1
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Mao Z, Zhong K, Liu X, Zeng X. Ferroptosis contributes to cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 384:110701. [PMID: 37690746 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is extensively used in tumor therapy, but its clinical application is limited by its toxic effects on the bladder. Since CYP-induced cystitis is believed to be mediated by acrolein (ACR), a product of lipid peroxidation that triggers ferroptosis, we hypothesized that ferroptosis might be an essential molecular mechanism underlying CYP-induced cystitis. The purpose of this study was to test this hypothesis. Intraperitoneal injection of CYP led to bladder hemorrhage and edema, along with increased oxidation, inflammation, and cell injury. Further analysis revealed these changes were associated with altered ferroptosis markers in the bladder, such as FPN1, ACSL4, SLC7A11, and GPX4, indicating the existence of ferroptosis. Administration of ferroptosis inhibitor dexrazoxane (DXZ) improved ferroptosis and prevented CYP-induced pathological changes in the bladder. Collectively, our study revealed that ferroptosis is an important mechanism underlying CYP-induced cystitis, and therapeutic approaches targeting ferroptosis could be developed to treat CYP-induced cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Mao
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Kun Zhong
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuhui Zeng
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
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2
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Zeber-Lubecka N, Kulecka M, Załęska-Oracka K, Dąbrowska M, Bałabas A, Hennig EE, Szymanek-Szwed M, Mikula M, Jurkiewicz B, Ostrowski J. Gene Expression-Based Functional Differences between the Bladder Body and Trigonal Urothelium in Adolescent Female Patients with Micturition Dysfunction. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061435. [PMID: 35740457 PMCID: PMC9220714 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the molecular differences between the urothelial transcriptomes of the bladder body and trigone. The transcriptomes of the bladder body and trigonal epithelia were analyzed by massive sequencing of total epithelial RNA. The profiles of urothelial and urinal microbiomes were assessed by amplicon sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes in 17 adolescent females with pain and micturition dysfunction and control female subjects. The RNA sequencing identified 10,261 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the urothelia of the bladder body and trigone, with the top 1000 DEGs at these locations annotated to 36 and 77 of the Reactome-related pathways in the bladder body and trigone, respectively. These pathways represented 11 categories enriched in the bladder body urothelium, including extracellular matrix organization, the neuronal system, and 15 categories enriched in the trigonal epithelium, including RHO GTPase effectors, cornified envelope formation, and neutrophil degranulation. Five bacterial taxa in urine differed significantly in patients and healthy adolescent controls. The evaluation of their transcriptomes indicated that the bladder body and trigonal urothelia were functionally different tissues. The molecular differences between the body and trigonal urothelia responsible for clinical symptoms in adolescents with bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Zeber-Lubecka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (N.Z.-L.); (M.K.); (E.E.H.)
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Kulecka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (N.Z.-L.); (M.K.); (E.E.H.)
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Katarzyna Załęska-Oracka
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marii Konopnickiej 65, 05-092 Dziekanow Lesny, Poland; (K.Z.-O.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Michalina Dąbrowska
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Aneta Bałabas
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Ewa E. Hennig
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (N.Z.-L.); (M.K.); (E.E.H.)
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Magdalena Szymanek-Szwed
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marii Konopnickiej 65, 05-092 Dziekanow Lesny, Poland; (K.Z.-O.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Michał Mikula
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Beata Jurkiewicz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marii Konopnickiej 65, 05-092 Dziekanow Lesny, Poland; (K.Z.-O.); (M.S.-S.)
- Correspondence: (B.J.); (J.O.); Tel.: +48-22-765-7154 (B.J.); +48-22-546-25-75 (J.O.)
| | - Jerzy Ostrowski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (N.Z.-L.); (M.K.); (E.E.H.)
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (B.J.); (J.O.); Tel.: +48-22-765-7154 (B.J.); +48-22-546-25-75 (J.O.)
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3
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Petca RC, Popescu RI, Toma C, Dumitrascu MC, Petca A, Sandru F, Chibelean CB. Chemical hemorrhagic cystitis: Diagnostic and therapeutic pitfalls (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:624. [PMID: 33936281 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical cystitis (CC) is an inflammation of the bladder caused by various chemical agents ingested intentionally or accidentally. It is linked to chemotherapeutic agents such as cyclophosphamide, therapeutic agents for diverse diseases, and anesthetic agents consumed abusively for recreational effects such as ketamine, or can be linked to environmental and surrounding factors such as soaps, gels, spermicides, and dyes. CC is a pathology with an increasing incidence that is inadequately treated due to its infectious cystitis-like symptoms. The hemorrhagic form can have a rampant evolution. Treatment options of CC and its complications are under continuous research with no accepted standardized sequence. In many situations, the treatments are difficult to obtain, administer, and follow-up. In addition, the lack of experience of the physician may pose other obstacles in delivering treatment to the patient. In conclusion, CC is a disease with an increasing incidence, challenging to diagnose, which is frequently mistreated, and has multiple treatment modalities that still require standardization in administration and sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razvan-Cosmin Petca
- Department of Urology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Urology, 'Prof. Dr. Th. Burghele' Clinical Hospital, 050659 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Razvan-Ionut Popescu
- Department of Urology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Urology, 'Prof. Dr. Th. Burghele' Clinical Hospital, 050659 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Toma
- Department of Urology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Urology, 'Prof. Dr. Th. Burghele' Clinical Hospital, 050659 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Cristian Dumitrascu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aida Petca
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florica Sandru
- Department of Dermatology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Dermatology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Calin Bogdan Chibelean
- Department of Urology, 'George Emil Palade' University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu-Mures, 540139 Targu-Mures, Romania.,Department of Urology, Mureș County Hospital, 540136 Targu-Mures, Romania
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4
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Zupančič D, Romih R. Immunohistochemistry as a paramount tool in research of normal urothelium, bladder cancer and bladder pain syndrome. Eur J Histochem 2021; 65. [PMID: 33764020 PMCID: PMC8033529 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2021.3242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The urothelium, an epithelium of the urinary bladder, primarily functions as blood-urine permeability barrier. The urothelium has a very slow turnover under normal conditions but is capable of extremely fast response to injury. During regeneration urothelium either restores normal function or undergoes altered differentiation pathways, the latter being the cause of several bladder diseases. In this review, we describe the structure of the apical plasma membrane that enables barrier function, the role of urothelium specific proteins uroplakins and the machinery for polarized membrane transports in terminally differentiated superficial umbrella cells. We address key markers, such as keratins, cancer stem cell markers, retinoic acid signalling pathway proteins and transient receptor potential channels and purinergic receptors that drive normal and altered differentiation in bladder cancer and bladder pain syndrome. Finally, we discuss uncertainties regarding research, diagnosis and treatment of bladder pain syndrome. Throughout the review, we emphasise the contribution of immunohistochemistry in advancing our understanding of processes in normal and diseased bladder as well as the most promising possibilities for improved bladder cancer and bladder pain syndrome management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daša Zupančič
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana.
| | - Rok Romih
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana.
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5
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Wang X, Wang B, Zhan W, Kang L, Zhang S, Chen C, Hou D, You R, Huang H. Melatonin inhibits lung metastasis of gastric cancer in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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6
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The multiple functions of melatonin in regenerative medicine. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 45:33-52. [PMID: 29630951 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin research has been experiencing hyper growth in the last two decades; this relates to its numerous physiological functions including anti-inflammation, oncostasis, circadian and endocrine rhythm regulation, and its potent antioxidant activity. Recently, a large number of studies have focused on the role of melatonin in the regeneration of cells or tissues after their partial loss. In this review, we discuss the recent findings on the molecular involvement of melatonin in the regeneration of various tissues including the nervous system, liver, bone, kidney, bladder, skin, and muscle, among others.
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7
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Wang X, Wang B, Xie J, Hou D, Zhang H, Huang H. Melatonin inhibits epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer cells via attenuation of IL‑1β/NF‑κB/MMP2/MMP9 signaling. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:2221-2228. [PMID: 30066836 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although melatonin has been shown to exert marked antitumor effects against a variety of cancers, the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. It has been hypothesized that the anticancer properties of melatonin are associated with its ability to suppress epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells. In the present study, melatonin effectively suppressed interleukin (IL)‑1β‑induced EMT in human gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) cells. Sequential treatment of GA cells with melatonin after IL‑1β challenge markedly reversed the IL‑1β‑induced morphological changes, reduced cell invasion and migration, increased β‑catenin and E‑cadherin expression, and downregulated fibronectin, vimentin, Snail, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and MMP9 expression. Moreover, IL‑1β‑induced activation of NF‑κB was attenuated following treatment with melatonin. Knockdown of NF‑κB significantly reduced the IL‑1β‑induced EMT in GA cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that melatonin may act by suppressing EMT and tumor progression by inhibiting NF‑κB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Wang
- Central Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Central Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Jieqiong Xie
- Central Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Diyu Hou
- Central Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Fujian Center for Safety Evaluation of New Drugs, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P.R. China
| | - Huifang Huang
- Central Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
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8
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Zupančič D, Mrak Poljšak K, Kreft ME. Co-culturing porcine normal urothelial cells, urinary bladder fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells for tissue engineering research. Cell Biol Int 2017; 42:411-424. [PMID: 29115705 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
New strategies for culturing and co-culturing of the main types of urinary bladder cells are essential for successful establishment of biomimetic in vitro models, which could be applied for research into, and management of, diverse urological disorders. Porcine normal urothelial cells are available in nearly unlimited amounts and have many properties equivalent to human urothelial cells. In the present study, we established normal differentiated porcine urothelial cells in co-cultures with porcine urinary bladder normal fibroblasts and/or smooth muscle cells. The optimal culture medium for establishment of differentiated urothelial cells, demonstrated by positive immunofluorescence of uroplakins, cytokeratins (CK 7, CK 20), zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), claudin 4, claudin 8, and E-cadherin, was the medium composed of equal parts of Advanced Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (A-DMEM) and MCDB 153 medium with physiological calcium concentration of 2.5 mM and without fetal bovine serum, named UroM (+Ca2+ - S). This medium was also proven to be suitable for culturing of bladder fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells and co-culturing of urothelial cells with these mesenchymal cells. Urothelial cell differentiation was optimal in UroM (+Ca2+ - S) medium in all co-culture conditions and when compared to all conditioned-media combinations. To summarize, these strategies for culturing and co-culturing of urinary bladder urothelial cells with mesenchymal cells could be used as new in vitro models for future basic and applicable research of the urinary bladder and thus potentially also for translational tissue engineering studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daša Zupančič
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katjuša Mrak Poljšak
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Erdani Kreft
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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9
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Majidinia M, Sadeghpour A, Mehrzadi S, Reiter RJ, Khatami N, Yousefi B. Melatonin: A pleiotropic molecule that modulates DNA damage response and repair pathways. J Pineal Res 2017; 63. [PMID: 28439991 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA repair is responsible for maintaining the integrity of the genome. Perturbations in the DNA repair pathways have been identified in several human cancers. Thus, compounds targeting DNA damage response (DDR) hold great promise in cancer therapy. A great deal of effort, in pursuit of new anticancer drugs, has been devoted to understanding the basic mechanisms and functions of the cellular DNA repair machinery. Melatonin, a widely produced indoleamine in all organisms, is associated with a reduced risk of cancer and has multiple regulatory roles on the different aspects of the DDR and DNA repair. Herein, we have mainly discussed how defective components in different DNA repair machineries, including homologous recombination (HR), nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ), base excision repair (BER), nucleotide excision repair (NER), and finally DNA mismatch repair (MMR), can contribute to the risk of cancer. Melatonin biosynthesis, mode of action, and antioxidant effects are reviewed along with the means by which the indoleamine regulates DDR at the transduction, mediation, and functional levels. Finally, we summarize recent studies that illustrate how melatonin can be combined with DNA-damaging agents to improve their efficacy in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Alireza Sadeghpour
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine and Shohada Educational Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Nasrin Khatami
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Students Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Molecular Targeting Therapy Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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10
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Cystitis: from urothelial cell biology to clinical applications. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:473536. [PMID: 24877098 PMCID: PMC4022113 DOI: 10.1155/2014/473536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cystitis is a urinary bladder disease with many causes and symptoms. The severity of cystitis ranges from mild lower abdominal discomfort to life-threatening haemorrhagic cystitis. The course of disease is often chronic or recurrent. Although cystitis represents huge economical and medical burden throughout the world and in many cases treatments are ineffective, the mechanisms of its origin and development as well as measures for effective treatment are still poorly understood. However, many studies have demonstrated that urothelial dysfunction plays a crucial role. In the present review we first discuss fundamental issues of urothelial cell biology, which is the core for comprehension of cystitis. Then we focus on many forms of cystitis, its current treatments, and advances in its research. Additionally we review haemorrhagic cystitis with one of the leading causative agents being chemotherapeutic drug cyclophosphamide and summarise its management strategies. At the end we describe an excellent and widely used animal model of cyclophosphamide induced cystitis, which gives researches the opportunity to get a better insight into the mechanisms involved and possibility to develop new therapy approaches.
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11
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Zhang S, Qi Y, Zhang H, He W, Zhou Q, Gui S, Wang Y. Melatonin inhibits cell growth and migration, but promotes apoptosis in gastric cancer cell line, SGC7901. Biotech Histochem 2013; 88:281-9. [PMID: 23477595 DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2013.769633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pineal hormone, melatonin (MLT), has been shown to have therapeutic effects in patients with gastric cancer; however, the mechanisms for the anti-cancer effects are unknown. We investigated the effects of melatonin on cell proliferation, apoptosis, colony formation and cell migration in the gastric adenocarcinoma cell line, SGC7901, using MTT assay, Hoechst 33258 staining, flow cytometry, western blot, caspase-3 activity assay, soft agar colony formation assay, and scratch-wound assay. Our results showed that melatonin could inhibit cell proliferation, colony formation and migration efficiency, and it promoted apoptosis of SGC7901 cells. Our findings suggest that the anti-cancer effects of melatonin may be due to both inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and reduction of the metastatic potential of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, PR China
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12
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Kontek R, Nowicka H. The modulatory effect of melatonin on genotoxicity of irinotecan in healthy human lymphocytes and cancer cells. Drug Chem Toxicol 2012; 36:335-42. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2012.737805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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13
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Zupančič D, Ovčak Z, Vidmar G, Romih R. Altered expression of UPIa, UPIb, UPII, and UPIIIa during urothelial carcinogenesis induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine in rats. Virchows Arch 2011; 458:603-13. [PMID: 21301865 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-011-1045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In normal urothelium, superficial umbrella cells express four major integral membrane proteins, uroplakins UPIa, UPIb, UPII, and UPIIIa, which compose urothelial plaques. In the apical plasma membrane, urothelial plaques form microridges. During neoplastic changes, microridges are replaced by microvilli, while uroplakin expression is retained. We correlated individual uroplakin expression with apical plasma membrane structure, cytokeratin 20 expression, and urothelial cell proliferation (Ki-67). Male Wistar rats were treated with 0.05% N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) in drinking water, which caused flat hyperplasia with mild dysplasia, low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma, invasive low- and high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma and invasive squamous cell carcinoma with extensive keratinization, grade 2. During urothelial carcinogenesis, UPII expression was the most decreased in all urothelial lesions, while UPIa, UPIb, and UPIIIa expression was differently altered in different types of lesions. Superficial cells were covered with microvilli and ropy ridges, while microridges were disappearing. The expression of cytokeratin 20 was decreased and limited to superficial urothelial cells. Proliferation indices were increased, except for invasive squamous cell carcinoma with extensive keratinization. Our results indicate that during urothelial carcinogenesis the expression of UPII is diminished, suggesting that UPIb/UPIIIa heterodimer can still be formed, while heterodimer UPIa/UPII formation is disrupted. Correlation between decreased level of UPII expression and changed apical plasma membrane structure suggests that diminished expression of UPII hinders the urothelial plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daša Zupančič
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Lipičeva 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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14
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Tripathi DN, Jena GB. Effect of melatonin on the expression of Nrf2 and NF-kappaB during cyclophosphamide-induced urinary bladder injury in rat. J Pineal Res 2010; 48:324-31. [PMID: 20433640 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2010.00756.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Urotoxicity is one of the major problems associated with cyclophosphamide (CP) chemotherapy in cancer patients. Melatonin is a potent antioxidant and reduces CP-induced urotoxicity. However, the molecular mechanisms of protection offered by melatonin are not yet clear. The present study investigated the role of nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) on melatonin-mediated protection against CP-induced urotoxicity. CP was administered intraperitoneally at the dose of 150 mg/kg to induce urotoxicity in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Melatonin treatment (10 mg/kg) was initiated 3 days before and continued for 1 day after the CP administration. Melatonin treatment reduced the CP-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in the urinary bladder as observed by abrogation in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and glutathione levels as well as comet and modified comet assay parameters. Melatonin treatment reduced the bladder damage and apoptosis as observed by histological analysis and TUNEL assay. Melatonin increased the expression of transcription factor Nrf2 as well as associated phase-II enzymes NADPH: quinone oxidoreductase-1 and heme oxygenase-1. Further melatonin treatment reduced the expression of transcription factor NF-kappaB. The results of the present study provide evidence that melatonin treatment favorably alters Nrf2 and NF-kappaB expression and, this appears to be at least in part responsible for observed protection against CP-induced urotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Tripathi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mohali, Punjab, India
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Chung S, Kang DO, Yamzon J, Warburton D, Koh CJ. O-GlcNAc mediated glycosylation down-regulation in mice with cyclophosphamide induced cystitis. J Urol 2010; 183:351-6. [PMID: 19914650 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2009.08.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cyclophosphamide induced cystitis is an established model for the study of bladder injury and wound healing. Glycosylation is an important modification mechanism that regulates the structure and function of secreted proteins and growth factors from inflammation sites. We determined the effect of cyclophosphamide induced cystitis on O-GlcNAc mediated glycosylation in the bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cystitis in WT C57BL6 mice was induced with intraperitoneal cyclophosphamide. Retrieved bladders were analyzed using histology, immunohistochemistry, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot for glycosylation associated factors. RESULTS Acute bladder injury was seen up to 168 hours (7 days) after injection. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction revealed down-regulation of O-GlcNAc transferase, a key enzyme in O-GlcNAc mediated glycosylation, at the 8, 48 and 168-hour time points. Also, the glycosidase menangioma expressed antigen 5 was up-regulated at similar time points. Western blot analysis revealed decreased glycosylated protein during cyclophosphamide induced inflammation. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge we report the first study of alterations in O-GlcNAc mediated glycosylation activity in bladders with cyclophosphamide induced cystitis. Glycosylation may have a significant role in the bladder wound healing process. Future studies of the glycosylation signaling pathways in the bladder would assist in future potential therapy for bladder inflammatory disease and cancer by elucidating pathways that guide bladder development and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyung Chung
- Developmental Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Surgery Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Reiter RJ, Paredes SD, Manchester LC, Tan DX. Reducing oxidative/nitrosative stress: a newly-discovered genre for melatonin. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2009; 44:175-200. [PMID: 19635037 DOI: 10.1080/10409230903044914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of melatonin and its derivatives as antioxidants has stimulated a very large number of studies which have, virtually uniformly, documented the ability of these molecules to detoxify harmful reactants and reduce molecular damage. These observations have clear clinical implications given that numerous age-related diseases in humans have an important free radical component. Moreover, a major theory to explain the processes of aging invokes radicals and their derivatives as causative agents. These conditions, coupled with the loss of melatonin as organisms age, suggest that some diseases and some aspects of aging may be aggravated by the diminished melatonin levels in advanced age. Another corollary of this is that the administration of melatonin, which has an uncommonly low toxicity profile, could theoretically defer the progression of some diseases and possibly forestall signs of aging. Certainly, research in the next decade will help to define the role of melatonin in age-related diseases and in determining successful aging. While increasing life span will not necessarily be a goal of these investigative efforts, improving health and the quality of life in the aged should be an aim of this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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Melatonin prevents the development of hyperplastic urothelium induced by repeated doses of cyclophosphamide. Virchows Arch 2009; 454:657-66. [PMID: 19381685 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-009-0765-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Revised: 02/14/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Repeated cyclophosphamide (CP) chemotherapy increases the risk of developing bladder cancer, which could be due to the extremely rapid proliferation of urothelial cells observed in hyperplastic urothelium induced by CP treatment. We investigated the effect of melatonin on the development of urothelial hyperplasia induced by repeated CP treatment. Male ICR mice were injected with CP (150 mg/kg) or melatonin (10 mg/kg) with CP once a week for 3, 4 and 5 weeks. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were used to study the ultrastructure, apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation of urothelial cells. Repeated doses of CP caused the development of hyperplastic urothelium with up to ten cell layers and increased proliferation and apoptotic indices regarding Ki-67 and active caspase-3 immunohistochemistry, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy observations, cytokeratin and asymmetrical unit membrane immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis showed a lower differentiation state of superficial urothelial cells. Melatonin co-treatment prevented the development of hyperplastic urothelium, statistically significantly decreased proliferation and apoptotic indices after four and five doses of CP and caused higher differentiation state of superficial urothelial cells.
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Hudoklin S, Zupancic D, Romih R. Maturation of the Golgi apparatus in urothelial cells. Cell Tissue Res 2009; 336:453-63. [PMID: 19370362 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-009-0779-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation of urothelial cells is characterized by the synthesis of uroplakins and their assembly into the asymmetric unit membrane. The Golgi apparatus (GA) has been proposed to play a central role in asymmetric unit membrane formation. We have studied the distribution and organization of the GA in normal mouse urothelial cells and in the superficial urothelial cells that undergo differentiation following cyclophosphamide-induced regeneration, in correlation with urothelial cell differentiation. In normal urothelium, immature basal cells have a simple GA, which is small and distributed close to the nucleus. In intermediate cells, the GA starts to expand into the cytoplasm, whereas the GA of terminally differentiated umbrella cells is complex, being large and spread over the whole basal half of the cytoplasm. During early stages of regeneration after cyclophosphamide treatment, the GA of superficial cells is simple and no markers of urothelial differentiation (uroplakins or asymmetric unit membranes, discoidal or fusiform vesicles, apical surface covered with microvilli) are expressed. At a later stage, the GA expands and, in the final stage of regeneration, when cells express all markers of terminal urothelial differentiation, the GA become complex once again. Our results show that: (1) GA distribution and organization in urothelial cells is differentiation-dependent; (2) the GA matures from a simple form in partially differentiated cells to a complex form in terminally differentiated superficial cells; (3) major rearrangements of GA distribution and organization correlate with the beginning of asymmetric unit membrane production. Thus, GA maturation seems to be crucial for asymmetric unit membrane formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samo Hudoklin
- Institute of Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Lipiceva 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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