexamethasone and cis-UCA 0.5% significantly inhibited the C48/80-induced nuclear accumulation of Ki-67, without differences between the active treatment groups. In the OA model, cis-UCA 0.5% did not inhibit the vascular leakage of conjunctiva, whereas cis-UCA 2.5% of was at least equally effective compared to olopatadine, abolishing the allergic vascular leakage response almost completely. CONCLUSIONS The present findings in the two AC models suggest that cis-UCA might have anti-allergic potency both in immediate and delayed-type allergic reactions in the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna-Mari Jauhonen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. .,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | | | | | - Johanna Viiri
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Reijo Sironen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Leitch CS, Natafji E, Yu C, Abdul-Ghaffar S, Madarasingha N, Venables ZC, Chu R, Fitch PM, Muinonen-Martin AJ, Campbell LE, McLean WHI, Schwarze J, Howie SEM, Weller RB. Filaggrin-null mutations are associated with increased maturation markers on Langerhans cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:482-490.e7. [PMID: 26934939 PMCID: PMC5422581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the gene encoding filaggrin (FLG), an epidermal structural protein, are the strongest risk factor identified for the development of atopic dermatitis (AD). Up to 50% of patients with moderate-to-severe AD in European populations have FLG-null alleles compared with a general population frequency of 7% to 10%. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the relationship between FLG-null mutations and epidermal antigen-presenting cell (APC) maturation in subjects with and without AD. Additionally, we investigated whether the cis isomer of urocanic acid (UCA), a filaggrin breakdown product, exerts immunomodulatory effects on dendritic cells. METHODS Epidermal APCs from nonlesional skin were assessed by using flow cytometry (n = 27) and confocal microscopy (n = 16). Monocyte-derived dendritic cells from healthy volunteers were used to assess the effects of cis- and trans-UCA on dendritic cell phenotype by using flow cytometry (n = 11). RESULTS Epidermal APCs from FLG-null subjects had increased CD11c expression. Confocal microscopy confirmed this and additionally revealed an increased number of epidermal CD83(+) Langerhans cells in FLG-null subjects. In vitro differentiation in the presence of cis-UCA significantly reduced costimulatory molecule expression on monocyte-derived dendritic cells from healthy volunteers and increased their ability to induce a regulatory T-cell phenotype in mixed lymphocyte reactions. CONCLUSIONS We show that subjects with FLG-null mutations have more mature Langerhans cells in nonlesional skin irrespective of whether they have AD. We also demonstrate that cis-UCA reduces maturation of dendritic cells and increases their capacity to induce regulatory T cells, suggesting a novel link between filaggrin deficiency and immune dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire S Leitch
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Eenass Natafji
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Cunjing Yu
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nayani Madarasingha
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Zoë C Venables
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Roland Chu
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Paul M Fitch
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Linda E Campbell
- Centre for Dermatology and Genetic Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - W H Irwin McLean
- Centre for Dermatology and Genetic Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Jürgen Schwarze
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E M Howie
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Richard B Weller
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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The Importance of Acidification in Atopic Eczema: An Underexplored Avenue for Treatment. J Clin Med 2015; 4:970-8. [PMID: 26239459 PMCID: PMC4470210 DOI: 10.3390/jcm4050970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a form of dermatitis commonly seen in children and adults. Its pathophysiology is complex and is centered on the barrier function of the epidermis. An important aspect of the skin’s barrier is pH, which in turn affects a number of parameters such as the skin flora, protease function, and mediators of inflammation and pruritus. Normal pH for non-neonatal skin is acidic and ranges from 4 to 6. Skin pH in atopic dermatitis patients is often increased into the neutral to basic range, and the resulting cascade of changes contributes to the phenotype of atopic dermatitis. Therefore, the maintenance of normal skin pH remains an important topic in understanding and treating atopic dermatitis. This article will review skin pH and its impact on normal barrier function, pathological pH changes in atopic dermatitis, and the therapeutic considerations related to restoring and maintaining pH balance.
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Schäkel K, Döbel T, Bosselmann I. Future treatment options for atopic dermatitis – Small molecules and beyond. J Dermatol Sci 2014; 73:91-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Wezynfeld NE, Goch W, Bal W, Frączyk T. cis-Urocanic acid as a potential nickel(ii) binding molecule in the human skin. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:3196-201. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt53194e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
cis-Urocanic acid, a component of human skin, is an efficient ligand for allergenic Ni2+ ions, forming high spin complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Ewa Wezynfeld
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Goch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Bal
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Frączyk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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NB-UVB irradiation increases filaggrin expression in a three-dimensional human skin model. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 70:146-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Park NH, Park JS, Kang YG, Bae JH, Lee HK, Yeom MH, Cho JC, Na YJ. Soybean extract showed modulation of retinoic acid-related gene expression of skin and photo-protective effects in keratinocytes. Int J Cosmet Sci 2013; 35:136-42. [PMID: 23075113 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Soy extracts are well known as medicinal and nutritional ingredients, and exhibit benefits towards human skin including depigmenting or anti-ageing effects. Despite the wrinkle decreasing effects of retinoids on skin as an anti-ageing ingredient, retinoid application can causes photo-sensitive responses such as skin irritation. Thus, their daytime usage is not recommended. The aim of this study is the investigation into the activities of soybean extract as an anti-ageing ingredient and their comparison to retinoids in this respect. Soybean extract decreased the relative ratio of MMP-1/TIMP-1 mRNA to the same degree as retinoic acid in normal human fibroblasts. It also affected mRNA levels of HAS2 and CRABP2 in normal human keratinocytes. Furthermore, we investigated its effect on mRNA expression of histidase, an enzyme that converts histidine into urocanic acid, the main UV light absorption factor of the stratum corneum. Unlike the complete inhibition of histidase exhibited by the mRNA expression of retinoic acid, the effect of soybean extract on histidase gene expression was weaker in normal human keratinocytes. Also, soybean extract pretreatment inhibited UVB-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer formation dose-dependently in normal human keratinocytes. In this study, we found that soybean extract modulated retinoic acid-related genes and showed photo-protective effects. Our findings suggest that soybean extract could be an anti-ageing ingredient that can be safely used under the sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- N-H Park
- Skin Research Institute, Amorepacific R&D center, 314-1 Bora-dong, Giheung-gu, 446-729, Yongin, South Korea
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Modulation of the immune system by UV radiation: more than just the effects of vitamin D? Nat Rev Immunol 2011; 11:584-96. [PMID: 21852793 DOI: 10.1038/nri3045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Humans obtain most of their vitamin D through the exposure of skin to sunlight. The immunoregulatory properties of vitamin D have been demonstrated in studies showing that vitamin D deficiency is associated with poor immune function and increased disease susceptibility. The benefits of moderate ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure and the positive latitude gradients observed for some immune-mediated diseases may therefore reflect the activities of UV-induced vitamin D. Alternatively, other mediators that are induced by UV radiation may be more important for UV-mediated immunomodulation. Here, we compare and contrast the effects of UV radiation and vitamin D on immune function in immunopathological diseases, such as psoriasis, multiple sclerosis and asthma, and during infection.
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