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Tain YL, Hsu CN. Melatonin Use during Pregnancy and Lactation Complicated by Oxidative Stress: Focus on Offspring's Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Health in Animal Models. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:226. [PMID: 38397824 PMCID: PMC10886428 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome has emerged as a major global public health concern, posing a substantial threat to human health. Early-life exposure to oxidative stress may heighten vulnerability to the developmental programming of adult diseases, encompassing various aspects of CKM syndrome. Conversely, the initiation of adverse programming processes can potentially be thwarted through early-life antioxidant interventions. Melatonin, originally recognized for its antioxidant properties, is an endogenous hormone with diverse biological functions. While melatonin has demonstrated benefits in addressing disorders linked to oxidative stress, there has been comparatively less focus on investigating its reprogramming effects on CKM syndrome. This review consolidates the current knowledge on the role of oxidative stress during pregnancy and lactation in inducing CKM traits in offspring, emphasizing the underlying mechanisms. The multifaceted role of melatonin in regulating oxidative stress, mediating fetal programming, and preventing adverse outcomes in offspring positions it as a promising reprogramming strategy. Currently, there is a lack of sufficient information in humans, and the available evidence primarily originates from animal studies. This opens up new avenues for novel preventive intervention in CKM syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Tain
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Garioud ALDB, Andersen LPK, Jensen AKG, Do HQ, Jakobsen JC, Holst LB, Rasmussen LS, Afshari A. Intravenous MELAtonin for prevention of Postoperative Agitation and Emergence Delirium in children (MELA-PAED): A protocol and statistical analysis plan for a randomized clinical trial. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2024; 68:280-286. [PMID: 37904610 DOI: 10.1111/aas.14342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emergence agitation and delirium in children remain a common clinical challenge in the post-anesthetic care unit. Preoperative oral melatonin has been suggested as an effective preventive drug with a favorable safety profile. The oral bioavailability of melatonin, however, is low. Therefore, the MELA-PAED trial aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of intraoperative intravenous melatonin for the prevention of emergence agitation in pediatric surgical patients. METHODS MELA-PAED is a randomized, double-blind, parallel two-arm, multi-center, superiority trial comparing intravenous melatonin with placebo. Four hundred participants aged 1-6 years will be randomized 1:1 to either the intervention or placebo. The intervention consists of intravenous melatonin 0.15 mg/kg administered approximately 30 min before the end of surgery. Participants will be monitored in the post-anesthetic care unit (PACU), and the Post Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire for Ambulatory Surgery (PHBQ-AS) will be performed on days 1, 7, and 14 after the intervention. Serious Adverse Events (SAE) will be assessed up to 30 days after the intervention. RESULTS The primary outcome is the incidence of emergence agitation, assessed dichotomously as any Watcha score >2 during the participant's stay in the post-anesthetic care unit. Secondary outcomes are opioid consumption in the post-anesthetic care unit and adverse events. Exploratory outcomes include SAEs, postoperative pain, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and time to awakening, to first oral intake, and to discharge readiness. CONCLUSION The MELA-PAED trial investigates the efficacy of intravenous intraoperative melatonin for the prevention of emergence agitation in pediatric surgical patients. Results may provide further knowledge concerning the use of melatonin in pediatric perioperative care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Louise de Barros Garioud
- Department of Anesthesiology, Juliane Marie Center, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Peter Kloster Andersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Aksel Karl Georg Jensen
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hien Quoc Do
- Department of Anesthesiology, Juliane Marie Center, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janus Christian Jakobsen
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars Broksø Holst
- Department of Anesthesiology, Juliane Marie Center, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Arash Afshari
- Department of Anesthesiology, Juliane Marie Center, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jacobson JL, Tylka J, Glazer S, Zhang Y, Cosme R, Silvestri JM, Patwari PP. Melatonin Use in Pediatric Intensive Care Units: A Single-Center Experience. Med Sci (Basel) 2023; 11:55. [PMID: 37755159 PMCID: PMC10534299 DOI: 10.3390/medsci11030055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that altered melatonin secretion during critical illness may influence the quality and quantity of sleep, delirium, and overall recovery. However, limited data exist regarding the use of melatonin in pediatric critical illness. Data were reviewed over a 5-year period at a tertiary pediatric intensive care unit for pediatric patients (ages 0-18 years) who were prescribed melatonin with the aim of identifying the frequency of and indications for use. Data collection included the hospital day of initiation, the dose, the frequency, the duration of use, and the length of stay. The results demonstrate that melatonin was infrequently prescribed (6.0% of patients admitted; n = 182) and that the majority of patients received melatonin as continuation of home medication (46%; n = 83 of 182). This group had significantly earlier melatonin use (0.9 ± 2.3 day of hospitalization; p < 0.0001) and significantly reduced lengths of stay compared to the other groups (mean LOS 7.2 ± 9.3 days; p < 0.0001). Frequently, clear documentation of indication for melatonin use was absent (20%; n = 37). In conclusion, given that melatonin is infrequently used within a tertiary PICU with the most common indication as the continuation of home medication, and often without clear documentation for indication, this presents an opportunity to emphasize a more attentive and strategic approach regarding melatonin use in the PICU population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Jacobson
- Department of Pharmacy, Rush University Medical Center (RUMC), Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Joanna Tylka
- Department of Pediatrics, RUMC, Rush University Children’s Hospital, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (J.T.)
| | - Savannah Glazer
- Department of Pediatrics, RUMC, Rush University Children’s Hospital, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (J.T.)
| | - Yanyu Zhang
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, RUMC, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Rosario Cosme
- Department of Psychiatry, RUMC, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jean M. Silvestri
- Department of Pediatrics, RUMC, Rush University Children’s Hospital, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (J.T.)
| | - Pallavi P. Patwari
- Department of Pediatrics, RUMC, Rush University Children’s Hospital, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (J.T.)
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Tang KS, Ho CY, Hsu CN, Tain YL. Melatonin and Kidney Health: From Fetal Stage to Later Life. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098105. [PMID: 37175813 PMCID: PMC10179476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, an endogenous hormone mainly released at night by the pineal gland, has multifaceted biofunctions. Emerging evidence points to melatonin having a crucial role in kidney health and disease. As the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is still rising, a superior strategy to advance global kidney health is needed to not just treat CKD, but prevent it early on. Adult kidney disease can have its origins in early life. This review aims to evaluate the recent literature regarding melatonin's effect on kidney development, its clinical uses in the early stage of life, animal models documenting preventive applications of melatonin on offspring's kidney-related disease, and a thorough summary of therapeutic considerations concerning melatonin supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Shu Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Ho
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Feng Shan Hospital-Under the Management of Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Kaohsiung 830, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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Moon E, Lee JH. Safety issues regarding melatonin use in child and adolescent patients with sleep problems. KOSIN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.7180/kmj.22.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have reported that melatonin may be effective in treating sleep problems in children and adolescents. However, evidence regarding the safety of melatonin use in children and adolescents in their growth and developmental stages is warranted. Therefore, we aimed to summarize the literature on the safety of melatonin use in children and adolescents with insomnia and sleep disturbances. According to existing evidence, there are no serious adverse effects of long-term melatonin use in children and adolescents. The common adverse effects reported in long-term studies are fatigue, somnolence, and mood swings. In addition, there is no evidence that long-term use of melatonin inhibits the natural secretion of melatonin. It is necessary to monitor potential drug interactions with medications such as inhibitors and enhancers of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2). Furthermore, low CYP1A2 expression in young children requires proper dose adjustment. Although sufficient experience of melatonin use in children and adolescents has yet to be attained, accumulating evidence suggests that the use of melatonin in children and adolescents with sleep problems might be effective and tolerable. Considering the abuse or overdose risk of hypnotics or benzodiazepines, melatonin supplements may be a good therapeutic alternative. Future studies on the long-term safety of melatonin for physiological and mental function in children and adolescents are required to establish certainty about melatonin use in children and adolescents.
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Bonuccelli A, Santangelo A, Castelli F, Magherini G, Volpi E, Costa E, Alesci E, Massimetti G, Operto FF, Peroni DG, Orsini A. Efficacy of Liposomal Melatonin in sleep EEG in Childhood: A Double Blind Case Control Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:552. [PMID: 36612875 PMCID: PMC9819026 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) is pivotal in the clinical assessment of epilepsy, and sleep is known to improve the diagnostic yield of its recording. Sleep-EEG recording is generally reached by either partial deprivation or by administration of sleep-inducing agents, although it is still not achieved in a considerable percentage of patients. We conducted a double-blind placebo-controlled study, involving a hundred patients between 1 and 6 years old, randomized into two groups: Group 1 received liposomal melatonin (melatosome) whereas Group 2 received a placebo. Sleep latency (SL), defined as the time span between the onset of a well-established posterior dominant rhythm, considered as a frequency of 3 to 4 Hz, increasing to 4-5 Hz by the age of 6 months, to 5-7 Hz by 12 months, and finally to 8 Hz by 3 years, and the first EEG sleep figures detected, were measured for each patient. A significant difference in SL was observed (10.8 ± 5 vs. 18.1 ± 13.4 min, p-value = 0.002). Within each group, no differences in sleep latency were detected between genders. Furthermore, no difference in EEG abnormality detection was observed between the two groups. Our study confirmed the efficacy and safety of melatonin administration in sleep induction. Nonetheless, liposomal melatonin presents a greater bioavailability, ensuring a faster effect and allowing lower dosages. Such results, never before reported in the literature, suggest that the routine employment of melatonin might improve clinical practice in neurophysiology, reducing unsuccessful recordings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Bonuccelli
- Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital of Pisa, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Santangelo
- Pediatric Clinic, University Hospital of Pisa, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Castelli
- Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital of Pisa, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Magherini
- Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital of Pisa, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Volpi
- Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital of Pisa, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Costa
- Pediatric Clinic, University Hospital of Pisa, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Alesci
- Pediatric Clinic, University Hospital of Pisa, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Massimetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Felicia Operto
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Diego Giampiero Peroni
- Pediatric Clinic, University Hospital of Pisa, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Orsini
- Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital of Pisa, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Iesanu MI, Zahiu CDM, Dogaru IA, Chitimus DM, Pircalabioru GG, Voiculescu SE, Isac S, Galos F, Pavel B, O’Mahony SM, Zagrean AM. Melatonin-Microbiome Two-Sided Interaction in Dysbiosis-Associated Conditions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2244. [PMID: 36421432 PMCID: PMC9686962 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a pineal indolamine, allegedly known as a circadian rhythm regulator, and an antioxidative and immunomodulatory molecule. In both experimental and clinical trials, melatonin has been shown to have positive effects in various pathologies, as a modulator of important biochemical pathways including inflammation, oxidative stress, cell injury, apoptosis, and energy metabolism. The gut represents one of melatonin's most abundant extra pineal sources, with a 400-times-higher concentration than the pineal gland. The importance of the gut microbial community-namely, the gut microbiota, in multiple critical functions of the organism- has been extensively studied throughout time, and its imbalance has been associated with a variety of human pathologies. Recent studies highlight a possible gut microbiota-modulating role of melatonin, with possible implications for the treatment of these pathologies. Consequently, melatonin might prove to be a valuable and versatile therapeutic agent, as it is well known to elicit positive functions on the microbiota in many dysbiosis-associated conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease, chronodisruption-induced dysbiosis, obesity, and neuropsychiatric disorders. This review intends to lay the basis for a deeper comprehension of melatonin, gut microbiota, and host-health subtle interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Ioana Iesanu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pediatrics, Marie Curie Emergency Children’s Hospital, 041451 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Denise Mihaela Zahiu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana-Alexandra Dogaru
- Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Diana Maria Chitimus
- Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gratiela Gradisteanu Pircalabioru
- Section Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independentei Street, District 5, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Suzana Elena Voiculescu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sebastian Isac
- Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care I, ‘Fundeni’ Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Felicia Galos
- Department of Pediatrics, Marie Curie Emergency Children’s Hospital, 041451 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pediatrics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Pavel
- Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Siobhain M. O’Mahony
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
| | - Ana-Maria Zagrean
- Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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Hardeland R. Redox Biology of Melatonin: Discriminating Between Circadian and Noncircadian Functions. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:704-725. [PMID: 35018802 PMCID: PMC9587799 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin has not only to be seen as a regulator of circadian clocks. In addition to its chronobiotic functions, it displays other actions, especially in cell protection. This includes antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and mitochondria-protecting effects. Although protection is also modulated by the circadian system, the respective actions of melatonin can be distinguished and differ with regard to dose requirements in therapeutic settings. It is the aim of this article to outline these differences in terms of function, signaling, and dosage. Focus has been placed on both the nexus and the dissecting properties between circadian and noncircadian mechanisms. This has to consider details beyond the classic view of melatonin's role, such as widespread synthesis in extrapineal tissues, formation in mitochondria, effects on the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, and secondary signaling, for example, via upregulation of sirtuins and by regulating noncoding RNAs, especially microRNAs. The relevance of these findings, the differences and connections between circadian and noncircadian functions of melatonin shed light on the regulation of inflammation, including macrophage/microglia polarization, damage-associated molecular patterns, avoidance of cytokine storms, and mitochondrial functions, with numerous consequences to antioxidative protection, that is, aspects of high actuality with regard to deadly viral and bacterial diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 704-725.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Hardeland
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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Yadav K, Garg S, Singh AK, Singh S, Singh Parmar A, Rosy. Protein nano Dots conjugated AuNP, poly-Lysine biointerface for the selective voltammetric estimation of Melatonin in pharmaceutical and food samples. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Tain YL, Hsu CN. Developmental and Early Life Origins of Hypertension: Preventive Aspects of Melatonin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:924. [PMID: 35624788 PMCID: PMC9138087 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension represents a major disease burden worldwide. Abundant evidence suggests that hypertension can originate in early life. Adverse programming processes can be prevented by early life intervention-namely, reprogramming-to avoid developing chronic diseases later in life. Melatonin is an endogenously produced hormone with a multifaceted biological function. Although melatonin supplementation has shown benefits for human health, less attention has been paid to exploring its reprogramming effects on the early life origins of hypertension. In this review, first, we discuss the physiological roles of melatonin in pregnancy, fetal development, and the regulation of blood pressure. Then, we summarize the epidemiological and experimental evidence for the early life origins of hypertension. This is followed by a description of the animal models used to examine early melatonin therapy as a reprogramming strategy to protect against the early life origins of hypertension. A deeper understanding of the developmental programming of hypertension and recent advances in early melatonin intervention might provide a path forward in reducing the global burden of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Lim S, Park S, Koyanagi A, Yang JW, Jacob L, Yon DK, Lee SW, Kim MS, Il Shin J, Smith L. Effects of exogenous melatonin supplementation on health outcomes: An umbrella review of meta-analyses based on randomized controlled trials. Pharmacol Res 2022; 176:106052. [PMID: 34999224 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Various melatonin supplementations have been developed to improve health outcomes in various clinical conditions. Thus, we sought to evaluate and summarize the effect of melatonin treatments in clinical settings for health outcomes. We searched PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library from inception to 4 February 2021. We included meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials investigating the melatonin intervention for any health outcome. Based on the different effect sizes of each meta-analysis, we calculated random models' standardized mean differences or risk ratios. We observed robust evidence supported by statistical significance with non-considerable heterogeneity between studies for sleep-related problems, cancer, surgical patients, and pregnant women. Patients with sleep disorder, sleep onset latency (SMD 0.33, 95% CI: 0.10 - 0.56, P < 0.01) were significantly improved whereas no clear evidence was shown with sleep efficiency (1.10, 95% CI: -0.26 to 2.45). The first analgesic requirement time (SMD 5.81, 95% CI: 2.57-9.05, P < 0.001) of surgical patients was distinctly improved. Female patients under artificial reproductive technologies had significant increase in the top-quality embryos (SMD 0.53, 95% CI: 0.27 - 0.79, P < 0.001), but no statistically clear evidence was found in the live birth rate (SMD 1.20, 95% CI: 0.83 - 1.72). Survival at one year (RR 1.90, 95% CI: 1.28 - 2.83, P < 0.005) significantly increased with cancer patients. Research on melatonin interventions to treat clinical symptoms and sleep problems among diverse health conditions was identified and provided considerable evidence. Future well-designed randomized clinical trials of high quality and subgroup quantitative analyses are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojin Lim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyeon Park
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain; Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona 08830, Spain
| | - Jae Won Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona 08830, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Won Lee
- Department of Data Science, Sejong University College of Software Convergence, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seo Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Lee Smith
- Cambridge Centre for Health, Performance, and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
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DeFreitas MJ, Katsoufis CP, Benny M, Young K, Kulandavelu S, Ahn H, Sfakianaki A, Abitbol CL. Educational Review: The Impact of Perinatal Oxidative Stress on the Developing Kidney. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:853722. [PMID: 35844742 PMCID: PMC9279889 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.853722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species and antioxidant systems. The interplay between these complex processes is crucial for normal pregnancy and fetal development; however, when oxidative stress predominates, pregnancy related complications and adverse fetal programming such as preterm birth ensues. Understanding how oxidative stress negatively impacts outcomes for the maternal-fetal dyad has allowed for the exploration of antioxidant therapies to prevent and/or mitigate disease progression. In the developing kidney, the negative impact of oxidative stress has also been noted as it relates to the development of hypertension and kidney injury mostly in animal models. Clinical research addressing the implications of oxidative stress in the developing kidney is less developed than that of the neurodevelopmental and respiratory conditions of preterm infants and other vulnerable neonatal groups. Efforts to study the oxidative stress pathway along the continuum of the perinatal period using a team science approach can help to understand the multi-organ dysfunction that the maternal-fetal dyad sustains and guide the investigation of antioxidant therapies to ameliorate the global toxicity. This educational review will provide a comprehensive and multidisciplinary perspective on the impact of oxidative stress during the perinatal period in the development of maternal and fetal/neonatal complications, and implications on developmental programming of accelerated aging and cardiovascular and renal disease for a lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa J DeFreitas
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Batchelor Children's Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Chryso P Katsoufis
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Batchelor Children's Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Merline Benny
- Department of Pediatrics, Batchelor Children's Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Karen Young
- Department of Pediatrics, Batchelor Children's Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Shathiyah Kulandavelu
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Hyunyoung Ahn
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Anna Sfakianaki
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Carolyn L Abitbol
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Batchelor Children's Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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13
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Potentiating the Benefits of Melatonin through Chemical Functionalization: Possible Impact on Multifactorial Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111584. [PMID: 34769013 PMCID: PMC8583879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although melatonin is an astonishing molecule, it is possible that chemistry will help in the discovery of new compounds derived from it that may exceed our expectations regarding antioxidant protection and perhaps even neuroprotection. This review briefly summarizes the significant amount of data gathered to date regarding the multiple health benefits of melatonin and related compounds. This review also highlights some of the most recent directions in the discovery of multifunctional pharmaceuticals intended to act as one-molecule multiple-target drugs with potential use in multifactorial diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. Herein, we discuss the beneficial activities of melatonin derivatives reported to date, in addition to computational strategies to rationally design new derivatives by functionalization of the melatonin molecular framework. It is hoped that this review will promote more investigations on the subject from both experimental and theoretical perspectives.
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14
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Bannerman BP, Júlvez J, Oarga A, Blundell TL, Moreno P, Floto RA. Integrated human/SARS-CoV-2 metabolic models present novel treatment strategies against COVID-19. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:e202000954. [PMID: 34353886 PMCID: PMC8343166 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is currently responsible for more than 3 million deaths in 219 countries across the world and with more than 140 million cases. The absence of FDA-approved drugs against SARS-CoV-2 has highlighted an urgent need to design new drugs. We developed an integrated model of the human cell and SARS-CoV-2 to provide insight into the virus' pathogenic mechanism and support current therapeutic strategies. We show the biochemical reactions required for the growth and general maintenance of the human cell, first, in its healthy state. We then demonstrate how the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the human cell causes biochemical and structural changes, leading to a change of cell functions or cell death. A new computational method that predicts 20 unique reactions as drug targets from our models and provides a platform for future studies on viral entry inhibition, immune regulation, and drug optimisation strategies. The model is available in BioModels (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/MODEL2007210001) and the software tool, findCPcli, that implements the computational method is available at https://github.com/findCP/findCPcli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget P Bannerman
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity, Paris, France
| | - Jorge Júlvez
- Department of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alexandru Oarga
- Department of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Tom L Blundell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pablo Moreno
- EMBL-EBI, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - R Andres Floto
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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15
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Swedrowska M, Ingham S, Tomlin S, Forbes B. Recommendations for crushing Circadin® (melatonin) tablets for safe and reliable delivery via pediatric nasogastric tubes. Int J Pharm 2020; 594:120151. [PMID: 33338568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is an important drug in pediatric medicine which often requires delivery through a narrow bore nasogastric tube (e.g. FR6; 1300 µm internal diameter) for patients that cannot swallow tablets. Although Circadin® 2 mg tablets are often crushed for nasogastric delivery, there is an absence of evidence for the effectiveness of different methods for producing powders that can be administered without risk of blocking nasogastric tubes. Our aim was to develop a robust protocol for crushing Circadin tablets and suspending the powder for safe administration via paediatric nasogastric tubes. Circadin tablets were crushed using four different tablet crushers. For comparison, a pestle and mortar and tablespoon were also used to crush tablets as these techniques are also used in clinical practice. The particle size of powders resulting from different crushing maneuvers was evaluated using sieve analysis, laser diffraction and image-based sizing methods. For all the tablet crushers, five operations produced powders with irregular-shaped individual particles less than 500 µm diameter. A protocol termed 'King's 5-5-5' was developed for tablet crushers: powder obtained after 5 crushes was suspended in 5 mL water and delivered through NG tubes with pre and post-administration flushing with 5 mL water. This protocol is simple, low cost, uses readily available materials and enables the safe and reliable delivery of melatonin to paediatric patients without the fear of blocking nasogastric tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Swedrowska
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, King's Health Partners, London, UK.
| | - Steve Ingham
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, King's Health Partners, London, UK.
| | - Stephen Tomlin
- Pharmacy Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children, London, UK.
| | - Ben Forbes
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, King's Health Partners, London, UK.
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16
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Rysz J, Franczyk B, Ławiński J, Gluba-Brzózka A. Oxidative Stress in ESRD Patients on Dialysis and the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111079. [PMID: 33153174 PMCID: PMC7693989 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is highly prevalent worldwide. The decline of renal function is associated with inadequate removal of a variety of uremic toxins that exert detrimental effects on cells functioning, thus affecting the cardiovascular system. The occurrence of cardiovascular aberrations in CKD is related to the impact of traditional risk factors and non-traditional CKD-associated risk factors, including anemia; inflammation; oxidative stress; the presence of some uremic toxins; and factors related to the type, frequency of dialysis and the composition of dialysis fluid. Cardiovascular diseases are the most frequent cause for the deaths of patients with all stages of renal failure. The kidney is one of the vital sources of antioxidant enzymes, therefore, the impairment of this organ is associated with decreased levels of these enzymes as well as increased levels of pro-oxidants. Uremic toxins have been shown to play a vital role in the onset of oxidative stress. Hemodialysis itself also enhances oxidative stress. Elevated oxidative stress has been demonstrated to be strictly related to kidney and cardiac damage as it aggravates kidney dysfunction and induces cardiac hypertrophy. Antioxidant therapies may prove to be beneficial since they can decrease oxidative stress, reduce uremic cardiovascular toxicity and improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Łódź, Poland; (J.R.); (B.F.)
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Łódź, Poland; (J.R.); (B.F.)
| | - Janusz Ławiński
- Department of Urology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Anna Gluba-Brzózka
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Łódź, Poland; (J.R.); (B.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-639-3750
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17
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Chitimus DM, Popescu MR, Voiculescu SE, Panaitescu AM, Pavel B, Zagrean L, Zagrean AM. Melatonin's Impact on Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Reprogramming in Homeostasis and Disease. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091211. [PMID: 32825327 PMCID: PMC7563541 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing consensus that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of melatonin are of great importance in preserving the body functions and homeostasis, with great impact in the peripartum period and adult life. Melatonin promotes adaptation through allostasis and stands out as an endogenous, dietary, and therapeutic molecule with important health benefits. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of melatonin are intertwined and are exerted throughout pregnancy and later during development and aging. Melatonin supplementation during pregnancy can reduce ischemia-induced oxidative damage in the fetal brain, increase offspring survival in inflammatory states, and reduce blood pressure in the adult offspring. In adulthood, disturbances in melatonin production negatively impact the progression of cardiovascular risk factors and promote cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. The most studied cardiovascular effects of melatonin are linked to hypertension and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, while the most promising ones are linked to regaining control of metabolic syndrome components. In addition, there might be an emerging role for melatonin as an adjuvant in treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19). The present review summarizes and comments on important data regarding the roles exerted by melatonin in homeostasis and oxidative stress and inflammation related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Maria Chitimus
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Functional Sciences, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 010164 Bucharest, Romania; (D.M.C.); (S.E.V.); (B.P.); (L.Z.)
| | - Mihaela Roxana Popescu
- Department of Cardiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Elias University Hospital, 010164 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Suzana Elena Voiculescu
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Functional Sciences, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 010164 Bucharest, Romania; (D.M.C.); (S.E.V.); (B.P.); (L.Z.)
| | - Anca Maria Panaitescu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Filantropia Clinical Hospital, 010164 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Pavel
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Functional Sciences, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 010164 Bucharest, Romania; (D.M.C.); (S.E.V.); (B.P.); (L.Z.)
| | - Leon Zagrean
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Functional Sciences, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 010164 Bucharest, Romania; (D.M.C.); (S.E.V.); (B.P.); (L.Z.)
| | - Ana-Maria Zagrean
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Functional Sciences, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 010164 Bucharest, Romania; (D.M.C.); (S.E.V.); (B.P.); (L.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Light and Circadian Signaling Pathway in Pregnancy: Programming of Adult Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062232. [PMID: 32210175 PMCID: PMC7139376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Light is a crucial environmental signal that affects elements of human health, including the entrainment of circadian rhythms. A suboptimal environment during pregnancy can increase the risk of offspring developing a wide range of chronic diseases in later life. Circadian rhythm disruption in pregnant women may have deleterious consequences for their progeny. In the modern world, maternal chronodisruption can be caused by shift work, jet travel across time zones, mistimed eating, and excessive artificial light exposure at night. However, the impact of maternal chronodisruption on the developmental programming of various chronic diseases remains largely unknown. In this review, we outline the impact of light, the circadian clock, and circadian signaling pathways in pregnancy and fetal development. Additionally, we show how to induce maternal chronodisruption in animal models, examine emerging research demonstrating long-term negative implications for offspring health following maternal chronodisruption, and summarize current evidence related to light and circadian signaling pathway targeted therapies in pregnancy to prevent the development of chronic diseases in offspring.
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19
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Melatonin in der Behandlung von Insomnien und Schlaf-Wach-Rhythmusstörungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter. SOMNOLOGIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11818-019-0210-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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20
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Adverse Events Associated with Melatonin for the Treatment of Primary or Secondary Sleep Disorders: A Systematic Review. CNS Drugs 2019; 33:1167-1186. [PMID: 31722088 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-019-00680-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin is widely available either on prescription for the treatment of sleep disorders or as an over-the-counter dietary supplement. Melatonin has also recently been licensed in the UK for the short-term treatment of jetlag. Little is known about the potential for adverse events (AEs), in particular AEs resulting from long-term use. Concern has been raised over the possible risks of exposure in certain populations including pre-adolescent children and patients with epilepsy or asthma. OBJECTIVES The aim of this systematic review was to assess the evidence for AEs associated with short-term and longer-term melatonin treatment for sleep disorders. METHODS A literature search of the PubMed/Medline database and Google Scholar was conducted to identify randomised, placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) of exogenous melatonin administered for primary or secondary sleep disorders. Studies were included if they reported on both the types and frequencies of AEs. Studies of pre-term infants, studies of < 1 week in duration or involving single doses of melatonin and studies in languages other than English were excluded. Findings from open-label studies that raised concerns relating to AE reports in patients were also examined. Studies were assessed for quality of reporting against the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) checklist and for risk of bias against the Cochrane Collaboration risk-of-bias criteria. RESULTS 37 RCTs met criteria for inclusion. Daily melatonin doses ranged from 0.15 mg to 12 mg. Subjects were monitored for up to 29 weeks, but most studies were of much shorter duration (4 weeks or less). The most frequently reported AEs were daytime sleepiness (1.66%), headache (0.74%), other sleep-related AEs (0.74%), dizziness (0.74%) and hypothermia (0.62%). Very few AEs considered to be serious or of clinical significance were reported. These included agitation, fatigue, mood swings, nightmares, skin irritation and palpitations. Most AEs either resolved spontaneously within a few days with no adjustment in melatonin, or immediately upon withdrawal of treatment. Melatonin was generally regarded as safe and well tolerated. Many studies predated publication of the CONSORT checklist and consequently did not conform closely to the guidelines. Similarly, only eight studies were judged 'good' overall with respect to the Cochrane risk-of-bias criteria. Of the remaining papers, 16 were considered 'fair' and 13 'poor' but publication of almost half of the papers preceded that of the earliest version of the guidelines. CONCLUSION Few, generally mild to moderate, AEs were associated with exogenous melatonin. No AEs that were life threatening or of major clinical significance were identified. The scarcity of evidence from long-term RCTs, however, limits the conclusions regarding the safety of continuous melatonin therapy over extended periods. There are insufficient robust data to allow a meaningful appraisal of concerns that melatonin may result in more clinically significant adverse effects in potentially at-risk populations. Future studies should be designed to comply with appropriate quality standards for RCTs, which most past studies have not.
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21
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Perinatal Use of Melatonin for Offspring Health: Focus on Cardiovascular and Neurological Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225681. [PMID: 31766163 PMCID: PMC6888176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular and neurological diseases can originate in early life. Melatonin, a biologically active substance, acts as a pleiotropic hormone essential for pregnancy and fetal development. Maternal melatonin can easily pass the placenta and provide photoperiodic signals to the fetus. Though melatonin uses in pregnant or lactating women have not yet been recommended, there is a growing body of evidence from animal studies in support of melatonin as a reprogramming strategy to prevent the developmental programming of cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Here, we review several key themes in melatonin use in pregnancy and lactation within offspring health and disease. We have particularly focused on the following areas: the pathophysiological roles of melatonin in pregnancy, lactation, and fetal development; clinical uses of melatonin in fetal and neonatal diseases; experimental evidence supporting melatonin as a reprogramming therapy to prevent cardiovascular and neurological diseases; and reprogramming mechanisms of melatonin within developmental programming. The targeting of melatonin uses in pregnancy and lactation will be valuable in the prevention of various adult chronic diseases in later life, and especially cardiovascular and neurological diseases.
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22
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Jou MJ, Peng TI, Reiter RJ. Protective stabilization of mitochondrial permeability transition and mitochondrial oxidation during mitochondrial Ca 2+ stress by melatonin's cascade metabolites C3-OHM and AFMK in RBA1 astrocytes. J Pineal Res 2019; 66:e12538. [PMID: 30415481 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic 3-hydroxymelatonin (C3-OHM) and N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AFMK) are two major cascade metabolites of melatonin. We previously showed melatonin provides multiple levels of mitochondria-targeted protection beyond as a mitochondrial antioxidant during ionomycin-induced mitochondrial Ca2+ (mCa2+ ) stress in RBA1 astrocytes. Using noninvasive laser scanning fluorescence coupled time-lapse digital imaging microscopy, this study investigated whether C3-OHM and AFMK also provide mitochondrial levels of protection during ionomycin-induced mCa2+ stress in RBA1 astrocytes. Interestingly, precise temporal and spatial dynamic live mitochondrial images revealed that C3-OHM and AFMK prevented specifically mCa2+ -mediated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) formation and hence mROS-mediated depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (△Ψm ) and permanent lethal opening of the MPT (p-MPT). The antioxidative effects of AFMK, however, were less potent than that of C3-OHM. Whether C3-OHM and AFMK targeted directly the MPT was investigated under a condition of "oxidation free-Ca2+ stress" using a classic antioxidant vitamin E to remove mCa2+ -mediated mROS stress and the potential antioxidative effects of C3-OHM and AFMK. Intriguingly, two compounds still effectively postponed "oxidation free-Ca2+ stress"-mediated depolarization of △Ψm and p-MPT. Measurements using a MPT pore-specific indicator Calcein further identified that C3-OHM and AFMK, rather than inhibiting, stabilized the MPT in its transient protective opening mode (t-MPT), a critical mechanism to reduce overloaded mROS and mCa2+ . These multiple layers of mitochondrial protection provided by C3-OHM and AFMK thus crucially allow melatonin to extend its metabolic cascades of mitochondrial protection during mROS- and mCa2+ -mediated MPT-associated apoptotic stresses and may provide therapeutic benefits against astrocyte-mediated neurodegeneration in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Jie Jou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-I Peng
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, Keelung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
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Rodrigues Helmo F, Etchebehere RM, Bernardes N, Meirelles MF, Galvão Petrini C, Penna Rocha L, Gonçalves Dos Reis Monteiro ML, Souza de Oliveira Guimarães C, de Paula Antunes Teixeira V, Dos Reis MA, Machado JR, Miranda Corrêa RR. Melatonin treatment in fetal and neonatal diseases. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:1940-1951. [PMID: 30377024 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This literature review aims to address the main scientific findings on oxidative stress activity in different gestational disorders, as well as the function and application of melatonin in the treatment of fetal and neonatal changes. Oxidative stress has been associated with the etiopathogenesis of recurrent miscarriages, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and stillbirth. Both, the exacerbated consumption of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, and the increased synthesis of reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide, peroxynitrite, and hydrogen peroxide, induce phospholipid peroxidation and endothelial dysfunction, impaired invasion and death of trophoblast cells, impaired decidualization, and remodeling of maternal spiral arteries. It has been postulated that melatonin induces specific biochemical responses that regulate cell proliferation in fetuses, and that its antioxidant action promotes bioavailability of nitric oxide and, thus, placental perfusion and also fetal nutrition and oxygenation. Therefore, the therapeutic action of melatonin has been the subject of major studies that aim to minimize or prevent different injuries affecting this pediatric age group, such as intrauterine growth restriction, encephalopathy, chronic lung diseases, retinopathy of prematurity Conclusion: the results antioxidant and indicate that melatonin is an important therapy for the clinical treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Rodrigues Helmo
- Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renata Margarida Etchebehere
- Surgical Pathology Service, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Natália Bernardes
- Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Flávia Meirelles
- Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Caetano Galvão Petrini
- Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laura Penna Rocha
- Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vicente de Paula Antunes Teixeira
- Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marlene Antônia Dos Reis
- Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana Reis Machado
- Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rosana Rosa Miranda Corrêa
- Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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24
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Galano A, Reiter RJ. Melatonin and its metabolites vs oxidative stress: From individual actions to collective protection. J Pineal Res 2018; 65:e12514. [PMID: 29888508 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) represents a threat to the chemical integrity of biomolecules including lipids, proteins, and DNA. The associated molecular damage frequently results in serious health issues, which justifies our concern about this phenomenon. In addition to enzymatic defense mechanisms, there are compounds (usually referred to as antioxidants) that offer chemical protection against oxidative events. Among them, melatonin and its metabolites constitute a particularly efficient chemical family. They offer protection against OS as individual chemical entities through a wide variety of mechanisms including electron transfer, hydrogen transfer, radical adduct formation, and metal chelation, and by repairing biological targets. In fact, many of them including melatonin can be classified as multipurpose antioxidants. However, what seems to be unique to the melatonin's family is their collective effects. Because the members of this family are metabolically related, most of them are expected to be present in living organisms wherever melatonin is produced. Therefore, the protection exerted by melatonin against OS may be viewed as a result of the combined antioxidant effects of the parent molecule and its metabolites. Melatonin's family is rather exceptional in this regard, offering versatile and collective antioxidant protection against OS. It certainly seems that melatonin is one of the best nature's defenses against oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annia Galano
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México City, México
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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25
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Javaherforooshzadeh F, Amirpour I, Janatmakan F, Soltanzadeh M. Comparison of Effects of Melatonin and Gabapentin on Post Operative Anxiety and Pain in Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Anesth Pain Med 2018; 8:e68763. [PMID: 30214884 PMCID: PMC6119980 DOI: 10.5812/aapm.68763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Surgery is one of the stressors that cause physiological and psychological stress. Anxiety and pain and their complications are very important in anesthesiology and many researches have been done to decrease or eliminate them. This training was done to compare the effect of melatonin and gabapentin on pain and anxiety during lumbar surgery. Methods This study was a double-blinded clinical trial conducted on 90 patients undergoing lumbar surgery with general anesthesia in Golestan Academic Hospital in 2017. Patients were randomly assigned into 3 groups: 30 patients received 6 mg melatonin, 30 patients received 600 mg gabapentin, and 30 patients were on placebo (control), 100 minutes preoperatively. All patients were given a fixed method of anesthesia. The pain intensity and patients’ satisfaction from analgesia measured at 1, 2, 6, 12, and 24 h after surgery. The anxiety was measured 15 minutes before surgery and 1, 2, 6, 12, and 24 h after surgery. Results In our study, there was a significant difference between mean Visual Analog Score between melatonin and gabapentin groups in comparison to placebo (P = 0.02). The intensity of anxiety among the groups was lower in melatonin and gabapentin groups in comparison to placebo (P = 0.01). Conclusions The results show that pretreatment with melatonin or gabapentin decreases anxiety and pain in lumbar surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Javaherforooshzadeh
- Department of Anesthesia, Ahvaz Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Fatemeh Javaherforooshzadeh, Department of Anesthesia, Ahvaz Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Tel: +98-9161114831, Fax: +98-6133743037, E-mail:
| | - Iren Amirpour
- Department of Anesthesia, Ahvaz Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Farahzad Janatmakan
- Department of Anesthesia, Ahvaz Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mansour Soltanzadeh
- Department of Anesthesia, Ahvaz Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Ali T, Rehman SU, Shah FA, Kim MO. Acute dose of melatonin via Nrf2 dependently prevents acute ethanol-induced neurotoxicity in the developing rodent brain. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:119. [PMID: 29679979 PMCID: PMC5911370 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1157-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin is a well-known potent endogenous antioxidant pharmacological agent with significant neuroprotective actions. Here in the current study, we explored the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) gene-dependent antioxidant mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effects of the acute melatonin against acute ethanol-induced elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the developing rodent brain. METHODS In vivo rat pups were co-treated with a single dose of acute ethanol (5 g/kg, subcutaneous (S.C.)) and a single dose of acute melatonin (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (I.P.)). Four hours after a single S.C. and I.P. injections, all of the rat pups were sacrificed for further biochemical (Western blotting, ROS- assay, LPO-assay, and immunohistochemical) analyses. In order to corroborate the in vivo results, we used the in vitro murine-hippocampal HT22 and microglial BV2 cells, which were subjected to knockdown with small interfering RNA (siRNA) of Nrf2 genes and exposed with melatonin (100 μM) and ethanol (100 mM) and proceed for further biochemical analyses. RESULTS Our biochemical, immunohistochemical, and immunofluorescence results demonstrate that acute melatonin significantly upregulated the master endogenous antioxidant Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1, consequently reversing the acute ethanol-induced elevated ROS and oxidative stress in the developing rodent brain, and in the murine-hippocampal HT22 and microglial BV2 cells. In addition, acute melatonin subsequently reduced the activated MAPK-p-P38-JNK pathways and attenuated neuroinflammation by decreasing the expression of activated gliosis and downregulated the p-NF-K-B/p-IKKβ pathway and decreased the expression levels of other inflammatory markers in the developing rodent brain and BV2 cells. Of note, melatonin acted through the Nrf2-dependent mechanism to attenuate neuronal apoptosis in the postnatal rodent brain and HT22 cells. Immunohistofluorescence results also showed that melatonin prevented ethanol-induced neurodegeneration in the developing rodent brain. The in vitro results indicated that melatonin induced neuroprotection via Nrf2-dependent manner and reduced ethanol-induced neurotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS The pleiotropic and potent neuroprotective antioxidant characteristics of melatonin, together with our in vivo and in vitro findings, suppose that acute melatonin could be beneficial to prevent and combat the acute ethanol-induced neurotoxic effects, such as elevated ROS, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in the developing rodent brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Ali
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Shafiq Ur Rehman
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Fawad Ali Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea.
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Reina M, Martínez A. A new free radical scavenging cascade involving melatonin and three of its metabolites (3OHM, AFMK and AMK). COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Hu W, Deng C, Ma Z, Wang D, Fan C, Li T, Di S, Gong B, Reiter RJ, Yang Y. Utilizing melatonin to combat bacterial infections and septic injury. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:754-768. [PMID: 28213968 PMCID: PMC5387000 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, also known as N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, is a ubiquitously acting molecule that is produced by the pineal gland and other organs of animals, including humans. As melatonin and its metabolites are potent antioxidants and free radical scavengers, they are protective against a variety of disorders. Moreover, multiple molecular targets of melatonin have been identified, and its actions are both receptor-mediated and receptor-independent. Recent studies have shown that melatonin may be useful in fighting against sepsis and septic injury due to its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory actions; the results generally indicate a promising therapeutic application for melatonin in the treatment of sepsis. To provide a comprehensive understanding regarding the protective effects of melatonin against septic injury, in the present review we have evaluated the published literature in which melatonin has been used to treat experimental and clinical sepsis. Firstly, we present the evidence from studies that have used melatonin to resist bacterial pathogens. Secondly, we illustrate the protective effect of melatonin against septic injury and discuss the possible mechanisms. Finally, the potential directions for future melatonin research against sepsis are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of Aerospace MedicineThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Dongjin Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
| | - Chongxi Fan
- Department of Aerospace MedicineThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Shouyin Di
- Department of Aerospace MedicineThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Bing Gong
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural BiologyUT Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
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Tain YL, Huang LT, Hsu CN. Developmental Programming of Adult Disease: Reprogramming by Melatonin? Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020426. [PMID: 28212315 PMCID: PMC5343960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult-onset chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) can originate from early life through so-called the "developmental origins of health and disease" (DOHaD) or "developmental programming". The DOHaD concept offers the "reprogramming" strategy to shift the treatment from adulthood to early life, before clinical disease is apparent. Melatonin, an endogenous indoleamine produced by the pineal gland, has pleiotropic bioactivities those are beneficial in a variety of human diseases. Emerging evidence support that melatonin is closely inter-related to other proposed mechanisms contributing to the developmental programming of a variety of chronic NCDs. Recent animal studies have begun to unravel the multifunctional roles of melatonin in many experimental models of developmental programming. Even though some progress has been made in research on melatonin as a reprogramming strategy to prevent DOHaD-related NCDs, future human studies should aim at filling the translational gap between animal models and clinical trials. Here, we review several key themes on the reprogramming effects of melatonin in DOHaD research. We have particularly focused on the following areas: mechanisms of developmental programming; the interrelationship between melatonin and mechanisms underlying developmental programming; pathophysiological roles of melatonin in pregnancy and fetal development; and insight provided by animal models to support melatonin as a reprogramming therapy. Rates of NCDs are increasing faster than anticipated all over the world. Hence, there is an urgent need to understand reprogramming mechanisms of melatonin and to translate experimental research into clinical practice for halting a growing list of DOHaD-related NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Tung Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkow 244, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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Merz EL, Tomfohr-Madsen L. Sleep Disruption in Pediatric Cancer Survivors: Conceptual Framework and Opportunities for Clinical Assessment and Behavioral Treatment. Am J Lifestyle Med 2016; 12:311-323. [PMID: 32063816 DOI: 10.1177/1559827616681725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disruption is a commonly reported consequence of cancer and its treatment in pediatric patients and survivors. This review summarizes common sleep concerns in this population and introduces a multidimensional framework of risk factors specific to childhood cancer that may interact to develop and maintain disrupted sleep. Based on the extant literature, parameters of the cancer and its treatment, physical and social environmental conditions both during and after treatment, changes to family behavior and norms, psychological factors and traumatic stress, and reduced physical activity are hypothesized to be the most pertinent risk factors for disrupted sleep in this population. Potential clinical assessment strategies and behavioral interventions relevant to these considerations are discussed, with reference to the behavioral model of insomnia. The review concludes by offering directions for research and clinical practice, including developing and testing comprehensive assessment tools, intervention effectiveness studies in both oncology and primary care clinics, and efforts to increase patient-provider communication about sleep in pediatric oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Merz
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, California (ELM).,Department of Psychology, University of Calgary and Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (LTM)
| | - Lianne Tomfohr-Madsen
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, California (ELM).,Department of Psychology, University of Calgary and Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (LTM)
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Foster JR. Melatonin in Critically Ill Children. J Pediatr Intensive Care 2016; 5:172-181. [PMID: 31110902 PMCID: PMC6512409 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1583283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, while best known for its chronobiologic functions, has multiple effects that may be relevant in critical illness. It has been used for circadian rhythm maintenance, analgesia, and sedation, and has antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and antiexcitatory effects. This review examines melatonin physiology in health, the current state of knowledge regarding endogenous melatonin production in pediatric critical illness, and the potential uses of exogenous melatonin in this population, including relevant information from basic sciences and other fields of medicine. Pineal melatonin production and secretion appears to be altered in critical illness, though understanding in pediatric critical illness is in early stages, with only 102 children reported in the current literature. Exogenous melatonin may be used for circadian rhythm disturbances and, within the critically ill population, holds promise for diseases involving oxidant stress. There are no studies of exogenous melatonin administration to critically ill children beyond the neonatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Ruth Foster
- Department of Paediatrics, IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Western University, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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Andersen LPH, Gögenur I, Rosenberg J, Reiter RJ. The Safety of Melatonin in Humans. Clin Drug Investig 2015; 36:169-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s40261-015-0368-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Opening the Debate: How to Fulfill the Need for Physicians' Training in Circadian-Related Topics in a Full Medical School Curriculum. J Circadian Rhythms 2015; 13:7. [PMID: 27103933 PMCID: PMC4835682 DOI: 10.5334/jcr.ah] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian rhythms are daily changes in our physiology and behavior that are manifested as patterns of brain wave activity, periodic hormone production, recurring cell regeneration, and other oscillatory biological activities. Their importance to human health is becoming apparent; they are deranged by shift work and jet-lag and in disparate conditions such as insomnia, sleep syndromes, coronary heart attacks, and depression, and are endogenous factors that contribute to cancer development and progression. DISCUSSION As evidence of the circadian connection to human health has grown, so has the number of Americans experiencing disruption of circadian rhythms due to the demands of an industrialized society. Today, there is a growing work force that experiences night shift work and time-zone shifts shaping the demands on physicians to best meet the needs of patients exposed to chronic circadian disruptions. The diverse range of illness associated with altered rhythms suggests that physicians in various fields will see its impact in their patients. However, medical education, with an already full curriculum, struggles to address this issue. SUMMARY Here, we emphasize the need for incorporating the topic of circadian rhythms in the medical curriculum and propose strategies to accomplish this goal.
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Annagür A, Örs R, Altunhan H, Kurban S, Ertuğrul S, Konak M, Uygun SS, Pekcan S, Erbay E, Mehmetoğlu İ. Total antioxidant and total oxidant states, and serum paraoxonase-1 in neonatal sepsis. Pediatr Int 2015; 57:608-13. [PMID: 25488411 DOI: 10.1111/ped.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) is an enzyme with a glycoprotein structure that depends on calcium and which is located in serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The aim of this study was to evaluate PON-1, and oxidant/antioxidant state, before and after treatment for neonatal sepsis, and to determine the usability of PON-1 in neonatal sepsis treatment. METHODS A total of 35 neonatal sepsis patients and 35 healthy controls were included in the study. Activity of PON-1, total oxidant state (TOS) and total antioxidant state (TAS) were measured and oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. RESULTS In the neonatal sepsis patients, pre-treatment TAS, TOS and OSI were significantly higher than the post-treatment levels (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively), and PON-1 was significantly lower (P < 0.0001). Similarly, pre-treatment TAS, TOS and OSI in the sepsis group were also significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively) and PON-1 was significantly lower (P < 0.0001). Post-treatment TAS in the sepsis group was significantly higher than in the control group (P = 0.009), whereas post-treatment TOS, OSI and PON-1 in the sepsis group were not significantly different to the control group (P = 0.078, P = 0.597 and P = 0.086, respectively). CONCLUSION Low serum PON-1 was found in neonatal sepsis. Serum PON-1 is thought to be a useful biomarker to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment and recovery in neonatal sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Annagür
- Department of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Rahmi Örs
- Department of Neonatology, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Altunhan
- Department of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Sevil Kurban
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Sabahattin Ertuğrul
- Department of Neonatology, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Murat Konak
- Department of Neonatology, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Saime Sündüz Uygun
- Department of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Pekcan
- Department of Neonatology, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ekrem Erbay
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - İdris Mehmetoğlu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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Amer MR, Cipriano GC, Venci JV, Gandhi MA. Safety of Popular Herbal Supplements in Lactating Women. J Hum Lact 2015; 31:348-53. [PMID: 25881578 DOI: 10.1177/0890334415580580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The increasing popularity and use of dietary supplements has required health care professionals to become more knowledgeable of their properties, interactions, and adverse effects. The objectives of this review were to evaluate the safety of popular dietary supplements in breastfeeding mothers and the effects on the infants. Nine of the most popular herbal dietary supplements were identified based on the 2011 US market report of the top 10 selling botanicals and the most frequently received inquiries by the Ruth A. Lawrence Lactation Study Center at the University of Rochester Medical Center. Relevant publications were identified through June 2014 using PubMed and EMBASE; tertiary references, including the Drugs and Lactation Database and Natural Medicine Comprehensive Database, were also reviewed. These herbals include black cohosh, cranberry, echinacea, evening primrose, garlic, ginseng, melatonin, milk thistle, and St John's wort. Studies varied greatly with regard to study design, herbal intervention, and outcome measures. Findings suggested that dietary/herbal supplements have not been evaluated in high-quality clinical trials, and there is limited evidence supporting safety of use, particularly among lactating women. Therefore, it is essential for physicians to provide counseling for nursing mothers seeking information on dietary supplements, highlighting reliable safety profiles, inquiring about the potential benefits the patient is seeking, and assessing the patient's perception of this supplement during breastfeeding. More research and clinical trials are required in this area to guide the recommendations and expand our current knowledge of these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa R Amer
- Wegmans School of Pharmacy at St John Fisher College, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Mona A Gandhi
- Wegmans School of Pharmacy at St John Fisher College, Rochester, NY, USA
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Calik M, Oguz E, Sarikaya S, Kandemir H, Yoldas TK. Melatonin Can Be Used to Treat Childhood Breath-Holding Spells. J Child Neurol 2015; 30:1089. [PMID: 25117414 DOI: 10.1177/0883073814542949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Calik
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Harran University School of Medicine, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Elif Oguz
- Department of Pharmacology, Harran University School of Medicine, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Suna Sarikaya
- Department of Neurology, Harran University School of Medicine, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Hasan Kandemir
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Harran University School of Medicine, Sanliurfa, Turkey
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Valproic Acid Influences MTNR1A Intracellular Trafficking and Signaling in a β-Arrestin 2-Dependent Manner. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:1237-1246. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9085-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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El Frargy M, El-Sharkawy HM, Attia GF. Use of melatonin as an adjuvant therapy in neonatal sepsis. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2015; 8:227-32. [PMID: 26485549 DOI: 10.3233/npm-15814072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of melatonin as an adjuvant therapy in treating neonatal sepsis. PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospective clinical trial study was conducted on 50 infants with neonatal sepsis diagnosed on the basis of both clinical and laboratory criteria. Enrolled infants were divided into two groups. Intervention group (n = 25) received melatonin and antibiotics, while the control group (n = 25) was treated with antibiotics only. Melatonin was administered as a single oral dose of 20 mg and antibiotics were administered according to a standard protocol. Both groups were compared using a predefined sepsis score utilizing both clinical and laboratory parameters. RESULTS There was no significant difference in sepsis score between both groups before starting melatonin (p-value = 0.99), while there was significant difference in sepsis score between groups after 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours of starting melatonin with (p-value = 0.008, 0.006 and 0.002, respectively). There was significant improvement sepsis score in both groups with more improvement of sepsis score in the intervention group. CONCLUSION Administration of melatonin as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of neonatal sepsis is associated with improvement of clinical and laboratory outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M El Frargy
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - H M El-Sharkawy
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - G F Attia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
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Pin Arboledas G, Merino Andreu M, de la Calle Cabrera T, Hidalgo Vicario M, Rodríguez Hernández P, Soto Insuga V, Madrid Pérez J. Consenso sobre el uso de melatonina en niños y adolescentes con dificultades para iniciar el sueño. An Pediatr (Barc) 2014; 81:328.e1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Albertini B, Di Sabatino M, Melegari C, Passerini N. Formulating SLMs as oral pulsatile system for potential delivery of melatonin to pediatric population. Int J Pharm 2014; 469:67-79. [PMID: 24768728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The formulation development of melatonin (MLT) for infants and children with neurodevelopmental difficulties was fully investigated. This population have a higher prevalence of sleep disorders and present special challenges for drug administration and swallowing. To solve these issues, solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) were designed to obtain an oral flexible dosage form constituted by GRAS excipients and a free flow pulsatile delivery system for MLT, able to maintain its release through 8h. Three groups of SLMs were produced by spray congealing and characterized as regards particle size, morphology, flowability, solid state, drug content and release behavior. The SLMs manipulation with milk and yogurt and the MLT stability in these foods were also investigated. Microparticles with different excipient composition were selected to obtain a pulsatile release pattern over 8h. The final delivery platform displayed a prompt release from group I SLMs together with a lag phase of groups II and III SLMs, followed by a repeated MLT release from group II and a prolonged MLT release related to the last group. Finally, MLT was compatible and stable in milk and yogurt suggesting that microparticles sprinkled into food is acceptable for MLT administration to children unable to swallow capsules or tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Albertini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, Bologna 40127, Italy.
| | - Marcello Di Sabatino
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, Bologna 40127, Italy
| | - Cecilia Melegari
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, Bologna 40127, Italy
| | - Nadia Passerini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, Bologna 40127, Italy
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Wong CS, Jow GM, Kaizaki A, Fan LW, Tien LT. Melatonin ameliorates brain injury induced by systemic lipopolysaccharide in neonatal rats. Neuroscience 2014; 267:147-56. [PMID: 24613717 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced brain injury in the neonatal rat is associated with nitrosative and oxidative stress. The present study was conducted to examine whether melatonin, an endogenous molecule with antioxidant properties, reduces systemic LPS-induced nitrosative and oxidative damage in the neonatal rat brain. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of LPS (2mg/kg) was administered to Sprague-Dawley rat pups on postnatal day 5 (P5), and i.p. administration of melatonin (20mg/kg) or vehicle was performed 5min after LPS injection. Sensorimotor behavioral tests were performed 24h after LPS exposure, and brain injury was examined after these tests. The results show that systemic LPS exposure resulted in impaired sensorimotor behavioral performance, and acute brain injury, as indicated by the loss of oligodendrocyte immunoreactivity and a decrease in mitochondrial activity in the neonatal rat brain. Melatonin treatment significantly reduced LPS-induced neurobehavioral disturbances and brain damage in neonatal rats. The neuroprotective effect of melatonin was associated with attenuation of LPS-induced nitrosative and oxidative stress, as indicated by the decreased nitrotyrosine- and 4-hydroxynonenal-positive staining in the brain following melatonin and LPS exposure in neonatal rats. Further, melatonin significantly attenuated LPS-induced increases in the number of activated microglia in the neonatal rat brain. The protection provided by melatonin was also associated with a reduced number of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)+ cells, which were double-labeled with ED1 (microglia). Our results show that melatonin prevents the brain injury and neurobehavioral disturbances induced by systemic LPS exposure in neonatal rats, and its neuroprotective effects are associated with its impact on nitrosative and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-S Wong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Xinzhuang Dist., New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan, ROC
| | - G-M Jow
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Xinzhuang Dist., New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan, ROC
| | - A Kaizaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Division of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Shingawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - L-W Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - L-T Tien
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Xinzhuang Dist., New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan, ROC.
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Forcelli PA, Soper C, Duckles A, Gale K, Kondratyev A. Melatonin potentiates the anticonvulsant action of phenobarbital in neonatal rats. Epilepsy Res 2013; 107:217-23. [PMID: 24206906 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Phenobarbital is the most commonly utilized drug for neonatal seizures. However, questions regarding safety and efficacy of this drug make it particularly compelling to identify adjunct therapies that could boost therapeutic benefit. One potential adjunct therapy is melatonin. Melatonin is used clinically in neonatal and pediatric populations, and moreover, it exerts anticonvulsant actions in adult rats. However, it has not been previously evaluated for anticonvulsant effects in neonatal rats. Here, we tested the hypothesis that melatonin would exert anticonvulsant effects, either alone, or in combination with phenobarbital. Postnatal day (P)7 rats were treated with phenobarbital (0-40mg/kg) and/or melatonin (0-80mg/kg) prior to chemoconvulsant challenge with pentylenetetrazole (100mg/kg). We found that melatonin significantly potentiated the anticonvulsant efficacy of phenobarbital, but did not exert anticonvulsant effects on its own. These data provide additional evidence for the further examination of melatonin as an adjunct therapy in neonatal/pediatric epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Forcelli
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, United States.
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Reiter RJ, Rosales-Corral SA, Manchester LC, Tan DX. Peripheral reproductive organ health and melatonin: ready for prime time. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:7231-72. [PMID: 23549263 PMCID: PMC3645684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14047231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin has a wide variety of beneficial actions at the level of the gonads and their adnexa. Some actions are mediated via its classic membrane melatonin receptors while others seem to be receptor-independent. This review summarizes many of the published reports which confirm that melatonin, which is produced in the ovary, aids in advancing follicular maturation and preserving the integrity of the ovum prior to and at the time of ovulation. Likewise, when ova are collected for in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer, treating them with melatonin improves implantation and pregnancy rates. Melatonin synthesis as well as its receptors have also been identified in the placenta. In this organ, melatonin seems to be of particular importance for the maintenance of the optimal turnover of cells in the villous trophoblast via its ability to regulate apoptosis. For male gametes, melatonin has also proven useful in protecting them from oxidative damage and preserving their viability. Incubation of ejaculated animal sperm improves their motility and prolongs their viability. For human sperm as well, melatonin is also a valuable agent for protecting them from free radical damage. In general, the direct actions of melatonin on the gonads and adnexa of mammals indicate it is an important agent for maintaining optimal reproductive physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; E-Mails: (S.A.R.-C.); (L.C.M.); (D.-X.T.)
| | - Sergio A. Rosales-Corral
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; E-Mails: (S.A.R.-C.); (L.C.M.); (D.-X.T.)
| | - Lucien C. Manchester
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; E-Mails: (S.A.R.-C.); (L.C.M.); (D.-X.T.)
| | - Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; E-Mails: (S.A.R.-C.); (L.C.M.); (D.-X.T.)
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Galano A, Tan DX, Reiter RJ. On the free radical scavenging activities of melatonin's metabolites, AFMK and AMK. J Pineal Res 2013; 54:245-57. [PMID: 22998574 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 587] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The reactions of N(1) -acetyl-N(2) -formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AFMK) and N(1) -acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AMK) with (•) OH, (•) OOH, and •OOCCl3 radicals have been studied using the density functional theory. Three mechanisms of reaction have been considered: radical adduct formation (RAF), hydrogen transfer (HT), and single electron transfer (SET). Their relative importance for the free radical scavenging activity of AFMK and AMK has been assessed. It was found that AFMK and AMK react with •OH at diffusion-limited rates, regardless of the polarity of the environment, which supports their excellent •OH radical scavenging activity. Both compounds were found to be also very efficient for scavenging •OOCCl3 , but rather ineffective for scavenging •OOH. Regarding their relative activity, it was found that AFMK systematically is a poorer scavenger than AMK and melatonin. In aqueous solution, AMK was found to react faster than melatonin with all the studied free radicals, while in nonpolar environments, the relative efficiency of AMK and melatonin as free radical scavengers depends on the radical with which they are reacting. Under such conditions, melatonin is predicted to be a better •OOH and •OOCCl3 scavenger than AMK, while AMK is predicted to be slightly better than melatonin for scavenging •OH. Accordingly it seems that melatonin and its metabolite AMK constitute an efficient team of scavengers able of deactivating a wide variety of reactive oxygen species, under different conditions. Thus, the presented results support the continuous protection exerted by melatonin, through the free radical scavenging cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annia Galano
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, DF, México.
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Chen YC, Sheen JM, Tiao MM, Tain YL, Huang LT. Roles of melatonin in fetal programming in compromised pregnancies. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:5380-401. [PMID: 23466884 PMCID: PMC3634509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14035380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Compromised pregnancies such as those associated with gestational diabetes mellitus, intrauterine growth retardation, preeclampsia, maternal undernutrition, and maternal stress may negatively affect fetal development. Such pregnancies may induce oxidative stress to the fetus and alter fetal development through the epigenetic process that may affect development at a later stage. Melatonin is an oxidant scavenger that reverses oxidative stress during the prenatal period. Moreover, the role of melatonin in epigenetic modifications in the field of developmental programming has been studied extensively. Here, we describe the physiological function of melatonin in pregnancy and discuss the roles of melatonin in fetal programming in compromised pregnancies, focusing on its involvement in redox and epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.C.); (J.-M.S.); (M.-M.T.); (Y.-L.T.)
| | - Jiunn-Ming Sheen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.C.); (J.-M.S.); (M.-M.T.); (Y.-L.T.)
| | - Miao-Meng Tiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.C.); (J.-M.S.); (M.-M.T.); (Y.-L.T.)
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.C.); (J.-M.S.); (M.-M.T.); (Y.-L.T.)
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tung Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.C.); (J.-M.S.); (M.-M.T.); (Y.-L.T.)
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkow 333, Taiwan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-975-056-169; Fax: +886-773-380-09
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Pulmonary innate immune response and melatonin receptors in the perinatal stress. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:340959. [PMID: 23401697 PMCID: PMC3562617 DOI: 10.1155/2013/340959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To analyze the cytokines of the innate immune pulmonary response and the capacity for local response to melatonin according to the perinatal stress. Methods. 49 cases of pediatric autopsies were evaluated, divided according to cause of death, perinatal stress, gestational age, and birth weight. The percentages of IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-1β, TNF-α, and melatonin receptor were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results. The IL-6 expression was higher in the children showing chronic stress, anoxia, and infection. The IL-6 expression showed a progressive increase according to the relation between weight and GA. There was no significant difference in the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α. The CRP expression was higher in the cases showing chronic stress and premature cases. The expression of melatonin receptors was significantly higher in the cases showing chronic stress, being more evident in the cases showing infection. Conclusion. The cause of death and the type of stress influence the expression in situ of melatonin and cytokines of the innate immune pulmonary response. The evaluation of IL-6 and CRP may contribute to the understanding of the evolution of neonates with chronic stress. The greater sensitivity of the lung to melatonin in these cases may indicate an attempt at controlling the immunological response, in an attempt to diminish the harmful effects of stress.
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Lee J, Yoon J, Lee JA, Lee SY, Shin CH, Yang SW. Urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin level in girls and its relationship with obesity. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2012; 55:344-9. [PMID: 23049592 PMCID: PMC3454577 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2012.55.9.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Short sleep duration is associated with obesity. Urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (6-OHMS), the principal metabolite of melatonin, is closely related with sleep. We evaluated the difference in urinary 6-OHMS levels between obese girls and normal weight girls, and the relationship of urinary 6-OHMS with other hormones regulating body weight and metabolism. Methods A total of 79 girls (6.3 to 12.4 years) were included in this study, of whom 34 were obese; 15, overweight; and 30, normal-weight. We examined their pubertal status and bone age. Fasting serum levels of total ghrelin, leptin, insulin, and first morning urinary 6-OHMS were measured. Homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated from the fasting insulin and glucose levels. Results There was no significant difference in the creatinine adjusted 6-OHMS levels between the obese girls and the control group. Urinary 6-OHMS did not show any correlations with body mass index (BMI), BMI percentile, total ghrelin, leptin, and HOMA-IR. Negative correlations were found between urinary 6-OHMS levels and chronological and bone ages. Conclusion Our results suggest that melatonin production is not reduced consistently in obese girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Boga JA, Coto-Montes A, Rosales-Corral SA, Tan DX, Reiter RJ. Beneficial actions of melatonin in the management of viral infections: a new use for this "molecular handyman"? Rev Med Virol 2012; 22:323-38. [PMID: 22511571 PMCID: PMC7169144 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (N‐acetyl‐5‐methoxytryptamine) is a multifunctional signaling molecule that has a variety of important functions. Numerous clinical trials have examined the therapeutic usefulness of melatonin in different fields of medicine. Clinical trials have shown that melatonin is efficient in preventing cell damage under acute (sepsis, asphyxia in newborns) and chronic states (metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, inflammation, aging). The beneficial effects of melatonin can be explained by its properties as a potent antioxidant and antioxidant enzyme inducer, a regulator of apoptosis and a stimulator of immune functions. These effects support the use of melatonin in viral infections, which are often associated with inflammatory injury and increases in oxidative stress. In fact, melatonin has been used recently to treat several viral infections, which are summarized in this review. The role of melatonin in infections is also discussed herein. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Antonio Boga
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Hardeland R, Madrid JA, Tan DX, Reiter RJ. Melatonin, the circadian multioscillator system and health: the need for detailed analyses of peripheral melatonin signaling. J Pineal Res 2012; 52:139-66. [PMID: 22034907 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2011.00934.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Evidence is accumulating regarding the importance of circadian core oscillators, several associated factors, and melatonin signaling in the maintenance of health. Dysfunction of endogenous clocks, melatonin receptor polymorphisms, age- and disease-associated declines of melatonin likely contribute to numerous diseases including cancer, metabolic syndrome, diabetes type 2, hypertension, and several mood and cognitive disorders. Consequences of gene silencing, overexpression, gene polymorphisms, and deviant expression levels in diseases are summarized. The circadian system is a complex network of central and peripheral oscillators, some of them being relatively independent of the pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Actions of melatonin on peripheral oscillators are poorly understood. Various lines of evidence indicate that these clocks are also influenced or phase-reset by melatonin. This includes phase differences of core oscillator gene expression under impaired melatonin signaling, effects of melatonin and melatonin receptor knockouts on oscillator mRNAs or proteins. Cross-connections between melatonin signaling pathways and oscillator proteins, including associated factors, are discussed in this review. The high complexity of the multioscillator system comprises alternate or parallel oscillators based on orthologs and paralogs of the core components and a high number of associated factors with varying tissue-specific importance, which offers numerous possibilities for interactions with melatonin. It is an aim of this review to stimulate research on melatonin signaling in peripheral tissues. This should not be restricted to primary signal molecules but rather include various secondarily connected pathways and discriminate between direct effects of the pineal indoleamine at the target organ and others mediated by modulation of oscillators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Hardeland
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Germany.
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