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Giri A, Mehan S, Khan Z, Das Gupta G, Narula AS, Kalfin R. Modulation of neural circuits by melatonin in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:3867-3895. [PMID: 38225412 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02939-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders are two broad categories of neurological disorders characterized by progressive impairments in movement and cognitive functions within the central and peripheral nervous systems, and have emerged as a significant cause of mortality. Oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neurotransmitter imbalances are recognized as prominent pathogenic factors contributing to cognitive deficits and neurobehavioral anomalies. Consequently, preventing neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases has surfaced as a pivotal challenge in contemporary public health. This review explores the investigation of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders using both synthetic and natural bioactive compounds. A central focus lies on melatonin, a neuroregulatory hormone secreted by the pineal gland in response to light-dark cycles. Melatonin, an amphiphilic molecule, assumes multifaceted roles, including scavenging free radicals, modulating energy metabolism, and synchronizing circadian rhythms. Noteworthy for its robust antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties, melatonin exhibits diverse neuroprotective effects. The inherent attributes of melatonin position it as a potential key player in the pathophysiology of neurological disorders. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated melatonin's efficacy in alleviating neuropathological symptoms across neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric conditions (depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism spectrum disorder). The documented neuroprotective prowess of melatonin introduces novel therapeutic avenues for addressing neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. This comprehensive review encompasses many of melatonin's applications in treating diverse brain disorders. Despite the strides made, realizing melatonin's full neuroprotective potential necessitates further rigorous clinical investigations. By unravelling the extended neuroprotective benefits of melatonin, future studies promise to deepen our understanding and augment the therapeutic implications against neurological deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Giri
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy Moga, Punjab, India.
- IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India.
| | - Zuber Khan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy Moga, Punjab, India
- IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India
| | | | - Acharan S Narula
- Narula Research, LLC, 107 Boulder Bluff, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Reni Kalfin
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Block 23, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
- Department of Healthcare, South-West University "NeofitRilski", Ivan Mihailov St. 66, Blagoevgrad, 2700, Bulgaria
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Zhao Y, Zhao X, Jiang T, Xi H, Jiang Y, Feng X. A Retrospective Review on Dysregulated Autophagy in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Strategies. Horm Metab Res 2024. [PMID: 38565184 DOI: 10.1055/a-2280-7130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The main purpose of this article is to explore the relationship between autophagy and the pathological mechanism of PCOS, and to find potential therapeutic methods that can alleviate the pathological mechanism of PCOS by targeting autophagy. Relevant literatures were searched in the following databases, including: PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus. The search terms were "autophagy", "PCOS", "polycystic ovary syndrome", "ovulation", "hyperandrogenemia", "insulin resistance", "inflammatory state", "circadian rhythm" and "treatment", which were combined according to the retrieval methods of different databases. Through analysis, we uncovered that abnormal levels of autophagy were closely related to abnormal ovulation, insulin resistance, hyperandrogenemia, and low-grade inflammation in patients with PCOS. Lifestyle intervention, melatonin, vitamin D, and probiotics, etc. were able to improve the pathological mechanism of PCOS via targeting autophagy. In conclusion, autophagy disorder is a key pathological mechanism in PCOS and is also a potential target for drug development and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Gynecology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianyue Jiang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyan Xi
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yuepeng Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Feng
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Shi Y, Ye D, Cui K, Bai X, Fan M, Feng Y, Hu C, Xu Y, Huang J. Melatonin ameliorates retinal ganglion cell senescence and apoptosis in a SIRT1-dependent manner in an optic nerve injury model. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167053. [PMID: 38325588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin is involved in exerting protective effects in aged-related and neurodegenerative diseases through a silent information regulator type 1 (SIRT1)-dependent pathway. However, little was known about the impact of melatonin on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) senescence and apoptosis following optic nerve crush (ONC). Thus, this study aimed to examine the effects of melatonin on RGC senescence and apoptosis after ONC and investigate the involvement of SIRT1 in this process. To study this, an ONC model was established. EX-527, an inhibitor of SIRT1, was injected intraperitoneally into mice. And melatonin was administrated abdominally into mice after ONC every day. Hematoxylin & eosin staining, retina flat-mounts and optical coherence tomography were used to evaluate the loss of retina cells/neurons. Pattern electroretinogram (p-ERG) was performed to evaluate the function of RGCs. Immunofluorescence and western blot were used to evaluate protein expression. SA-β-gal staining was employed to detect senescent cells. The results demonstrated that melatonin partially rescued the expression of SIRT1 in RGC 3 days after ONC. Additionally, melatonin administration partly rescued the decreased RGC number and ganglion cell complex thickness observed 14 days after ONC. Melatonin also suppressed ONC-induced senescence and apoptosis index. Furthermore, p-ERG showed that melatonin improved the amplitude of P50, N95 and N95/P50 following ONC. Importantly, the protective effects of melatonin were reversed when EX-527 was administered. In summary, this study revealed that melatonin attenuated RGC senescence and apoptosis through a SIRT1-dependent pathway after ONC. These findings provide valuable insights for the treatment of RGC senescence and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Dan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China; Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Kaixuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xue Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Matthew Fan
- Yale College, Yale University, New Haven, CT 201942, United States
| | - Yanlin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Chenyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Jingjing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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Lei X, Xu Z, Huang L, Huang Y, Tu S, Xu L, Liu D. The potential influence of melatonin on mitochondrial quality control: a review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1332567. [PMID: 38273825 PMCID: PMC10808166 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1332567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical for cellular energetic metabolism, intracellular signaling orchestration and programmed death regulation. Therefore, mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with various pathogeneses. The maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis and functional recovery after injury are coordinated by mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics and autophagy, which are collectively referred to as mitochondrial quality control. There is increasing evidence that mitochondria are important targets for melatonin to exert protective effects under pathological conditions. Melatonin, an evolutionarily conserved tryptophan metabolite, can be synthesized, transported and metabolized in mitochondria. In this review, we summarize the important role of melatonin in the damaged mitochondria elimination and mitochondrial energy supply recovery by regulating mitochondrial quality control, which may provide new strategies for clinical treatment of mitochondria-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudan Lei
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Experimental Research, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenni Xu
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Experimental Research, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingxiao Huang
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Experimental Research, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujun Huang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyu Tu
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Experimental Research, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dengqun Liu
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Experimental Research, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Park JH, Hwang Y, Nguyen YND, Kim HC, Shin EJ. Ramelteon attenuates hippocampal neuronal loss and memory impairment following kainate-induced seizures. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12921. [PMID: 37846173 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that the neuroprotective effects of melatonin involve both receptor-dependent and -independent actions. However, little is known about the effects of melatonin receptor activation on the kainate (KA) neurotoxicity. This study examined the effects of repeated post-KA treatment with ramelteon, a selective agonist of melatonin receptors, on neuronal loss, cognitive impairment, and depression-like behaviors following KA-induced seizures. The expression of melatonin receptors decreased in neurons, whereas it was induced in astrocytes 3 and 7 days after seizures elicited by KA (0.12 μg/μL) in the hippocampus of mice. Ramelteon (3 or 10 mg/kg, i.p.) and melatonin (10 mg/kg, i.p.) mitigated KA-induced oxidative stress and impairment of glutathione homeostasis and promoted the nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity of Nrf2 in the hippocampus after KA treatment. Ramelteon and melatonin also attenuated microglial activation but did not significantly affect astroglial activation induced by KA, despite the astroglial induction of melatonin receptors after KA treatment. However, ramelteon attenuated KA-induced proinflammatory phenotypic changes in astrocytes. Considering the reciprocal regulation of astroglial and microglial activation, these results suggest ramelteon inhibits microglial activation by regulating astrocyte phenotypic changes. These effects were accompanied by the attenuation of the nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity of nuclear factor κB (NFκB) induced by KA. Consequently, ramelteon attenuated the KA-induced hippocampal neuronal loss, memory impairment, and depression-like behaviors; the effects were comparable to those of melatonin. These results suggest that ramelteon-mediated activation of melatonin receptors provides neuroprotection against KA-induced neurotoxicity in the mouse hippocampus by activating Nrf2 signaling to attenuate oxidative stress and restore glutathione homeostasis and by inhibiting NFκB signaling to attenuate neuroinflammatory changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hoon Park
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonggwang Hwang
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yen Nhi Doan Nguyen
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Pai MS, Wang KC, Yeh KC, Wang SJ. Stabilization of mitochondrial function by chlorogenic acid protects against kainic acid-induced seizures and neuronal cell death in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 961:176197. [PMID: 38000721 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigated the effect of chlorogenic acid, a polyphenolic compound found in numerous plant products, on a kainic acid-induced seizure rat model and its potential mechanism. Rats were administered chlorogenic acid (10 and 50 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for 30 min before kainic acid (15 mg/kg) intraperitoneal administration. Pretreatment with chlorogenic acid decreased the seizure score, increased the latency to onset of the first seizure, and decreased the mortality rate. Chlorogenic acid pretreatment also resulted in a significant reduction in glutamate elevation and neuronal death in the hippocampus of kainic acid-treated rats. In addition, electron microscopy revealed that kainic acid-induced changes in hippocampal mitochondrial structure were prevented by chlorogenic acid pretreatment. Additionally, the levels of mitochondrial function-related proteins, including sirtuin 3, Complex I, glutamate dehydrogenase 1 and ATP synthase, were increased, and the level of the mitochondrial damage marker cytochrome C was decreased in the hippocampus of chlorogenic acid/kainic acid rats. Furthermore, the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis-related proteins [AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), sirtuin1, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ-coactivator-1α (PGC-1α)] and mitophagy-related proteins [phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), Parkin, and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)] was decreased in the hippocampus of kainic acid-treated rats, which was reversed by chlorogenic acid pretreatment. These observations reveal the marked neuroprotective potential of chlorogenic acid against kainic acid-induced neurotoxicity and seizures through prevention of glutamate increase and preservation of AMPK/sirtuin 1/PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis and PINK1/Parkin-induced mitophagy to maintain adequate mitochondrial homeostasis and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shang Pai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, No.510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang Dist, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan
| | - Kaw-Chen Wang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, No.510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang Dist, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Chieh Yeh
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, No.510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang Dist, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Su-Jane Wang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, No.510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang Dist, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
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Liu J, Ke P, Guo H, Gu J, Liu Y, Tian X, Wang X, Xiao F. Activation of TLR7-mediated autophagy increases epileptic susceptibility via reduced KIF5A-dependent GABA A receptor transport in a murine model. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1159-1173. [PMID: 37258573 PMCID: PMC10317981 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01000-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying epileptogenesis are poorly understood but are considered to actively involve an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission. Excessive activation of autophagy, a cellular pathway that leads to the removal of proteins, is known to aggravate the disease. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 is an innate immune receptor that regulates autophagy in infectious and noninfectious diseases. However, the relationship between TLR7, autophagy, and synaptic transmission during epileptogenesis remains unclear. We found that TLR7 was activated in neurons in the early stage of epileptogenesis. TLR7 knockout significantly suppressed seizure susceptibility and neuronal excitability. Furthermore, activation of TLR7 induced autophagy and decreased the expression of kinesin family member 5 A (KIF5A), which influenced interactions with γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAAR)-associated protein and GABAARβ2/3, thus producing abnormal GABAAR-mediated postsynaptic transmission. Our results indicated that TLR7 is an important factor in regulating epileptogenesis, suggesting a possible therapeutic target for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, 165 Xincheng Road, Chongqing, 404100, China
| | - Pingyang Ke
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Haokun Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Juan Gu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- Institute for Brain Science and Disease of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Verma AK, Singh S, Rizvi SI. Therapeutic potential of melatonin and its derivatives in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Biogerontology 2023; 24:183-206. [PMID: 36550377 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-10006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with increasing impairments in brain homeostasis and represents the main risk factor across most neurodegenerative disorders. Melatonin, a neuroendocrine hormone that regulates mammalian chronobiology and endocrine functions is well known for its antioxidant potential, exhibiting both cytoprotective and chronobiotic abilities. Age-related decline of melatonin disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis and cytosolic DNA-mediated inflammatory reactions in neurons is a major contributory factor in the emergence of neurological abnormalities. There is scattered literature on the possible use of melatonin against neurodegenerative mechanisms in the aging process and its associated diseases. We have searched PUBMED with many combinations of key words for available literature spanning two decades. Based on the vast number of experimental papers, we hereby review recent advancements concerning the potential impact of melatonin on cellular redox balance and mitochondrial dynamics in the context of neurodegeneration. Next, we discuss a broader explanation of the involvement of disrupted redox homeostasis in the pathophysiology of age-related diseases and its connection to circadian mechanisms. Our effort may result in the discovery of novel therapeutic approaches. Finally, we summarize the current knowledge on molecular and circadian regulatory mechanisms of melatonin to overcome neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, however, these findings need to be confirmed by larger, well-designed clinical trials. This review is also expected to uncover the associated molecular alterations in the aging brain and explain how melatonin-mediated circadian restoration of neuronal homeodynamics may increase healthy lifespan in age-related NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avnish Kumar Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Hadassah Medical Center - Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Syed Ibrahim Rizvi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India.
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Barangi S, Ghodsi P, Mehrabi A, Mehri S, Hayes AW, Karimi G. Melatonin attenuates cardiopulmonary toxicity induced by benzo(a)pyrene in mice focusing on apoptosis and autophagy pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:33113-33123. [PMID: 36474038 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24546-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and a serious environmental pollutant. BaP is formed by the incomplete combustion of organic matter at high temperatures. In addition, tobacco smoke and many foods, especially charbroiled food and grilled meats, contain BaP and can cause it to enter human body. Melatonin, a pineal gland hormone, has antioxidant, anti-apoptosis, and autophagy regulatory properties. The possible protective impact of melatonin on cardiopulmonary toxicity induced by BaP was investigated by examining the antioxidant effects and the apoptosis and autophagy properties of melatonin. Thirty male mice were divided into 5 groups and treated for 28 days as follows: (I) control (BaP and melatonin solvent), (II) BaP (75 mg/kg, oral gavage), (III and IV) BaP (75 mg/kg) + melatonin (10 and 20 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), (V) melatonin (20 mg/kg). The oxidative stress factors (MDA and GSH content) were assessed in the heart and lung tissues. The levels of apoptotic (Caspase-3 and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio) and autophagic (the LC3 ӀӀ/Ӏ, Beclin-1, and Sirt1) proteins were examined by using western blot analysis. Following the administration of BaP, MDA, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and the Caspase-3 proteins increased in the heart and lung tissues, while GSH, Sirt1, Beclin-1, and the LC3 II/I ratio diminished. The coadministration of melatonin along with BaP, MDA, and apoptotic proteins returned to the control values, while GSH and the autophagy proteins were enhanced in both the heart and lungs. Melatonin exhibited a protective effect against BaP-induced heart and lung injury through the suppression of oxidative stress and apoptosis and the induction of the Sirt1/autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Barangi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pardis Ghodsi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Adeleh Mehrabi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soghra Mehri
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- Center for Environmental/Occupational Risk Analysis & Management, University of South Florida College of Public Health, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Oxidative Stress and Aging as Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease: The Role of the Antioxidant Melatonin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24033022. [PMID: 36769340 PMCID: PMC9917989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24033022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging and neurodegenerative diseases share common hallmarks, including mitochondrial dysfunction and protein aggregation. Moreover, one of the major issues of the demographic crisis today is related to the progressive rise in costs for care and maintenance of the standard living condition of aged patients with neurodegenerative diseases. There is a divergence in the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Still, a disturbed endogenous pro-oxidants/antioxidants balance is considered the crucial detrimental factor that makes the brain vulnerable to aging and progressive neurodegeneration. The present review focuses on the complex relationships between oxidative stress, autophagy, and the two of the most frequent neurodegenerative diseases associated with aging, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Most of the available data support the hypothesis that a disturbed antioxidant defense system is a prerequisite for developing pathogenesis and clinical symptoms of ADs and PD. Furthermore, the release of the endogenous hormone melatonin from the pineal gland progressively diminishes with aging, and people's susceptibility to these diseases increases with age. Elucidation of the underlying mechanisms involved in deleterious conditions predisposing to neurodegeneration in aging, including the diminished role of melatonin, is important for elaborating precise treatment strategies for the pathogenesis of AD and PD.
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He Y, Ying J, Tang J, Zhou R, Qu H, Qu Y, Mu D. Neonatal Arterial Ischaemic Stroke: Advances in Pathologic Neural Death, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:2248-2266. [PMID: 35193484 PMCID: PMC9890291 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220222144744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal arterial ischaemic stroke (NAIS) is caused by focal arterial occlusion and often leads to severe neurological sequelae. Neural deaths after NAIS mainly include necrosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis. These neural deaths are mainly caused by upstream stimulations, including excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and death receptor pathways. The current clinical approaches to managing NAIS mainly focus on supportive treatments, including seizure control and anticoagulation. In recent years, research on the pathology, early diagnosis, and potential therapeutic targets of NAIS has progressed. In this review, we summarise the latest progress of research on the pathology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of NAIS and highlight newly potential diagnostic and treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang He
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Junjie Ying
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruixi Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Haibo Qu
- Department of Radiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
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Potential Therapeutic Approach of Melatonin against Omicron and Some Other Variants of SARS-CoV-2. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27206934. [PMID: 36296527 PMCID: PMC9609612 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Omicron variant (B.529) of COVID-19 caused disease outbreaks worldwide because of its contagious and diverse mutations. To reduce these outbreaks, therapeutic drugs and adjuvant vaccines have been applied for the treatment of the disease. However, these drugs have not shown high efficacy in reducing COVID-19 severity, and even antiviral drugs have not shown to be effective. Researchers thus continue to search for an effective adjuvant therapy with a combination of drugs or vaccines to treat COVID-19 disease. We were motivated to consider melatonin as a defensive agent against SARS-CoV-2 because of its various unique properties. Over 200 scientific publications have shown the significant effects of melatonin in treating diseases, with strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. Melatonin has a high safety profile, but it needs further clinical trials and experiments for use as a therapeutic agent against the Omicron variant of COVID-19. It might immediately be able to prevent the development of severe symptoms caused by the coronavirus and can reduce the severity of the infection by improving immunity.
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Jacquens A, Needham EJ, Zanier ER, Degos V, Gressens P, Menon D. Neuro-Inflammation Modulation and Post-Traumatic Brain Injury Lesions: From Bench to Bed-Side. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911193. [PMID: 36232495 PMCID: PMC9570205 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Head trauma is the most common cause of disability in young adults. Known as a silent epidemic, it can cause a mosaic of symptoms, whether neurological (sensory-motor deficits), psychiatric (depressive and anxiety symptoms), or somatic (vertigo, tinnitus, phosphenes). Furthermore, cranial trauma (CT) in children presents several particularities in terms of epidemiology, mechanism, and physiopathology-notably linked to the attack of an immature organ. As in adults, head trauma in children can have lifelong repercussions and can cause social and family isolation, difficulties at school, and, later, socio-professional adversity. Improving management of the pre-hospital and rehabilitation course of these patients reduces secondary morbidity and mortality, but often not without long-term disability. One hypothesized contributor to this process is chronic neuroinflammation, which could accompany primary lesions and facilitate their development into tertiary lesions. Neuroinflammation is a complex process involving different actors such as glial cells (astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes), the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, excitotoxicity, production of oxygen derivatives, cytokine release, tissue damage, and neuronal death. Several studies have investigated the effect of various treatments on the neuroinflammatory response in traumatic brain injury in vitro and in animal and human models. The aim of this review is to examine the various anti-inflammatory therapies that have been implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Jacquens
- Unité de Neuroanesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière 43-87, Boulevard de l’Hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France
- Inserm, Maladies Neurodéveloppementales et Neurovasculaires, Université Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-42-16-00-00
| | - Edward J. Needham
- Division of Anaesthesia, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Box 93, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Elisa R. Zanier
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Vincent Degos
- Unité de Neuroanesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière 43-87, Boulevard de l’Hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France
- Inserm, Maladies Neurodéveloppementales et Neurovasculaires, Université Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Gressens
- Inserm, Maladies Neurodéveloppementales et Neurovasculaires, Université Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - David Menon
- Division of Anaesthesia, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Box 93, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
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Melatonin and multiple sclerosis: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulator mechanism of action. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1569-1596. [PMID: 35665873 PMCID: PMC9167428 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin is an indole hormone secreted primarily by the pineal gland that showing anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic capacity. It can play an important role in the pathophysiological mechanisms of various diseases. In this regard, different studies have shown that there is a relationship between Melatonin and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). MS is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the Central Nervous System. AIM The objective of this review was to evaluate the mechanisms of action of melatonin on oxidative stress, inflammation and intestinal dysbiosis caused by MS, as well as its interaction with different hormones and factors that can influence the pathophysiology of the disease. RESULTS Melatonin causes a significant increase in the levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione and can counteract and inhibit the effects of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which would also be beneficial during SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, melatonin increases antimicrobial peptides, especially Reg3β, which could be useful in controlling the microbiota. CONCLUSION Melatonin could exert a beneficial effect in people suffering from MS, running as a promising candidate for the treatment of this disease. However, more research in human is needed to help understand the possible interaction between melatonin and certain sex hormones, such as estrogens, to know the potential therapeutic efficacy in both men and women.
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Su L, Liu Y, Ma H, Zheng F, Daia Y, Wang T, Wang G, Li F, Zhang Y, Yu B, Gong S, Kou J. YiQiFuMai lyophilized injection attenuates cerebral ischemic injury with inhibition of neuronal autophagy through intervention in the NMMHC IIA-actin-ATG9A interaction. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 95:153882. [PMID: 34968897 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND YiQiFuMai lyophilized injection (YQFM) is derived from a traditional Chinese medicine prescription termed Shengmai San.YQFM is clinically applied to the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. It has been found that critical components of YQFM affect non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIA (NMMHC IIA), but its regulation in the excessive autophagy and the underlying mechanism has yet to be clarified. PURPOSE To evaluate whether YQFM has neuroprotective effects on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury by inhibiting NMMHC IIA-actin-ATG9A interaction for autophagosome formation. METHODS The neuroprotective effects of YQFM were investigated in vivo in mice with middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) (n = 6) by detecting neurological deficits, infarct volume, and histopathological changes. The NMMHC IIA-actin-ATG9A interaction was determined using immunofluorescence co-localization, co-immunoprecipitation, and proximity ligation assay. Rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) were used to mimic neurons in in vitro experiments. RESULTS In MCAO/R model mice, YQFM (1.342 g/kg) attenuated brain ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury by regulating NMMHC IIA-actin-mediated ATG9A trafficking. YQFM (400 μg/ml) also exerted similar effects on OGD/R-induced PC12 cells. Furthermore, RNAi of NMMHC IIA weakened the NMMHC IIA-F-actin-dependent ATG9A trafficking and, therefore, attenuated the neuroprotective activities of YQFM in vitro. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrated that YQFM exerted neuroprotective effects by regulating the NMMHC IIA-actin-ATG9A interaction for autophagosome formation. This evidence sheds new light on the potential mechanism of YQFM in the treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198 China
| | - Yining Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198 China
| | - Huifen Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198 China
| | - Fan Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198 China
| | - Yujie Daia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198 China
| | - Tiezheng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198 China
| | - Guangyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198 China
| | - Fang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198 China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198 China
| | - Boyang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Resource and Developmemt of Chinese Material Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198 China
| | - Shuaishuai Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198 China.
| | - Junping Kou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198 China.
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Hossain MF, Wang N, Chen R, Li S, Roy J, Uddin MG, Li Z, Lim LW, Song YQ. Exploring the multifunctional role of melatonin in regulating autophagy and sleep to mitigate Alzheimer's disease neuropathology. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101304. [PMID: 33610813 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (MLT) is a neurohormone that is regulated by the circadian clock and plays multifunctional roles in numerous neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is the most common form of dementia and is associated with the degradation of axons and synapses resulting in memory loss and cognitive impairment. Despite extensive research, there is still no effective cure or specific treatment to prevent the progression of AD. The pathogenesis of AD involves atrophic alterations in the brain that also result in circadian alterations, sleep disruption, and autophagic dysfunction. In this scenario, MLT and autophagy play a central role in removing the misfolded protein aggregations. MLT also promotes autophagy through inhibiting methamphetamine toxicity to protect against neuronal cell death in AD brain. Besides, MLT plays critical roles as either a pro-autophagic indicator or anti-autophagic regulator depending on the phase of autophagy. MLT also has antioxidant properties that can counteract mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Aging, a major risk factor for AD, can change sleep patterns and sleep quality, and MLT can improve sleep quality through regulating sleep cycles. The primary purpose of this review is to explore the putative mechanisms of the beneficial effects of MLT in AD patients. Furthermore, we also summarize the findings from preclinical and clinical studies on the multifunctional roles of MLT on autophagic regulation, the control of the circadian clock-associated genes, and sleep regulation.
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Pérez-Lloret S, Cardinali DP. Melatonin as a Chronobiotic and Cytoprotective Agent in Parkinson's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:650597. [PMID: 33935759 PMCID: PMC8082390 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.650597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This article discusses the role that melatonin may have in the prevention and treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In parkinsonian patients circulating melatonin levels are consistently disrupted and the potential therapeutic value of melatonin on sleep disorders in PD was examined in a limited number of clinical studies using 2–5 mg/day melatonin at bedtime. The low levels of melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptor density in substantia nigra and amygdala found in PD patients supported the hypothesis that the altered sleep/wake cycle seen in PD could be due to a disrupted melatonergic system. Motor symptomatology is seen in PD patients when about 75% of the dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta region degenerate. Nevertheless, symptoms like rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD), hyposmia or depression may precede the onset of motor symptoms in PD for years and are index of worse prognosis. Indeed, RBD patients may evolve to an α-synucleinopathy within 10 years of RBD onset. Daily bedtime administration of 3–12 mg of melatonin has been demonstrated effective in RDB treatment and may halt neurodegeneration to PD. In studies on animal models of PD melatonin was effective to curtail symptomatology in doses that allometrically projected to humans were in the 40–100 mg/day range, rarely employed clinically. Therefore, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies are urgently needed in this respect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Pérez-Lloret
- Universidad Abierta Interamericana-Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de La Salud, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, UAI-CAECIHS. CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel P Cardinali
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Srivastava AK, Choudhury SR, Karmakar S. Neuronal Bmi-1 is critical for melatonin induced ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of α-synuclein in experimental Parkinson's disease models. Neuropharmacology 2020; 194:108372. [PMID: 33157086 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic polycomb repressor complex-1 subunit BMI-1 plays a pivotal role in the process of gene repression to maintain the self-renewal and differentiation state of neurogenic tissues. Accumulating reports links lower expression of BMI-1 fails to regulate the repression of anti-oxidant response genes disrupt mitochondrial homeostasis underlying neurodegeneration. Interestingly, this negative relation between BMI-1 function and neurodegeneration is distinct but has not been generalized as a potential biomarker particularly in Parkinson's disease (PD). Hyperphosphorylated BMI-1 undergoes canonical polycomb E3 ligase function loss, thereby leads to reduce monoubiquitylation of histone 2A at lysine 119 (H2AK119ub) corroborates cellular accumulation of α-synuclein protein phosphorylated at serine 129 (pα-SYN (S129). In general, neuroprotectant suppressing pα-SYN (S129) level turns ineffective upon depletion of neuronal BMI-1. However, it has been observed that our neuroprotectant exposure suppresses the cellular pα-SYN (S129) and restore the the BMI-1 expression level in neuronal tissues. The pharmacological inhibition and activation of proteasomal machinery promote the cellular accumulation and degradation of neuronal pα-SYN (S129), respectively. Furthermore, our investigation reveals that accumulated pα-SYN (S129) are priorly complexed with BMI-1 undergoes ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation and established as key pathway for therpeutic effect in PD. These findings linked the unestablished non-canonical role of BMI-1 in the clearance of pathological α-SYN and suspected to be a novel therapeutic target in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup K Srivastava
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase-10, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Subhasree Roy Choudhury
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase-10, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India.
| | - Surajit Karmakar
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase-10, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India.
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Luo F, Sandhu AF, Rungratanawanich W, Williams GE, Akbar M, Zhou S, Song BJ, Wang X. Melatonin and Autophagy in Aging-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197174. [PMID: 32998479 PMCID: PMC7584015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With aging, the nervous system gradually undergoes degeneration. Increased oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death are considered to be common pathophysiological mechanisms of various neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Autophagy is a cellular basic metabolic process that degrades the aggregated or misfolded proteins and abnormal organelles in cells. The abnormal regulation of neuronal autophagy is accompanied by the accumulation and deposition of irregular proteins, leading to changes in neuron homeostasis and neurodegeneration. Autophagy exhibits both a protective mechanism and a damage pathway related to programmed cell death. Because of its "double-edged sword", autophagy plays an important role in neurological damage and NDDs including AD, PD, HD, OPIDN, and ALS. Melatonin is a neuroendocrine hormone mainly synthesized in the pineal gland and exhibits a wide range of biological functions, such as sleep control, regulating circadian rhythm, immune enhancement, metabolism regulation, antioxidant, anti-aging, and anti-tumor effects. It can prevent cell death, reduce inflammation, block calcium channels, etc. In this review, we briefly discuss the neuroprotective role of melatonin against various NDDs via regulating autophagy, which could be a new field for future translational research and clinical studies to discover preventive or therapeutic agents for many NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (F.L.); (A.F.S.); (G.E.W.)
| | - Aaron F. Sandhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (F.L.); (A.F.S.); (G.E.W.)
| | - Wiramon Rungratanawanich
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (W.R.); (B.-J.S.)
| | - George E. Williams
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (F.L.); (A.F.S.); (G.E.W.)
| | - Mohammed Akbar
- Division of Neuroscience & Behavior, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Shuanhu Zhou
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (W.R.); (B.-J.S.)
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (F.L.); (A.F.S.); (G.E.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Chitimus DM, Popescu MR, Voiculescu SE, Panaitescu AM, Pavel B, Zagrean L, Zagrean AM. Melatonin's Impact on Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Reprogramming in Homeostasis and Disease. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091211. [PMID: 32825327 PMCID: PMC7563541 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing consensus that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of melatonin are of great importance in preserving the body functions and homeostasis, with great impact in the peripartum period and adult life. Melatonin promotes adaptation through allostasis and stands out as an endogenous, dietary, and therapeutic molecule with important health benefits. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of melatonin are intertwined and are exerted throughout pregnancy and later during development and aging. Melatonin supplementation during pregnancy can reduce ischemia-induced oxidative damage in the fetal brain, increase offspring survival in inflammatory states, and reduce blood pressure in the adult offspring. In adulthood, disturbances in melatonin production negatively impact the progression of cardiovascular risk factors and promote cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. The most studied cardiovascular effects of melatonin are linked to hypertension and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, while the most promising ones are linked to regaining control of metabolic syndrome components. In addition, there might be an emerging role for melatonin as an adjuvant in treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19). The present review summarizes and comments on important data regarding the roles exerted by melatonin in homeostasis and oxidative stress and inflammation related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Maria Chitimus
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Functional Sciences, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 010164 Bucharest, Romania; (D.M.C.); (S.E.V.); (B.P.); (L.Z.)
| | - Mihaela Roxana Popescu
- Department of Cardiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Elias University Hospital, 010164 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Suzana Elena Voiculescu
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Functional Sciences, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 010164 Bucharest, Romania; (D.M.C.); (S.E.V.); (B.P.); (L.Z.)
| | - Anca Maria Panaitescu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Filantropia Clinical Hospital, 010164 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Pavel
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Functional Sciences, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 010164 Bucharest, Romania; (D.M.C.); (S.E.V.); (B.P.); (L.Z.)
| | - Leon Zagrean
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Functional Sciences, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 010164 Bucharest, Romania; (D.M.C.); (S.E.V.); (B.P.); (L.Z.)
| | - Ana-Maria Zagrean
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Functional Sciences, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 010164 Bucharest, Romania; (D.M.C.); (S.E.V.); (B.P.); (L.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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Chen D, Zhang T, Lee TH. Cellular Mechanisms of Melatonin: Insight from Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10081158. [PMID: 32784556 PMCID: PMC7464852 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are the second most common cause of death and characterized by progressive impairments in movement or mental functioning in the central or peripheral nervous system. The prevention of neurodegenerative disorders has become an emerging public health challenge for our society. Melatonin, a pineal hormone, has various physiological functions in the brain, including regulating circadian rhythms, clearing free radicals, inhibiting biomolecular oxidation, and suppressing neuroinflammation. Cumulative evidence indicates that melatonin has a wide range of neuroprotective roles by regulating pathophysiological mechanisms and signaling pathways. Moreover, melatonin levels are decreased in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the regulation, molecular mechanisms and biological functions of melatonin in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, vascular dementia and multiple sclerosis. We also discuss the clinical application of melatonin in neurodegenerative disorders. This information will lead to a better understanding of the regulation of melatonin in the brain and provide therapeutic options for the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Chen
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (T.H.L.); Tel.: +86-591-2286-2498 (D.C.); +86-591-2286-2498 (T.H.L.)
| | | | - Tae Ho Lee
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (T.H.L.); Tel.: +86-591-2286-2498 (D.C.); +86-591-2286-2498 (T.H.L.)
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Tobore TO. On the Etiopathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease: A Comprehensive Theoretical Review. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 68:417-437. [PMID: 30775973 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimers' disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, with an estimated 5 million new cases occurring annually. Among the elderly, AD shortens life expectancy, results in disability, decreases quality of life, and ultimately, leads to institutionalization. Despite extensive research in the last few decades, its heterogeneous pathophysiology and etiopathogenesis have made it difficult to develop an effective treatment and prevention strategy. Aging is the biggest risk factor for AD and evidence suggest that the total number of older people in the population is going to increase astronomically in the next decades. Also, there is evidence that air pollution and increasing income inequality may result in higher incidence and prevalence of AD. This makes the need for a comprehensive understanding of the etiopathogenesis and pathophysiology of the disease extremely critical. In this paper, a quintuple framework of thyroid dysfunction, vitamin D deficiency, sex hormones, and mitochondria dysfunction and oxidative stress are used to provide a comprehensive description of AD etiopathogenesis and pathophysiology. The individual role of each factor, their synergistic and genetic interactions, as well as the limitations of the framework are discussed.
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23
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Sulfated glycolipid PG545 induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and augments autophagic flux by enhancing anticancer chemotherapy efficacy in endometrial cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 178:114003. [PMID: 32360360 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The sulfated glycolipid PG545 shows promising antitumor activity in various cancers. This study was conducted to explore the effects and the mechanism of PG545 action in endometrial cancer (EC). PG545 exhibited strong synergy as assessed by the Chou-Talalay-Method in vitro when combined with cisplatin, or paclitaxel in both type I (Hec1B) and type II (ARK2) EC cell lines. While PG545 showed antitumor activity as monotherapy, a combination of PG545 with paclitaxel and cisplatin was highly effective in reducing the tumor burden and significantly prolonged survival of both Hec1B and ARK2 xenograft bearing mice. Mechanistically, PG545 elicits ER stress as an early response with resultant induction of autophagy. Our data demonstrated an increase in pERK, Bip/Grp78, IRE1α, Calnexin and CHOP/GADD153 within 6-24 hrs of PG545 treatment in EC cells. In parallel, PG545 also blocked FGF2 and HB-EGF mediated signaling in EC cells. Moreover, melatonin-mediated ER stress inhibition reduced PG545-mediated autophagy and PG545 in combination with cisplatin further heightened this stress response. Collectively these data indicate that PG545 exhibits strong synergistic effects with chemotherapeutics in vitro and showed promising antitumor activity in vivo. Our preclinical data indicates that in future studies PG545 can be a useful adjunct to chemotherapy in endometrial cancer.
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Bizzarri M. Advances in Characterizing Recently-Identified Molecular Actions of Melatonin: Clinical Implications. APPROACHING COMPLEX DISEASES 2020. [PMCID: PMC7164543 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32857-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, N-acetyl-5-methoxy-tryptamine, was discovered to be a product of serotonin metabolism in the mammalian pineal gland where its synthesis is under control of the light:dark cycle. Besides its regulatory pathway involving ganglion cells in the retina, the neural connections between the eyes and the pineal gland include the master circadian clock, the suprachiasmatic nuclei, and the central and peripheral nervous systems. Since pineal melatonin is released into the blood and into the cerebrospinal fluid, it has access to every cell in an organism and it mediates system-wide effects. Subsequently, melatonin was found in several extrapineal organs and, more recently, perhaps in every cell of every organ. In contrast to the pinealocytes, non-pineal cells do not discharge melatonin into the blood; rather it is used locally in an intracrine, autocrine, or paracrine manner. Melatonin levels in non-pineal cells do not exhibit a circadian rhythm and do not depend on circulating melatonin concentrations although when animals are treated with exogenous melatonin it is taken up by presumably all cells. Mitochondria are the presumed site of melatonin synthesis in all cells; the enzymatic machinery for melatonin synthesis has been identified in mitochondria. The association of melatonin with mitochondria, because of its ability to inhibit oxidative stress, is very fortuitous since these organelles are a major site of damaging reactive oxygen species generation. In this review, some of the actions of non-pineal-derived melatonin are discussed in terms of cellular and subcellular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Bizzarri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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25
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Chen QQ, Haikal C, Li W, Li JY. Gut Inflammation in Association With Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:218. [PMID: 31572126 PMCID: PMC6753187 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is generally thought to be caused by multiple factors, including environmental and genetic factors. Emerging evidence suggests that intestinal disturbances, such as constipation, are common non-motor symptoms of PD. Gut inflammation may be closely associated with pathogenesis in PD. This review aims to discuss the cross-talk between gut inflammation and PD pathology initiation and progression. Firstly, we will highlight the studies demonstrating how gut inflammation is related to PD. Secondly, we will analyze how gut inflammation spreads from the gastro-intestine to the brain. Here, we will mainly discuss the neural pathway of pathologic α-syn and the systemic inflammatory routes. Thereafter, we will address how alterations in the brain subsequently lead to dopaminergic neuron degeneration, in which oxidative stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, T cell driven inflammation and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are involved. We conclude a model of PD triggered by gut inflammation, which provides a new angle to understand the mechanisms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Caroline Haikal
- Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Wen Li
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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26
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Tamtaji OR, Reiter RJ, Alipoor R, Dadgostar E, Kouchaki E, Asemi Z. Melatonin and Parkinson Disease: Current Status and Future Perspectives for Molecular Mechanisms. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 40:15-23. [PMID: 31388798 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00720-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a chronic and neurodegenerative disease with motor and nonmotor symptoms. Multiple pathways are involved in the pathophysiology of PD, including apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress, inflammation, α-synuclein aggregation, and changes in the neurotransmitters. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that melatonin supplementation is an appropriate therapy for PD. Administration of melatonin leads to inhibition of some pathways related to apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress, inflammation, α-synuclein aggregation, and dopamine loss in PD. In addition, melatonin improves some nonmotor symptom in patients with PD. Limited studies, however, have evaluated the role of melatonin on molecular mechanisms and clinical symptoms in PD. This review summarizes what is known regarding the impact of melatonin on PD in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Reza Tamtaji
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Reza Alipoor
- Student Research Committee, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | | | - Ebrahim Kouchaki
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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27
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Luengo E, Buendia I, Fernández-Mendívil C, Trigo-Alonso P, Negredo P, Michalska P, Hernández-García B, Sánchez-Ramos C, Bernal JA, Ikezu T, León R, López MG. Pharmacological doses of melatonin impede cognitive decline in tau-related Alzheimer models, once tauopathy is initiated, by restoring the autophagic flux. J Pineal Res 2019; 67:e12578. [PMID: 30943316 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in autophagy are increasingly being recognized in the pathogenesis of proteinopathies like Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study was conducted to evaluate whether melatonin treatment could provide beneficial effects in an Alzheimer model related to tauopathy by improving the autophagic flux and, thereby, prevent cognitive decline. The injection of AAV-hTauP301L viral vectors and treatment/injection with okadaic acid were used to achieve mouse and human ex vivo, and in vivo tau-related models. Melatonin (10 μmol/L) impeded oxidative stress, tau hyperphosphorylation, and cell death by restoring autophagy flux in the ex vivo models. In the in vivo studies, intracerebroventricular injection of AAV-hTauP301L increased oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and tau hyperphosphorylation in the hippocampus 7 days after the injection, without inducing cognitive impairment; however, when animals were maintained for 28 days, cognitive decline was apparent. Interestingly, late melatonin treatment (10 mg/kg), starting once the alterations mentioned above were established (from day 7 to day 28), reduced oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, tau hyperphosphorylation, and caspase-3 activation; these observations correlated with restoration of the autophagy flux and memory improvement. This study highlights the importance of autophagic dysregulation in tauopathy and how administration of pharmacological doses of melatonin, once tauopathy is initiated, can restore the autophagy flux, reduce proteinopathy, and prevent cognitive decline. We therefore propose exogenous melatonin supplementation or the development of melatonin derivatives to improve autophagy flux for the treatment of proteinopathies like AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Luengo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Instituto Teófilo Hernando for Drug Discovery, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Izaskun Buendia
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitario (IIS-IP), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Fernández-Mendívil
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Instituto Teófilo Hernando for Drug Discovery, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Trigo-Alonso
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Instituto Teófilo Hernando for Drug Discovery, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Negredo
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patrycja Michalska
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Instituto Teófilo Hernando for Drug Discovery, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Sánchez-Ramos
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Bernal
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Tsuneya Ikezu
- Department of Pharmacology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Rafael León
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitario (IIS-IP), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela G López
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Instituto Teófilo Hernando for Drug Discovery, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitario (IIS-IP), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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Tobore TO. On the central role of mitochondria dysfunction and oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease. Neurol Sci 2019; 40:1527-1540. [PMID: 30982132 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-03863-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the commonest cause of dementia, with approximately 5 million new cases occurring annually. Despite decades of research, its complex pathophysiology and etiopathogenesis presents a major hindrance to the development of an effective treatment and prevention strategy. Aging is the biggest risk factor for the development of AD, and the total number of older people in the population is going to significantly increase in the next decades, suggesting that AD incidence and prevalence is likely to increase in the future. This makes the need for a better understanding of the disease to be extremely urgent. METHODS A search was done by accessing PubMed/Medline, EBSCO, and PsycINFO databases. The search string used was "(dementia* OR Alzheimer's) AND (pathophysiology* OR pathogenesis)". New key terms were identified (new term included "vitamin D, thyroid hormone, mitochondria dysfunction, oxidative stress, testosterone, estrogen, melatonin, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, amyloid-β (Aβ), and hyperphosphorylated tau"). The electronic databases were searched for titles or abstracts containing these terms in all published articles between January 1, 1965, and January 31, 2019. The search was limited to studies published in English and other languages involving both animal and human subjects. RESULTS Mitochondria dysfunction and oxidative stress play a critical role in AD etiopathogenesis and pathophysiology. CONCLUSION AD treatment and prevention strategies must be geared towards improving mitochondrial function and attenuating oxidative stress.
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29
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Shukla M, Chinchalongporn V, Govitrapong P, Reiter RJ. The role of melatonin in targeting cell signaling pathways in neurodegeneration. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1443:75-96. [PMID: 30756405 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are typified by neuronal loss associated with progressive dysfunction and clinical presentation. Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the intra- and extracellular conglomeration of misfolded proteins that occur because of abnormal protein dynamics and genetic manipulations; these trigger processes of cell death in these disorders. The disrupted signaling mechanisms involved are oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial and calcium signaling deregulation, alterations in immune and inflammatory signaling, disruption of autophagic integrity, proteostasis dysfunction, and anomalies in the insulin, Notch, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Herein, we accentuate some of the contemporary translational approaches made in characterizing the underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration. Melatonin-induced cognitive enhancement and inhibition of oxidative signaling substantiates the efficacy of melatonin in combating neurodegenerative processes. Our review considers in detail the possible roles of melatonin in understanding the synergistic pathogenic mechanisms between aggregated proteins and in regulating, modulating, and preventing the altered signaling mechanisms discovered in cellular and animal models along with clinical evaluations pertaining to neurodegeneration. Furthermore, this review showcases the therapeutic potential of melatonin in preventing and treating neurodegenerative diseases with optimum prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Shukla
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vorapin Chinchalongporn
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand.,Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand.,Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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30
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Boga JA, Caballero B, Potes Y, Perez-Martinez Z, Reiter RJ, Vega-Naredo I, Coto-Montes A. Therapeutic potential of melatonin related to its role as an autophagy regulator: A review. J Pineal Res 2019; 66:e12534. [PMID: 30329173 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There are several pathologies, syndromes, and physiological processes in which autophagy is involved. This process of self-digestion that cells trigger as a survival mechanism is complex and tightly regulated, according to the homeostatic conditions of the organ. However, in all cases, its relationship with oxidative stress alterations is evident, following a pathway that suggests endoplasmic reticulum stress and/or mitochondrial changes. There is accumulating evidence of the beneficial role that melatonin has in the regulation and restoration of damaged autophagic processes. In this review, we focus on major physiological changes such as aging and essential pathologies including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, viral infections and obesity, and document the essential role of melatonin in the regulation of autophagy in each of these different situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Boga
- Service of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Caballero
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Yaiza Potes
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Zulema Perez-Martinez
- Service of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ignacio Vega-Naredo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Coto-Montes
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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31
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Cardinali DP. Melatonin: Clinical Perspectives in Neurodegeneration. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:480. [PMID: 31379746 PMCID: PMC6646522 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevention of neurodegenerative diseases is presently a major goal for our Society and melatonin, an unusual phylogenetically conserved molecule present in all aerobic organisms, merits consideration in this respect. Melatonin combines both chronobiotic and cytoprotective properties. As a chronobiotic, melatonin can modify phase and amplitude of biological rhythms. As a cytoprotective molecule, melatonin reverses the low degree inflammatory damage seen in neurodegenerative disorders and aging. Low levels of melatonin in blood characterizes advancing age. In experimental models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) the neurodegeneration observed is prevented by melatonin. Melatonin also increased removal of toxic proteins by the brain glymphatic system. A limited number of clinical trials endorse melatonin's potentiality in AD and PD, particularly at an early stage of disease. Calculations derived from animal studies indicate cytoprotective melatonin doses in the 40-100 mg/day range. Hence, controlled studies employing melatonin doses in this range are urgently needed. The off-label use of melatonin is discussed.
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32
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Melatonin protects endothelial progenitor cells against AGE-induced apoptosis via autophagy flux stimulation and promotes wound healing in diabetic mice. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-15. [PMID: 30459300 PMCID: PMC6249246 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0177-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is delayed in diabetic patients. Increased apoptosis and endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) dysfunction are implicated in delayed diabetic wound healing. Melatonin, a major secretory product of the pineal gland, promotes diabetic wound healing; however, its mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, EPCs were isolated from the bone marrow of mice. Treatment of EPCs with melatonin alleviated advanced glycation end product (AGE)-induced apoptosis and cellular dysfunction. We further examined autophagy flux after melatonin treatment and found increased light chain 3 (LC3) and p62 protein levels in AGE-treated EPCs. However, lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 expression was decreased, indicating that autophagy flux was impaired in EPCs treated with AGEs. We then evaluated autophagy flux after melatonin treatment and found that melatonin increased the LC3 levels, but attenuated the accumulation of p62, suggesting a stimulatory effect of melatonin on autophagy flux. Blockage of autophagy flux by chloroquine partially abolished the protective effects of melatonin, indicating that autophagy flux is involved in the protective effects of melatonin. Furthermore, we found that the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway is involved in autophagy flux stimulation by melatonin. An in vivo study also illustrated that melatonin treatment ameliorated impaired wound healing in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic wound healing model. Thus, our study shows that melatonin protects EPCs against apoptosis and dysfunction via autophagy flux stimulation and ameliorates impaired wound healing in vivo, providing insight into its mechanism of action in diabetic wound healing. Melatonin, a sleep-regulating hormone, may speed wound healing in patients with diabetes by protecting blood-borne wound-healing cells known as endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). In diabetes, EPCs become damaged, lose their capacity to migrate to wounds and form new tissue, and die prematurely. Delayed healing can lead to ulcers, infection, and sometimes amputation. Melatonin has recently been reported to promote wound healing, but the mechanism remains unclear. Xiangyang Wang and Xiaolei Zhang at Wenzhou Medical University, China, and coworkers hypothesized that melatonin might protect EPCs from diabetes-induced damage. They found that melatonin improved EPCs’ ability to eliminate damaged components, allowing them to repair themselves and restoring their wound-healing function. In further experiments, diabetic mice treated with melatonin healed faster than untreated mice. These results may help improve treatments for complications of diabetes.
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33
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Sun B, Yang S, Li S, Hang C. Melatonin Upregulates Nuclear Factor Erythroid-2 Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) and Mediates Mitophagy to Protect Against Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:6422-6430. [PMID: 30210141 PMCID: PMC6149238 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate whether melatonin is involved in brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). MATERIAL AND METHODS An SAH model was established and TUNEL assays were utilized to detect the effect of melatonin on cell apoptosis. Western blot analysis was used to detect the effect of melatonin on expression of autophagic markers and apoptotic factors. Real-time PCR, Western blot analysis, and luciferase assay were performed to study the effect of melatonin on nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (NRF2) expression. RESULTS The SAH group displayed a lower neurological score and a higher brain water content, while melatonin treatment increased the neurological score and decreased the brain water content. The administration of melatonin also inhibited the apoptosis of neurons in the brain. In addition, higher Beclin-1 expression and higher conversion ratio from LC3- II to LC3-I were observed in the SAH group. The activation of Beclin-1 and the conversion from LC3-II to LC3-I was further enhanced by melatonin treatment. Furthermore, in the SAH group, the level of Bcl-2 was decreased while the level of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were increased. However, following melatonin treatment in the SAH group, the level of Bcl-2 was increased while the levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were decreased. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that, by increasing the expression of NRF2, the mitophagy induced by melatonin provided protection against brain injury post-SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Song Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Shengli Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Municipal Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Chunhua Hang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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34
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Descloux C, Ginet V, Rummel C, Truttmann AC, Puyal J. Enhanced autophagy contributes to excitotoxic lesions in a rat model of preterm brain injury. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:853. [PMID: 30154458 PMCID: PMC6113308 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0916-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cystic periventricular leukomalacia is commonly diagnosed in premature infants, resulting from severe hypoxic-ischemic white matter injury, and also involving some grey matter damage. Very few is known concerning the cell death pathways involved in these types of premature cerebral lesions. Excitotoxicity is a predominant mechanism of hypoxic-ischemic injury in the developing brain. Concomitantly, it has been recently shown that autophagy could be enhanced in excitotoxic conditions switching this physiological intracellular degradation system to a deleterious process. We here investigated the role of autophagy in a validated rodent model of preterm excitotoxic brain damage mimicking in some aspects cystic periventricular leukomalacia. An excitotoxic lesion affecting periventricular white and grey matter was induced by injecting ibotenate, a glutamate analogue, in the subcortical white matter (subcingulum area) of five-day old rat pups. Ibotenate enhanced autophagy in rat brain dying neurons at 24 h as shown by increased presence of autophagosomes (increased LC3-II and LC3-positive dots) and enhanced autophagic degradation (SQSTM1 reduction and increased number and size of lysosomes (LAMP1- and CATHEPSIN B-positive vesicles)). Co-injection of the pharmacological autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine prevented not only autophagy induction but also CASPASE-3 activation and calpain-dependent cleavage of SPECTRIN 24 h after the insult, thus providing a strong reduction of the long term brain injury (16 days after ibotenate injection) including lateral ventricle dilatation, decreases in cerebral tissue volume and in subcortical white matter thickness. The autophagy-dependent neuroprotective effect of 3-methyladenine was confirmed in primary cortical neuronal cultures using not only pharmacological but also genetic autophagy inhibition of the ibotenate-induced autophagy. Strategies inhibiting autophagy could then represent a promising neuroprotective approach in the context of severe preterm brain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Descloux
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Ginet
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Coralie Rummel
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anita C Truttmann
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Julien Puyal
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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35
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Luiz Gomes A, Dimitrova Tchekalarova J, Atanasova M, da Conceição Machado K, de Sousa Rios MA, Paz MFCJ, Găman MA, Găman AM, Yele S, Shill MC, Khan IN, Islam MA, Ali ES, Mishra SK, Islam MT, Mubarak MS, da Silva Lopes L, de Carvalho Melo-Cavalcante AA. Anticonvulsant effect of anacardic acid in murine models: Putative role of GABAergic and antioxidant mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1686-1695. [PMID: 30170356 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disease affecting people of all ages worldwide. Side effects of antiepileptic drugs and their association with oxidative stress stimulate the search for new drugs, which would be more affordable with fewer adverse effects. Accordingly, the aim of the present work is to evaluate the anticonvulsant effect of anacardic acid (AA), a natural compound extracted from cashew liquid (Anacardium occidentalis), in murine models, as well as its antioxidant actions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AA (>90% purity) was tested, in vivo, in male Swiss mice (25-30 g) with four convulsive models, (1) pentylenetetrazole, (2) pilocarpine, (3) electroshock, and (4) kainic acid, at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, body weight (B.W.) Additionally, the effective dose, toxic dose, and protective index studies were also performed. Results revealed that AA exhibits anticonvulsive effects in models 1, 3, and 4, with a mean effective dose (ED50) of 39.64 (model 1) >100 mg/kg, B.W. (model 2), and 38.36 (model 3); furthermore, AA displays a protection index of 1.49 (model 1), <0.6 (model 2, and 1.54 (model 3). In addition, AA showed antioxidant activities in S. cerevisiae mutated for superoxide dismutases (SOD). In conclusion, these results show that AA exhibits significant anticonvulsant and antioxidant activities and may be used as a promising natural product for the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Luiz Gomes
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Neuroquímica Experimental do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, CEP: 64.049-550, Teresina, Brazil; Laboratório de Toxicidade Genética do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, CEP: 64.049-550, Teresina Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (RENORBIO) da Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | - Milena Atanasova
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Medica de Pleven, Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Keylla da Conceição Machado
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Neuroquímica Experimental do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, CEP: 64.049-550, Teresina, Brazil; Laboratório de Toxicidade Genética do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, CEP: 64.049-550, Teresina Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (RENORBIO) da Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | - Márcia Fernanda Correia Jardim Paz
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Neuroquímica Experimental do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, CEP: 64.049-550, Teresina, Brazil; Laboratório de Toxicidade Genética do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, CEP: 64.049-550, Teresina Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (RENORBIO) da Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Amelia Maria Găman
- Department of Pathophysiology, Research Center of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania; Department of Haematology, Filantropia City Hospital of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Santosh Yele
- School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Shirpur, India
| | - Manik Chandra Shill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Ishaq N Khan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, 25100, Pakistan
| | - Md Amirul Islam
- Pharmacy Discipline, School of Life Sciences, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Eunüs S Ali
- Gaco Pharmaceuticals and Research Laboratory, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, 5042, Australia
| | - Siddhartha K Mishra
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences (Zoology), Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, 470003, M.P, India
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Mohammad S Mubarak
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
| | - Luciano da Silva Lopes
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Neuroquímica Experimental do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, CEP: 64.049-550, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Ana Amélia de Carvalho Melo-Cavalcante
- Laboratório de Toxicidade Genética do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, CEP: 64.049-550, Teresina Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (RENORBIO) da Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
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Shen M, Cao Y, Jiang Y, Wei Y, Liu H. Melatonin protects mouse granulosa cells against oxidative damage by inhibiting FOXO1-mediated autophagy: Implication of an antioxidation-independent mechanism. Redox Biol 2018; 18:138-157. [PMID: 30014903 PMCID: PMC6068202 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been described as a prime driver of granulosa cell (GCs) death during follicular atresia. Increasing evidence suggests potential roles of melatonin in protecting GCs from oxidative injury, though the underlying mechanisms remain largely undetermined. Here we first proposed that the inhibition of autophagy through some novel regulators contributes to melatonin-mediated GCs survival under conditions of oxidative stress. Oxidant-induced loss of GCs viability was significantly reduced after melatonin administration, which was correlated with attenuated autophagic signals upon oxidative stimulation both in vivo and in vitro. Compared with melatonin treatment, suppression of autophagy displayed similar preventive effect on GCs death during oxidative stress, but melatonin provided no additional protection in GCs pretreated with autophagy inhibitors. Notably, we found that melatonin-directed regulation of autophagic death was independent of its antioxidation/radical scavenging ability. Further investigations identified FOXO1 as a critical downstream effector of melatonin in promoting GCs survival from oxidative stress-induced autophagy. Specifically, suppression of FOXO1 via the melatonin-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT axis not only improved GCs resistance to oxidative stress, but also abolished the autophagic response, from genes expression to the formation of autophagic vacuoles. Moreover, the activation of SIRT1 signaling was required for melatonin-mediated deacetylation of FOXO1 and its interaction with ATG proteins, as well as the inhibition of autophagic death in GCs suffering oxidative stress. These findings reveal a brand new mechanism of melatonin in defense against oxidative damage to GCs by repressing FOXO1, which may be a potential therapeutic target for anovulatory disorders. Melatonin inhibits oxidative damage in GC without scavenging oxidative stress itself. Melatonin protects GC from oxidative damage via inhibiting autophagic cell death. Inhibition of FOXO1-dependent autophagy by melatonin reduces oxidative damage in GC. Suppression of autophagy through melatonin-PI3K-AKT-FOXO1 axis improves GC survival. Melatonin reduces oxidative injury by inhibiting SIRT1-FOXO1-ATG7-dependent autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yan Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yi Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yinghui Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Honglin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Roohbakhsh A, Shamsizadeh A, Hayes A, Reiter RJ, Karimi G. Melatonin as an endogenous regulator of diseases: The role of autophagy. Pharmacol Res 2018; 133:265-276. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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38
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Kuo YC, Rajesh R. Current development of nanocarrier delivery systems for Parkinson's disease pharmacotherapy. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2018.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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39
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Dehdashtian E, Mehrzadi S, Yousefi B, Hosseinzadeh A, Reiter RJ, Safa M, Ghaznavi H, Naseripour M. Diabetic retinopathy pathogenesis and the ameliorating effects of melatonin; involvement of autophagy, inflammation and oxidative stress. Life Sci 2018; 193:20-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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40
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Zampol MA, Barros MH. Melatonin improves survival and respiratory activity of yeast cells challenged by alpha-synuclein and menadione. Yeast 2017; 35:281-290. [PMID: 29143358 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of Parkinson disease is α-synuclein aggregate deposition that leads to endoplasmic reticulum stress, Golgi fragmentation and impaired energy metabolism with consequent redox imbalance. In the last decade, many studies have used Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model in order to explore the intracellular consequences of α-synuclein overexpression. In this study we propose to evaluate the respiratory outcome of yeast cells expressing α-synuclein. Cell viability or growth on selective media for respiratory activity was mainly affected in the α-synuclein-expressing cells if they were also treated with menadione, which stimulates reactive oxygen species production. We also tested whether melatonin, a natural antioxidant, would counteract the deleterious effects of α-synuclein and menadione. In fact, melatonin addition improved the respiratory growth of α-synuclein/menadione-challenged cells, presented a general improvement in the enzymatic activity of the respiratory complexes and finally elevated the rate of mitophagy, an important cellular process necessary for the clearance of damaged mitochondria. Altogether, our data confirms that α-synuclein impairs respiration in yeast, which can be rescued by melatonin addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana A Zampol
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario H Barros
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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41
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Wnuk A, Kajta M. Steroid and Xenobiotic Receptor Signalling in Apoptosis and Autophagy of the Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112394. [PMID: 29137141 PMCID: PMC5713362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis and autophagy are involved in neural development and in the response of the nervous system to a variety of insults. Apoptosis is responsible for cell elimination, whereas autophagy can eliminate the cells or keep them alive, even in conditions lacking trophic factors. Therefore, both processes may function synergistically or antagonistically. Steroid and xenobiotic receptors are regulators of apoptosis and autophagy; however, their actions in various pathologies are complex. In general, the estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), and mineralocorticoid (MR) receptors mediate anti-apoptotic signalling, whereas the androgen (AR) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptors participate in pro-apoptotic pathways. ER-mediated neuroprotection is attributed to estrogen and selective ER modulators in apoptosis- and autophagy-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and retinopathies. PR activation appeared particularly effective in treating traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries and ischemic stroke. Except for in the retina, activated GR is engaged in neuronal cell death, whereas MR signalling appeared to be associated with neuroprotection. In addition to steroid receptors, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) mediates the induction and propagation of apoptosis, whereas the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) inhibit this programmed cell death. Most of the retinoid X receptor-related xenobiotic receptors stimulate apoptotic processes that accompany neural pathologies. Among the possible therapeutic strategies based on targeting apoptosis via steroid and xenobiotic receptors, the most promising are the selective modulators of the ER, AR, AHR, PPARγ agonists, flavonoids, and miRNAs. The prospective therapies to overcome neuronal cell death by targeting autophagy via steroid and xenobiotic receptors are much less recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Wnuk
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Smetna Street 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Kajta
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Smetna Street 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland.
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Zhang M, Wang S, Cheng Z, Xiong Z, Lv J, Yang Z, Li T, Jiang S, Gu J, Sun D, Fan Y. Polydatin ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy via Sirt3 activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:1280-1287. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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43
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Shi ZY, Deng JX, Fu S, Wang L, Wang Q, Liu B, Li YQ, Deng JB. Protective effect of autophagy in neural ischemia and hypoxia: Negative regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1699-1708. [PMID: 29039446 PMCID: PMC5716434 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved process of self-digestion to promote cell survival in response to nutrient starvation and other metabolic stresses. However, whether ischemic-hypoxic (IH) injury-induced autophagy acts as a neuroprotective mechanism or leads to neuroinjury is a subject of debate. It is known that autophagy is regulated by signaling pathways, including the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. However, in neural IH injury, whether other signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of autophagy remains to be fully elucidated. In the present study, using the autophagy agonist (rampycin), autophagy antagonist [3-methyl adenine (3-MA)] and lysosome antagonist (MHY1485), autophagy was intervened with at oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) 6 h, in order to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of autophagy. Using immunocytochemistry and western blot analysis, the expression levels of stress-related proteins, such as hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) (a key regulator in hypoxia) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2; inflammatory indicator), were analyzed. In addition, the upstream proteins (Wnt1 and Wnt3a), downstream proteins (Dvl2, β-catenin) and target proteins (C-myc and cyclin D) in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were examined by immunocytochemistry and western blot analysis. The present study revealed that autophagy was activated with the upregulation of autophagic flux in IH injury; it was demonstrated that autophagy had a protective role in IH injury. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway was involved in IH injury regulation, and the upstream proteins in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were upregulated, whereas downstream proteins were downregulated by the activity of autophagy accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu Shi
- Institute of Neurobiology, Nursing College, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Jie-Xin Deng
- Institute of Neurobiology, Nursing College, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Su Fu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Nursing College, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Lai Wang
- Institute of Neurobiology, College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Nursing College, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Nursing College, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Qiang Li
- Institute of Neurobiology, Nursing College, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Bo Deng
- Institute of Neurobiology, Nursing College, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
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Chaudhary S, Parvez S. Phytanic acid induced neurological alterations in rat brain synaptosomes and its attenuation by melatonin. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:37-46. [PMID: 28826095 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytanic acid (3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoic acid) (Phyt) is a saturated branched chain fatty acid which originates after the breakdown of chlorophyll molecule, phytol. It plays an important role in a variety of metabolic disorders with peroxisomal impairments. The aim of our investigation was to evaluate the adverse effects of Phyt on synaptic functions by using synaptosomal preparation of rat brain as an in vitro model and the possible protective role of melatonin against Phyt-induced neurotoxicity. Melatonin is an antioxidant, secreted by the pineal gland. Melatonin and its metabolites have neuroprotective effects on cellular stress, by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). In the present investigation, synaptosomes prepared from rat brain were co-treated with melatonin (10μM) and Phyt (50μM) for 2h. Co-treatment of Phyt with melatonin significantly restored the altered levels of protein carbonyl (PC) contents and lipid peroxidation (LPO). It also replenished the Phyt-induced alterations on the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidant defence reduced glutathione (GSH), enzymatic antioxidants such as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and synaptosomal integral enzymes such as AChE, Na+, K+-ATPase and MAO. We observed that Phyt induced oxidative stress in synaptosomes as indicated by an elevation in the generation of ROS and melatonin was able to inhibit the elevated ROS generation. Moreover, the neurotoxic effects elicited by Phyt on NO level and membrane potential were totally prevented by the treatment of melatonin. The results of our investigation emphasize the potential use of melatonin as a nutraceutical and mitigatory agent against Phyt-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaista Chaudhary
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India.
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45
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Pharmacological modulation of autophagy: therapeutic potential and persisting obstacles. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 16:487-511. [PMID: 28529316 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2017.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 567] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is central to the maintenance of organismal homeostasis in both physiological and pathological situations. Accordingly, alterations in autophagy have been linked to clinically relevant conditions as diverse as cancer, neurodegeneration and cardiac disorders. Throughout the past decade, autophagy has attracted considerable attention as a target for the development of novel therapeutics. However, such efforts have not yet generated clinically viable interventions. In this Review, we discuss the therapeutic potential of autophagy modulators, analyse the obstacles that have limited their development and propose strategies that may unlock the full therapeutic potential of autophagy modulation in the clinic.
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Tamura H, Kawamoto M, Sato S, Tamura I, Maekawa R, Taketani T, Aasada H, Takaki E, Nakai A, Reiter RJ, Sugino N. Long-term melatonin treatment delays ovarian aging. J Pineal Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 27889913 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian aging is characterized by gradual declines in oocyte quantity and quality. Melatonin is considered an anti-aging agent due to its cytoprotective actions as an antioxidant. This study examined whether long-term melatonin treatment would delay ovarian aging in mice. Female ICR mice (10 weeks old) were given melatonin-containing water (100 μg/mL; melatonin) or water only until 43 weeks of age. Their oocytes were recovered from the oviduct, and in vitro fertilization was performed. The ovaries were used for a histological analysis of the number of follicles. The mRNA expression of the aging-related sirtuin genes (SIRT1, SIRT3) and the autophagy-related gene (LC3) and the telomere length of the ovarian chromosomes were analyzed. Transcriptome changes in the ovaries were also characterized using microarray. The number of ovulated oocytes decreased with age; however, it was greater in melatonin-treated mice than that from control animals. The decreased fertilization rate and blastocyst rate during aging also were higher in the melatonin-treated mice than in the controls, as were the numbers of primordial, primary, and antral follicles. The mRNA expression of SIRT1 and LC3 and telomere length were enhanced due to melatonin treatment. Seventy-eight genes that were downregulated during aging and upregulated by melatonin were identified by a microarray analysis. Forty of these 78 genes were ribosome-related genes, and a free radical scavenging network was identified. The present results indicate that melatonin delays ovarian aging by multiple mechanisms including antioxidant action, maintaining telomeres, stimulating SIRT expression and ribosome function, and by reducing autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Mai Kawamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Shun Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Isao Tamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Ryo Maekawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Taketani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Hiromi Aasada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Eiichi Takaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Akira Nakai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Norihiro Sugino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
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Zhang W, Jiang P, Chen J, Zhu C, Mao Z, Gao C. Application of melatonin-loaded poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel particles to reduce the toxicity of airborne pollutes to RAW264.7 cells. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 490:181-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Melatoninergic System in Parkinson's Disease: From Neuroprotection to the Management of Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:3472032. [PMID: 27829983 PMCID: PMC5088323 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3472032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is synthesized by several tissues besides the pineal gland, and beyond its regulatory effects in light-dark cycle, melatonin is a hormone with neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Melatonin acts as a free-radical scavenger, reducing reactive species and improving mitochondrial homeostasis. Melatonin also regulates the expression of neurotrophins that are involved in the survival of dopaminergic neurons and reduces α-synuclein aggregation, thus protecting the dopaminergic system against damage. The unbalance of pineal melatonin synthesis can predispose the organism to inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of this review is to summarize the knowledge about the potential role of the melatoninergic system in the pathogenesis and treatment of PD. The literature reviewed here indicates that PD is associated with impaired brain expression of melatonin and its receptors MT1 and MT2. Exogenous melatonin treatment presented an outstanding neuroprotective effect in animal models of PD induced by different toxins, such as 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), rotenone, paraquat, and maneb. Despite the neuroprotective effects and the improvement of motor impairments, melatonin also presents the potential to improve nonmotor symptoms commonly experienced by PD patients such as sleep and anxiety disorders, depression, and memory dysfunction.
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Su LY, Li H, Lv L, Feng YM, Li GD, Luo R, Zhou HJ, Lei XG, Ma L, Li JL, Xu L, Hu XT, Yao YG. Melatonin attenuates MPTP-induced neurotoxicity via preventing CDK5-mediated autophagy and SNCA/α-synuclein aggregation. Autophagy 2016; 11:1745-59. [PMID: 26292069 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1082020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson disease (PD). However, little is known about the regulation of autophagy in neurodegenerative process. In this study, we characterized aberrant activation of autophagy induced by neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and demonstrated that melatonin has a protective effect on neurotoxicity. We found an excessive activation of autophagy in monkey brain tissues and C6 cells, induced by MPTP, which is mediated by CDK5 (cyclin-dependent kinase 5). MPTP treatment significantly reduced total dendritic length and dendritic complexity of cultured primary cortical neurons and melatonin could reverse this effect. Decreased TH (tyrosine hydroxylase)-positive cells and dendrites of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) were observed in MPTP-treated monkeys and mice. Along with decreased TH protein level, we observed an upregulation of CDK5 and enhanced autophagic activity in the striatum of mice with MPTP injection. These changes could be salvaged by melatonin treatment or knockdown of CDK5. Importantly, melatonin or knockdown of CDK5 reduced MPTP-induced SNCA/α-synuclein aggregation in mice, which is widely thought to trigger the pathogenesis of PD. Finally, melatonin or knockdown of CDK5 counteracted the PD phenotype in mice induced by MPTP. Our findings uncover a potent role of CDK5-mediated autophagy in the pathogenesis of PD, and suggest that control of autophagic pathways may provide an important clue for exploring potential target for novel therapeutics of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yan Su
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Institute of Zoology ; Kunming, Yunnan , China.,b Kunming College of Life Science; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Kunming, Yunnan , China
| | - Hao Li
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Institute of Zoology ; Kunming, Yunnan , China.,b Kunming College of Life Science; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Kunming, Yunnan , China
| | - Li Lv
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Institute of Zoology ; Kunming, Yunnan , China.,b Kunming College of Life Science; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Kunming, Yunnan , China
| | - Yue-Mei Feng
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Institute of Zoology ; Kunming, Yunnan , China
| | - Guo-Dong Li
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Institute of Zoology ; Kunming, Yunnan , China.,b Kunming College of Life Science; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Kunming, Yunnan , China.,d School of Life Science; Anhui University ; Hefei, Anhui , China
| | - Rongcan Luo
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Institute of Zoology ; Kunming, Yunnan , China
| | - He-Jiang Zhou
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Institute of Zoology ; Kunming, Yunnan , China
| | - Xiao-Guang Lei
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Institute of Zoology ; Kunming, Yunnan , China
| | - Liang Ma
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Institute of Zoology ; Kunming, Yunnan , China.,b Kunming College of Life Science; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Kunming, Yunnan , China
| | - Jia-Li Li
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Institute of Zoology ; Kunming, Yunnan , China.,c Kunming Primate Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Kunming, Yunnan , China
| | - Lin Xu
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Institute of Zoology ; Kunming, Yunnan , China.,e CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Shanghai , China
| | - Xin-Tian Hu
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Institute of Zoology ; Kunming, Yunnan , China.,c Kunming Primate Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Kunming, Yunnan , China.,e CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Shanghai , China
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- a Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Institute of Zoology ; Kunming, Yunnan , China.,b Kunming College of Life Science; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Kunming, Yunnan , China.,c Kunming Primate Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Kunming, Yunnan , China.,e CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Shanghai , China
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Galluzzi L, Bravo-San Pedro JM, Blomgren K, Kroemer G. Autophagy in acute brain injury. Nat Rev Neurosci 2016; 17:467-84. [PMID: 27256553 DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2016.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily ancient mechanism that ensures the lysosomal degradation of old, supernumerary or ectopic cytoplasmic entities. Most eukaryotic cells, including neurons, rely on proficient autophagic responses for the maintenance of homeostasis in response to stress. Accordingly, autophagy mediates neuroprotective effects following some forms of acute brain damage, including methamphetamine intoxication, spinal cord injury and subarachnoid haemorrhage. In some other circumstances, however, the autophagic machinery precipitates a peculiar form of cell death (known as autosis) that contributes to the aetiology of other types of acute brain damage, such as neonatal asphyxia. Here, we dissect the context-specific impact of autophagy on non-infectious acute brain injury, emphasizing the possible therapeutic application of pharmacological activators and inhibitors of this catabolic process for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France.,INSERM, U1138, 75006 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006 Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - José Manuel Bravo-San Pedro
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France.,INSERM, U1138, 75006 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006 Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Klas Blomgren
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital Q2:07, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France.,INSERM, U1138, 75006 Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006 Paris, France.,Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital Q2:07, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Hopitâl Européen George Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
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