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Sun Z, Aschalew ND, Cheng L, Xia Y, Zhang L, Yin G, Wang S, Wang Z, Dong J, Zhang W, Zhao W, Qin G, Zhang X, Zhong R, Wang T, Zhen Y. Dietary 5-hydroxytryptophan improves sheep growth performance by enhancing ruminal functions, antioxidant capacity, and tryptophan metabolism: in vitro and in vivo studies. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1398310. [PMID: 38835767 PMCID: PMC11148369 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1398310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) can regulate the synthesis of 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and melatonin (MT). In a previous metabolome analysis, we found that 5-HTP is an effective ingredient in yeast culture for regulating rumen fermentation. However, research on the effect of this microbial product (5-HTP) as a functional feed additive in sheep production is still not well explained. Therefore, this study examined the effects of 5-HTP on sheep rumen function and growth performance using in vitro and in vivo models. Methods A two-factor in vitro experiment involving different 5-HTP doses and fermentation times was conducted. Then, in the in vivo experiment, 10 sheep were divided into a control group which was fed a basal diet, and a 5-HTP group supplemented with 8 mg/kg 5-HTP for 60 days. Results The results showed that 5-HTP supplementation had a significant effect on in vitro DMD, pH, NH3-N, acetic acid, propionic acid, and TVFA concentrations. 5-HTP altered rumen bacteria composition and diversity indices including Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson. Moreover, the in vivo study on sheep confirmed that supplementing with 8 mg/kg of 5-HTP improved rumen fermentation efficiency and microbial composition. This led to enhanced sheep growth performance and increased involvement in the tryptophan metabolic pathway, suggesting potential benefits. Conclusion Dietary 5-HTP (8 mg/kg DM) improves sheep growth performance by enhancing ruminal functions, antioxidant capacity, and tryptophan metabolism. This study can provide a foundation for the development of 5-HTP as a functional feed additive in ruminants' production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Sun
- Jilin Agricultural University (JLAU)-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science & Technology Co. Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Natnael D Aschalew
- Jilin Agricultural University (JLAU)-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Long Cheng
- Jilin Agricultural University (JLAU)-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanhong Xia
- Jilin Agricultural University (JLAU)-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Longyu Zhang
- Jilin Agricultural University (JLAU)-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Guopei Yin
- Jilin Agricultural University (JLAU)-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Shikun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziyuan Wang
- Jilin Agricultural University (JLAU)-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianan Dong
- Jilin Agricultural University (JLAU)-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Weigang Zhang
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science & Technology Co. Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science & Technology Co. Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Guixin Qin
- Jilin Agricultural University (JLAU)-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- Jilin Agricultural University (JLAU)-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Rongzhen Zhong
- Jilin Province Feed Processing and Ruminant Precision Breeding Cross-Regional Cooperation Technology Innovation Center, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Grassland Farming, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Jilin Agricultural University (JLAU)-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science & Technology Co. Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Yuguo Zhen
- Jilin Agricultural University (JLAU)-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science & Technology Co. Ltd., Changchun, China
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Sternberg Z. Neurodegenerative Etiology of Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase Deficiency: a Novel Concept for Expanding Treatment Strategies. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2996-3018. [PMID: 37953352 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03684-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency (AADC-DY) is caused by one or more mutations in the DDC gene, resulting in the deficit in catecholamines and serotonin neurotransmitters. The disease has limited therapeutic options with relatively poor clinical outcomes. Accumulated evidence suggests the involvement of neurodegenerative mechanisms in the etiology of AADC-DY. In the absence of neurotransmitters' neuroprotective effects, the accumulation and the chronic presence of several neurotoxic metabolites including 4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine, 3-methyldopa, and homocysteine, in the brain of subjects with AADC-DY, promote oxidative stress and reduce the cellular antioxidant and methylation capacities, leading to glial activation and mitochondrial dysfunction, culminating to neuronal injury and death. These pathophysiological processes have the potential to hinder the clinical efficacy of treatments aimed at increasing neurotransmitters' synthesis and or function. This review describes in detail the mechanisms involved in AADC-DY neurodegenerative etiology, highlighting the close similarities with those involved in other neurodegenerative diseases. We then offer novel strategies for the treatment of the disease with the objective to either reduce the level of the metabolites or counteract their prooxidant and neurotoxic effects. These treatment modalities used singly or in combination, early in the course of the disease, will minimize neuronal injury, preserving the functional integrity of neurons, hence improving the clinical outcomes of both conventional and unconventional interventions in AADC-DY. These modalities may not be limited to AADC-DY but also to other metabolic disorders where a specific mutation leads to the accumulation of prooxidant and neurotoxic metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohi Sternberg
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo Medical Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
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3
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Sun W, Lu Q, Zhang Y, Xing D. 5-Hydroxytryptophan acts as a gap junction inhibitor to limit the spread of chemotherapy-induced cardiomyocyte injury and mitochondrial dysfunction. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:4889-4903. [PMID: 38462693 PMCID: PMC10968683 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Anthracycline chemotherapeutics like doxorubicin (DOX) are widely used against various cancers but are accompanied by severe cardiotoxic effects that can lead to heart failure. Through whole transcriptome sequencing and pathological tissue analysis in a murine model, our study has revealed that DOX impairs collagen expression in the early phase, causing extracellular matrix anomalies that weaken the mechanical integrity of the heart. This results in ventricular wall thinning and dilation, exacerbating cardiac dysfunction. In this work, we have identified 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) as a potent inhibitor of gap junction communication. This inhibition is key to limiting the spread of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Treatment with 5-HTP effectively countered the adverse effects of DOX on the heart, preserving ventricular structure and ejection fraction. Moreover, 5-HTP enhanced mitochondrial respiratory function, as shown by the O2k mitochondrial function assay, by improving mitochondrial complex activity and ATP production. Importantly, the cardioprotective benefits of 5-HTP did not interfere with DOX's ability to combat cancer. These findings shed light on the cardiotoxic mechanisms of DOX and suggest that 5-HTP could be a viable strategy to prevent heart damage during chemotherapy, offering a foundation for future clinical development. This research opens the door for 5-HTP to be considered a dual-purpose agent that can protect the heart without compromising the oncological efficacy of anthracycline chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshe Sun
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qi Lu
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Dongming Xing
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
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4
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Inguscio CR, Cisterna B, Carton F, Barberis E, Manfredi M, Malatesta M. Modifications of Blood Molecular Components after Treatment with Low Ozone Concentrations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17175. [PMID: 38139004 PMCID: PMC10742958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The ex vivo treatment of a limited volume of blood with gaseous oxygen-ozone (O2-O3) mixtures and its rapid reinfusion into the patient is a widespread medical procedure. O3 instantly reacts with the blood's antioxidant systems, disappearing before reinfusion, although the molecules formed act as messengers in the organism, inducing multiple antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses. An appropriate dose of O3 is obviously essential to ensure both safety and therapeutic efficacy, and in recent years, the low-dose O3 concept has led to a significant reduction in the administered O3 concentrations. However, the molecular events triggered by such low concentrations in the blood still need to be fully elucidated. In this basic study, we analysed the molecular modifications induced ex vivo in sheep blood by 5 and 10 µg O3/mL O2 by means of a powerful metabolomics analysis in association with haemogas, light microscopy and bioanalytical assays. This combined approach revealed increased oxygenation and an increased antioxidant capacity in the O3-treated blood, which accorded with the literature. Moreover, original information was obtained on the impact of these low O3 concentrations on the metabolic pathways of amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleotides, with the modified metabolites being mostly involved in the preservation of the oxidant-antioxidant balance and in energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Rita Inguscio
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (C.R.I.); (B.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Barbara Cisterna
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (C.R.I.); (B.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Flavia Carton
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (C.R.I.); (B.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Elettra Barberis
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy;
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100 Novara, Italy;
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Manuela Malatesta
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (C.R.I.); (B.C.); (F.C.)
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5
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Stolarek P, Bernat P, Różalski A. Combined Application of Aminoglycosides and Ascorbic Acid in the Elimination of Proteus mirabilis Rods Responsible for Causing Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTIs)-A Molecular Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13069. [PMID: 36361855 PMCID: PMC9659235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis is a common cause of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). In this study, we verified the effectiveness of amikacin or gentamicin and ascorbic acid (AA) co-therapy in eliminating uropathogenic cells, as well as searched for the molecular basis of AA activity by applying chromatographic and fluorescent techniques. Under simulated physiological conditions, a combined activity of the antibiotic and AA supported the growth (threefold) of the P. mirabilis C12 strain, but reduced catheter colonization (≤30%) in comparison to the drug monotherapy. Slight modifications in the phospholipid and fatty acid profiles, as well as limited (≤62%) 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein fluorescence, corresponding to the hydroxyl radical level, allowed for the exclusion of the hypothesis that the anti-biofilm effect of AA was related to membrane perturbations of the C12 strain. However, the reduced (≤20%) fluorescence intensity of propidium iodide, as a result of a decrease in membrane permeability, may be evidence of P. mirabilis cell defense against AA activity. Quantitative analyses of ascorbic acid over time with a simultaneous measurement of the pH values proved that AA can be an effective urine acidifier, provided that it is devoid of the presence of urease-positive cells. Therefore, it could be useful in a prevention of recurrent CAUTIs, rather than in their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Stolarek
- Department of Biology of Bacteria, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Przemysław Bernat
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Antoni Różalski
- Department of Biology of Bacteria, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
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Changes in Locomotor Activity and Oxidative Stress-Related Factors after the Administration of an Amino Acid Mixture by Generation and Age. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189822. [PMID: 34575986 PMCID: PMC8466552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acids, as nutrients, are expected to improve sleep disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the generation- and age-dependent sleep-improving effects of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) coadministration. The differentially expressed genes and generation-related behavior after the administration of a GABA/5-HTP mixture were measured in a Drosophila model, while age-related changes in gene expression and oxidative stress-related parameters were measured in a mouse model. The GABA/5-HTP-treated group showed significant behavioral changes compared to the other groups. Sequencing revealed that the GABA/5-HTP mixture influenced changes in nervous system-related genes, including those involved in the regulation of the expression of behavioral and synaptic genes. Additionally, total sleep time increased with age, and nighttime sleep time in the first- and third-generation flies was significantly different from that of the control groups. The GABA/5-HTP mixture induced significant changes in the expression of sleep-related receptors in both models. Furthermore, the GABA/5-HTP mixture reduced levels of ROS and ROS reaction products in an age-dependent manner. Therefore, the increase in behavioral changes caused by GABA/5-HTP mixture administration was effective in eliminating ROS activity across generations and ages.
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7
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Baudhuin H, Cousaert J, Vanwolleghem P, Raes G, Caveliers V, Keyaerts M, Lahoutte T, Xavier C. 68Ga-Labeling: Laying the Foundation for an Anti-Radiolytic Formulation for NOTA-sdAb PET Tracers. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050448. [PMID: 34068666 PMCID: PMC8151064 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
During the preparation of [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-sdAb at high activity, degradation of the tracers was observed, impacting the radiochemical purity (RCP). Increasing starting activities in radiolabelings is often paired with increased degradation of the tracer due to the formation of free radical species, a process known as radiolysis. Radical scavengers and antioxidants can act as radioprotectant due to their fast interaction with formed radicals and can therefore reduce the degree of radiolysis. This study aims to optimize a formulation to prevent radiolysis during the labeling of NOTA derivatized single domain antibody (sdAbs) with 68Ga. Gentisic acid, ascorbic acid, ethanol and polyvinylpyrrolidone were tested individually or in combination to find an optimal mix able to prevent radiolysis without adversely influencing the radiochemical purity (RCP) or the functionality of the tracer. RCP and degree of radiolysis were assessed via thin layer chromatography and size exclusion chromatography for up to three hours after radiolabeling. Individually, the radioprotectants showed insufficient efficacy in reducing radiolysis when using high activities of 68Ga, while being limited in amount due to negative impact on radiolabeling of the tracer. A combination of 20% ethanol (VEtOH/VBuffer%) and 5 mg ascorbic acid proved successful in preventing radiolysis during labeling with starting activities up to 1-1.2 GBq of 68Ga, and is able to keep the tracer stable for up to at least 3 h after labeling at room temperature. The prevention of radiolysis by the combination of ethanol and ascorbic acid potentially allows radiolabeling compatibility of NOTA-sdAbs with all currently available 68Ge/68Ga generators. Additionally, a design is proposed to allow the incorporation of the radioprotectant in an ongoing diagnostic kit development for 68Ga labeling of NOTA-sdAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Baudhuin
- Department of Medical Imaging (MIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (P.V.); (V.C.); (M.K.); (T.L.); (C.X.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-2-477-4991
| | - Julie Cousaert
- Nuclear Medicine Department (NUCG), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Philippe Vanwolleghem
- Department of Medical Imaging (MIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (P.V.); (V.C.); (M.K.); (T.L.); (C.X.)
| | - Geert Raes
- Unit of Cellular and Molecular Immunology (CMIM), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory (MCI), VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vicky Caveliers
- Department of Medical Imaging (MIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (P.V.); (V.C.); (M.K.); (T.L.); (C.X.)
- Nuclear Medicine Department (NUCG), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Marleen Keyaerts
- Department of Medical Imaging (MIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (P.V.); (V.C.); (M.K.); (T.L.); (C.X.)
- Nuclear Medicine Department (NUCG), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Tony Lahoutte
- Department of Medical Imaging (MIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (P.V.); (V.C.); (M.K.); (T.L.); (C.X.)
- Nuclear Medicine Department (NUCG), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Catarina Xavier
- Department of Medical Imaging (MIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (P.V.); (V.C.); (M.K.); (T.L.); (C.X.)
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8
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Maffei ME. 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP): Natural Occurrence, Analysis, Biosynthesis, Biotechnology, Physiology and Toxicology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E181. [PMID: 33375373 PMCID: PMC7796270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
L-5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) is both a drug and a natural component of some dietary supplements. 5-HTP is produced from tryptophan by tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), which is present in two isoforms (TPH1 and TPH2). Decarboxylation of 5-HTP yields serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) that is further transformed to melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine). 5-HTP plays a major role both in neurologic and metabolic diseases and its synthesis from tryptophan represents the limiting step in serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis. In this review, after an look at the main natural sources of 5-HTP, the chemical analysis and synthesis, biosynthesis and microbial production of 5-HTP by molecular engineering will be described. The physiological effects of 5-HTP are discussed in both animal studies and human clinical trials. The physiological role of 5-HTP in the treatment of depression, anxiety, panic, sleep disorders, obesity, myoclonus and serotonin syndrome are also discussed. 5-HTP toxicity and the occurrence of toxic impurities present in tryptophan and 5-HTP preparations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo E Maffei
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
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9
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Kennaway DJ. Melatonin rich foods in our diet: food for thought or wishful thinking? Food Funct 2020; 11:9359-9369. [PMID: 33170194 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02563a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin continues to generate interest in the scientific community and the general public. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the possibility that melatonin present in human foods may have physiological effects. This has led to the promotion of "melatonin-rich" foods and "phyto-melatonin". The night time secretion of endogenous melatonin from the pineal gland provides a daily circadian signal which is detected by receptors in various tissues. In animals the changing circadian pattern of melatonin secretion across seasons is important to them to program their reproductive behaviours to ensure optimal reproductive success, while in humans it probably plays a prominent role in anchoring sleep to the night period. When melatonin is administered in non-physiological, milligram amounts to humans, the onset of sleep can be manipulated and in larger doses anti-oxidant properties may emerge. Melatonin-rich foods are considered in this context too, but the question remains whether the amounts of melatonin in the food can be expected to be high enough to realistically change sleep or have antioxidant properties. In this review, papers reporting the effects of ingestion of melatonin-rich food on plasma or saliva melatonin or its urinary metabolite are critically evaluated. Unfortunately many of the papers are compromised by poor experimental design and assay methodologies and uncritical evaluation of results. The conclusion drawn from this review is that it is wishful thinking to expect that the amount of melatonin in "melatonin-rich" foods will impact on sleep or have any other physiological impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Kennaway
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide Health and Medical Science Building, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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10
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Yao Y, An C, Evans D, Liu W, Wang W, Wei G, Ding N, Houk KN, Gao SS. Catalase Involved in Oxidative Cyclization of the Tetracyclic Ergoline of Fungal Ergot Alkaloids. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17517-17521. [PMID: 31621316 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A dedicated enzyme for the formation of the central C ring in the tetracyclic ergoline of clinically important ergot alkaloids has never been found. Herein, we report a dual role catalase (EasC), unexpectedly using O2 as the oxidant, that catalyzes the oxidative cyclization of the central C ring from a 1,3-diene intermediate. Our study showcases how nature evolves the common catalase for enantioselective C-C bond construction of complex polycyclic scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources , Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , P. R. China
| | - Chunyan An
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources , Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , P. R. China
| | - Declan Evans
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles California 90095 , United States
| | - Weiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources , Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources , Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Guangzheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources , Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Ning Ding
- School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , P. R. China
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles California 90095 , United States
| | - Shu-Shan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources , Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , P. R. China
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11
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Sudhamani H, Syam Prasad G, Venkataramaiah C, Raju CN, Rajendra W. In silico and in vitro antioxidant activity profiles of urea and thiourea derivatives of 5-hydroxytryptophan. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2019; 39:373-381. [DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2019.1683864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hasti Sudhamani
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
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12
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Nobushi Y, Asamoto H, Uchikura K. [A Method Based on Ru(bpy) 3 3+ Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence for Assessment of Antioxidant Property of Naturally Occurring Antioxidants]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2019; 139:309-315. [PMID: 30713243 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.18-00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We developed a flow injection analysis (FIA) method based on tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(III) [Ru(bpy)3 3+] electrogenerated chemiluminescence for assessment of antioxidant property. The hydroxyl radical (∙OH) were generated by H2O photolysis using an ultraviolet/H2O photoreactor. The reactor comprised a polytetrafluoroethylene tube, a quartz container, and a low-pressure mercury lamp that predominantly emitted radiation at around 185 nm. When the hydroxyl radical and Ru(bpy)3 3+ were in contact, chemiluminescence was generated as background emission. The background emission decreased when antioxidant samples were injected to the system. The antioxidant property of the naturally occurring antioxidants tested are listed herein, starting with the highest: gallic acid>ascorbic acid>quercetin. Moreover, our method allowed a sample throughput of approximately 100 samples/h. The proposed high throughput method can be used to assess the antioxidant property of the naturally occurring antioxidants.
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13
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Kayacan Y, Yazar H, Cerit G, Ghojebeigloo BE. A new oxidative stress indicator: Effect of 5-hydroxytryptophan on thiol-disulfide homeostasis in exercise. Nutrition 2019; 63-64:114-119. [PMID: 30939385 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between exercise and both 5-hydroxytryptophan and oxidative stress using thiol-disulfide homeostasis via what is likely a novel biomarker. METHODS Male albino Wistar rats (n = 32) were randomly divided into four groups as follows: control, exercise group, 5-hydroxytryptophan group (5H), and 5-HTP + exercise group (5Hex). Exercise and 5-HTP administration (25mg/kg per d) were performed 5d/wk for 10 wk. After completion of the experimental protocol, to determine oxidative stress parameters, serum total thiol and native thiol concentrations were measured. Dynamic disulfide status, reduced thiol, oxidized thiol (OT), and thiol oxidation reduction percentage ratios were compared between the groups. The methods used in the present study to measure dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis as calorimetric and duplex quantities were developed in 2014. These new methods are simple, reliable, and sensitive, with both high linearity and repeatability. RESULTS Compared with the control group, serum dynamic disulfide levels were significantly lower in the 5H group and highest in the control group. The lowest OT and the highest reduced thiol rates were determined to be in the 5H group. The highest OT value was found in the 5Hex group. Thiol oxidation reduction values were found to be highest in the 5H group and lowest in the 5Hex group. CONCLUSIONS Both 5-HTP and moderate exercise seem to be significantly effective in inhibiting oxidative damage. In addition, the new oxidative stress measurement method used in this study is a promising practical and useful method to evaluate and improve the performance of athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yildirim Kayacan
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Yasar Dogu Sports Sciences, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Hayrullah Yazar
- Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Günay Cerit
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Yasar Dogu Sports Sciences, Samsun, Turkey
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14
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Biondi R, Brancorsini S, Poli G, Egidi MG, Capodicasa E, Bottiglieri L, Gerli S, Brillo E, Renzo GCD, Cretoiu D, Micu R, Suciu N. Detection and scavenging of hydroxyl radical via D-phenylalanine hydroxylation in human fluids. Talanta 2017; 181:172-181. [PMID: 29426497 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyl radical (.OH) is highly reactive, and therefore very short-lived. Finding new means to accurately detect .OH, and testing the ability of known .OH scavengers to neutralize them in human biological fluids would leverage our ability to more effectively counter oxidative (.OH) stress-mediated damage in human diseases. To achieve this, we pursued the evaluation of secondary products resulting from .OH attack, using a detection system based on Fenton reaction-mediated D-phenylalanine (D-Phe) hydroxylation. This reaction in turn generates o-tyrosine (o-tyr), m-tyrosine (m-tyr) and p-tyrosine (p-tyr). Here, these isomers were separated by HPLC, equipped with fluorescence detectors due to the natural fluorescence of these hydrotyrosines. By extension, we found that, adding radical scavengers competed with D-Phe on .OH attack, thus allowing to determine the .OH quenching capacity of a given compound expressed as inhibition ratio percent (IR%). Using a kinetic approach, we then tested the .OH scavenging capacity (OHSC) of well-known antioxidant molecules. In a test tube, N,N'-dimethylthiourea (DMTU) was the most efficient scavenger as compared to Trolox and N-Acethyl-L-cysteine, with NAC being the less effective. OHSC assay was then applied to biological fluid samples as seminal plasma, human serum from normal subjects and patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD), colostrum and human breast milk from mothers that received daily doses of 30g of chocolate (70% cocoa) during pregnancy. We found that a daily administration of dark chocolate during pregnancy almost doubled OHSC levels in breast milk (1.88 ± 0.12 times, p < 0.01). Furthermore, HD treatment determined a significant reduction of serum OHSC concentration (54.63 ± 2.82%, p < 0.001). Our results provide evidence that Fenton reaction-mediated D-Phe hydroxylation is a suitable method for routine and non-invasive evaluation of .OH detection and its scavenging in human biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giulia Poli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy.
| | - Maria Giulia Egidi
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Institut of Urological, Andrological Surgery and Minimally Invasive Techniques, University of Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | - Sandro Gerli
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Brillo
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Dragos Cretoiu
- INSMC "Alessandrescu Rusescu", Bucharest, Romania; Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Romeo Micu
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Nicolae Suciu
- INSMC "Alessandrescu Rusescu", Bucharest, Romania; Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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15
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Dontsov AE, Vospelnikova ND, Zack PP, Ostrovsky MA. Antiglycation activity of melatonin. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2017; 475:283-286. [PMID: 28864898 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672917040111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, it was found that the hormone melatonin exhibited antiglycation activity in vitro. It was shown that melatonin significantly slowed down the accumulation of fluorescent Schiff adducts formed as a result of BSA modification in the presence of high concentration of fructose. It was noted that, unlike the fructosylation reaction, melatonin did not affect the process of modification of BSA by methylglyoxal. We assume that melatonin is able to inhibit the development of the Maillard reaction but does not affect the process of BSA modification by reactive carbonyls.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Dontsov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
| | - N D Vospelnikova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - P P Zack
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - M A Ostrovsky
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
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16
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Phenolic Melatonin-Related Compounds: Their Role as Chemical Protectors against Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111442. [PMID: 27801875 PMCID: PMC6274579 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently no doubt about the serious threat that oxidative stress (OS) poses to human health. Therefore, a crucial strategy to maintain a good health status is to identify molecules capable of offering protection against OS through chemical routes. Based on the known efficiency of the phenolic and melatonin (MLT) families of compounds as antioxidants, it is logical to assume that phenolic MLT-related compounds should be (at least) equally efficient. Unfortunately, they have been less investigated than phenols, MLT and its non-phenolic metabolites in this context. The evidence reviewed here strongly suggests that MLT phenolic derivatives can act as both primary and secondary antioxidants, exerting their protection through diverse chemical routes. They all seem to be better free radical scavengers than MLT and Trolox, while some of them also surpass ascorbic acid and resveratrol. However, there are still many aspects that deserve further investigations for this kind of compounds.
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17
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Grewal P, Mallaney M, Lau K, Sreedhara A. Screening Methods to Identify Indole Derivatives That Protect against Reactive Oxygen Species Induced Tryptophan Oxidation in Proteins. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:1259-72. [DOI: 10.1021/mp4007375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Parbir Grewal
- Late Stage Pharmaceutical
Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Mary Mallaney
- Late Stage Pharmaceutical
Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kimberly Lau
- Late Stage Pharmaceutical
Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Alavattam Sreedhara
- Late Stage Pharmaceutical
Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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18
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Sitta A, Ribas GS, Mescka CP, Barschak AG, Wajner M, Vargas CR. Neurological damage in MSUD: the role of oxidative stress. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 34:157-65. [PMID: 24220995 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-013-0002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is a metabolic disease caused by a deficiency in the branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex, leading to the accumulation of branched-chain keto acids and their corresponding branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) in patients. Treatment involves protein-restricted diet and the supplementation with a specific formula containing essential amino acids (except BCAA) and micronutrients, in order to avoid the appearance of neurological symptoms. Although the accumulation of toxic metabolites is associated to appearance of symptoms, the mechanisms underlying the brain damage in MSUD remain unclear, and new evidence has emerged indicating that oxidative stress contributes to this damage. In this context, this review addresses some of the recent findings obtained from cells lines, animal studies, and from patients indicating that oxidative stress is an important determinant of the pathophysiology of MSUD. Recent works have shown that the metabolites accumulated in the disease induce morphological alterations in C6 glioma cells through nitrogen reactive species generation. In addition, several works demonstrated that the levels of important antioxidants decrease in animal models and also in MSUD patients (what have been attributed to protein-restricted diets). Also, markers of lipid, protein, and DNA oxidative damage have been reported in MSUD, probably secondary to the high production of free radicals. Considering these findings, it is well-established that oxidative stress contributes to brain damage in MSUD, and this review offers new perspectives for the prevention of the neurological damage in MSUD, which may include the use of appropriate antioxidants as a novel adjuvant therapy for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Sitta
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-903, Brazil,
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Flavonoids and 5-aminosalicylic acid inhibit the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:710239. [PMID: 24381411 PMCID: PMC3871909 DOI: 10.1155/2013/710239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been suggested to play a pathophysiological role in several autoimmune diseases. Since NET-formation in response to several biological and chemical stimuli is mostly ROS dependent, in theory any substance that inhibits or scavenges ROS could prevent ROS-dependent NET release. Therefore, in the present comprehensive study, several antioxidative substances were assessed for their capacity to inhibit NET formation of primary human neutrophils in vitro. We could show that the flavonoids (-)-epicatechin, (+)-catechin hydrate, and rutin trihydrate as well as vitamin C and the pharmacological substances N-acetyl-L-cysteine and 5-aminosalicylic acid inhibited PMA induced ROS production and NET formation. Therefore, a broad spectrum of antioxidative substances that reduce ROS production of primary human neutrophils also inhibits ROS-dependent NET formation. It is tempting to speculate that such antioxidants can have beneficial therapeutic effects in diseases associated with ROS-dependent NET formation.
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Hoseini SM, Hosseini SA, Soudagar M. Dietary tryptophan changes serum stress markers, enzyme activity, and ions concentration of wild common carp Cyprinus carpio exposed to ambient copper. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2012; 38:1419-1426. [PMID: 22415861 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-012-9629-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Effect of dietary tryptophan (TRP) on copper toxicity was investigated in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Fish were randomly distributed into two triplicate treatments (control and TRP) and fed control (TRP = 3.1 g kg(-1)) or TRP (TRP = 8.1 g kg(-1)) diets over a 2-week period. Then, both treatments were subjected to 10 mg l(-1) copper sulfate over a 7-day period. Mortality and serum cortisol, glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), sodium, potassium, and chloride levels were recorded at 0, 24, 72, 120, and 168 h post-copper exposure. There was no mortality in the TRP group, whereas the control group mortality was started at 120 h post-copper exposure (21.7 ± 7.6 %) and reached 61.7 ± 10.4 % at the end of the experiment. Cortisol, glucose, ALT, and AST levels significantly (P < 0.05) increased after copper exposure in both groups; however, the control group showed significantly higher levels than the TRP group. In both groups, sodium decreased after copper exposure and did not return to the pre-exposure values. Potassium levels significantly increased 24 h post-copper exposure in both groups and remained significantly elevated in the control group at 72 h, when fell to the pre-exposure values in the TRP group. No significant changes were observed in the chloride levels in any groups. It is concluded that dietary TRP is capable to increase common carp tolerance to copper toxicity via mitigating copper-induced stress rather than restoring gill dysfunction and hydromineral imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Morteza Hoseini
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
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21
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The antioxidant behaviour of melatonin and structural analogues during lipid peroxidation depends not only on their functional groups but also on the assay system. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 423:873-7. [PMID: 22713457 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
There is no general agreement yet on the antioxidant effect of pineal indoles against lipid peroxidation. Accordingly, the main goal of the present work was to study the antioxidant activity of melatonin (MLT), N-acetylserotonin (NAS), 5-HO-tryptophan (5HO-TRP) and 5-methoxytryptamine (5MTP) in two different lipid systems with high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs): triglycerides (rich in 20:5 n-3, 22:6 n-3) dissolved in chloroform and sonicated liposomes made of retinal lipids (rich in 22:6 n-3). In the triglyceride-chloroform-system the peroxidation reaction was initiated by cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) whereas liposomes were peroxidized with Fe(2+). The techniques employed at the present work were: (1) TBARS production, (2) DPPH assay, (3) determination of conjugated dienes production and (4) analysis of fatty acid profile by GC-MS. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) was employed as a reference because of its well known antioxidant capacity. Our results showed that MLT and 5MTP were unable to protect PUFAs against lipid peroxidation in both systems, whereas NAS and 5HO-TRP were better antioxidants that BHT in the triglyceride-system but ineffective in the liposome-system. We conclude that the antioxidant behaviour of pineal indoles depends not only on their functional groups but also on the assay system and could be explained by the polar paradox theory.
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Abstract
Molecular hydrogen (dihydrogen, H(2)) acts as a therapeutic antioxidant by selectively reducing hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-). It has been well-known that ionising radiation (IR) causes oxidative damage and consequent apoptosis mainly due to the production of •OH that follows radiolysis of H(2)O. Our department reported the protective effect of H(2) in irradiated cells and mice for the first time, and this effect is well repeated by us and another laboratory in different experimental animal models. A randomised, placebo-controlled investigation also showed consumption of H(2) can improve the quality of life of patients treated with radiotherapy for liver tumours. These encouraging results suggested that H(2) has a potential as a radioprotective agent with efficacy and non-toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhai Chuai
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Harasimowicz J, Marques KL, Silva AF, Costa RC, Prior JA, Rodrigues SSM, Santos JL. Chemiluminometric evaluation of melatonin and selected melatonin precursors’ interaction with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Anal Biochem 2012; 420:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Effects of Tryptophan and 5-Hydroxytryptophan on the Hepatic Cell Membrane Rigidity Due to Oxidative Stress. J Membr Biol 2009; 231:93-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-009-9208-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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25
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Barschak AG, Sitta A, Deon M, Busanello ENB, Coelho DM, Cipriani F, Dutra-Filho CS, Giugliani R, Wajner M, Vargas CR. Amino acids levels and lipid peroxidation in maple syrup urine disease patients. Clin Biochem 2008; 42:462-6. [PMID: 19121297 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2008.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2008] [Revised: 11/26/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the present study we correlated the amino acids, branched-chain alpha-keto acids and alpha-hydroxy acids levels with the thiobarbituric acid-reactive species (TBARS) measurement, a lipid peroxidation parameter, in plasma from treated MSUD patients in order to examine whether these accumulated metabolites could be associated to the oxidative stress present in MSUD. DESIGN AND METHODS TBARS, amino acids, branched-chain alpha-keto acids and alpha-hydroxy acids concentrations were measured in plasma samples from treated MSUD patients. RESULTS We verified that plasma TBARS was increased, whereas tryptophan and methionine concentrations were significantly reduced. Furthermore TBARS measurement was inversely correlated to methionine and tryptophan levels. CONCLUSIONS Considering that methionine and tryptophan have antioxidant activities, the data suggest that the imbalance of these amino acids may be involved with lipid peroxidation in MSUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alethéa G Barschak
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Chaudhry AM, Marsh-Rollo SE, Aksenov V, Rollo CD, Szechtman H. Modifier Selection by Transgenes: The Case of Growth Hormone Transgenesis and Hyperactive Circling Mice. Evol Biol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-008-9036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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27
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Trends in the development of radioprotective agents. Drug Discov Today 2007; 12:794-805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2007.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Revised: 07/15/2007] [Accepted: 07/18/2007] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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28
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Fagali N, Catalá A. The effect of melatonin and structural analogues on the lipid peroxidation of triglycerides enriched in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Life Sci 2007; 81:299-305. [PMID: 17603083 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2006] [Revised: 04/24/2007] [Accepted: 05/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The lipid peroxidation of triglycerides enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids was investigated by photoemission techniques and the TBARS assay. Butylated hydroxytoluene, 5-OH-tryptophan and N-acetylserotonin inhibited light emission and TBARS formation in a concentration dependent manner. However, it was enhanced in the presence of melatonin and 5-methoxytryptamine and was dependent on its concentration. The total relative luminic units were found to be lower in those systems incubated in the presence of butylated hydroxytoluene, N-acetylserotonin or 5-OH-tryptophan; this decreased proportionally to the concentration of the compound tested. The order of inhibition was 5-OH-tryptophan>N-acetylserotonin>butylated hydroxytoluene with the following IC50 values: 0.65, 6.5 and 9.0 mM respectively. The free-radical scavenging activity of the indole derivatives was also analyzed by the DPPH method, and the results indicate that 5-OH-tryptophan, and N-acetylserotonin exhibited a dose-dependent free-radical scavenging ability at all of the tested concentrations. Thus, at 10 microM concentration a decrease of 84.71% and 73.50% of initial DPPH was observed, compared to 51.00% of BHT. Melatonin and 5-methoxytriptamine decreased the initial concentration of DPPH only 1.85% and 5.0%, respectively. The possible formation of N(1)-acetyl-N(2) formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AFMK) during lipid peroxidation of triglycerides enriched in PUFAs with cumene hydroperoxide in the presence of melatonin was also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Fagali
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, (1900) La Plata, Argentina
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Derlacz RA, Sliwinska M, Piekutowska A, Winiarska K, Drozak J, Bryla J. Melatonin is more effective than taurine and 5-hydroxytryptophan against hyperglycemia-induced kidney-cortex tubules injury. J Pineal Res 2007; 42:203-9. [PMID: 17286753 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2006.00405.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidative effects of melatonin (Mel), 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and taurine (TAU) on hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress was investigated in primary cultures of kidney-cortex tubule cells grown in metabolically and hormonally defined medium. In the presence of 30 mm glucose (hyperglycemic conditions), cell viability was decreased by about 35% in comparison with that estimated in the glucose-depleted medium probably as a result of induction of apoptosis, as concluded from: (i) chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation assays, (ii) a significant enhancement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, (iii) 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) generation, (iv) an increased protein peroxidation and (v) a decline of reduced glutathione (GSH) levels leading to a disturbed glutathione redox state. The addition of 100 microm Mel to the hyperglycemic medium resulted in a twofold decrease in both 8-OHdG accumulation and protein peroxidation as well as restoration of the control intracellular ROS levels accompanied by a substantial increase in GSH/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio due to a decline in GSSG content. ROS elimination was also achieved in the presence of 1 mm TAU which diminished protein and DNA injuries by about 25% and 30%, respectively. On the contrary, the action of 100 microm 5-HTP on ROS level, 8-OHdG generation, protein peroxidation and GSH/GSSG ratio was negligible. Thus, in contrast to 5-HTP and TAU, Mel might be considered as beneficial for diabetes therapy, particularly in terms of reduction of hyperglycemia-induced kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal A Derlacz
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Warsaw University, Warsaw, Poland
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Sukhotina I, Streckert JR, Bitz AK, Hansen VW, Lerchl A. 1800 MHz electromagnetic field effects on melatonin release from isolated pineal glands. J Pineal Res 2006; 40:86-91. [PMID: 16313503 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2005.00284.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Isolated pineal glands of Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) were continuously perifused by Krebs-Ringer buffer, stimulated with the beta-adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol to induce melatonin synthesis, and exposed for 7 hr to a 1800 MHz continuous wave (CW) or pulsed GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications)-modulated electromagnetic signal at specific absorption rate (SAR) rates of 8, 80, 800, and 2700 mW/kg. Experiments were performed in a blind fashion. Perifusate samples were collected every hour, and melatonin concentrations were measured by a specific radioimmunoassay. Both types of signal significantly enhanced melatonin release at 800 mW/kg SAR, while at 2700 mW/kg SAR, melatonin levels were elevated in the CW, but suppressed in the GSM-exposed pineal glands. As a temperature rise of approximately 1.2 degrees C was measured at 2700 mW/kg SAR, effects at this level are thermal. With regard to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, the data do not support the 'melatonin hypothesis,' according to which nonthermal exposure suppresses melatonin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Sukhotina
- School of Engineering and Science, International University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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