1
|
Zhang D, Jia X, Lin D, Ma J. Melatonin and ferroptosis: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115909. [PMID: 37931663 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a regulated form of cell death, is characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation leading to oxidative damage to cell membranes. Cell sensitivity to ferroptosis is influenced by factors such as iron overload, lipid metabolism, and the regulation of the antioxidant system. Melatonin, with its demonstrated capacity to chelate iron, modulate iron metabolism proteins, regulate lipid peroxidation, and regulate antioxidant systems, has promise as a potential therapeutic agent in mediating ferroptosis. The availability of approved drugs targeting ferroptosis is limited; therefore, melatonin is a candidate for broad application due to its safety and efficacy in attenuating ferroptosis in noncancerous diseases. Melatonin has been demonstrated to attenuate ferroptosis in cellular and animal models of noncancerous diseases, showcasing effectiveness in organs such as the heart, brain, lung, liver, kidney, and bone. This review outlines the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis, investigates melatonin's potential effects on ferroptosis, and discusses melatonin's therapeutic potential as a promising intervention against diseases associated with ferroptosis. Through this discourse, we aim to lay a strong foundation for developing melatonin as a therapeutic strategy to modulate ferroptosis in a variety of disease contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongni Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaotong Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Duomao Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang S, Chen K, Wang Y, Wang Z, Li Z, Guo J, Chen J, Liu W, Guo X, Yan G, Liang C, Yu H, Fang S, Yu B. Cardiac-targeted delivery of nuclear receptor RORα via ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction optimizes the benefits of regular dose of melatonin on sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. Biomater Res 2023; 27:41. [PMID: 37147703 PMCID: PMC10163781 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00377-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large-dose melatonin treatment in animal experiments was hardly translated into humans, which may explain the dilemma that the protective effects against myocardial injury in animal have been challenged by clinical trials. Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) has been considered a promising drug and gene delivery system to the target tissue. We aim to investigate whether cardiac gene delivery of melatonin receptor mediated by UTMD technology optimizes the efficacy of clinically equivalent dose of melatonin in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. METHODS Melatonin and cardiac melatonin receptors in patients and rat models with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis were assessed. Rats received UTMD-mediated cardiac delivery of RORα/cationic microbubbles (CMBs) at 1, 3 and 5 days before CLP surgery. Echocardiography, histopathology and oxylipin metabolomics were assessed at 16-20 h after inducing fatal sepsis. RESULTS We observed that patients with sepsis have lower serum melatonin than healthy controls, which was observed in the blood and hearts of Sprague-Dawley rat models with LPS- or CLP-induced sepsis. Notably, a mild dose (2.5 mg/kg) of intravenous melatonin did not substantially improve septic cardiomyopathy. We found decreased nuclear receptors RORα, not melatonin receptors MT1/2, under lethal sepsis that may weaken the potential benefits of a mild dose of melatonin treatment. In vivo, repeated UTMD-mediated cardiac delivery of RORα/CMBs exhibited favorable biosafety, efficiency and specificity, significantly strengthening the effects of a safe dose of melatonin on heart dysfunction and myocardial injury in septic rats. The cardiac delivery of RORα by UTMD technology and melatonin treatment improved mitochondrial dysfunction and oxylipin profiles, although there was no significant influence on systemic inflammation. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide new insights to explain the suboptimal effect of melatonin use in clinic and potential solutions to overcome the challenges. UTMD technology may be a promisingly interdisciplinary pattern against sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanjie Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease, Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Kegong Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Ye Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease, Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Zeng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease, Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Zhaoying Li
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease, Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - JunChen Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease, Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Guangcan Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Chenchen Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease, Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Huai Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease, Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Shaohong Fang
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease, Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Bo Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease, Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Potes Y, Cachán-Vega C, Antuña E, García-González C, Menéndez-Coto N, Boga JA, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez J, Bermúdez M, Sierra V, Vega-Naredo I, Coto-Montes A, Caballero B. Benefits of the Neurogenic Potential of Melatonin for Treating Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054803. [PMID: 36902233 PMCID: PMC10002978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There are several neurological diseases under which processes related to adult brain neurogenesis, such cell proliferation, neural differentiation and neuronal maturation, are affected. Melatonin can exert a relevant benefit for treating neurological disorders, given its well-known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties as well as its pro-survival effects. In addition, melatonin is able to modulate cell proliferation and neural differentiation processes in neural stem/progenitor cells while improving neuronal maturation of neural precursor cells and newly created postmitotic neurons. Thus, melatonin shows relevant pro-neurogenic properties that may have benefits for neurological conditions associated with impairments in adult brain neurogenesis. For instance, the anti-aging properties of melatonin seem to be linked to its neurogenic properties. Modulation of neurogenesis by melatonin is beneficial under conditions of stress, anxiety and depression as well as for the ischemic brain or after a brain stroke. Pro-neurogenic actions of melatonin may also be beneficial for treating dementias, after a traumatic brain injury, and under conditions of epilepsy, schizophrenia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Melatonin may represent a pro-neurogenic treatment effective for retarding the progression of neuropathology associated with Down syndrome. Finally, more studies are necessary to elucidate the benefits of melatonin treatments under brain disorders related to impairments in glucose and insulin homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaiza Potes
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (B.C.); Tel.: +34-985102767 (Y.P.); +34-985102784 (B.C.)
| | - Cristina Cachán-Vega
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Eduardo Antuña
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Claudia García-González
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Nerea Menéndez-Coto
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Boga
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - José Gutiérrez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Manuel Bermúdez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Verónica Sierra
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ignacio Vega-Naredo
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ana Coto-Montes
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Beatriz Caballero
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (B.C.); Tel.: +34-985102767 (Y.P.); +34-985102784 (B.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Melatonin alleviates traumatic brain injury‑induced anxiety‑like behaviors in rats: Roles of the protein kinase A/cAMP‑response element binding signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:248. [PMID: 35261620 PMCID: PMC8855513 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland. Given its capabilities of neuroprotection and low neurotoxicity, melatonin could be a therapeutic strategy for traumatic brain injury (TBI). The present study was conducted to determine the neuroprotective effects of melatonin on TBI-induced anxiety and the possible molecular mechanism. Rats were randomly divided into seven groups. The rodent model of TBI was established using the weight-drop method. Melatonin was administered by intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 10 mg/kg after TBI. H89 (0.02 mg/kg), a special protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, or dibutyryl-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP; 0.1 mg/kg), an activator of PKA, were administered by stereotactic injection of the brain to evaluate the roles of PKA and cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) in melatonin-related mood regulation, respectively. At 30 days post-TBI, the changes in anxiety-like behaviors in rats were measured using the open field and elevated plus maze tests. At 24 h post-TBI, the number of activated astrocytes and neuronal apoptosis were evaluated using immunofluorescence assay. The expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) in the amygdala were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression levels of PKA, phosphorylated (p)-PKA, CREB, p-CREB, NF-κB and p-NF-κB in the amygdala were detected using western blotting. It was revealed that melatonin partially reversed TBI-induced anxiety-like behavior in rats, and decreased the number of activated astrocytes and neuronal apoptosis in the amygdala induced by TBI. H89 partially blocked the neuroprotective effects of melatonin; while dibutyryl-cAMP not only reduced the H89-induced emotional disturbance but also enhanced the protective effects of melatonin against TBI. Overall, melatonin can alleviate TBI-induced anxiety-like behaviors in rats. Moreover, the underlying mechanism may be associated with the activation of the PKA/CREB signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
5
|
Pliss MG, Kuzmenko NV, Rubanova NS, Tsyrlin VA. Dose-Dependent Mechanisms of Melatonin on the Functioning of the Cardiovascular System and on the Behavior of Normotensive Rats of Different Ages. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057019030111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
6
|
Melatonin as a master regulator of cell death and inflammation: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications for newborn care. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:317. [PMID: 30962427 PMCID: PMC6453953 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1556-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, more commonly known as the sleep hormone, is mainly secreted by the pineal gland in dark conditions and regulates the circadian rhythm of the organism. Its intrinsic properties, including high cell permeability, the ability to easily cross both the blood–brain and placenta barriers, and its role as an endogenous reservoir of free radical scavengers (with indirect extra activities), confer it beneficial uses as an adjuvant in the biomedical field. Melatonin can exert its effects by acting through specific cellular receptors on the plasma membrane, similar to other hormones, or through receptor-independent mechanisms that involve complex molecular cross talk with other players. There is increasing evidence regarding the extraordinary beneficial effects of melatonin, also via exogenous administration. Here, we summarize molecular pathways in which melatonin is considered a master regulator, with attention to cell death and inflammation mechanisms from basic, translational and clinical points of view in the context of newborn care.
Collapse
|
7
|
PK-PD based optimal dose and time for orally administered supra-pharmacological dose of melatonin to prevent radiation induced mortality in mice. Life Sci 2019; 219:31-39. [PMID: 30625289 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The study reports preclinical pharmacokinetics (PK) and correlation with pharmacological effect at suprapharmacological dose of orally administered melatonin along with time and dose optimization, which have been lacking in earlier reports of radioprotection using melatonin. METHODS PK of melatonin in C57BL/6 mice was evaluated after dose of 250 mg/kg using HPLC. Tissue distribution study was conducted in vital organs following oral administration. Plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was determined by ABTS+ radical assay and was correlated to plasma concentrations of melatonin. Using the outcomes of PK and Pharmacodynamics (PD), survival study was conducted for optimization of 'drug radiation gap period' (DRGP). Optimal oral dose for radioprotection was determined using survival as an end point. KEY FINDINGS PK analysis of melatonin revealed Tmax at 5 min with closely spaced another distinct concentration peak at 20 min. Plasma TAC of melatonin showed similar peaks at 5 min and 45 min, with the highest TAC at 45 min. Survival following a lethal (9 Gy) radiation dose was 20% and 40% after 5 and 45 min of melatonin administration, respectively. DRGP for melatonin was thus 45 min, while optimal oral dose ranged from 125 to 250 mg/kg. PK parameters at 250 mg/kg dose were qualitatively similar to low dose of melatonin, thus preventing chances of unexpected toxicity. SIGNIFICANCE Survival enhancement at 45 min suggested as probable interval required as 'DRGP'. The optimum oral therapeutic window appears large with no substantial toxicity. The outcomes will be useful in development of radioprotectors as well as other therapeutic applications.
Collapse
|
8
|
Prado NJ, Casarotto M, Calvo JP, Mazzei L, Ponce Zumino AZ, García IM, Cuello-Carrión FD, Fornés MW, Ferder L, Diez ER, Manucha W. Antiarrhythmic effect linked to melatonin cardiorenal protection involves AT 1 reduction and Hsp70-VDR increase. J Pineal Res 2018; 65:e12513. [PMID: 29851143 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lethal ventricular arrhythmias increase in patients with chronic kidney disease that suffer an acute coronary event. Chronic kidney disease induces myocardial remodeling, oxidative stress, and arrhythmogenesis. A manifestation of the relationship between kidney and heart is the concomitant reduction in vitamin D receptor (VDR) and the increase in angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1 ). Melatonin has renal and cardiac protective actions. One potential mechanism is the increase in the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70)-an antioxidant factor. We aim to determine the mechanisms involved in melatonin (Mel) prevention of kidney damage and arrhythmogenic heart remodeling. Unilateral ureteral-obstruction (UUO) and sham-operated rats were treated with either melatonin (4 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 15 days. Hearts and kidneys from obstructed rats showed a reduction in VDR and Hsp70. Associated with AT1 up-regulation in the kidneys and the heart of UUO rats also increased oxidative stress, fibrosis, apoptosis, mitochondrial edema, and dilated crests. Melatonin prevented these changes and ventricular fibrillation during reperfusion. The action potential lengthened and hyperpolarized in melatonin-treated rats throughout the experiment. We conclude that melatonin prevents renal damage and arrhythmogenic myocardial remodeling during unilateral ureteral obstruction due to a decrease in oxidative stress/fibrosis/apoptosis associated with AT1 reduction and Hsp70-VDR increase.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Actins/metabolism
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Fibrosis/metabolism
- HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics
- HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism
- In Situ Nick-End Labeling
- In Vitro Techniques
- Kidney/metabolism
- Male
- Melatonin/therapeutic use
- Microscopy, Electron
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Myocardium/metabolism
- NADPH Oxidases/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptors, Calcitriol/genetics
- Receptors, Calcitriol/metabolism
- Tachycardia, Ventricular/drug therapy
- Tachycardia, Ventricular/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Jorgelina Prado
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Mariana Casarotto
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Calvo
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Luciana Mazzei
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Amira Zulma Ponce Zumino
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Isabel Mercedes García
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Fernando Darío Cuello-Carrión
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Miguel Walter Fornés
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología "Dr. Mario H. Burgos" (IHEM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - León Ferder
- Department of Pediatrics, Nephrology Division, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Emiliano Raúl Diez
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Walter Manucha
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang L, Wang H. Autophagy in Traumatic Brain Injury: A New Target for Therapeutic Intervention. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:190. [PMID: 29922127 PMCID: PMC5996030 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most devastating forms of brain injury. Many pathological mechanisms such as oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation all contribute to the secondary brain damage and poor outcomes of TBI. Current therapies are often ineffective and poorly tolerated, which drive the explore of new therapeutic targets for TBI. Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular mechanism during evolution. It plays an important role in elimination abnormal intracellular proteins or organelles to maintain cell stability. Besides, autophagy has been researched in various models including TBI. Previous studies have deciphered that regulation of autophagy by different molecules and pathways could exhibit anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammation effects in TBI. Hence, autophagy is a promising target for further therapeutic development in TBI. The present review provides an overview of current knowledge about the mechanism of autophagy, the frequently used methods to monitor autophagy, the functions of autophagy in TBI as well as its potential molecular mechanisms based on the pharmacological regulation of autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Handong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sinha B, Wu Q, Li W, Tu Y, Sirianni AC, Chen Y, Jiang J, Zhang X, Chen W, Zhou S, Reiter RJ, Manning SM, Patel NJ, Aziz-Sultan AM, Inder TE, Friedlander RM, Fu J, Wang X. Protection of melatonin in experimental models of newborn hypoxic-ischemic brain injury through MT1 receptor. J Pineal Res 2018; 64. [PMID: 28796402 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The function of melatonin as a protective agent against newborn hypoxic-ischemic (H-I) brain injury is not yet well studied, and the mechanisms by which melatonin causes neuroprotection in neurological diseases are still evolving. This study was designed to investigate whether expression of MT1 receptors is reduced in newborn H-I brain injury and whether the protective action of melatonin is by alterations of the MT1 receptors. We demonstrated that there was significant reduction in MT1 receptors in ischemic brain of mouse pups in vivo following H-I brain injury and that melatonin offers neuroprotection through upregulation of MT1 receptors. The role of MT1 receptors was further supported by observation of increased mortality in MT1 knockout mice following H-I brain injury and the reversal of the inhibitory role of melatonin on mitochondrial cell death pathways by the melatonin receptor antagonist, luzindole. These data demonstrate that melatonin mediates its neuroprotective effect in mouse models of newborn H-I brain injury, at least in part, by the restoration of MT1 receptors, the inhibition of mitochondrial cell death pathways and the suppression of astrocytic and microglial activation.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Astrocytes/cytology
- Blotting, Western
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Genotype
- Hippocampus/cytology
- Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/drug therapy
- Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/metabolism
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Melatonin/therapeutic use
- Membrane Potentials/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Models, Theoretical
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/genetics
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bharati Sinha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qiaofeng Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanyang Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana C Sirianni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanchun Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jiying Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xinmu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuanhu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Simon M Manning
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nirav J Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ali M Aziz-Sultan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Terrie E Inder
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert M Friedlander
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jianfang Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- The Joslin Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Favero G, Franceschetti L, Bonomini F, Rodella LF, Rezzani R. Melatonin as an Anti-Inflammatory Agent Modulating Inflammasome Activation. Int J Endocrinol 2017; 2017:1835195. [PMID: 29104591 PMCID: PMC5643098 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1835195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation may be defined as the innate response to harmful stimuli such as pathogens, injury, and metabolic stress; its ultimate function is to restore the physiological homeostatic state. The exact aetiology leading to the development of inflammation is not known, but a combination of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors seems to play an important role in the pathogenesis of many inflammation-related clinical conditions. Recent studies suggest that the pathogenesis of different inflammatory diseases also involves the inflammasomes, intracellular multiprotein complexes that mediate activation of inflammatory caspases thereby inducing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Melatonin, an endogenous indoleamine, is considered an important multitasking molecule with fundamental clinical applications. It is involved in mood modulation, sexual behavior, vasomotor control, and immunomodulation and influences energy metabolism; moreover, it acts as an oncostatic and antiaging molecule. Melatonin is an important antioxidant and also a widespread anti-inflammatory molecule, modulating both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in different pathophysiological conditions. This review, first, gives an overview concerning the growing importance of melatonin in the inflammatory-mediated pathological conditions and, then, focuses on its roles and its protective effects against the activation of the inflammasomes and, in particular, of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Favero
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Franceschetti
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Bonomini
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Interdepartmental University Center of Research “Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs (ARTO)”, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luigi Fabrizio Rodella
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Interdepartmental University Center of Research “Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs (ARTO)”, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rita Rezzani
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Interdepartmental University Center of Research “Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs (ARTO)”, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lin C, Chao H, Li Z, Xu X, Liu Y, Hou L, Liu N, Ji J. Melatonin attenuates traumatic brain injury-induced inflammation: a possible role for mitophagy. J Pineal Res 2016; 61:177-86. [PMID: 27117839 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin functions as a crucial mediator of sterile neuroinflammation; however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Dysfunctional mitochondria, a main source of reactive oxygen species, are impacted in inflammation activation. This study aimed to examine the effect of melatonin on inflammation via elimination of damaged mitochondria after controlled cortical impact, an in vivo model of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Here, we demonstrated that inhibition of mitophagy, the selective degradation of damaged mitochondria by autophagy, markedly enhanced inflammation induced by TBI. Melatonin treatment activated mitophagy through the mTOR pathway, then to attenuate TBI-induced inflammation. Furthermore, treatment with melatonin significantly ameliorated neuronal death and behavioral deficits after TBI, while 3-methyladenine reversed this effect by inhibiting mitophagy. Taken together, these results highlight a role for melatonin in protecting against TBI-triggered immunopathology, which is accomplished by negatively regulating inflammation activation and IL-1β secretion via the autophagy of damaged mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honglu Chao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiupeng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinlong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijun Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dong Y, Fan C, Hu W, Jiang S, Ma Z, Yan X, Deng C, Di S, Xin Z, Wu G, Yang Y, Reiter RJ, Liang G. Melatonin attenuated early brain injury induced by subarachnoid hemorrhage via regulating NLRP3 inflammasome and apoptosis signaling. J Pineal Res 2016; 60:253-62. [PMID: 26639408 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating condition with high morbidity and mortality rates due to the lack of effective therapy. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation associated with the upregulation of apoptotic signaling pathway has been implicated in various inflammatory diseases including hemorrhagic insults. Melatonin is reported to possess substantial anti-inflammatory properties, which is beneficial for early brain injury (EBI) after SAH. However, the molecular mechanisms have not been clearly identified. This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of melatonin against EBI induced by SAH and to elucidate the potential mechanisms. The adult mice were subjected to SAH. Melatonin or vehicle was injected intraperitoneally 2 hr after SAH. Melatonin was neuroprotective, as shown by increased survival rate, as well as elevated neurological score, greater survival of neurons, preserved brain glutathione levels, and reduced brain edema, malondialdehyde concentrations, apoptotic ratio, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Melatonin also attenuated the expressions of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), cleaved caspase-1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6); these changes were also associated with an increase in the anti-apoptotic factor (Bcl2) and reduction in the pro-apoptotic factor (Bim). In summary, our results demonstrate that melatonin treatment attenuates the EBI following SAH by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-associated apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yushu Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Chongxi Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaolong Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shouyin Di
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenlong Xin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guiling Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Guobiao Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen J, Qian C, Duan H, Cao S, Yu X, Li J, Gu C, Yan F, Wang L, Chen G. Melatonin attenuates neurogenic pulmonary edema via the regulation of inflammation and apoptosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. J Pineal Res 2015; 59:469-77. [PMID: 26383078 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) is a serious non-neurological complication that can occur after a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and is associated with decreased survival and a poor neurological outcome. Melatonin is a strong antioxidant that has beneficial effects against SAH in rats, including reduced mortality and reduced neurological deficits. The molecular mechanisms underlying these clinical effects in the SAH model, however, have not been clearly identified. This study was undertaken to determine the influence of melatonin on SAH-induced NPE and the potential mechanism of these effects using the filament perforation model of SAH in male Sprague Dawley rats. Either melatonin (150 mg/kg) or a vehicle was given via an intraperitoneal injection 2 hr after an SAH induction. Lung samples were extracted 24 hr after SAH. The results show that the melatonin treatment attenuated SAH-induced NPE by preventing alveolar-capillary barrier dysfunctions via inhibiting the disruption of tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and occludin). Moreover, the treatment downregulated the levels of mature interleukin (IL) -1β, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and matrix metallopeptidase (MMP) 9 expression/activation, which were increased in the lung; also, melatonin treatment improved neurological deficits. Furthermore, the melatonin treatment markedly reduced caspase-3 activity and the number of TUNEL-positive cells in the lung. Taken together, these findings show that administration of melatonin attenuates NPE by preventing alveolar-capillary barrier dysfunctions via repressing the inflammatory response and by anti-apoptosis effects after SAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Taizhou, China
| | - Shenglong Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianru Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chi Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Otunctemur A, Ozbek E, Cakir SS, Dursun M, Cekmen M, Polat EC, Ozcan L, Somay A, Ozbay N. Beneficial effects montelukast, cysteinyl-leukotriene receptor antagonist, on renal damage after unilateral ureteral obstruction in rats. Int Braz J Urol 2015; 41:279-87. [PMID: 26005969 PMCID: PMC4752091 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2015.02.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introductıon Ureteral obstruction is a common pathology and caused kidney fibrosis and dysfunction at late period. In this present, we investigated the antifibrotic and antiinflammatory effects of montelukast which is cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist, on kidney damage after unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO) in rats. Mateirıals and Methods 32 rats divided four groups. Group 1 was control, group 2 was sham, group 3 was rats with UUO and group 4 was rats with UUO which were given montelukast sodium (oral 10 mg/kg/day). After 14 days, rats were killed and their kidneys were taken and blood analysis was performed. Tubular necrosis, mononuclear cell infiltration and interstitial fibrosis scoring were determined histopathologically in a part of kidneys; nitric oxide(NO), malondialdehyde(MDA) and reduced glutathione(GSH) levels were determined in the other part of kidneys. Urea-creatinine levels were investigated at blood analysis. Statistical analyses were made by the Chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results There was no difference significantly for urea-creatinine levels between groups. Pathologically, there was serious tubular necrosis and fibrosis in group 3 and there was significantly decreasing for tubular necrosis and fibrosis in group 4(p<0.005). Also, there was significantly increasing for NO and MDA levels; decreasing for GSH levels in group 3 compared the other groups(p<0.005). Conclusıon We can say that montelukast prevent kidney damage with antioxidant effect, independently of NO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alper Otunctemur
- Department of Urology, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emin Ozbek
- Department of Urology, Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Murat Dursun
- Department of Urology, Bahcelievler State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Cekmen
- Department of biochemistry, Kocaeli University, , Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Emre Can Polat
- Department of Urology, Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Levent Ozcan
- Department of Urology, Derince Training and Research Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Adnan Somay
- Department Pathology, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurver Ozbay
- Department Pathology, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Otunctemur A, Ozbek E, Cakir SS, Polat EC, Dursun M, Cekmen M, Somay A, Ozbay N. Pomegranate extract attenuates unilateral ureteral obstruction-induced renal damage by reducing oxidative stress. Urol Ann 2015; 7:166-71. [PMID: 25838069 PMCID: PMC4374253 DOI: 10.4103/0974-7796.150488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Ureteral obstruction may cause permanent kidney damage at late period. We know that the pomegranate extract (PE) play a strong role on removal of free oxygen radicals and prevention of oxidative stress. In the current study study, we evaluated the effect of PE on kidney damage after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). SETTINGS AND DESIGN A total of 32 rats were divided into four groups. Group 1 was a control, Group 2 was a sham, Group 3 was rats with UUO and Group 4 was rats with UUO that were given PE (oral 100 μL/day). After 14 days, rats were killed and their kidneys were taken and blood analysis was performed. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Tubular necrosis, mononuclear cell infiltration, and interstitial fibrosis scoring were determined histopathologically in a part of kidneys; nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were determined in the other part of kidneys. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Statistical analyses were performed by the Chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS There was no difference significantly for urea-creatinine levels between groups. Pathologically, there was serious tubular necrosis, mononuclear cell infiltration and fibrosis in Group 3, and there was significantly decreasing for tubular necrosis, mononuclear cell infiltration and fibrosis in Group 4 (P < 0.005). Furthermore, there was significantly increasing for NO and MDA levels; decreasing for GSH levels in Group 3 compared the other groups (P < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS We think that the PE prevents kidney damage by decreasing oxidative stress in kidney.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alper Otunctemur
- Department of Urology, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emin Ozbek
- Department of Urology, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Emre Can Polat
- Department of Urology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Dursun
- Department of Urology, Bahcelievler State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Cekmen
- Department of Biochemistry, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Adnan Somay
- Department of Pathology, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurver Ozbay
- Department of Pathology, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang FF, Cheng Y, Wan N, Jing ZW, Ju J, Jia YY, Zhou SY, Zhang BL. A validated sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method for quantification of a potential hypnotic drug MT502 and its application to a pharmacokinetic study in rat. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 29:1422-7. [PMID: 25728168 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method was established and validated to assay the concentration and pharmacokinetic profile of MT502, a promising hypnotic drug. The plasma sample was treated by a liquid-liquid extraction and separated on a kromasil C18 column at an isocratic flow rate of 0.3 mL/min using methanol and 0.1% formic acid in water (75:25, v/v) as mobile phase. The mass spectrometric detection was carried out using a triple-quadrupole system via positive electrospray ionization. Multiple reaction monitoring was used for quantitation of m/z transitions from 261 to 188 for MT502 and from 247 to 188 for MT501 (internal standard). Good linearity was achieved over the concentration range of 1-1000 ng/mL and 10-5000 ng/mL with lower limit of quantification of 0.30 and 0.80 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day precisions, accuracy, recovery and stability were satisfactory for the concentration test. The above method can be used for a pharmacokinetic study at doses of 1, 5 and 20 mg/kg. Results indicated that MT502 had rapid absorption, rapid elimination and linear pharmacokinetic properties within the range of the tested intragastric dose. This developed HPLC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of MT502 for the first time and was demonstrated to be simple and sensitive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Wan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Wei Jing
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Ju
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Yang Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Yuan Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Bang-Le Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yang Y, Sun Y, Yi W, Li Y, Fan C, Xin Z, Jiang S, Di S, Qu Y, Reiter RJ, Yi D. A review of melatonin as a suitable antioxidant against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and clinical heart diseases. J Pineal Res 2014; 57:357-66. [PMID: 25230580 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac tissue loss is one of the most important factors leading to the unsatisfactory recovery even after treatment of ischemic heart disease. Melatonin, a circadian molecule with marked antioxidant properties, protects against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. In particular, the myocardial protection of melatonin is substantial. We initially focus on the cardioprotective effects of melatonin in myocardial IR. These studies showed how melatonin preserves the microstructure of the cardiomyocyte and reduces myocardial IR injury. Thereafter, downstream signaling pathways of melatonin were summarized including Janus kinase 2/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3, nitric oxide-synthase, and nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2. Herein, we propose the clinical applications of melatonin in several ischemic heart diseases. Collectively, the information summarized in this review (based on in vitro, animal, and human studies) should serve as a comprehensive reference for the action of melatonin in cardioprotection and hopefully will contribute to the design of future experimental research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li Y, Yang Y, Feng Y, Yan J, Fan C, Jiang S, Qu Y. A review of melatonin in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury and clinical liver disease. Ann Med 2014; 46:503-11. [PMID: 25033992 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2014.934275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) can lead to cellular and, eventually, organ dysfunction, with the liver being one of the most frequently affected organs. Melatonin, a molecule that has notable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, has been shown to protect against hepatic IRI. The purpose of this review is to summarize the protective effects of melatonin on hepatic IRI. The review initially summarizes the antioxidant properties of melatonin. We then discuss the protective effects of melatonin against endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction. Thereafter, we introduce some information covering melatonin-related signaling pathways, including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), toll-like receptor (TLR), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and so on. Furthermore, the clinical application of melatonin to hepatic diseases is considered. Finally, the safety of melatonin is evaluated. Taken together, the information compiled in this review will serve as a comprehensive reference regarding the pharmacological benefits of melatonin on hepatic IRI, aid in the design of future experimental research, and promote melatonin as a new therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chen J, Chen G, Li J, Qian C, Mo H, Gu C, Yan F, Yan W, Wang L. Melatonin attenuates inflammatory response-induced brain edema in early brain injury following a subarachnoid hemorrhage: a possible role for the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. J Pineal Res 2014; 57:340-7. [PMID: 25187344 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a strong anti-oxidant that has beneficial effects against early brain injury (EBI) following a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats; protection includes the reduction of both mortality and neurological deficits. The molecular mechanisms underlying these clinical effects in the SAH model have not been clearly identified. This study examined the influence of melatonin on brain edema secondary to disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the relationship between these effects and pro-inflammatory cytokines in EBI following SAH using the filament perforation model of SAH in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Melatonin (150 mg/kg) or vehicle was given via an intraperitoneal injection 2 hr after SAH induction. Brain samples were extracted 24 hr after SAH. Melatonin treatment markedly attenuated brain edema secondary to BBB dysfunctions by preventing the disruption of tight junction protein expression (ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5). Melatonin treatment also repressed cortical levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), which were increased in EBI 24 hr after SAH. To further identify the mechanism of this protection, we demonstrated that administration of melatonin attenuated matrix metallopeptidase 9 expression/activity and vascular endothelial growth factor expression, which are related to the inflammatory response and BBB disruption in EBI after SAH. Taken together, this report shows that melatonin prevents disruption of tight junction proteins which might play a role in attenuating brain edema secondary to BBB dysfunctions by repressing the inflammatory response in EBI after SAH, possibly associated with regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kim HA, Lee KH, Lee BH. Neuroprotective effect of melatonin against kainic acid-induced oxidative injury in hippocampal slice culture of rats. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:5940-51. [PMID: 24722567 PMCID: PMC4013606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15045940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous melatonin is a known free radical scavenger that removes reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus, alleviating oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate its effect against kainic acid (KA)-induced oxidative stress in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs). To observe neuroprotective effects of melatonin, different concentrations (0.01, 0.1 and 1 mM) of melatonin were administrated after KA treatment for 18 h in OHSCs of rat pups. Dose-response studies showed that neuronal cell death was significantly reduced after 0.1 and 1 mM melatonin treatments based on propidium iodide (PI) uptake and cresyl violet staining. The dichlorofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence which indicates ROS formation decreased more in the melatonin-treated group than in the KA group. The expression of 5-lipoxigenase (5-LO) and caspase-3 were reduced in the melatonin-treated groups compared to the KA group. These results suggest that melatonin may be an effective agent against KA-induced oxidative stress in the OHSC model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung A Kim
- Department of Physiology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea.
| | - Kyung Hee Lee
- Division of Health Science, Department of Dental Hygiene, Dongseo University, Busan 617-716, Korea.
| | - Bae Hwan Lee
- Department of Physiology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen J, Wang L, Wu C, Hu Q, Gu C, Yan F, Li J, Yan W, Chen G. Melatonin-enhanced autophagy protects against neural apoptosis via a mitochondrial pathway in early brain injury following a subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Pineal Res 2014; 56:12-9. [PMID: 24033352 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a strong antioxidant that has beneficial effects against early brain injury (EBI) following a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats; protection includes reduced mortality and brain water content. The molecular mechanisms underlying these clinical effects in the SAH model, however, have not been clearly identified. This study was undertaken to determine the influence of melatonin on neural apoptosis and the potential mechanism of these effects in EBI following SAH using the filament perforation model of SAH in male Sprague Dawley rats. Melatonin (150 mg/kg) or vehicle was given via an intraperitoneal injection 2 hr after SAH induction. Brain samples were extracted 24 hr after SAH. The results show that melatonin treatment markedly reduced caspase-3 activity and the number of TUNEL-positive cells, while the treatment increased the LC3-II/LC3-I, an autophagy marker, which indicated that melatonin-enhanced autophagy ameliorated apoptotic cell death in rats subjected to SAH. To further identify the mechanism of autophagy protection, we demonstrated that melatonin administration reduced Bax translocation to the mitochondria and the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. Taken together, this report demonstrates that melatonin improved the neurological outcome in rats by protecting against neural apoptosis after the induction of filament perforation SAH; moreover, the mechanism of these antiapoptosis effects was related to the enhancement of autophagy, which ameliorated cell apoptosis via a mitochondrial pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Erenberk U, Dundaroz R, Gok O, Uysal O, Agus S, Yuksel A, Yilmaz B, Kilic U. Melatonin attenuates phenytoin sodium-induced DNA damage. Drug Chem Toxicol 2013; 37:233-9. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2013.838777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
24
|
Hung MW, Kravtsov GM, Lau CF, Poon AMS, Tipoe GL, Fung ML. Melatonin ameliorates endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and systemic hypertension in rats with chronic intermittent hypoxia. J Pineal Res 2013; 55:247-56. [PMID: 23869411 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of hypertension in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with endothelial dysfunction induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH). Studies have shown that administration of melatonin ameliorates oxidative injury and inflammation. This study examined the effect of melatonin on the oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation during the pathogenesis of hypertension in chronic IH. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats that had received a daily injection of melatonin or vehicle were exposed to IH treatment mimicking a severe OSA condition for 14-21 days. Systolic pressure was significantly higher in the vehicle-treated (144 ± 2.7 mmHg) but not in the melatonin-treated rats (123 ± 5.1 mmHg) by 21-day IH treatment when compared with the normoxic control. Levels of malondialdehyde and the expressions of NADPH oxidase, pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, inducible NO synthase, COX-2), and adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin) of the thoracic aorta were markedly increased by 14-day IH treatment preceding the hypertensive response. Also, levels of nitric oxide (NO˙), endothelial-dependent relaxation, and the expressions of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and antioxidant enzymes (GPx, CAT, and Cu/Zn SOD) were significantly lowered in the IH rats. Melatonin treatment significantly mitigated the increased expression of NADPH oxidase, pro-inflammatory mediators, and adhesion molecules. Moreover, melatonin prevented the endothelial dysfunction with ameliorated levels of NO˙, endothelial-dependent relaxation, and expressions of eNOS and antioxidant enzymes. These results suggest that melatonin is protective against IH-induced hypertension and endothelial dysfunction via an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wai Hung
- Department of Physiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu XJ, Yuan L, Yang D, Han WN, Li QS, Yang W, Liu QS, Qi JS. Melatonin protects against amyloid-β-induced impairments of hippocampal LTP and spatial learning in rats. Synapse 2013; 67:626-36. [PMID: 23620224 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the elderly, leads to progressive loss of memory and cognitive deficits. Amyloid-β protein (Aβ) in the brain is thought to be the main cause of memory loss in AD. Melatonin, an indole hormone secreted by the pineal gland, has been reported to produce neuroprotective effects. We examined whether melatonin could protect Aβ-induced impairments of hippocampal synaptic plasticity, neuronal cooperative activity, and learning and memory. Rats received bilateral intrahippocampal injection of Aβ1-42 or Aβ31-35 followed by intraperitoneal application of melatonin for 10 days, and the effects of chronic melatonin treatment on in vivo hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and theta rhythm and Morris water maze performance were examined. We showed that intrahippocampal injection of Aβ1-42 or Aβ31-35 impaired hippocampal LTP in vivo, while chronic melatonin treatment reversed Aβ1-42- or Aβ31-35-induced impairments in LTP induction. Intrahippocampal injection of Aβ31-35 impaired spatial learning and decreased the power of theta rhythm in the CA1 region induced by tail pinch, and these synaptic, circuit, and learning deficits were rescued by chronic melatonin treatment. These results provide evidence for the neuroprotective action of melatonin against Aβ insults and suggest a strategy for alleviating cognition deficits of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jie Liu
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yip HK, Chang YC, Wallace CG, Chang LT, Tsai TH, Chen YL, Chang HW, Leu S, Zhen YY, Tsai CY, Yeh KH, Sun CK, Yen CH. Melatonin treatment improves adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy for acute lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Pineal Res 2013; 54:207-21. [PMID: 23110436 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether melatonin-treated adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSC) offered superior protection against acute lung ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 30) were randomized equally into five groups: sham controls, lung IR-saline, lung IR-melatonin, lung IR-melatonin-normal ADMSC, and lung IR-melatonin-apoptotic ADMSC. Arterial oxygen saturation was lowest in lung IR-saline; lower in lung IR-melatonin than sham controls, lung IR-melatonin-normal ADMSC, and lung IR-melatonin-apoptotic ADMSC; lower in lung IR-melatonin-normal ADMSC than sham controls and lung IR-melatonin-apoptotic ADMSC; lower in lung IR-melatonin-apoptotic ADMSC than sham controls (P < 0.0001 in each case). Right ventricular systolic blood pressure (RVSBP) showed a reversed pattern among all groups (all P < 0.0001). Changes in histological scoring of lung parenchymal damage and CD68+ cells showed a similar pattern compared with RVSBP in all groups (all P < 0.001). Changes in inflammatory protein expressions such as VCAM-1, ICAM-1, oxidative stress, TNF-α, NF-κB, PDGF, and angiotensin II receptor, and changes in apoptotic protein expressions of cleaved caspase 3 and PARP, and mitochondrial Bax, displayed identical patterns compared with RVSBP in all groups (all P < 0.001). Numbers of antioxidant (GR+, GPx+, NQO-1+) and endothelial cell biomarkers (CD31+ and vWF+) were lower in sham controls, lung IR-saline, and lung IR-melatonin than lung IR-melatonin-normal ADMSC and lung IR-melatonin-apoptotic ADMSC, and lower in lung IR-melatonin-normal ADMSC than lung IR-melatonin-apoptotic ADMSC (P < 0.001 in each case). In conclusion, when the animals were treated with melatonin, the apoptotic ADMSC were superior to normal ADMSC for protection of lung from acute IR injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hon-Kan Yip
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kilic U, Kilic E, Tuzcu Z, Tuzcu M, Ozercan IH, Yilmaz O, Sahin F, Sahin K. Melatonin suppresses cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity via activation of Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2013; 10:7. [PMID: 23311701 PMCID: PMC3561216 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-10-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cisplatin, one of the most effective and potent anticancer drugs, is used in the treatment of a wide variety of both pediatric and adult malignancies. However, the chemotherapeutic use of cisplatin is limited by its serious side-effects such as nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Cisplatin chemotherapy induces a reduction in the antioxidant status, leading to a failure of the antioxidant defense against free-radical damage generated by antitumor drugs. Cisplatin-induced oxidative stress in the kidney was partially prevented by antioxidant treatments using superoxide dismutase, glutathione, selenium and flavonoids. Melatonin and its metabolites possess free-radical scavenging activity and it has been shown that they protect against cisplatin toxicity. However, the mechanism of the protective effects of melatonin against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity is still essentially unknown. We therefore designed this study to investigate the underlying mechanism of the protective effect of melatonin against cisplatin-induced renal damage in a rat nephrotoxicity model in vivo. Methods Twenty eight 8-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of control, melatonin treatment (4 mg/kg b.w i.p. for 10 days), cisplatin treatment (7 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) and melatonin and cisplatin combination treatment. Serum urea nitrogen (urea-N) and creatinine levels were measured. Histopathological changes were evaluated. In addition, we analyzed the expression levels of HO-1, Nrf2, NF-κB and AP-1 in Western blot analysis. Results Both serum creatinine and urea nitrogen increased significantly following cisplatin administration alone; these values decreased significantly with melatonin co-treatment of cisplatin-treated rats. Histological analysis showed that cisplatin caused damage in the proximal tubular cells in the kidneys of cisplatin-treated rats; these changes were reversed by melatonin co-treatment. Upon Western blot analysis, melatonin treatment increased Nrf2 accumulation in the nuclear fraction, and increased the expression of HO-1 in the cytosolic fraction as compared to the cisplatin-treated rats. Expressions of NF-κB p65 and AP-1 were increased significantly in the kidneys of rats treated with cisplatin compared with the expression in the kidneys from the control, melatonin-only-treated and melatonin co-treated rats. Conclusion Our present data suggest that melatonin attenuates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity possibly by modulating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulkan Kilic
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Adnan Menderes Bulvarı Vatan Caddesi, Fatih, TR-34093, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Al-Omary FAM. Melatonin: comprehensive profile. PROFILES OF DRUG SUBSTANCES, EXCIPIENTS, AND RELATED METHODOLOGY 2013; 38:159-226. [PMID: 23668405 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407691-4.00005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This chapter includes the aspects of melatonin. The drug is synthesized in the pineal gland starting from tryptophane or synthetically by using indole as starting material. Melatonin has been used as an adjunct to interleukin-2 therapy for malignant neoplasms, as contraceptive, in the management of various forms of insomnia, to alleviate jet lag following long flights, and finally as free radical scavenger and hence as an antioxidant and an anti-inflammatory. The chapter discusses the drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics and presents various method of analysis of this drug such as biological analysis, spectroscopic analysis, and chromatographic techniques of separation. It also discusses its physical properties such as solubility characteristics, X-ray powder diffraction pattern, and thermal methods of analysis. The chapter is concluded with a discussion on its biological properties such as activity, toxicity, and safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatmah A M Al-Omary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Robertson NJ, Faulkner S, Fleiss B, Bainbridge A, Andorka C, Price D, Powell E, Lecky-Thompson L, Thei L, Chandrasekaran M, Hristova M, Cady EB, Gressens P, Golay X, Raivich G. Melatonin augments hypothermic neuroprotection in a perinatal asphyxia model. Brain 2012. [PMID: 23183236 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aws285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite treatment with therapeutic hypothermia, almost 50% of infants with neonatal encephalopathy still have adverse outcomes. Additional treatments are required to maximize neuroprotection. Melatonin is a naturally occurring hormone involved in physiological processes that also has neuroprotective actions against hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury in animal models. The objective of this study was to assess neuroprotective effects of combining melatonin with therapeutic hypothermia after transient hypoxia-ischaemia in a piglet model of perinatal asphyxia using clinically relevant magnetic resonance spectroscopy biomarkers supported by immunohistochemistry. After a quantified global hypoxic-ischaemic insult, 17 newborn piglets were randomized to the following: (i) therapeutic hypothermia (33.5°C from 2 to 26 h after resuscitation, n = 8) and (ii) therapeutic hypothermia plus intravenous melatonin (5 mg/kg/h over 6 h started at 10 min after resuscitation and repeated at 24 h, n = 9). Cortical white matter and deep grey matter voxel proton and whole brain (31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy were acquired before and during hypoxia-ischaemia, at 24 and 48 h after resuscitation. There was no difference in baseline variables, insult severity or any physiological or biochemical measure, including mean arterial blood pressure and inotrope use during the 48 h after hypoxia-ischaemia. Plasma levels of melatonin were 10 000 times higher in the hypothermia plus melatonin than hypothermia alone group. Melatonin-augmented hypothermia significantly reduced the hypoxic-ischaemic-induced increase in the area under the curve for proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy lactate/N-acetyl aspartate and lactate/total creatine ratios in the deep grey matter. Melatonin-augmented hypothermia increased levels of whole brain (31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy nucleotide triphosphate/exchangeable phosphate pool. Correlating with improved cerebral energy metabolism, TUNEL-positive nuclei were reduced in the hypothermia plus melatonin group compared with hypothermia alone in the thalamus, internal capsule, putamen and caudate, and there was reduced cleaved caspase 3 in the thalamus. Although total numbers of microglia were not decreased in grey or white matter, expression of the prototypical cytotoxic microglial activation marker CD86 was decreased in the cortex at 48 h after hypoxia-ischaemia. The safety and improved neuroprotection with a combination of melatonin with cooling support phase II clinical trials in infants with moderate and severe neonatal encephalopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Robertson
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, 74 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6AU, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kilic U, Yilmaz B, Ugur M, Yüksel A, Reiter RJ, Hermann DM, Kilic E. Evidence that membrane-bound G protein-coupled melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 are not involved in the neuroprotective effects of melatonin in focal cerebral ischemia. J Pineal Res 2012; 52:228-35. [PMID: 21913972 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2011.00932.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is synthesized and released by the pineal gland in a circadian rhythm, and many of its peripheral actions are mediated via membrane MT1 and MT2 receptors. Apart from its metabolic functions, melatonin is a potent neuroprotective molecule owing to its antioxidative actions. The roles of MT1 and MT2 in the neuroprotective effects of melatonin and cell signaling after cerebral ischemia remain unknown. With the use of MT1 and MT2 knockout (mt1/2(-/-) ) mice treated with melatonin, we evaluated brain injury, edema formation, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity, and signaling pathways, including CREB, ATF-1, p21, Jun kinase (JNK)1/2, p38 phosphorylation, resulting from ischemia/reperfusion injury. We show that the infarct volume and brain edema do not differ between mt1/2(-/-) and wild-type (WT) animals, but melatonin treatment decreases infarct volume in both groups and brain edema in WT animals after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Notably, melatonin's neuroprotective effect was even more pronounced in mt1/2(-/-) animals compared to that in WT animals. We also demonstrate that melatonin treatment decreased CREB, ATF-1, and p38 phosphorylation in both mt1/2(-/-) and WT mice, while p21 and JNK1/2 were reduced only in melatonin-treated WT animals in the ischemic hemisphere. Furthermore, melatonin treatment lowered iNOS activity only in WT animals. We provide evidence that the absence of MT1 and MT2 has no unfavorable effect on ischemic brain injury. In addition, the neuroprotective effects of melatonin appear to be mediated through a mechanism independent of its membrane receptors. The underlying mechanism(s) should be further studied using selective melatonin receptor agonists and antagonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulkan Kilic
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
Esposito E, Cuzzocrea S. Antiinflammatory activity of melatonin in central nervous system. Curr Neuropharmacol 2010; 8:228-42. [PMID: 21358973 PMCID: PMC3001216 DOI: 10.2174/157015910792246155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2010] [Revised: 04/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is mainly produced in the mammalian pineal gland during the dark phase. Its secretion from the pineal gland has been classically associated with circadian and circanual rhythm regulation. However, melatonin production is not confined exclusively to the pineal gland, but other tissues including retina, Harderian glands, gut, ovary, testes, bone marrow and lens also produce it. Several studies have shown that melatonin reduces chronic and acute inflammation. The immunomodulatory properties of melatonin are well known; it acts on the immune system by regulating cytokine production of immunocompetent cells. Experimental and clinical data showing that melatonin reduces adhesion molecules and pro-inflammatory cytokines and modifies serum inflammatory parameters. As a consequence, melatonin improves the clinical course of illnesses which have an inflammatory etiology. Moreover, experimental evidence supports its actions as a direct and indirect antioxidant, scavenging free radicals, stimulating antioxidant enzymes, enhancing the activities of other antioxidants or protecting other antioxidant enzymes from oxidative damage. Several encouraging clinical studies suggest that melatonin is a neuroprotective molecule in neurodegenerative disorders where brain oxidative damage has been implicated as a common link. In this review, the authors examine the effect of melatonin on several neurological diseases with inflammatory components, including dementia, Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and brain ischemia/reperfusion but also in traumatic CNS injuries (traumatic brain and spinal cord injury).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ozbek E, Ilbey YO, Ozbek M, Simsek A, Cekmen M, Somay A. Melatonin attenuates unilateral ureteral obstruction-induced renal injury by reducing oxidative stress, iNOS, MAPK, and NF-kB expression. J Endourol 2009; 23:1165-73. [PMID: 19530942 DOI: 10.1089/end.2009.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether melatonin (MLT) treatment has any protective effect on unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced kidney injury in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six animals were included in each of the following five groups: group 1, sham operation but no treatment; group 2, unilateral ureteral ligation but no treatment; group 3, sham operation + MLT; group 4, unilateral ureteral ligation + MLT; group 5, unilateral ureteral ligation +5% ethanol (the vehicle of MLT). The injected dose of MLT was 1 mg/kg/day (intraperitoneal). MLT and vehicle were injected daily, beginning 5 days before the unilateral ureteral ligation or sham operation and until 10 days after it. At 10 days after UUO, all rats were sacrificed with high-dose ketamine. Malondialdehyde, glutathione, nitric oxide (NO), and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels and inducible NO synthase (iNOS), p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) expression were studied. Histopathological examination of the obstructed kidney was also performed. RESULTS UUO was accompanied by a significant increase in malondialdehyde, NO, and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine along with a significant decrease in glutathione levels in the kidney tissue, as well as a significant elevation in iNOS, p38-MAPK, and NF-kB expression. MLT treatment resulted in reduction of the parameters of oxidative stress and the iNOS, p38-MAPK, and NF-kB expression. MLT treatment also reduced the development of leukocyte infiltration and interstitial fibrosis in UUO rats. CONCLUSIONS MLT may prevent UUO-induced kidney damage in rats by reducing oxidative stress. The mechanism for this is likely mediated via reduction in the expression of iNOS, p38-MAPK, and NF-kB, since MLT reduces the activation of these pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emin Ozbek
- Department of Urology, Bezm-i Alem Valide Sultan Vakif Gureba Research and Education Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Maldonado MD, Reiter RJ, Pérez-San-Gregorio MA. Melatonin as a potential therapeutic agent in psychiatric illness. Hum Psychopharmacol 2009; 24:391-400. [PMID: 19551767 DOI: 10.1002/hup.1032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review was to summarize the potential use of melatonin in the treatment of mental disorders, specifically bipolar disorders, depression, and schizophrenia. To date, melatonin has been most commonly used in psychiatry because of its hypnotic, rhythm resynchronizing, and antioxidant actions. Here, we examine other properties of the melatonin including its anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, anxiolytic, and drug detoxification actions as well as its protective effects against neural loss. The brain is an intricate sensory and motor organ which receives information from both the external and internal environments. It transduces information into complex chemical and electrical signals which are transmitted throughout the central nervous system (CNS) and the organism. The pathogenesis of mental disorders remains ambiguous and neuroinflammation has been proposed as a causative agent. We consider the potential contributions of melatonin as therapeutic agent in CNS and during neuroinflammation in mental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Maldonado
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Seville Medical School, Seville, Spain.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Reiter RJ, Tan DX, Manchester LC, Paredes SD, Mayo JC, Sainz RM. Melatonin and reproduction revisited. Biol Reprod 2009; 81:445-56. [PMID: 19439728 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.108.075655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This brief review summarizes new findings related to the reported beneficial effects of melatonin on reproductive physiology beyond its now well-known role in determining the sexual status in both long-day and short-day seasonally breeding mammals. Of particular note are those reproductive processes that have been shown to benefit from the ability of melatonin to function in the reduction of oxidative stress. In the few species that have been tested, brightly colored secondary sexual characteristics that serve as a sexual attractant reportedly are enhanced by melatonin administration. This is of potential importance inasmuch as the brightness of ornamental pigmentation is also associated with animals that are of the highest genetic quality. Free radical damage is commonplace during pregnancy and has negative effects on the mother, placenta, and fetus. Because of its ability to readily pass through the placenta, melatonin easily protects the fetus from oxidative damage, as well as the maternal tissues and placenta. Examples of conditions in which oxidative and nitrosative stress can be extensive during pregnancy include preeclampsia and damage resulting from anoxia or hypoxia that is followed by reflow of oxygenated blood into the tissue. Given the uncommonly low toxicity of melatonin, clinical trials are warranted to document the protection by melatonin against pathophysiological states of the reproductive system in which free radical damage is known to occur. Finally, the beneficial effects of melatonin in improving the outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer should be further tested and exploited. The information in this article has applicability to human and veterinary medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ersahin M, Toklu HZ, Cetinel S, Yüksel M, Yeğen BC, Sener G. Melatonin reduces experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced oxidative brain damage and neurological symptoms. J Pineal Res 2009; 46:324-32. [PMID: 19215574 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2009.00664.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has detrimental effects in several models of neurodegenerative diseases, including subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This study investigated the putative neuroprotective effect of melatonin, a powerful antioxidant, in a rat model of SAH. Male Wistar albino rats were divided as control, vehicle-treated SAH, and melatonin-treated (10 mg/kg, i.p.) SAH groups. To induce SAH, 0.3 mL blood was injected into cisterna magna of rats. Forty-eight hours after SAH induction, neurological examination scores were measured and the rats were decapitated. Brain tissue samples were taken for blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, brain water content, histological examination, or determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and Na+-K+-ATPase activities. Formation of reactive oxygen species in brain tissue samples was monitored by using a chemiluminescence (CL) technique. The neurological examination scores were increased in SAH groups on the second day of SAH induction and SAH caused a significant decrease in brain GSH content and Na+-K+-ATPase activity, which was accompanied with significant increases in CL, MDA levels, and MPO activity. On the other hand, melatonin treatment reversed all these biochemical indices as well as SAH-induced histopathological alterations, while increased brain water content and impaired BBB were also reversed by melatonin treatment. This study suggests that melatonin, which can easily cross BBB, alleviates SAH-induced oxidative stress and exerts neuroprotection by preserving BBB permeability and by reducing brain edema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ersahin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haydarpasa Numune Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Andrés S, Sánchez J, Jiménez A. Evaluation of the influence of melatonin implants during the gestation period in sheep from a selenium-deficient region. Am J Vet Res 2009; 70:404-8. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.70.3.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
38
|
Jadhav V, Lee S, Ayer RE, Rojas H, Hyong A, Lekic T, Tang J, Zhang JH. Dual effects of melatonin on oxidative stress after surgical brain injury in rats. J Pineal Res 2009; 46:43-8. [PMID: 18573160 PMCID: PMC2605516 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2008.00607.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of melatonin on oxidative stress occurring in the brain after routine lobectomy neurosurgery procedures. Different concentrations of melatonin (5, 15 and 150 mg/kg) were administered 1 hr before lobectomy in a rodent surgical brain injury (SBI) model. Neurological outcomes were assessed 24 hr before the killing of the rodents, for evaluation of brain water content (brain edema) and lipid peroxidation (oxidative stress). The results showed that lower doses (5 and 15 mg/kg) failed to reduce brain edema, but the 15 mg/kg dose did lower oxidative stress and improved several neurological parameters. High concentration of melatonin (150 mg/kg) significantly increased brain edema and elevated oxidative stress when compared with the vehicle-treated group. Furthermore, high-dose melatonin also worsened neurological outcomes compared with other groups. The study suggests that melatonin has dual effects: low-dose melatonin may provide neuroprotective effects against SBI but a high dose may aggravate some parameters after SBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Jadhav
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Steve Lee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Robert E. Ayer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Hugo Rojas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Amy Hyong
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Tim Lekic
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - John H. Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lin HW, Lee EJ. Effects of melatonin in experimental stroke models in acute, sub-acute, and chronic stages. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2009; 5:157-62. [PMID: 19557110 PMCID: PMC2695239 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s4815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (n-acetyl-5-methoxy-tryptamine), a naturally occurring indole produced mainly by the pineal gland, is a well known antioxidant. Stroke (cerebral ischemia) is the second leading cause of death worldwide. To date, however, effective and safe treatment for stroke remains unavailable. Melatonin is both lipid- and water-soluble and readily crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Increasing evidence has shown that, in animal stroke models, administering melatonin significantly reduces infarct volume, edema, and oxidative damage and improves electrophysiological and behavioral performance. Here, we reviewed studies that assess effects of melatonin on cerebral ischemia in acute, sub-acute, and chronic stages. In addition to its potent antioxidant properties, melatonin exerts antiapoptotic, antiexcitotoxic, anti-inflammatory effects and promotes mitochondrial functions in animals with cerebral ischemia. Given that melatonin shows almost no toxicity to humans and possesses multifaceted protective capacity against cerebral ischemia, it is valuable to consider using melatonin in clinical trials on patients suffering from stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Wen Lin
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Service, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Medical Center and Medical School, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Li JY, Yin HZ, Gu X, Zhou Y, Zhang WH, Qin YM. Melatonin protects liver from intestine ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:7392-6. [PMID: 19109875 PMCID: PMC2778125 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.7392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the protective effect of melatonin on liver after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.
METHODS: One hundred and fifty male Wistar rats, weighing 190-210 g, aged 7 wk, were randomly divided into melatonin exposure group, alcohol solvent control group and normal saline control group. Rats in the melatonin exposure group received intraperitoneal (IP) melatonin (20 mg/kg) 30 min before intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR), rats in the alcohol solvent control group received the same concentration and volume of alcohol, and rats in the normal saline control group received the same volume of normal saline. Serum samples were collected from each group 0.5, 1, 6, 12, and 24 h after intestinal IR. Levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured with an auto-biochemical analyzer. Serum TNF-α was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver was detected by colorimetric assay. Pathological changes in liver and immunohistochemical straining of ICAM-1 were observed under an optical microscope.
RESULTS: The levels of ALT measured at various time points after intestinal IR in the melatonin exposure group were significantly lower than those in the other two control groups (P < 0.05). The serum AST levels 12 and 24 h after intestinal IR and the ICAM-1 levels (%) 6, 12 and 24 h after intestinal IR in the melatonin exposure group were also significantly lower than those in the other two control groups (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Exotic melatonin can inhibit the activity of ALT, AST and TNF-α, decrease the accumulation of MDA, and depress the expression of ICAM-1 in liver after intestinal IR injury, thus improving the liver function.
Collapse
|
41
|
Peyrot F, Ducrocq C. Potential role of tryptophan derivatives in stress responses characterized by the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. J Pineal Res 2008; 45:235-46. [PMID: 18341517 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2008.00580.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To face physicochemical and biological stresses, living organisms evolved endogenous chemical responses based on gas exchange with the atmosphere and on formation of nitric oxide (NO(*)) and oxygen derivatives. The combination of these species generates a complex network of variable extension in space and time, characterized by the nature and level of the reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) and of their organic and inorganic scavengers. Among the latter, this review focusses on natural 3-substituted indolic structures. Tryptophan-derived indoles are unsensitive to NO(*), oxygen and superoxide anion (O(2)(*-)), but react directly with other ROS/RNS giving various derivatives, most of which have been characterized. Though the detection of some products like kynurenine and nitroderivatives can be performed in vitro and in vivo, it is more difficult for others, e.g., 1-nitroso-indolic compounds. In vitro chemical studies only reveal the strong likelihood of their in vivo generation and biological effects can be a sign of their transient formation. Knowing that 1-nitrosoindoles are NO donors and nitrosating agents indicating they can thus act both as mutagens and protectors, the necessity for a thorough evaluation of indole-containing drugs in accordance with the level of the oxidative stress in a given pathology is highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Peyrot
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Gif sur Yvette, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kilic E, Kilic U, Bacigaluppi M, Guo Z, Abdallah NB, Wolfer DP, Reiter RJ, Hermann DM, Bassetti CL. Delayed melatonin administration promotes neuronal survival, neurogenesis and motor recovery, and attenuates hyperactivity and anxiety after mild focal cerebral ischemia in mice. J Pineal Res 2008; 45:142-8. [PMID: 18284547 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2008.00568.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a potent antioxidant with neuroprotective activity in animal models of ischemic stroke, which based on its lack of serious toxicity has raised hopes that it might be used for human stroke treatment in the future. This study investigated how subacute delivery of melatonin, starting at 24 hr after stroke onset, and continuing for 29 days (4 mg/kg/day; via drinking water), influences neuronal survival, endogenous neurogenesis, motor recovery and locomotor activity in C57Bl6/j mice submitted to 30-min middle cerebral artery occlusion. Histologic studies showed that melatonin improved neuronal survival and enhanced neurogenesis, even when applied 1 day after stroke. Cell survival was associated with a long-lasting improvement of motor and coordination deficits, evaluated by the grip strength and RotaRod tests, as well as with attenuation of hyperactivity and anxiety of the animals as revealed in open field tests. The robust functional neurologic improvements encourage proof-of-concept studies with melatonin in human stroke patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ertugrul Kilic
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
This review summarizes the reports that have documented the neuroprotective effects of melatonin against ischemia/reperfusion brain injury. The studies were carried out on several species, using models of acute focal or global cerebral ischemia under different treatment schedules. The neuroprotective actions of melatonin were observed during critical evolving periods for cell processes of immediate or delayed neuronal death and brain injury, early after the ischemia/reperfusion episode. Late neural phenomena accounting either for brain damage or neuronal repair, plasticity and functional recovery taking place after ischemia/reperfusion have been rarely examined for the protective actions of melatonin. Special attention has been paid to the advantageous characteristics of melatonin as a neuroprotective drug: bioavailability into brain cells and cellular organelles targeted by morpho-functional derangement; effectiveness in exerting several neuroprotective actions, which can be amplified and prolonged by its metabolites, through direct and indirect antioxidant activity; prevention and reversal of mitochondrial malfunction, reducing inflammation, derangement of cytoskeleton organization, and pro-apoptotic cell signaling; lack of interference with thrombolytic and neuroprotective actions of other drugs; and an adequate safety profile. Thus, the immediate results of melatonin actions in reducing infarct volume, necrotic and apoptotic neuronal death, neurologic deficits, and in increasing the number of surviving neurons, may improve brain tissue preservation. The potential use of melatonin as a neuroprotective drug in clinical trials aimed to improve the outcome of patients suffering acute focal or global cerebral ischemia should be seriously considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Cervantes
- División de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas Dr Ignacio Chávez, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating disease that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. There is substantial evidence to suggest that oxidative stress is significant in the development of acute brain injury following SAH. Melatonin is a strong antioxidant that has low toxicity and easily passes through the blood-brain barrier. Previous studies have shown that melatonin provides neuroprotection in animal models of ischemic stroke. This study hypothesizes that melatonin will provide neuroprotection when administered 2 hr after SAH. The filament perforation model of SAH was performed in male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 300 and 380 g. Melatonin (15 or 150 mg/kg), or vehicle was given via intraperitoneal injection 2 hr after SAH. Mortality and neurologic deficits were assessed 24 hr after SAH. A significant reduction in 24-hr mortality was seen following treatment with high dose melatonin. There was no improvement in neurologic scores with treatment. Brain water content and lipid peroxidation were measured following the administration of high dose melatonin to identify a mechanism for the increased survival. High dose melatonin tended to reduce brain water content following SAH, but had no effect on the lipid peroxidation of brain samples. Large doses of melatonin significantly reduces mortality and brain water content in rats following SAH through a mechanism unrelated to oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Ayer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ayer RE, Sugawara T, Zhang JH. Effects of melatonin in early brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage. ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA. SUPPLEMENT 2008; 102:327-330. [PMID: 19388339 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-211-85578-2_62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating disease that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. There is substantial evidence to suggest that oxidative stress is significant in the development of acute brain injury following SAH. Melatonin is a strong antioxidant that has low toxicity and easily passes through the BBB. Previous studies have shown that melatonin provides neuroprotection in other models of CNS injury. METHODS This experiment evaluates melatonin as a neuroprotectant against early brain injury following SAH. The endovascular perforation model of SAH was performed in male Sprague Dawley rats followed by the administration of melatonin two hours after the insult. Mortality and brain water content were assessed 24 after SAH. FINDINGS A significant reduction in 24 h mortality was seen following treatment with 150 mg/kg of melatonin. Brain water content was evaluated in the high dose treatment group to see if a reduction in brain edema was associated with reduced mortality. High dose melatonin tended to reduce brain water content following SAH. CONCLUSIONS Large doses of melatonin significantly reduced mortality and brain water content in rats following SAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Ayer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lee S, Jadhav V, Ayer R, Rojas H, Hyong A, Lekic T, Stier G, Martin R, Zhang JH. The antioxidant effects of melatonin in surgical brain injury in rats. ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA SUPPLEMENTS 2008; 102:367-71. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-211-85578-2_70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
|
47
|
Gao Q, Yang B, Ye ZG, Wang J, Bruce IC, Xia Q. Opening the calcium-activated potassium channel participates in the cardioprotective effect of puerarin. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 574:179-84. [PMID: 17692311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2007] [Revised: 07/07/2007] [Accepted: 07/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine whether the effective cardioprotection conferred by puerarin against ischemia and reperfusion is mediated by the calcium-activated potassium channel. Hearts isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats were perfused on a Langendorff apparatus and subjected to 30 min of global ischemia followed by 120 min of reperfusion. The production of formazan, which provides an index of myocardial viability, was measured by absorbance at 550 nm, and the level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the coronary effluent was determined. Pretreatment with puerarin at 0.24 mmol/l for 5 min before ischemia increased myocardial formazan content and reduced LDH release during reperfusion. Administration of paxilline (1 micromol/l), an antagonist of the calcium-activated potassium channel, attenuated the protective effects of puerarin. In isolated ventricular myocytes, pretreatment with puerarin prevented simulated ischemia and reperfusion injury, hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death and the release of reactive oxygen species. Paxilline and chelerythrine (a protein kinase C inhibitor) both attenuated the effects of puerarin. These findings indicate that puerarin protects the myocardium against ischemia and reperfusion injury via opening the calcium-activated potassium channel and activating protein kinase C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Gao
- Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|